Answer:
1.66x10^-24 M
Explanation:
By definition, 1 mole = 6.02x10^23 particles, or molecules, in this case. Use this relationship as a conversion factor:
((1 mole)/(6.02x10^23 molecules))
Use this conversion factor to calculate moles of the solute when only 1 molecule is present:
(1 molecule)/((1 mole)/(6.02x10^23 molecules)) = 1.66x10^-24 moles
The molecules cancel, leaving only moles.
Concentration, by definition, is the moles per liter of a solute. Take the
1.66x10^-24 moles and divide by the volume, which is 1.0L here:
(1.66x10^-24 moles solute)/(1.0 Liter) = 1.66x10^-24 molar, or 1.66x10^-24 M
which of the following generates the most ions per mole of solute when dissolved in dilute aqueous solution? group of answer choices a. nahso4 b. mgcl2 c. nacl d. c2h5oh e. caso4
MgCl₂ generates the most ions per mole of solute when dissolved in dilute aqueous solution because MgCl₂ dissolves completely in aqueous solution and Molarity of MgCl₂ is higher than all given ionic compounds nahso4, nacl, c2h5oh and caso4.
The equation for the dissociation of MgCl₂ in an aqueous solution is:
MgCl₂→Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻
Based on the equation for the reaction, for every mole of magnesium ions present in the solution, there are two moles of chloride ions. This is the case because in order to balance the charges to form the compound, the total anionic and cationic charges should be equal.
What is Molarity ?
Molarity is a concentration in terms of moles per litre of solution. Because an ionic compound dissociates into its components cations and anions in solution, the key to the problem is identifying how many moles of ions are produced during dissolution.
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which substance has the lower molar entropy? which substance has the lower molar entropy? they are both the same. there is no way to know. ne (g) at 298 k and 1.00 atm kr (g) at 298 k and 1.00 atm
The atomic mass of Kr > Ne, Kr has greater standard molar enthalpy, and Ne has lower standard molar enthalpy. For a given pair of molecules with similar properties, the one with greater atomic mass has a greater molar entropy. one with greater atomic mass has greater entropy under identical conditions of a number of moles, temperature and pressure.
What is Entropy?The amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that cannot be used to carry out beneficial work is known as entropy. Entropy is a measure of a system's molecular disorder or unpredictability since work is produced by organized molecular motion.
What is Enthalpy?Enthalpy, a characteristic of a thermodynamic system, is the result of adding the internal energy of the system and the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is utilized in several measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems under constant pressure.
Hence, the atomic mass of Kr > Ne, Kr has greater standard molar enthalpy, and Ne has lower standard molar enthalpy.
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suppose a 25.00 ml sample of a solution of a diprotic acid of unknown concentration requires 18.73 ml of a solution of 0.300 m koh to reach the end point. what is the molarity of the diprotic acid?
The molarity of the diprotic acid that requires 18.73 mL KOH is 1.405 M.
The chemical reaction between a diprotic acid and KOH is
H₂A + 2 KOH → K₂A + 2 H₂O
In stoichiometry, we learn the chemical reaction and the laws that work in it. According to Avogadro's law, the coefficient of a substance in a chemical reaction expresses the ratio of the number of moles of each substance.
[tex]M \:=\: \frac{n}{V}[/tex]
n = MV
n = the number of moles (mol)M = the molarity (M)V = the volume (L)KOH
The volume V = 18.73 mLThe molarity M = 0.300 MThe number of moles for KOHThe number of moles for a diprotic acid
n KOH : n H₂A = 2 : 1
n H₂A = n KOH ÷ 2
n H₂A = 5.619 ÷ 2
n H₂A = 2.8095 mmol
The molarity of a diprotic acid
[tex]M \:=\: \frac{n}{V}[/tex]
[tex]M \:=\: \frac{2.8095}{25.00}[/tex]
M = 1.405 M
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in an experiement, 5 g of licl is dissolved into 40 ml of water orginally at 17 c in a calorimeter. the temperature rises to 40.3. determine the molar heat of solution of li cl
Moler Heat of solution is 32.7 kJ/mol
The molar heat of a solution(ΔH) is calculated by the formula
ΔH=q/n
Where, n-Number of moles
q- Energy of the system
q is calculated by the formula
q=m×c×ΔT
Where ΔT=(T_f-T_i)
T_f=40.3°C, T_i=17°C
ΔT=(40.3-17)°C=23.3°C
c=4.18 J/g°C
The mass of water is
m=40 ml×(1 g/1 ml)=40 g
Substitute all values in the formula
q=40g×(4.18 J/g°C)×23.3°C
q=3895.76 J
The molar mass of LiCl is 42g/mol.
