IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) is a set of principles that govern the preparation and presentation of financial statements.
IFRS has replaced most local accounting standards, such as GAAP in the US and has been adopted in many countries around the world including in the EU. The IFRS being principle-based instead of rule-based would affect financial ratio comparison involving American and EU companies in the following ways:As IFRS is principle-based, it would allow companies to have more flexibility in interpreting accounting principles.
Companies could report financial results that may not align with other companies in the same industry, making it difficult for financial ratio comparisons. For instance, the interpretation of revenue recognition criteria could be different. Some companies may recognize revenue as soon as a sale is made, while others may wait until the goods are delivered and accepted by the buyer.
This could lead to different ratios, such as profitability ratios, which could make the comparison of American and EU companies challenging.
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Which ones identify the disadvantages of the payback rule? A. Very simple and easy to apply. B. Ignores the time value of money. C. The cutoff payback is arbitrary. All of the above. B and C of the above.
Payback rule refers to the period it takes for an investment to recover its initial cost. While it is a simple technique that is easy to use, there are several limitations to its application.
The disadvantages of the payback rule are as follows:
Ignores the time value of money
The payback rule does not account for the time value of money, which assumes that the value of money changes over time. It implies that the value of money obtained at different periods is not equal. As a result, using the payback rule can be deceptive since the rule ignores inflation and the interest rate.
The cutoff payback is arbitrary
The payback rule requires a specific payback period, which can be arbitrary. This means that different payback periods result in different profitability projections.
Thus, the cutoff payback period is subjective since different individuals may have varying expectations and may require different payback periods. All of the above represents the disadvantages of the payback rule.
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is a publicly traded company that just paid a $2.00 per share dividend. The company is expected to increase its dividend by 20% per year for the next two years. After the second year, the dividend growth rate will be 5% per year for the next two years. After the 4 th year, dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 3% into the foreseeable future. An analyst estimates that investors in the firm will require a 12% annual return. Based on this information, what is the intrinsic value of the stock today?
The answer is, the intrinsic value of the stock today is $28.60.
How to find?Given:
Dividend paid = $2.00 per share
Dividend growth rate for the next 2 years = 20% per year
Dividend growth rate for the next 2 years after that = 5% per year
Dividend growth rate for the foreseeable future = 3% per year
Required rate of return = 12% per year
In order to determine the intrinsic value of the stock today, we will use the Dividend Discount Model (DDM).
Dividend Discount Model (DDM) states that the intrinsic value of a stock is equal to the present value of all future dividends.
Using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) for four-year holding period:
[tex]$$PV =\frac{D_1}{(1+r)^1} + \frac{D_2}{(1+r)^2} + \frac{D_3}{(1+r)^3} + \frac{D_4 + P_4}{(1+r)^4}$$[/tex]
Where,
D1 = expected dividend for year 1
D2 = expected dividend for year 2
D3 = expected dividend for year 3
[tex]$$PV =\frac{D_1}{(1+r)^1} + \frac{D_2}{(1+r)^2} + \frac{D_3}{(1+r)^3} + \frac{D_4 + P_4}{(1+r)^4}$$[/tex]
D4 = expected dividend for year 4
P4 = expected selling price for year 4
r = required rate of return
D1 = $2.00 × 1.20
= $2.40
D2 = $2.40 × 1.20
= $2.88
D3 = $2.88 × 1.05
= $3.024
D4 = $3.024 × 1.05
= $3.175
P4 = $3.175 × (1 + 0.03) / (0.12 - 0.03)
= $34.65
Substituting the values, we get:
[tex]$$PV =\frac{$2.40}{(1+0.12)^1} + \frac{$2.88}{(1+0.12)^2} + \frac{$3.024}{(1+0.12)^3} + \frac{$34.65}{(1+0.12)^4}$$$$PV[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{$2.40}{1.12} + \frac{$2.88}{1.2544} + \frac{$3.024}{1.4049} + \frac{$34.65}{1.5735}$$$$PV[/tex]
[tex]=$2.143 + $2.296 + $2.155 + $22.01$$$$PV[/tex]
=$28.60.
Therefore, the intrinsic value of the stock today is $28.60.
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Felton Publishing recently completed its IPO. The stock was offered at a price of $13.96 per share. On the first day of trading, the stock closed at $18.31 per share. If Felton Publishing paid an underwriting spread of 7.1% for its IPO and sold 5 million shares, what was the total cost (exclusive of underpricing) to the company of going public? The total cost of going public was 9 million. (Round to one decimal place.)
Previous question
Felton Publishing recently completed its IPO. The stock was offered at a price of $13.96 per share. On the first day of trading, the stock closed at $18.31 per share.
The IPO (Initial Public Offering) refers to a company's first issuance of shares to the public.
Underwriting is the term used to describe the process of raising capital for the company by selling its shares to the general public through an IPO or some other means.
In the question, Felton Publishing has offered 5 million shares in its IPO at a price of $13.96 per share.
The total amount raised through the IPO is:
Total amount raised = Number of shares offered x Price per share
= 5,000,000 x $13.96
= $69,800,000
Now, we need to determine the cost to the company of going public.
The cost of going public includes the underwriting spread paid to the underwriters.
The underwriting spread is expressed as a percentage of the total amount raised. It is equal to 7.1%.
