In Drosophila, the dSAGA complex containing dADA2b is involved in the acetylation of histone H3, lysines 9 and 14. Curiously, dAda2b mutants have greatly reduced lysine 9- and 14-acetylated histone H3 levels, but these animals survive to late development.
To investigate the molecular effects of loss of histone H3, lysine 9 and 14 acetylation, we compared the global messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) profiles of wild-type and dAda2b mutant animals at two developmental stages. Global gene expression profiles show that dSAGA-specific loss of H3-lysine 9 and 14 acetylation results in expression changes (up- or down-regulation) of rather small gene subsets and does not cause global transcriptional deregulation. I'm here. Among the genes upregulated in dAda2b mutants are those that play a role in antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that in dAda2b mutants, lysine-9-acetylated histone H3 levels are reduced in both up- and down-regulated genes of dSAGA. In contrast, the promoter of the dSAGA-independent ribosomal protein gene of the dAda2b mutant maintains high levels of histone H3K9ac. Our data suggest that dSAGA differentially alters Pol II accessibility to specific promoters by acetylating H3 at lysine 9.
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Define density dependent in your own words
Answer:
DENSITY is a physical property of matter, as each element and compound has a unique density associated with it.
Density is the number of things—which could be people, animals, plants, or objects—in a certain area.
The density of an object is the mass of the object compared to its volume. The equation for density is: Density = mass/volume or D = m/v.
A measure of the quantity of some physical property (usually mass) per unit length, area, or volume (usually volume).
Mass density is a measure of the mass.
which statement best describes the interactions between the structures found within a single-celled organism?
Interactions between the structures found within a single-celled organism are to establish internal metabolism equilibrium. Each component work with the other to keep the cell alive.
Single-celled organisms can be divided into several parts. Internal structures, cell walls, and external structures make interactions within the external environment.
The chemical fluid contained the most in the single-cell internal structure. It helps the cell to function properly, for example, to synthesize protein and absorb nutrients. The structure of an internal single-celled organism is so complex that it can handle the function whether the external environment is not so friendly.
Cell walls are a barrier that a cell needed to protect and maintain in/out of the nutrients and cellular waste. It is a permeable membrane built from various chemicals. External structures such as flagella help cells mobility to a suitable environment for cells.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was “What are the interactions between the structures found within a single-celled organism?”
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which question is likely the most necessary one for isadora to answer before finalizing the list of animals in the habitat?
Assume that Isadora is an animal keeper in the zoo. We can tell her that her job is done at the end of the day when she already gave a proper amount of food to each of the animals, knew that every animal is in a good condition for their health, and make sure every animal is sitting in their place.
Another thing, we can also assume that Isadora is responsible for every in and out of the animal in the zoo. She has to make sure the adaptation of the animal that came are in a good condition and healthy. Especially for baby animals. Baby animals are needed extra attention for their health and activities.
Let us assume another thing, Isadora is a biologist concerned about animal reproduction and the environment in wildlife. She needs to work with other experts to help her make sure animals and the environment in that wildlife will live healthily.
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________ called word salad is used to describe incoherent, loose word associations that sometimes appear in the speech of a person diagnosed with schizophrenia
Schizophasia also called word salad is used to describe incoherent, loose word associations that sometimes appear in the speech of a diagnosed person with schizophrenia.
The term "word salad," also known as "schizophasia," is most frequently used to describe a symptom of a neurological or mental disease. It is defined as "a jumbled or incoherent blend of apparently random words and phrases." Particularly used to characterize the muddled language that may be present in schizophrenia is the word "schizophrenia."
Word salad, which is characterized as "a tangle of severely incomprehensible speech as occasionally witnessed in schizophrenia," has been used to describe individuals with different forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's. This kind of connection, which may be shown in both spontaneous speech and the word association test, connects two words by using a covertly whispered intermediary word.
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what accounts for the different number of atp molecules that are formed through cellular respiration?
Because the composition of electron transport chain varies between species, various organisms use the electron transport chains to produce varying amounts of ATP.
What causes cells to produce the most ATP?The majority overall ATP synthesis takes place during cellular respiration inside the mitochondrial matrix, producing about 32 ATP molecules for every glucose molecule that is oxidized.