The moles of LiCl =5g×(1 mol/42 g)=0.11905 mol
Hence, the molar heat of a solution is
ΔH=3895.76 J/0.11905 mol =32723.7295 J/mol
Convert the value in kJ
ΔH=32723.7295 J/mol×(1 kJ/1000 J)=32.7 kJ/mol
Therefore, the molar heat of a solution is 32.7 kJ/mol.
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what is the concentration of an n a o h naoh solution if it takes 12.50 ml 12.50 ml of a 0.100 m h c l 0.100 m hcl solution to titrate 25.00 ml 25.00 ml of the n a o h naoh solution?
The concentration of NaOH is 0.05 M
given that :
molarity of HCl solution, M1 = 0.100 M
volume of HCl solution, V1 = 12.50 mL = 0.0125 L
volume of NaOH solution, V2 = 25 mL = 0.025 L
molarity of NaOH solution, M2 = ?
using the titration formula we get :
M1 V1 = M2 V2
putting the value in the formula :
0.100 × 0.0125 = M2 × 0.025
0.00125 = M2 × 0.025
M2 = 0.05 M
Thus, the concentration of an NaOH solution if it will takes 12.50 mL of a 0.100 M HCl of the 25 mL is 0.05 M.
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if a catalyst were added to the reaction of crystal violet with sodium hydroxide, which effects could occur? i. the mechanism of the reaction would change. ii. the activation energy of the reaction would change. iii. the rate of the reaction would change.
If a catalyst were added to the reaction of crystal violet with sodium hydroxide, effects could occur is the mechanism of the reaction would change , the activation energy of the reaction would change and the rate of reaction would change.
When we add catalyst to the reaction the rate of reaction would change . the catalyst decreases the activation energy of the reaction . it will speed up the rate of the reaction. the mechanism of the reaction would change.
Thus, the catalyst lowers down the activation energy of the reaction . so, the rate of the reaction would change.
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consider the redox reaction 3ni2 (aq) 2co(s)⟶2co3 (aq) 3ni(s) which substance gets oxidized? co3 ni co ni2
In this equation there's a little mistake, Co never suggests -three kingdoms, therefore, it ought to be + three.
Redox is a kind of chemical response in which the oxidation states of substrate trade. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or a boom inside the oxidation kingdom, whilst discount is the benefit of electrons or a lower in the oxidation nation.
An oxidation-discount redox response is a form of chemical reaction that involves a switch of electrons between species. An oxidation-reduction response is any chemical reaction wherein the oxidation range of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by means of gaining or losing an electron.
The five principal sorts of redox reactions are aggregate, decomposition, displacement, combustion, and disproportionation.
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Explain why the balls representing fluorine and hydrogen have only one hole drilled in them, while oxygen has two and carbon has four.
Because carbon establishes four bonds to other atoms, whereas hydrogen and fluorine only form one, the balls used to symbolize these elements have four and oxygen has two holes, respectively.
Fluorine is univalent, which means it can only create one bond with hydrogen, whereas carbon is tetravalent and can establish up to four bonds. As a result, carbon has four pegs while fluorine and hydrogen only have one. Each molecule of HF has one hydrogen atom that may form a hydrogen bond, while the fluorine atom possesses three lone pairs of electrons. The maximum amount of hydrogen atoms can form hydrogen bonds, and each HF molecule will typically form two hydrogen bonds.
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calculate the ph of 1.00 l of a buffer that is 1.00 m in acetic acid and 1.00 m in sodium acetate after the addition of 0.900 mole of naoh.