Therefore, the underwriting spread paid by Felton Publishing is:
Underwriting spread
= 7.1% x $69,800,000
= $4,954,800
Hence, the total cost to Felton Publishing of going public (exclusive of underpricing) is:
Total cost of going public = Total amount raised - Underwriting spread
= $69,800,000 - $4,954,800
= $64,845,200
Therefore, the total cost (exclusive of underpricing) to the company of going public was $64,845,200 (rounded to one decimal place).
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1. Name the two major Ontario statutes that address health and
safety in the Ontario workplace
2. What are the three laws that govern equity in the
workplace?
1. The two major Ontario statutes that address health and safety in the Ontario workplace are the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act (WSIA).
Ontario is Canada's most populated province, with more than 14 million residents. Ontario is also a major economic player in Canada. Manufacturing and service sectors are the two most significant employers in the province. The province has a large public sector, which includes healthcare, education, and public services.
In Ontario, there are two major statutes that address health and safety in the workplace: The Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act (WSIA). The OHSA aims to safeguard workers' health and safety by ensuring that businesses have proper procedures and equipment. It also creates regulations governing workplace inspections, investigations, and reporting procedures. The WSIA governs workers' compensation. It creates a system to pay compensation to workers who are injured or become sick as a result of their job.
2. The three laws that govern equity in the workplace are the Canadian Human Rights Act, the Employment Equity Act, and the Ontario Human Rights Code.
The Canadian Human Rights Act was passed in 1977 and prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, age, se-x, se-xual orientation, or disability in employment and other areas.
The Employment Equity Act was passed in 1986 and aims to promote equality in the workplace by requiring employers to take positive measures to ensure that members of four designated groups - women, Indigenous people, persons with disabilities, and visible minorities - are given equal access to employment opportunities.
The Ontario Human Rights Code was enacted in 1962 and it protects individuals from discrimination in employment, housing, services, and other areas based on various grounds such as race, creed, gender, s-exual orientation, marital status, and age.
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Which of the following describes a strategy used by workers to avoid competing with one another in the labor market and instead to sell their services collectively?
Multiple choice question.
a) Compartmentalization
b)Privatization
c)Unionization
d)Deindustrialization
The answer is c) Unionization. Compartmentalization is the division of a complex system into smaller, more manageable parts.
Privatization is the transfer of ownership of a business, enterprise, or public service from the public sector to the private sector.
Deindustrialization is the decline of manufacturing in a country or region. Unionization is the process of workers joining together to form a union, which is a collective bargaining unit that negotiates with employers on behalf of its members. By joining a union, workers can avoid competing with one another in the labor market and instead sell their services collectively. This gives them more bargaining power and allows them to negotiate for better wages, benefits, and working conditions.
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Assume the true market risk premium is constant over time and that the CAPM holds. How should you choose the data sample when estimating the market risk premium if you have 100 years of data?
a. You should use all available data (100 years).
b. If the market has gone up for the last 20 years, but was not performing so well previously, you want to use only the last 20 years of data.
C. If the market has gone up for the last 20 years, but was not performing so well previously, you want to exclude the data from the last 20 years.
d. You want to exclude years with extreme negative or extreme positive returns, since they are not representative of typical market returns.
e. (b) and (d)
f. (c) and (d)
g. None of the above.
When estimating the market risk premium if you have 100 years of data and you assume that the true market risk premium is constant over time and that the CAPM holds, positive returns since they are not representative of typical market returns.
Thus, the correct answer is d. You want to exclude years with extreme negative or extreme positive returns, since they are not representative of typical market returns.
To estimate market risk premium using the CAPM method, the equity risk premium and the risk-free rate are combined. CAPM model is used for calculating the expected return on equity investments, considering the return on the market index as a benchmark. The formula for the CAPM model is shown below:
Ri = Rf + β (Rm - Rf)Where, Ri is the expected return on a stock or portfolio, Rf is the risk-free rate,β is the beta of the security or portfolio,Rm is the expected return of the market.
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In an effort to increase employment by stimulating investment spending, policymakers would
a. sell bonds.
b. purchase US government bonds on the open market.
c. increase the federal funds rate.
d. increase government spending.
e. increase transfer payments.
The most relevant options for policymakers aiming to increase employment and stimulate investment spending would be to increase government spending (d) and increase transfer payments (e).
In an effort to increase employment by stimulating investment spending, policymakers would typically consider options such as:
d. Increase government spending: By increasing government spending on infrastructure projects, education, healthcare, or other sectors, policymakers can create job opportunities and stimulate investment in the economy. This can lead to increased economic activity and potentially higher employment levels.
e. Increase transfer payments: Increasing transfer payments, such as unemployment benefits, welfare programs, or social security payments, can provide individuals with additional income. This, in turn, can increase their spending power and stimulate demand for goods and services, thereby potentially boosting investment and employment.
Selling bonds (a) and purchasing US government bonds on the open market (b) are monetary policy tools rather than fiscal policy tools. While they can influence interest rates and the overall economy, they are not directly targeted at increasing employment.
Increasing the federal funds rate (c) is a monetary policy tool used by central banks to control inflation and manage the money supply. It is not specifically aimed at increasing employment or investment spending. In fact, increasing the federal funds rate may have the opposite effect by making borrowing more expensive and potentially reducing investment.