What causes about 90% of the ATP produced during cellular respiration?Nearly 90% of the ATP produced by cellular respiration is produced via oxidative phosphorylation.By substrate-level phosphorylation, less ATP is produced during glycolysis and the citric acid/Krebs Cycle.
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one of the foods in the experiment has a high fat content and one has high carbohydrate content. from your results, what generalization can you make about the relative energy content of fats and carbohydrates?
Because one triglyceride molecule produces three fatty acid molecules, each of which contains up to 16 or more carbons, fat molecules provide more energy than carbohydrates and are an essential source of energy for the human body.
Food's energy content is an essential feature. The food you consume provides the energy your body requires for running, talking, and thinking. The quantity of heat produced by the combustion of one gram of a material is measured in joules per gram (J/g).
Fats are the slowest energy source yet the most energy-efficient type of food. Each gram of fat has around 9 calories, which is more than twice as much as proteins or carbs. Because fats are so unhealthy
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most of the energy supplied by protein during exercise comes from the metabolism of which amino acids?
Answer:Blood-borne glucose, derived from liver glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis, as well as intra-muscular lipids and plasma free fatty acids derived from adipose tissue provide the main energy alternatives to muscle glycogen. Several amino acids, including the essential amino acid leucine, are also used directly as oxidizable fuels during exercise.
Explanation:
Test 2009
which method best describes how an organism regulates blood glucose levels after consumption of a large meal?
Using negative feedback to decrease blood glucose levels method best describes the process. After a person eats a large meal, the level of glucose (a carbohydrate) in the blood increases. In response, the body releases insulin.
Blood sugar or glucose is the primary sugar withinside the blood. It is obtained from the food you eat and is your body's primary source of energy.The blood carries glucose to cells throughout the body for use as energy.Diabetes is a sickness wherein blood sugar stages are too high.
A fasting blood glucose level of 99 mg/dL or less is normal, 100 to 125 mg/dL is prediabetes, and 126 mg/dL or more is diabetes.
Negative feedback is when the output from the system is then fed back into the system to minimize or reduce the effect of subsequent iterations. Therefore, in markets, negative feedback loops can reduce volatility, for example through contrarian and value investing.
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Suppose a female fruit fly carries a mutation in her nanos gene that prevents expression of the nanos protein in any eggs she produces. Which effect is likely to be observed?.
Consider a scenario in which a female fruit fly has a mutation in her nanos gene that inhibits the expression of the nanos protein in any eggs she lays.
Under what conditions will ducklings lose their webbing?Apoptosis results in the loss of webbing. Duck embryos that have had mutant BMP4 implanted experimentally have unwebbed feet. The actions of genes under the control of genetic switches determine both the development of a single organism and the evolution of species distinctions.
What function do gap genes have in Drosophila?The gap gene system controls the first steps of the segmentation pathway in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. Due to its tractability, this system is important for embryo patterning and has attracted the attention of both experimentalists and computer modelers.
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what is the best definition of syphilis? a. a common viral infection characterized by recurrent outbreaks of blister-like sores b. a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium called treponemapallidum c. a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium that usually affects mucous membranes d. an infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to infect the oviducts and pelvic cavity
Treponema pallidum is the bacterium that causes the STD known as syphilis. Without proper treatment, syphilis can have detrimental repercussions on one's health.
What does the term "syphilis" actually mean?A bacterial infection called syphilis is typically spread through sexual contact. A sore on the mouth, genitalia, or rectum is frequently where the condition first manifests itself. By touching these lesions on the skin or mucous membranes, syphilis can be transmitted from one person to another.
Which definition of gonorrhea is most accurate?The Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria is the source of the sexually transmitted illness (STD) known as gonorrhea. N. gonorrhoeae infection affects the urethra in both men and women as well as the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in females.
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-plasmids are most likely acquired via check all that apply. r-plasmids are most likely acquired viacheck all that apply. transduction. transformation. bacterial conjugation. translation.