The ph of 1.00 l of a buffer that is 1.00 m in acetic acid and 1.00 m in sodium acetate after the addition of 0.900 mole of naoh is 5.28.
initial moles of sodium acetate = acetic acid = 1 m * 1 L = 1 moles
[ acetate ] after adding NaOH = 1 mol+ 0.55 mol = 1.55 M
[acetic acid] after adding NaOH = 1 mol - 0.55 mol = 0.45 M
According to Handerson-Hasselblach equation:
PH = Pka + ㏒ [ acetate]/[acetic acid]
when Pka = 4.74
so, by substitution:
∴PH = 4.74 + ㏒[1.55/0.45]
∴ PH = 5.28
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what ph indicator is added to the simmons citrate agar? group of answer choices phenol red methylene green bromothymol blue litmus
The most common pH indicator used in Simmons Citrate Agar is Bromthymol Blue (BTB)
Simmons Citrate Agar is a selective and differential medium used for the detection and differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae (gram-negative bacteria).
The medium contains sodium citrate as the sole carbon source, which is used to differentiate organisms based on their ability to utilize citrate as a sole carbon source.
The medium also contains pH indicators that change color based on the pH of the medium. The most common pH indicator used in Simmons Citrate Agar is Bromthymol Blue (BTB).
BTB is a pH indicator that turns yellow in acidic conditions and blue in basic conditions. As the bacteria metabolize the citrate in the medium, they produce acids, which cause the medium to become acidic.
This change in pH is detected by the BTB, which changes color from blue to yellow. The yellow coloration of the medium is an indication that the organism is utilizing citrate as a sole carbon source.
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Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." CH3OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O
The balanced equation of the chemical reaction would be [tex]2CH_3OH + 3O_2 -- > 2CO_2 + 4H_2O[/tex]
Balancing the equation of reactionsIn order to balance equations of reactions, the equations need to obey the law of conservation of atoms. According to this law, atoms can neither be created nor destroyed during reactions, but their forms may change. In other words, the total number of atoms of different elements in reactions is conserved.
Thus, the same number of atoms of different elements must exist in the reactants and the products, irrespective of their forms.
Following this rule, the balanced reaction of the equation illustrated in the problem would be: [tex]2CH_3OH + 3O_2 -- > 2CO_2 + 4H_2O[/tex]
In the balanced equation, one can see that C, H, and O atoms in the reactants and the products are of equal numbers.
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Suppose 9.07 g of copper(II) nitrate is dissolved in 100. mL of a 0.70 M aqueous solution of sodium chromate Calculate the final molarity of copper(II) cation in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the copper(II) nitrate is dissolved in it. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Suppose 9.07 g of copper(II) nitrate is dissolved in 100. mL of a 0.70 M aqueous solution of sodium chromate the final molarity of copper(II) cation in the solution will be 0.48 M
The balanced equation is given as :
Cu(NO3)2 + Na2CrO4 = CuCrO4 + 2NaNO3
Number of mol of copper nitrate = mass /molar mass
= 9.07 g/187.5 g/mol
= 0.048 mol
mol sodium chromate = molarity x volume (L)
= 0.70 M x 0.100 L
mol sodium chromate = 0.07 mol
so copper nitrate is limiting
So number of mol of copper (II) cation will be 0.048 mol
molarity = mol/volume (L)
= 0.048 mol / 0.100 L
= 0.48 M
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the major product of the given reaction has the molecular formula c10h16o3. draw its structure in the most stable tautomeric form. the starting material is a 7 carbon chain where carbon 1 is double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to o c h 2 c h 3. carbon 2 has a methyl substituent. carbon 7 is double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to o c h 2 c h 3. this reacts with n a o c h 2 c h 3, followed by an acidic aqueous workup.
The same atoms make up tautomers, which are isomers with various electrical and molecular configurations. The associated tautomeric form is the most reliable.
Describe tautomery.
Tautomery is a specific type of isomery caused by a shift in one or more atoms' positions inside the molecule. The molecule electronic distribution and, consequently, the molecular structure are altered by this shift in location.
Tautomerization, the constant interconversion, is what gives equilibrium to the isomeres known as tautomers in solution. The same kind and number of atoms are present in both molecules.
The item in the suggested example has the chemical formula C10H16O3. In isomeric molecules, 6C, 16H, and 3O are essential. The distribution of these atoms, however, fluctuates, changing the structure of the resultant molecule.
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what species are made at the anode and cathode, respectively, during the electrolysis of molten kbr? a) br⁻(aq) and k⁺(aq) b) k(l) and br⁻(aq) c) br₂(g) and k(l) d) br₂(g) kbr(l) e) br⁻(aq) k(l)
Br₂(g) and K(l) species are made at the anode and cathode, respectively, during the electrolysis of molten kbr .