Therefore, the most relevant options for policymakers aiming to increase employment and stimulate investment spending would be to increase government spending (d) and increase transfer payments (e).
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Sofie was injured when his Shopsmith combination power tool threw off a piece of wood that struck her in the head. SHe sued the manufacturer, claiming that he had followed the product instructions and that the product must be defective. Would tort law applies here? Explain. NOTE: Support your answer with a minimum of three paragraphs.
Tort law would apply in this case as Sofie suffered an injury due to a defective product. To prove her case, Sofie would need to establish that the product was defective and that she had used the product in the manner intended by the manufacturer.
To prove her case, Sofie would need to establish that the Shopsmith combination power tool was defective and that this defect caused her injury. She would also need to prove that she had used the product in the manner intended by the manufacturer, as stated in the product instructions. If Sofie can establish these elements, she may be entitled to damages under tort law.
The manufacturer of the Shopsmith combination power tool may be liable for Sofie's injury if it can be shown that the product was defective in some way. This could include a design defect, a manufacturing defect, or a failure to warn of potential risks associated with the product. If the manufacturer knew or should have known of the defect and failed to take appropriate action to address it, they may be found liable under tort law.
In conclusion, Sofie has a valid claim under tort law if she can prove that her injury was caused by a defect in the Shopsmith combination power tool and that she had used the product in the manner intended by the manufacturer. The manufacturer may be held liable if it can be shown that they were aware of the defect and failed to take appropriate action to address it.
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a risk assessment team should focus on critical areas. true false
True. A risk assessment team should focus on critical areas.
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities within a system, process, or organization. By focusing on critical areas, the team can prioritize their efforts and resources to address the most significant risks that have the potential to cause severe impacts or disruptions. This approach allows for a more efficient and effective risk management strategy.
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Greta has risk aversion of A=3 when applied to return on wealth over a one-year horizon. She is pondering two portfolios, the S&P 500 and a hedge fund, as well as a number of one-year strategies. (All rates are annual and continuously compounded.) The S&P 500 risk premium is estimated at 9% per year, with a standard deviation of 23% . The hedge fund risk premium is estimated at 11% with a standard deviation of 38% . The returns on both of these portfolios in any particular year are uncorrelated with its own returns in other years. They are also uncorrelated with the returns of the other portfolio in other years. The hedge fund claims the correlation coefficient between the annual return on the S&P 500 and the hedge fund return in the same year is zero, but Greta is not fully convinced by this claim. What should be Greta's capital allocation? (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
A pension fund manager is considering three mutual funds. The first is a stock fund, the second is a long-term bond fund, and the third is a money market fund that provides a safe return of 5%. The characteristics of the risky funds are as follows: Expected Return Standard Deviation Stock fund (S) 17% 30% Bond fund (B) 11% 22% The correlation between the fund returns is 0.10. You require that your portfolio yield an expected return of 14%, and that it be efficient, that is, on the steepest feasible CAL. a. What is the standard deviation of your portfolio? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) b. What is the proportion invested in the money market fund and each of the two risky funds? (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
In the first scenario, Greta is considering two portfolios: the S&P 500 and a hedge fund, along with various one-year strategies. Greta has a risk aversion parameter, A=3.
The S&P 500 has an estimated risk premium of 9% per year, with a standard deviation of 23%, while the hedge fund has a risk premium of 11% and a standard deviation of 38%.
The returns on both portfolios in any given year are uncorrelated with their own returns in other years, and they are also uncorrelated with each other.
To determine Greta's capital allocation, we need to calculate the capital allocation line (CAL) and find the point where it is steepest, representing the highest risk-adjusted return.
Since the returns of the two portfolios are uncorrelated, the optimal allocation can be found by solving a simple optimization problem.
In the second scenario, the pension fund manager is considering three mutual funds: a stock fund, a long-term bond fund, and a money market fund with a safe return of 5%.
The expected returns and standard deviations of the stock and bond funds are given. The correlation between the fund returns is 0.10.
To construct an efficient portfolio that yields an expected return of 14% on the steepest feasible CAL, we need to find the optimal allocation to each fund.
By utilizing the principles of portfolio theory, we can determine the proportion invested in the money market fund and each of the risky funds to achieve the desired portfolio characteristics.
Please note that the calculations for both scenarios involve mathematical equations and optimization techniques, which cannot be fully presented within the word limit of 150 words.
However, these problems can be solved using portfolio theory, asset allocation models, and optimization methods.
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when the ge wind energy business tapped into world-wide talent, it was able to expand using a(n) strategy.
By leveraging worldwide talent and implementing a global expansion strategy, GE Wind Energy was able to tap into a diverse pool of skills, knowledge, and experiences. This not only helped them expand their business but also fostered innovation, collaboration, and success in the renewable energy sector.
The GE Wind Energy business was able to expand by tapping into worldwide talent using a global expansion strategy. This strategy involves several steps:
1. Talent identification: GE Wind Energy identified talented individuals from different parts of the world who had the skills and expertise needed to contribute to their expansion plans. This could include engineers, technicians, project managers, and other professionals with experience in the renewable energy sector.
2. Recruitment and onboarding: Once the talented individuals were identified, GE Wind Energy recruited them through various channels such as job postings, career fairs, and partnerships with universities. The company ensured a smooth onboarding process to integrate the new hires into their organization and align them with the company's goals and values.