The plasmids that cause R plasmids most likely acquired are bacterial conjugation by the bacterial infection. Such plasmids, termed drug-resistance (R) factors, typically additionally specify the formation of intercourse pili, filamentous appendages at the surface.
These sell bacterial conjugation, and therefore allow the switch of a duplicate of the plasmid from the resistant organism to one that may also formerly had been drug-sensitive. Antibiotic resistance genes harbored in plasmids may be without problems transferred to commensal and pathogenic micro organism via a technique called bacterial conjugation.
Through a technique referred to as conjugation, the conjugation pilus allows the bacterium to switch a duplicate of the R-plasmids to different micro organism, making them additionally more than one antibiotic resistant and capable of produce a conjugation pilus.
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in the first phase of photosynthesis a series of reactions converts light energy into atp and nadph these reactions are referred to as
In the first phase of photosynthesis a series of reactions converts light energy into atp and nadph these reactions are referred to as light-dependent reactions.
By converting light energy into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis, plants and other living things can subsequently release that chemical energy to power their activities. Because photosynthesis is how plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, it is crucial to the health of all living things. In order for animals to survive, they need oxygen, and plants serve as nature's air filter by removing dangerous carbon dioxide.
In the presence of sunshine, light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplasts' thylakoid membrane. During these processes, the solar energy is transformed into chemical energy. The photosystem, which is in charge of photosynthesis, receives energy from the sun through the chlorophyll in plants. The light-dependent reactions that depend on light change light energy into chemical energy.
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do some carcinogens act on the genome directly? are others are converted to mutagenic substances by the cell's enzymes
Yes, some carcinogens directly affect the DNA, while others are changed by cellular enzymes into mutagenic chemicals.
Depending on the DNA lesions and the repair processes they cause, carcinogens can be classified as methylating or bulky-adduct-forming (BAF) agents. Contrary to methylating carcinogens, BAF carcinogens such as UV radiation, free oxygen species, and a variety of substances cause substantial changes in the DNA molecule's three-dimensional structure. These lesions cause growth inhibition and can only be healed by NER, or nucleotide excision repair. Most chemical mutagens and carcinogens don't interact with DNA directly. Enzymes must change them in order for them to be activated. Some carcinogens directly affect the DNA, while others are changed into mutagenic chemicals by the enzymes of the cell.
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Some natural resources are renewable—nature produces them fast enough that humans can obtain valuable and useful supplies of a resource without depleting it. Other natural resources are nonrenewable—if we use the resource at a rate fast enough to matter to our economy, the resource will run out because use is much faster than natural production. What do we know about oil and coal?.
A natural resource that doesn't refill as quickly as it is used up is said to be nonrenewable. It has a limited quantity.
If a nonrenewable resource is exploited too, what will happen to it?Nonrenewable materials cannot be regenerated during a human lifetime. These resources don't form for a very long time. If we consume these resources too quickly, there won't be time to refill them, therefore they could run out. The nonrenewable resource categories are coal, oil, and natural gas.
What would occur if we overused our natural resources?We are, in essence, utilizing soil more quickly than it can be replaced as a result of global warming, deforestation, and chemical farming. About 95% of our food must be grown in healthy topsoil; without fertile agricultural land, entire civilizations risk extinction.
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Individuals that are heterozygous for a deletion of a locus on chromosome 11 show severe developmental disorders and growth abnormalities, but only when the deletion is inherited from the mother. The cause of these phenotypes has been localized to a promoter sequence located within a CpG island.
What epigenetic mark would you predict to be found on this imprinted promoter?
DNA methylation would be found on this imprinted prompter ,Dna is found in every body on the earth.
DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic mark that involves DNA methyltransferases covalently transferring a methyl group to the C-5 position of the cytosine ring of DNA (DNMTs). 1. Cytidines are methylated in plants in both symmetrical (CG or CHG) and asymmetrical (CHH, where H is A, T, or C) contexts. A chemical reaction in the body that involves the addition of a small molecule known as a methyl group to DNA, proteins, or other molecules. The addition of methyl groups can change how certain molecules behave in the body. For example, methylation of a gene's DNA sequence may turn the gene off, preventing it from producing a protein.
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The presence of many red blood cells in the urine during a microscopic examination is known as ________.