The term "electrolysis" describes the use of an electric current to break down a chemical. An illustration of this is the deposit of sodium and chlorine at various electrodes when the current is run through molten sodium chloride. Thus, sodium and chlorine are formed as sodium chloride breaks down. The cathode, also known as the positive or oxidizing electrode, is reduced during the electrochemical reaction after receiving electrons from the external circuit. Cations (positively charged ions) give rise to cathodes, while anions give rise to anodes. The cathode is the electrode that is negatively charged in an electrical device.
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in which of the three phases of matter would you expect hydrogen bonding between water molecules to be the strongest?
Hydrogen fluoride, HF has the strongest individual hydrogen bonds between its molecules.
An inorganic substance with the chemical formula HF is hydrogen fluoride. The main industrial source of fluorine is this colorless gas or liquid, which is frequently an aqueous solution known as hydrofluoric acid.
Aluminum, plastics, electrical components, pharmaceuticals, high-octane fuel, fluorescent light bulbs, and refrigerants are all made with hydrogen fluoride. The production of refrigerants uses 60% of the hydrogen fluoride used in manufacturing.
The difference in charge between hydrogen ions that are slightly positive and other hydrogen ions that are slightly negative results in hydrogen bonds, which are electrostatic forces that attract. Hydrogen bonds form between nearby hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules in the case of water.
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A chunk of dry ice, solid co2, disappears after sitting at room temperature for a while. There is no puddle of liquid. What happened?.
After a while at room temperature, a piece of dry ice, or solid CO2, vanishes without leaving a puddle of liquid behind.
What is solid CO2?Dry ice, which is a solid form of carbon dioxide, is available. When used for short-term refrigeration, CO2 is usually used because it frequently sublimates from the solid form to the gas state due to the fact that it does not have a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure. Carbon dioxide that is solid is known as "dry ice." Due to its ice-like appearance and the fact that it truly sublimes rather than melting, dry ice appears to be made of ice. Because the solid does not first become a liquid when heated, it is known as dry ice.
What is solid CO2 used for?Dry ice, also known as solid carbon dioxide, is very cold (109 °F / 78 °C), and it is frequently used to cool vaccines, chill and freeze food, preserve blood and tissue samples, heat-treat metals, and even produce special effects like fog for events or stage plays. Because solid CO2 does not melt into a liquid when heated but instead transforms instantly into gas, it is referred to as dry ice. Sublimation is the name of this procedure.
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a 25.0 ml sample of 0.105 m hcl was titrated with 31.5 ml of naoh. what is the concentration of the naoh? group of answer choices 0.075 m 0.105 m 0.132 m 0.0833 m none of the above
The NaOH 31.5 ml of 0.0833 M NaOH will be required to 25.0 mL of 0.105 M HCl.
Given
M1= 0.105 M HCl
V1 = 25 ml HCl
M2 = ?
V2 = 31.5 ml NaOH
From concentration calculation
M1V1 = M2V2
0.105 M x 25 ml = M2 x 31.5 ml
M2 = 0.0833 M NaOH
Titration is a technique for determining an unknown solution's concentration. Titrating refers to a solution's known concentration. The burette is filled with the titrant. Analyte or titrate refers to the solution's undetermined concentration. In Erlenmeyer, the analyte or titrate is added.
Hence, HCl is titrated with NaOH in given concentrations.
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Which of the following statements is not true? a. lonic compounds typically have higher melting points than molecular compounds b. Covalent bonds form between non-metal and metal elements
c. Molecular compounds share electrons to form bonds between atoms d. Ionic bonds in the melted state can conduct electricity
The statements which is not true is Covalent bonds form between non-metal and metal elements as ionic bond forms between non-metal and metal elements .
What is Covalent bonds?The bond formed by pairing of electrons between the atoms by sharing electron to each other is known as Covalent bonds. It is generally formed between two Non-metals.
Ionic bond:
Ionic Bond is formed because of electrostatic attraction. This generally formed in the opposite charged ions of the atoms that why they generally form between Metals and Non- metals.
Hence, statements which is not true is Covalent bonds form between non-metal and metal elements as ionic bond forms between non-metal and metal elements .