3. Cross-cultural collaboration: GE Wind Energy fostered a collaborative environment where individuals from different backgrounds and cultures could work together effectively. This involved promoting diversity and inclusion, providing cultural sensitivity training, and creating opportunities for team members to learn from each other's perspectives and experiences.
4. Knowledge sharing and innovation: The worldwide talent pool brought diverse perspectives and expertise to the table. GE Wind Energy encouraged knowledge sharing and innovation by creating platforms for employees to exchange ideas, collaborate on projects, and learn from each other. This helped drive continuous improvement and advancements in wind energy technology.
5. Market expansion: With the help of its worldwide talent, GE Wind Energy expanded its market presence globally. They leveraged the expertise and insights of their diverse workforce to identify new market opportunities, develop tailored strategies, and establish partnerships with local organizations to penetrate new markets effectively.
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suppose that regina's credit card carries an interest rate of 24.99%. how much interest would she owe for the billing month (30 days) if her average daily balance was $832.50?
Regina's credit card has an interest rate of 24.99%. To calculate the interest she would owe for the billing month (30 days), we need to determine the average daily balance and apply the interest rate.
The average daily balance is calculated by adding up the balances for each day in the billing cycle and dividing it by the number of days in the cycle. In this case, the average daily balance is $832.50.
To find the interest owed, we can use the formula:
Interest = (Average Daily Balance) x (Interest Rate) x (Number of Days in the Billing Cycle)
Plugging in the values:
Interest = $832.50 x 0.2499 x 30
Calculating this equation, the interest Regina would owe for the billing month is $623.90.
Therefore, the interest owned for the billing month would be $623.90.
Please let me know if there is anything else I can help you with.
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the theory that audiences seek messages in the media that reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs, and thus are not influenced by challenging or contradictory information
The theory that audiences seek messages in the media that reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs, and thus are not influenced by challenging or contradictory information, is known as "selective exposure theory" or "selective exposure hypothesis."
According to this theory, individuals tend to actively select and consume media content that aligns with their preexisting opinions and beliefs. They seek out information that confirms their existing attitudes and avoid or ignore content that contradicts or challenges their viewpoints. This selective exposure to media messages serves to maintain and reinforce their existing beliefs, attitudes, and values.
Selective exposure can occur through various mechanisms, such as choosing specific television channels, websites, newspapers, or social media platforms that cater to one's preferences or ideological leanings. It can also involve engaging in discussions or seeking out interactions with like-minded individuals who reinforce their existing beliefs.
This phenomenon of selective exposure has implications for the formation and reinforcement of individuals' attitudes and the potential for polarization within society. It suggests that individuals may be less receptive to information that challenges their viewpoints, leading to echo chambers or filter bubbles, where people are primarily exposed to content that confirms their existing beliefs.
It is important to note that while selective exposure theory highlights this tendency, individuals can also be influenced by media messages that contradict their beliefs under certain circumstances, such as when the message is presented in a persuasive or relatable manner or when there is a motivation to seek out diverse perspectives.
Understanding selective exposure theory can provide insights into how media consumption and exposure to information can influence individuals' attitudes, beliefs, and their openness to considering different viewpoints. It also underscores the importance of media literacy, critical thinking, and exposure to diverse perspectives for fostering a more informed and balanced society.
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Tiger Bank currently owns $2.5 million in U.S. Treasury bonds that mature in the year 2035. The bank has plans of selling the securities in one year’s time and is concerned about future interest rates increasing. (1) What kind of risk is this bank exposed to? (2) Explain how Tiger Bank can use forward contracts to hedge this risk. (3) How does the counterparty in this transaction benefit?
Treasury bonds from Tiger Bank at the predetermined price. If interest rates do fall, the counterparty can sell the bonds at a profit. If interest rates rise, the counterparty loses money on the transaction.
(1) Interest rate risk is the risk that an investment's value will change due to a change in the interest rate. Higher interest rates result in lower bond values. Conversely, when interest rates fall, the value of a bond investment rises. Bonds with longer terms and lower coupon rates are more sensitive to interest rate changes.
2) Forward contracts are agreements between two parties to purchase or sell a specific asset at a fixed future date and price. The forward contract is a type of derivative that enables two parties to secure a future transaction at a predetermined price.
3) Tiger Bank can use a forward contract to lock in a predetermined price for the sale of their U.S. Treasury bonds. To do so, the bank would enter into a contract to sell the bonds at a fixed price on a future date that matches the bank's expected selling date. The forward contract will ensure that the bank receives the predetermined price, even if interest rates change between the date the contract is signed and the date the bonds are sold. This eliminates the bank's interest rate risk and provides them with price certainty.
4) A counterparty in this transaction is an individual or firm that takes the other side of a financial transaction. The counterparty in this transaction is betting that interest rates will fall. They can profit by entering into a forward contract to purchase the U.S.
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Examine a decision(s) by the CEO or managers at SAMSUNG and determine how internal and external factors impacted their choices.
Samsung has made numerous business decisions that have influenced its growth. For example, the corporation has made the decision to develop high-quality goods that are both technologically advanced and innovative.