Answer:
Hematuria
Explanation:
Hematuria is the presence of blood in a person’s urine
explain what is meant by epigenetic inheritance and give an example of epigenetic changes discussed in the text or in class
The transmission of specific epigenetic markings to offspring is referred to as epigenetic inheritance.
Generally speaking, epigenetics refers to changes in a cell's gene expression profile that are not brought on by modifications to the DNA sequence. In some circumstances, the paternal contribution is the primary source of epigenetic inheritance. It is crucial to demonstrate that the inherited phenotype requires passing through the gametes when considering transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (i.e., sperm and eggs). The fact that stressed-out moms generate stressed-out offspring is an instructive illustration.
Only the fourth generation can be deemed "event-free" and unblemished since a pregnant woman's exposure to a given environmental factor may even directly damage the germ cells of the kids. Only his sperm can be altered by an event that causes an epigenetic alteration in the father, resulting in dependable nongenetic inheritance in the third generation.
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small dense object formed from the remnants of a star at least three times as massive as the sun
Small dense object formed from the remnants of a star at least three times as massive as the sun is referred to as black hole.
What is Black hole?This is a term which is referred to as an area which is present in space where gravitational force pulls so much that even light and matter can not escape from the region. This was discovered by some scientists after the objects which were put in the area weren't seen again which led to more discoveries and analysis.
The black hole is also known to be a very big and massive area and is also said to be at least three times as big and dense as the sun as result of the enormous amount of mass is packed into a tiny volume.
This is therefore the reason why black hole was chosen as the correct choice in this scenario.
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Another way radon destroys genetic information in lung tissue cells is
A. by being too large to be absorbed by lung cells.
B. that radon causes the lung tissue to become to brittle to aborb air.
C. lung tissue expands to quickly to effectively exchange gases in the lungs.
D. the emission of large alpha cells physically tear up the cells.
Another way in which the radioactive substance; radon destroys genetic information in lung tissue cells simply by the emission of large alpha cells physically tear up the cells.
The correct answer choice is option d.
How radon destroys genetic information in lung tissue cellsRadon is a chemical substance which usually, frequently and most of the time destroys the genetic components of substances such as the ones in the lung tissue by emitting alpha particles.
In conclusion, we can now confirm from the explanation given above that the tissue cells in the lungs of mammals can be affected by exposure to radioactive substances.
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Based on phylogenetic bracketing, knowledge that both birds and crocodiles have four-chambered hearts would lead us to conclude that __________ also have four-chambered hearts.
ornithischian dinosaurs and saurischian dinosaurs
Based on phylogenetic bracketing, knowledge that both birds and crocodiles have four-chambered hearts would lead us to conclude that ornithischian dinosaurs and saurischian dinosaurs also have four-chambered hearts.
ornithischian, a certain member of the humongous taxonomic group of herbivorous dinosaurs that includes Triceratops and all dinosaurs related to it more closely than birds. The saurischians make up one of the two primary types of dinosaurs, the other being the ornithischians. Ornithischians were so named because their hip bones were superficially similar to those of birds, with a large portion of the pubic bone pointing down and toward the tail rather than down and forward as in other reptiles. Ornithischians, despite their name, are not related to birds, which evolved from theropod saurischian dinosaurs.
Theropods and sauropodomorphs are the two major groups of saurischians. Theropods were two-legged carnivores that evolved into birds at least 144 million years ago from theropods. Like all other tetrapods, saurischian, or "lizard-hipped," dinosaurs had pelves (hips) made up of three elements: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The saurischians are divided into two groups. Sauropoda were large herbivores that included Apatosaurus and Diplodocus.
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which of the following is true of fast glycolytic fibers? group of answer choices high glycogen stores and low in mitochondria variable atp-ase activity and low glycogen storage high in myoglobin and capillary infusion use mainly the mitochondrial phases of respiration to regenerate atp
High glycogen stores and low in mitochondria- is true of fast glycolytic fibers.
What is glycolytic fiber?
Anaerobic glycolysis, which yields less ATP per cycle, is the main method used by glycolytic fibers to make ATP. As a result, glycolytic fibers lose energy more quickly. The structural components of slow oxidative fibers maximize their capacity to produce ATP via aerobic metabolism.