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what is the mole fraction of ethanol c2h5oh in an aqueous solution that is 46 perccent ethanol by mass?
The mole fraction of ethanol c2h5oh in an aqueous solution that is 46 percent ethanol by mass is 0.25
Mole fraction is the mole of one of the component of the solution divided by the total moles of the solution
Calculating the mole fraction of ethanol,we get
Percentage by weight of ethyl alcohol is 46% which implies in 100 g of this solution is 46 g while the mass of the water will be 54% of 100 g = 54g.
Finding the moles of water and the ethyl alcohol {molar mass of water(H₂O) = 18 and molar mass of ethyl alcohol(C₂H₆O = 46}
Moles = mass/molar mass
moles of ethanol = 46/46 = 1
moles of water = 54/18 = 3
ntotal=1+3=4
Mole fraction of ethanol is:
Mole of ethanol = 1/4
Total mole of solution
Hence, the mole fraction is 1/4 or 0.25
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Alchemy is a branch of ancient knowledge that states that all matter is composed of air, fire, earth, and water. Which of these best explains whether alchemy is a science or pseudoscience? it is a science because all matter is known to be made of elements. It is a science because air, fire, earth, and water all are forms of matter. It is pseudoscience because all matter is known to be made of atoms. It is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable.
The statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation.
Alchemy is considered a pseudoscience. The statement that "all matter is composed of air, fire, earth, and water" is not consistent with our modern scientific understanding of matter. Alchemy was an ancient practice that attempted to transform base metals into noble metals (such as gold) and find a way to achieve eternal life, among other goals. While alchemy did contribute to the development of early chemistry and the discovery of some chemical processes, its beliefs and methodologies were often based on mystical and philosophical concepts rather than empirical scientific evidence.
In contrast, modern science understands that matter is composed of atoms and elements. The periodic table categorizes all known elements, and we have a comprehensive understanding of atomic structure and chemical reactions, which is not consistent with the alchemical view of matter being composed of air, fire, earth, and water.
Therefore, the statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation. Alchemy is considered pseudoscience because its claims and theories were based on mystical and speculative beliefs rather than the systematic empirical observations and rigorous scientific methodology that characterize genuine scientific endeavors.
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a physician attempts to aspirate a knee joint and obtains 0.1 ml of slightly bloody fluid. addition of acetic acid results in turbidity and a clot. this indicates that:
This indicates that hyaluronic acid clots in the presence of acetic acid.
The ability of hyaluronidase to prevent the development of a tight mucus clot with acetic acid shows the existence of highly polymerized hyaluronic acid. In vitro, highly polymerized hyaluronic acid is produced by cultured cells of different mesenchymal tissues. The concentration of hyaluronic acid in freshly prepared, concentrated embryo extract was determined to be between 210 and 240 mcg/ml.
Hyaluronic acid found in embryo extract was depolymerized in tissue culture with days between medium changes.
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The complete question is
A physician attempts to aspirate a knee joint and obtains 0.1mL of slightly bloody fluid. Addition of acetic acid results in turbidity and a clot. This indicates that
Most studied answer
a)the fluid is synovial fluid
b)hyaluronic acid clots in the presence of acetic acid.
c)hyaluronic acid is part of synovial fluid
what amount of moles of chlorine is needed to react with 1.2 moles of phosphorus trichloride to produce phosphorus pentachloride? pcl3 cl2 ->pcl5
When 1.2 moles of phosphorus trichloride reacts then 1.2 moles of chlorine is needed.
pcl3+cl2 ->pcl5
1 moles of PCl3 reacts with 1 mole of Cl2 to produce 1 mole of pcl5.
now, if 1.2 moles phosphorus trichloride reacts then same amount (1.2 mole) is needed to make 1.2 mole of phosphorus pentachloride.
When determining how much of a substance there is, the concept of a mole is helpful. When dealing with particles at the atomic (or molecular) level, it is commonly known that even a single grams of a pure element includes an astoundingly high number of atoms. The mole notion is widely utilized in this context. The most common unit of measurement is the "mole," which is a count of many particles.The number 6.02214076*1023, commonly known as the Avogadro constant, is frequently denoted by the letter "NA". Among the elementary entities that can be represented in moles are atoms, molecules, monoatomic and polyatomic ions, as well as other particles (such as electrons).