Samsung has made several strategic business decisions that have influenced its growth, including the development of high-quality, innovative, and technologically advanced goods. Samsung has succeeded in this endeavor, and the firm is now the market leader in the electronics industry. Samsung's choice to concentrate on R&D is one of the factors that has influenced its success.
Samsung has developed a sophisticated R&D department, which has enabled the company to develop cutting-edge products and stay ahead of the competition. Samsung has been able to create and market some of the most innovative products due to this department, such as the Samsung Galaxy S8 and S9, which have become the company's most popular products. Samsung's decision to concentrate on design is another factor that has contributed to the company's success.
Samsung has invested heavily in design in recent years, hiring top designers and putting a lot of money into design and aesthetics. Samsung has been able to create some of the most visually stunning products on the market as a result of this, such as the Galaxy S8 and S9, which have received high praise for their design and appearance.
Overall, the internal and external factors that have influenced Samsung's business choices have been very successful, and the corporation has become a market leader in the electronics industry. Samsung's emphasis on R&D, design, and innovation has enabled the firm to succeed and stay ahead of the competition.
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a. If I purchased a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, what would be the initial entry to record the purchase?
b. What is paramount to the role of Accounting?
c. Accounting standards are designed to enforce ______________ in organizations.
d. When customers don’t pay the amount due, we call that?
e. If I purchased a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, what would be the initial entry to record the purchase?
By using accounting standards, businesses can ensure that financial statements are reliable and accurate. It promotes transparency and increases the confidence of investors and other stakeholders in the organization.
a. When purchasing a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, the initial entry to record the purchase will be to debit the office equipment account for $11,699, and credit cash or accounts payable for $11,699. The office equipment account will be recorded in the balance sheet of the company.
b. The primary function of accounting is to offer a comprehensive overview of the company's financial information. This is necessary for business owners to make informed decisions about the future of their business. The role of accounting is critical in managing a company's financial health and well-being.
c. Accounting standards are designed to enforce consistency in organizations. They offer guidelines that businesses must follow to ensure that they accurately record financial transactions.
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identify Under Armour viable strategic alternatives
for the future and evaluate the feasibility of success for each.
Make support and explain specific recommendations
Under Armour is a sports apparel and accessories company that has grown steadily over the years. The firm's strategic alternatives for the future include the following.
Expanding to international markets International expansion is a viable strategy that Under Armour can explore. Expanding to new markets will help the company to tap into new revenue streams, and create brand awareness outside the United States.
The company needs to conduct feasibility studies to understand the cultural differences, market competition, and consumer needs. Creating a sustainable product line Sustainability is a concept that has gained popularity among consumers in recent years. The company can take advantage of this trend by creating a sustainable product line.
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Under the Statute of Frauds, an oral promise to take on the debts of another is enforceable in some states. Can you think of any other activities that might be legally acceptable despite the fact that they are not in writing?
Under the Statute of Frauds, there are some activities that might be legally acceptable even though they are not in writing.
An oral promise to take on the debts of another is enforceable in some states.
Additionally, other activities that might be legally acceptable even though they are not in writing include:
Oral employment contracts. In some states, oral employment contracts that are less than a year long are legal.
Leases.
Short-term leases of one year or less do not require a written lease to be considered legal.
Agreements that cannot be performed within a year.
If an agreement cannot be performed within one year, it must be in writing.
Promissory Estoppel.
Promissory estoppel occurs when a promise is made without any written documentation.
This type of legal situation might arise when a person makes a promise to a business partner or a supplier.
This promise can be enforceable if the recipient relied on the promise and changed his position based on it.
Good faith and fair dealing.
Many states have laws in place that require parties to act in good faith and fair dealing in their business relationships.
This requirement does not require a written contract but rather an obligation to act with honesty and integrity.
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James and Martha also run a small convenience store with their gas station. They sell fresh produce, which it obtains from local farmers. During the cherry season, demand for fresh cherries can be reasonably approximated by a normal distribution with a mean of 128 pounds per day and a standard deviation of 16.57 pounds per day. During the day, cherries can only be delivered once a day in the morning. Any excess cherry at the end of the day is salvaged and it turns out that an average cost of 45 cents per pound is incurred for any excess cherry. Using the single period inventory control model, the grocer finds out that the optimal order quantity is 148 pounds per day. a) What is the implied shortage cost per pound? b) Your answer from part (a) has been presented to Martha. She responds saying that the amount is too high and the actual unit shortage cost is far less. Does this suggest an increase or a decrease in the amount of cherries that should be ordered every day? Explain briefly (max 2 sentences please). c) Independent of part (a) and (b), if we assume that the marginal cost of being short is $2.15 /pound, what should be the optimal order quantity?
a) Implied Shortage Cost per pound = Cost per Pound of shortness/Order Quantity= 0.85 cents.
The shortage cost can be calculated by comparing the difference between the average cost of 45 cents and the price of each cherry to the optimal order quantity, which is 148 pounds. The result of this calculation is the implied shortage cost per pound, which is 0.85 cents.
b) As the actual unit shortage cost is lower than the implied shortage cost, this suggests that the amount of cherries ordered should be increased because the cost of not having enough cherries is lower than previously believed. When the actual unit shortage cost is lower than the implied shortage cost, it means that the cost of not having enough cherries is lower than previously believed. Therefore, the grocer should order more cherries to meet the increased demand.
c) The optimal order quantity = √[(2 × D × C0) ÷ Cm]= approximately 196 pounds. Cm represents the marginal cost of being short, which is $2.15/pound. C0 is the cost of excess or shortage, which is 45 cents/pound. D is the demand for cherries, which is 128 pounds/day. Using the formula, the optimal order quantity is about 196 pounds.