Anaerobic glycolysis is the main source of ATP for fast glycolytic fibers. They have a lot of glycogen, which allows them to produce ATP quickly. These fibers have extremely few mitochondria due to their dependency on anaerobic metabolism, which results in poor oxygen availability.
Hence the correct answer is high glycogen stores and low in mitochondria.
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Each square table can seat four people how many people can be seated at 8 square tables?
neurexins are cell adhesion proteins that are important for connecting neurons at the synapse. mammals have 3 neurexin genes. however, 2000 forms of neurexin proteins are found in cells where they play a role in determining synapse specificity. what mechanism most likely underlies this diversity?
Neurexins and neuroligins have emerged as central organizing molecules for excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic synapses in the mammalian brain.
Functions as a cell adhesion molecule and bridges the synaptic cleft. Surprisingly, both partners can trigger the formation of hemisynapses.
Neuroligins induce presynaptic differentiation and neurexins induce postsynaptic differentiation. Recent protein interaction assays and cell culture studies demonstrate the selectivity of function conferred on either partner by alternative splicing. Insertion of β-neurexin into site 4 selectively promotes GABAergic synaptic function, whereas insertion of neurolysin-1 into site B selectively promotes glutamatergic synaptic function. Although early knockdown and knockout studies suggest that neurexins and neuroligins play important roles in synaptic transmission, particularly GABAergic synapses, assessing the in vivo function of these complex protein families needs further research.
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what happens when oligomycin, an inhibitor of atp synthase, is added to mitochondria suspended in a buffered medium?
The concentration of protons (H+) increases if oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, is added to mitochondria suspended in a buffered medium.
The Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis are the three primary phases of cellular respiration.
In the cytoplasm, glycolysis produces pyruvate. For every molecule of glucose produced during this process (glycolysis), two molecules of pyruvate are produced.
Additionally, during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, Nicotinamide Adenine Diphosphate (NADH) is created in its reduced form.
The electron transport chain consumes NADH during oxidative phosphorylation. By pumping protons (H+) across from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane gap, NADH is employed to establish an electrochemical gradient.
An ATP synthase uses this electrochemical proton gradient later on to create ATP. In conclusion, oligomycin DOES NOT CHANGE the concentration of pyruvate or NADH, but it DOES INCREASE the concentration of protons (H+) in the mitochondria.
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What is a gamete?
A The sex cells of an organism. For example, egg or sperm.
B Any body cell.
C The fertilized egg of an organism.
A gamete that is the result of a sperm cell fertilizing and egg because a gamete is the same thing as a zygote, which a baby that's forming.
What is Authoritarian?Authoritarian parenting is the situation where parents expects much from their children but give them little or no room to express themselves or do most of what they want.
This tends to affect the child as they are limited to what they want to do and in most cases perform badly as what they are doing is not their choice. Darien's father is applying authoritarian parenting on him as they dictate everything for him giving him little or no room for his choices.
Therefore, A gamete that is the result of a sperm cell fertilizing and egg because a gamete is the same thing as a zygote, which a baby that's forming.
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The introductory text describes attempts to understand interactions between the immune system and HIV in order to develop better treatments. This type of work requires a good understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV. Place the following in the order in which they occur when HIV infects a macrophage and immediately begins to produce new viruses rather than remain dormant. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help HIV virions are released and bind to Th lymphocytes The gp120/gp41 surface proteins bind to the The HIV envelope fuses with the host cell membrane HIV replicates and produces altered gp120 capable of coreceptors of CD4allowing the nucleocapsid Submit Previous Answers
When HIV infects a macrophage and begins to produce new viruses rather than remain dormant.
The following order of pathogens occurs when HIV infects a macrophage is depicted as follows:
The gp120/gp41 surface proteins binds to the coreceptor of CD4 and CCR5. The HIV envelope fuses with the host cell membrane, allowing nucleoplasmid to enter the cell. HIV replicates and produces altered gp120 capable of binding to CXCR4. HIV virions are released and bind to Th lymphocytes which cease to divide.