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Which of the following statements about Lewis bases is TRUE?a) Lewis bases are electron pair acceptors.b) Lewis bases are electron pair donors.c) Lewis bases are proton donors.d) Lewis bases are proton acceptors.
The true statement is b- Lewis bases are electron pair donors. Lewis bases are referred to as species that have extra electrons and have the tendency to give electrons to Lewis acids that have empty orbitals.
What is Lewis base?
Any substance that has the ability to give a pair of nonbonding electrons, such as the OH- ion, is considered a Lewis base. Therefore, a Lewis base is an electron-pair donor.
The correct answer is option B.
Lewis bases provide extra electrons to species with empty orbitals since they have filled orbitals compared to their own. Lewis bases are therefore electron donors, providing option (B) the proper choice.
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35 g al(s) reacts with excess hcl(aq) according to the chemical equation shown above. what is the volume (in l) of h2 gas produced at a temperature of 345 k and a pressure of 1.12 atm?
35 g al(s) reacts with excess hcl(aq) according to the chemical equation shown above. what is the volume (in l) of h2 gas produced at a temperature of 345 k and a pressure of 1.12 atm?
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
3 moles of H2 produced from 2 moles of Al
3*2g of H2 produced from 2*27g of Al
75g of H2 produced from = 2*27*75/(3*2) = 675g of Al >>>>answer
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl
2*27g of Al react with 6 moles of HCl
4.25g of Al react with = 6mole*4.25g/(2*27g) = 0.472 moles of HCl
no of moles of HCl = molarity * volume in L
0.472 = 5*volume in L
volume in L = 0.472/5 = 0.0944 L = 94.4ml >>>>answer
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
2 moles of Al react with excess of HCl 3 moles of H2
2*27g of Al react with excess of HCl 3 moles of H2
35g of Al react with excess of HCl = 3*35/(2*27) = 1.94 moles of H2
n = 1.94moles
T = 345K
P = 1.12atm
PV = nRT
V = nRT/P
= 1.94*0.0821*345/(1.12) = 49.1 L of H2 >>>>answer
part-D
no of moles of Al = W/G.M.Wt
= 125/27 = 4.63moles
no of moles of HCl = molarity *volume in L
= 3.2*2.5 = 8moles
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl
4.63 moles of Al react with = 6*4.63/2 = 13.89 moles of HCl is required
HCl is limiting reactant
6 moles of HCl react with excess of Al to gives 3 moles of H2
8 moles of HCl react with excess of Al to gives = 3*8/6 = 4 moles of H2
theoretical yield of H2 = no of moles * gram mola rmass
= 4*2 = 8g
A chemical is any substance that has a described composition. In other phrases, a chemical is continually made up of the identical "stuff." a few chemical compounds occur in nature, such as water.
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If the symbol X represents a central atom, Y represents outer atoms, and Z represents lone pairs on the central atom, the structure A central X atom has two lone pairs. Two Y atoms are attached to X with single bonds, could be abbreviated as XY2Z2.Classify these structures by the hybridization of the central atom.HYBRIDIZATIONS:1. sp2. sp23. sp34. sp3d5. sp3d2ABREVIATIONS:1) XY22) XY33) XY44) XY55) XY66) XY2Z37) XY2Z8) XY3Z29) XY4Z10) XY4Z211) XY3Z12) XY5Z13) XY2Z2
The following hybridization states are applicable for the various abbreviations displayed:
sp = XY₂sp² = XY₂Z, XY₃ sp3³ = XY₄, XY₂Z₂, XY₃Zsp³d = XY₅, XY₂Z₃, XY₃Z₂, XY₄Zsp³d² = XY₆, XY₄Z₂, XY₅ZThe number of electron pairs surrounding the core atom in a molecule affects its hybridization state.
The idea of hybridization is an approximation that describes the bonding in some chemical species by mixing atomic orbitals of various energies to generate orbitals of suitable energies that can be employed in chemical combinations.
The number of electron pairs that surround the center atom determines its hybridization state in a molecule.
2 electron pairs result in sp hybridization.
Sp2 hybridization is caused by three electron pairs.
Sp3 hybridization is caused by 4 electron pairs.
Sp3d hybridization is caused by 5 electron pairs.
Sp3d2 hybridization is caused by 6 electron pairs.