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thought i had it right. please some help.
What is the present value of a cash flow stream of \( \$ 1,000 \) per year annually for 12 years that then grows at \( 4.6 \) percent per year forever when the discount rate is 13 percent? Note: Round
The present value of the cash flow stream is approximately $7,692.31.
To calculate it, you can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity: PV = CF / (r - g), where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and g is the growth rate. Plugging in the values, PV = $1,000 / (0.13 - 0.046) = $7,692.31 (rounded).
The present value is determined by discounting the future cash flows back to the present using the discount rate. In this case, we have a cash flow stream of $1,000 per year for 12 years and then a perpetuity with a growth rate of 4.6%. We use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity, as the cash flows continue indefinitely. By plugging in the given values, we calculate the present value to be approximately $7,692.31.
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Explain frictional unemployment and cyclical unemployment.
Frictional unemployment and cyclical unemployment are two types of unemployment that can occur in an economy.
Frictional Unemployment: Frictional unemployment refers to temporary unemployment that occurs when individuals are in the process of transitioning between jobs or entering the workforce for the first time. It arises from the natural dynamics of the labor market, where individuals may be searching for better job opportunities, changing careers, or relocating. Causes of frictional unemployment include factors such as job search time, information gaps between job seekers and employers, and the time it takes to match individuals' skills and qualifications with available job openings. It is often considered a relatively short-term and voluntary form of unemployment as individuals are actively seeking employment but have not yet found a suitable job. Frictional unemployment can have some positive aspects, as it allows for job mobility, promotes better matches between workers and jobs, and fosters labor market efficiency. However, excessive levels of frictional unemployment can indicate inefficiencies in the job search process or structural issues in the labor market.
Cyclical Unemployment: Cyclical unemployment refers to unemployment that is directly related to fluctuations in the business cycle and overall economic conditions. It occurs when there is a decline in aggregate demand, leading to reduced production, layoffs, and a higher unemployment rate.
During economic downturns or recessions, businesses may experience decreased consumer demand for their goods and services, leading to a decrease in production and a need to lay off workers. This results in cyclical unemployment, as individuals lose their jobs due to the weak economy. Cyclical unemployment is closely tied to the overall health of the economy and tends to rise during economic contractions and fall during periods of economic expansion. It represents a mismatch between the number of available jobs and the number of individuals seeking employment.
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Jayne runs a small grocery store in a small town. As there are only a few customers, the store does not require to stock goods in large quantities. Explain why sourcing products from a wholesaler will be beneficial for Jayne.
Jayne runs a small grocery store in a small town. Since there are only a few customers, the store does not require stocking goods in large quantities. Sourcing products from a wholesaler will be beneficial for Jayne because it will enable her to keep her prices low.
As a result, Jayne will be able to compete more effectively with larger chain stores that sell goods at a lower cost. Wholesalers also have a large selection of goods available, which means that Jayne will be able to provide a wider variety of products to her customers. By sourcing products from a wholesaler, Jayne can also benefit from the wholesaler's expertise and knowledge, which can help her identify trends and make more informed buying decisions.
In addition, sourcing products from a wholesaler will save Jayne time and effort. Because wholesalers buy in bulk, they are able to negotiate better prices and more favorable terms with manufacturers. As a result, Jayne can buy products at a lower cost and in smaller quantities than if she were to purchase them directly from the manufacturer. This will reduce the amount of time and effort Jayne needs to devote to sourcing and buying products, which will free her up to focus on other aspects of her business.
Finally, sourcing products from a wholesaler will also enable Jayne to reduce her risk. Because wholesalers buy in bulk, they are able to spread their risk across multiple customers. This means that if a particular product does not sell well, Jayne will not be left with a large inventory of unsold goods.
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A true marketing decision support system (dss) possesses all of the following characteristics except
A true marketing decision support system (DSS) possesses all of the following characteristics except that it does not have a defined set of data and analytical tools.
A marketing decision support system (DSS) is a software application or tool that assists marketers in making informed decisions by providing them with relevant data, analysis, and models. It helps marketers gather, analyze, and interpret information to support their marketing strategies and tactics. A true marketing DSS typically possesses the following characteristics:
1. Data Integration: It integrates data from various sources, such as sales data, customer data, market research data, and external data, to provide a comprehensive view of the marketing environment.
2. Analysis Capabilities: It includes analytical tools and techniques to process and analyze the data, such as statistical analysis, data mining, predictive modeling, and simulation.
3. Interactive Interface: It offers an interactive user interface that allows marketers to explore data, perform analysis, and generate insights through visualizations, dashboards, and reports.
4. Decision Support: It provides decision support by generating recommendations, forecasts, and scenarios based on the analysis results. It assists marketers in evaluating alternative strategies and making data-driven decisions.
5. Flexibility and Adaptability: It is designed to be flexible and adaptable to changing marketing needs and requirements. It allows marketers to customize and configure the system to suit their specific needs and preferences.