Therefore, the order is discussed above.
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why have we not found examples in the fossil record of every animal that ever lived on earth? select all that apply.
To become a fossil, an animal must remain buried for thousands or millions of years until it (and the layer around it) turns to rock. hence option a is correct answer.
The record of life preserved in stone monuments is preserved in fossils. Nearly all living things have the ability to leave behind fossils, but typically only the tough components of plants and animals do so. Animals' muscles, skin, and soft internal organs disintegrate quickly and are rarely preserved, but their bones and shells are suitable candidates for fossilization. Soft animals like jellyfish and worms have almost no fossil records. There are several ways that fossils are created, but the majority occur when an animal or plant dies in a wet environment and is buried in mud and silt. Fast-decomposing soft tissues leave behind hard bones or shells. Sediment accumulates on top of it and forms rock over time.
The complete question is:
Why have we NOT found examples in the fossil record of every animal that ever lived on Earth? Select all that apply.
a) To become a fossil, an animal must remain buried for thousands or millions of year until t (and the layer around it) turns to rock.
b) It is just a matter of time before we find them all. Rocks contain the history of all life, if you know where to look.
c) To become a fossil, an animal must be quickly and completely buried in ash or sediment before it has a chance to decompose
d) Many fossils remain buried We can only find them when they are exposed by erosion or excavation
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Which of the following is the best example of how a government agency can apply environmental science?
Purchase only free-range, organic chicken
Provide mosquito netting for malaria-stricken areas
Regulate air emissions from a coal factory
Study the decline in honeybee populations around the world
The best example of how a government agency can apply environmental science is that Purchase only free-range, organic chicken.
Registered dietician Nancy Goodwin of the American Dietetic Association says that animals raised and allowed to forage on pasture incorporate greater omega-three fatty acids, alpha-linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid, however much less ordinary fats than their historically raised counterparts.
Chickens are omnivores with the aid of using nature and revel in chasing down plant-destroying bugs like grasshoppers, grubs, beetles, and larvae, ridding a place of ability pests in a completely brief time. Many of our natural farmers depend upon their chickens as a natural “insecticide” for his or her flower and vegetable gardens. Organic meat has a excessive nutrition and dietary value, which undoubtedly influences the human body.
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great white sharks are at the top of their food web. the total amount of energy at this trophic level..
An ecosystem's overall energy content must be less than that of the lower trophic levels if there are any great white sharks present.
The fundamental framework of interaction in all biological communities, the trophic pyramid is defined by the way that food energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next throughout the food chain.
The autotrophs, which are the ecosystem's main producers, make up the base of the pyramid. Other organisms in the ecosystem are consumers called as heterotrophs, but they all rely, either directly or indirectly, on the primary producers for food and energy. Energy is lost as heat at every trophic level in all biological ecosystem as organisms need energy for metabolic tasks like keeping warm and digesting food. The amount of energy available decreases with the trophic level of the organism. For instance, the tremendous quantity of solar energy that plants and other autotrophs (primary producers) have access to is only partially converted into food energy. The biomass of the plants that herbivores and detritivores (principal consumers) eat limits how much accessible energy they can absorb. As a result, carnivores that eat herbivores, detritivores, and other carnivores, as well as those that consume other carnivores, have access to the least amount of energy.
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Define the term translation, Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Reset Help mRNA In translation, the codon sequence from the is translated by the are linked in the ribosome, a protein is a carboxylic acid into As the TRNA produced an amino acid amino acids duplet TRNA carboxylic acids triplet
The key components required for translation are mRNA, ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA). During translation, mRNA nucleotide bases are read as codons of three bases. Each codon codes for a particular amino acid.
mRNA uses its codon to read tRNA and mRNA uses a codon to match the appropriate amino acid. tRNA uses its codon to match the anticodon on the mRNA and add the appropriate amino acid.
How many amino acids will result from the translation of the given mRNA Strand?
The four nucleotides found in mRNA — A, U, G, and C — can be combined in a total of 64 different ways because codons are three-letter structures. There are 61 amino acids represented by these 64 codons, while the remaining three are stop signals that mark the conclusion of protein synthesis.
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