Remember that the molecule's core atom is surrounded by both bond pairs (Y) and lone pairs (Z) of electrons.
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2. what key features should be present in the ir spectrum of your product if you successfully made the desired bromohydrin? what key features should be absent from the ir spectrum if the starting material was completely reacted?
The key features that should be present in the IR spectrum of your product if you successfully made the desired bromohydrin and the key features that should be absent from the IR spectrum if the starting material was completely reacted are the spectra of the other alcohols.
Spectra of other alcohols used in the synthesis show the presence of bromohydrin. The presence of bromohydrin with a characteristic hydroxyl stretch indicates the presence of alcohol.
What is bromohydrin?Bromohydrin is formed by adding Br and OH to an alkene, the result is known as bromohydrin (bromine = bromine, hydrin = hydrogen, water).
The synthesis of bromohydrins involves highly regioselective ring expansion from epoxides to halohydrins using hydrogen and lithium halides in the presence of cyclodextrin in water as solvent.
What is IR spectrum?
A common absorption method for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation is infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Electromagnetic radiation that can change the vibrational and rotational states of covalent bonds in organic molecules is in the infrared region of the spectrum.
so as we know that bromohydrin by Br and OH there should be ir spectrum of Br dan OH in the IR spectrum of product
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what role do currents play in transporting heat? why is this important? what happens when a warm-phase enso occurs?
There are three stages to the ENSO weather phenomena. The Pacific Ocean can experience El Nio (extremely warm currents), La Nia and Neutral from October through spring of the next year.
What phase of ENSO is it right now?
The most current ONI value is -1.0oC (August to October 2022). Based on the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) [3 month running mean of ERSST. v5 SST anomalies in the Nino 3.4 zone (5N-5S, 120-170W)], recent Pacific warm (red) and cold (blue) episodes are shown.
Is ENSO cool or warm?
El Nio, Neutral, or La Nia are the three possible ENSO patterns in the tropical Pacific. El Nio and La Nia (the warm phase of each) (the cool phase)
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could you determine the molar mass of magnesium based on the total chloride ion concentration in the solution instead of using the amount hydrogen gas produced?
The ideal gas law and the gas mass are both used to determine the amount of hydrogen in moles. Learn about the ideal gas law, which is expressed as PV = nRT, where "P" stands for pressure, "V" for volume, "n" for the number of moles of a gas, and "T" for temperature.
The weight of one mole of a sample is known as the molar mass. To determine the molecular mass of a molecule, multiply the subscript (number of atoms) by the atomic mass of each element in the molecule, then add the masses of all the elements in the molecule together.
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Identify the products of the reaction that will be carried out in biodiesel synthesis lab:
A. Fatty esters
B. Sodium hydroxide
C. Propane-1,2,3-triol
D. Triglyceride
E. Methanol
Transesterification is a three-step process where a triglyceride is converted into diglycerides, followed by monoglycerides, in a sequential order.
What are fatty acids?Fatty acid may be defined as an organic compound that generally consists of a straight chain of carbon atoms, with hydrogen atoms along the length of the chain and at one end of the chain and a carboxyl group at the other end.The synthesis of fatty acid is the formation of fatty compounds from acetyl- CoA and NADPH with the action of an enzyme known as fatty acid synthases. This process of fatty acid synthesis significantly takes place in the cytoplasm as well as the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell.Triglycerol is formed with the help of adjoining three fatty acids to a glycerol backbone. This process involves the dehydration reaction. This is because three molecules of water are released in the process of fatty acid synthesis.Therefore, in fat synthesis, glycerol and fatty acids combine to make fats plus water. Thus, the correct answer is A.To learn more about Fatty acid synthesis, refer to the link:
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3.00 g of AgNO3 is used to make how many moles of Ag with excess Cu
Cu + AgNO3 à Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
According stoichiometry and balanced chemical equation,as 339.74 g produces 2 moles , therefore 3 g is produced by 0.017 moles of silver.
What is stoichiometry?Stoichiometry is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
In the given example, according to balanced chemical equation as 339.74 g of silver nitrate produces 2 moles,
∴3 g of silver nitrate will produce 3×2/339.74=0.017 moles.
Therefore, 3.00 g of AgNO₃ is used to make 0.017 moles of silver.
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