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Financial ratio analysis is a widely used tool for assessing the
"health" of an organization and identifying any specific areas of
weakness within the operation that may require management
attention.
Financial ratio analysis is a widely used tool for assessing the "health" of an organization and identifying any specific areas of weakness within the operation that may require management attention.
Financial ratios are mathematical computations, and they allow the analyst to determine how effectively an organization is being run. A ratio is simply a comparison of two numbers, and financial ratios compare the various financial data that is available to assess how well the business is doing.
Ratio analysis is an essential part of financial analysis, and it allows investors and other stakeholders to evaluate the financial health of a company. The ratios used in ratio analysis may vary depending on the type of company being analyzed.
Commonly used ratios include liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, efficiency ratios, and debt ratios. Ratio analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating a company's financial health, and it is essential for anyone who wants to understand how well a company is doing.
In conclusion, financial ratio analysis is a content loaded tool that enables an analyst to determine how effectively an organization is being run. The ratios used in ratio analysis may vary depending on the type of company being analyzed.
Ratio analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating a company's financial health, and it is essential for anyone who wants to understand how well a company is doing.
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state 7 reasons why a developing countries should
invest in Human capital development
Developing countries should invest in human capital development because it leads to increased productivity, improved health and well-being, poverty reduction, economic growth, innovation, social development, and reduced income inequality.
1. Increased productivity: Investing in human capital development results in skilled and knowledgeable workers, which leads to increased productivity and efficiency in the workforce. This, in turn, boosts economic growth and development.
2. Improved health and well-being: Developing countries often face significant health challenges. By investing in human capital development, countries can improve access to healthcare and promote healthy behaviors, resulting in improved health and well-being for their citizens.
3. Poverty reduction: Education and skills development can help people escape poverty by improving their employability and income-earning potential.
4. Economic growth: Human capital development is a key driver of economic growth. By investing in education and skills training, countries can attract foreign investment, create new industries, and expand existing ones.
5. Innovation: Investing in human capital development can lead to innovation and technological advancements. Skilled workers can create new products and services, leading to increased competitiveness and growth.
6. Social development: Human capital development can promote social development by improving gender equality, reducing discrimination, and empowering marginalized communities.
7. Reduced income inequality: By providing access to education and skills training, developing countries can reduce income inequality by giving everyone the opportunity to improve their economic situation and standard of living.
Investing in human capital development is crucial for the economic and social development of developing countries. By investing in education and skills training, countries can increase productivity, reduce poverty, promote innovation, and improve the overall health and well-being of their citizens.
Human capital development also helps to reduce income inequality by providing everyone with equal opportunities to succeed. Developing countries can attract foreign investment, create new industries, and expand existing ones by investing in human capital development, which results in increased economic growth.
Human capital development is also crucial for social development, as it can help to reduce discrimination and promote gender equality. Overall, investing in human capital development is essential for the long-term growth and prosperity of developing countries.
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Indigo Manufacturing is considering adding a second production line to meet the market demand. In order to add the second production line, Indigo needs to purchase $1.2 million worth of new machinery and spend another $100,000 improvement on its current building. This new production line would produce 200,000 units, with expected sale price of $4.65 and a variable cost of $2.90 respectively for each unit. The required net working capital is $36,000. The fixed cost is $42,000 each year. By adding the second production line, the gross profit from the current production would be reduced by $29,000 each year. The salvage value for the machinery and building improvement would be $390,000 and 80,000 respectively. Indigo uses straight-line depreciation over the life of this project (5 years), its required rate of return is 15% and the tax rate is 34%. The total cash flow in year 5 would be closest to A. $748,885 B. $553,085 C. $582,070 D. $589,085 E. $618,740
Net present value [tex](NPV) = PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4 + PV5NPV = 3,051,383 + 2,651,008 + 2,300,929 + 1,998,257 + 1,748,888 NPV = $11,750,465[/tex]
The total cash flow in year 5 would be closest to $748,885 (Option A)
Therefore, the correct answer is A. $748,885.
Given, The cost of new machinery = $1,200,000Improvement on current building = $100,000
Net working capital = $36,000
Sale price per unit = $4.65
Variable cost per unit = $2.90
Annual fixed cost = $42,000
Gross profit from the current production will be reduced by $29,000 annually.
Salvage value of the machinery = $390,000
Salvage value of the building improvement = $80,000
Indigo uses straight-line depreciation over the life of this project (5 years)
Tax rate = 34%Required rate of return = 15%First, we will calculate the cash inflows.
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an accrual method corporation, produced a rock concert on december 28, 2022. gross reccipts were $400,000 and expenses were as follows: (i) cost of good sold $90,000, (it) cost of performers $100,000 and (ili) $75,000 cost of cleaning up the venuc which occurred on january 20, 2023. prince co. purchased the goods sold prior to december 28, paid the performers on the night of december 28 and paid the maintenance/clean up crew on january 20,2023. what is prince co. net income for tax purposes (from the concert) reported on its 2022 income tax return?
The $210,000 net income for tax purposes would be declared on Prince Co.'s 2022 income tax return. Income that is taxable is money that must be paid in taxes. Net income is the amount of income that remains after deducting all business costs, such as income taxes.
Given
Gross receipts: $400,000
Cost of goods sold: $90,000
Cost of performers: $100,000
Cost of cleaning: $75,000
Required to calculate the prince co. net income for tax purposes =?
Total expenses incurred in 2022: $90,000 (cost of goods sold) + $100,000 (cost of performers) = $190,000
Net income before cleanup expenses: $400,000 (gross receipts) - $190,000 (total expenses) = $210,000
Therefore, the net income for tax purposes reported on Prince Co.'s 2022 income tax return would be $210,000.
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investment would eam 321,320 for the company Read the reskirmments. First desamine the fomula to calculate the ROL. Requirements 1. What is the original return on investment (ROI) for Hoffman Ceramics (before making any additional investment)? 2. What would the ROI be for Hoffman Ceramics if this investment opportunity were undertaken? Would the manager of the Hoffman Ceramics division want to make this investment if she were evaluated based on ROI? Why or why not? 3. What is the ROI of the investment opportunity? Would the investment be desirable from the standpoint of Alderman Corporation? Why or why not? 4. What would the residual income (RI) be for Hoffman Ceramics if this investment opportunity were to be undertaken? Would the manager of the Hoffman Ceramics division want to make this investment if she were evaluated based on RI? Why or why not? 5. What is the RI of the investment opportunity? Would the investment be desirable from the standpoint of Alderman Corporation? Why or why not? 6. Which performance measurement method, ROI or RI, promotes goal congruence? Why?
1. The original return on investment (ROI) for Hoffman Ceramics before making any additional investment was 22.5%. This can be calculated as $67,500 divided by $300,000.
2. If Hoffman Ceramics undertakes this investment opportunity, the ROI will increase to 24.8%. This can be calculated as $388,320 divided by $1,567,500. The manager of the Hoffman Ceramics division would want to make this investment if evaluated based on ROI because the higher ROI indicates that the investment is beneficial and generates more income for the company.
3. The ROI of the investment opportunity is 14.99%, calculated as $321,320 divided by $2,142,150. The investment would be desirable from Alderman Corporation's standpoint because a positive ROI suggests that the investment is profitable and generates enough income to cover expenses and make a profit.
4. If the investment opportunity is pursued, the residual income (RI) for Hoffman Ceramics would increase to $141,320, calculated as $388,320 minus (15% multiplied by $2,142,150). If the manager of the Hoffman Ceramics division is evaluated based on RI, she would not want to make this investment since the residual income would be negative (-$8,680) without the investment.
5. The RI of the investment opportunity is $68,870, calculated as $321,320 minus (0.15 multiplied by $2,142,150). This indicates that the investment would be desirable from Alderman Corporation's standpoint.
6. The performance measurement method that promotes goal congruence is the residual income (RI) approach. This is because RI focuses on earning a profit above the cost of capital. By prioritizing profitability, it encourages management to engage in profitable investments, leading to overall growth and development of the company.
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Why do we conduct post hoc analysis in ANOVA?
A. To make a comparison on individual adjusted R-squares
B. To make a comparison of the individual group means
C. To make a comparison of the individual group scatter plots
D. None of the above
B. To make a comparison of the individual group means.Post hoc analysis, also known as pairwise comparisons, is conducted in ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to compare the individual group means after detecting a significant difference among the groups.
ANOVA provides an overall test of whether there are differences between the group means, but it does not indicate which specific groups differ from each other. Post hoc tests are performed to determine the specific pairs of groups that have significantly different means. These tests help provide a more detailed understanding of the differences among the groups and allow for more specific comparisons between individual group means. Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Options A and C are not accurate descriptions of post hoc analysis in ANOVA. Option D, "None of the above," is also incorrect as post hoc analysis is indeed performed for a specific purpose.
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You have been offered a unique investment opportunity. If you invest $10,000 today, you will receive $500 one year from now, $1,500 two years from now, and $10,000 ten years from now. a. What is the NPV of the opportunity if the cost of capital is 6.0% per year? Should you take the opportunity? b. What is the NPV of the opportunity in the cost of capital is 2.0% per year? Should you take it now? a. What is the NPV of the opportunity if the cost of capital is 6.0% per year? If the cost of capital is 6.0% per year, the NPV is $. (Round to the nearest cent.) Should you take the opportunity? (Select from the drop-down menu.) You take this opportunity. b. What is the NPV of the opportunity if the cost of capital is 2.0% per year? If the cost of capital is 2.0% per year, the NPV is $. (Round to the nearest cent.) Should you take it now? (Select from the drop-down menu.) You take this opportunity at the new cost of capital.
a) The Net Present Value (NPV) of the opportunity if the cost of capital is 6.0% per year is $3,311.28. The calculation for NPV is:
NPV = -10000 + 500/(1+0.06) + 1500/(1+0.06)² + 10000/(1+0.06)¹º
NPV = -10000 + 471.70 + 1291.08 + 5583.50
NPV = $3,311.28
As the NPV is positive, it is advisable to accept the opportunity.
b) The NPV of the opportunity if the cost of capital is 2.0% per year is $6,776.33.
You should take the opportunity at the new cost of capital.
The calculation for NPV is:
NPV = -10000 + 500/(1+0.02) + 1500/(1+0.02)² + 10000/(1+0.02)¹º
NPV = -10000 + 490.20 + 1457.89 + 7528.24
NPV = $6,776.33
As the NPV is positive, it is advisable to accept the opportunity at the new cost of capital.
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