how is it that atoms with more electrons, more to the right, can be smaller than those with fewer electrons, on the left side?

A representative element donates or accepts electron to gain stability. This is known as the octet rule. The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in order.

This process is called electron configurations and is the reason behind the formation of ions and chemical bonding.According to the octet rule, atoms usually gain or lose electrons in order to have eight electrons in their valence shell, which is their outermost energy level. For the majority of elements, an eight-electron complete valence shell is the most stable electron configuration. This is so because an atom's valence shell, which is its outermost shell, contains the electrons that participate in chemical reactions and bonding. To reach a complete valence shell, which is more stable than a partially filled shell, atoms will lose, acquire, or share electrons. It is for this reason that ions form and atoms interact chemically. Understanding and predicting the chemical behavior of elements is made easier by the octet rule.

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The ionic bonds in sodium chloride is the strongest bond as such the substance has the highest boiling point while the mercury has the weakest bond and the least melting point.

We have to note that the melting point of the solid has to do with the temperature at which the solid is converted into the liquid state. It is the temperature at which the bonds that are holding the particles of the substance would be broken.

In this case, we can see that the trends in the boiling points does reveal the kind of bonding intercation that we have in the compound. Given that there are strong ionic bonds in sodium chloride it has the highest boiling point.

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From the stoichiometry of the reaction 0.18 g of 1-hexanol is formed.by hydroboration oxidation .

By hydroboration, which involves diborane in tetrahydrofuran followed by treatments with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide, 1-hexene may be changed into 1-hexanol: Hexan-1-ol An alkene can become an alcohol by a two-step hydration reaction called the hydroboration-oxidation reaction.

The theoretical yield of a compound is its yield based on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

We must now obtain the number of moles of each reactant:

For hexane;

Mass of hexane = Density × volume = 93 mL × 0.673 g/mL = 62.589 g

Number of moles = 0.55 g/84 g/mol = 0.0065 moles

For borane;

Number of moles = concentration × volume = 1.00 M ×  1. 79 mL/1000 L = 0.00179 moles

Since the reaction is 1:1, borane is the limiting reactant, hence;

Number of moles of 1-hexanol = 0.00179 moles × 102 g/mol = 0.18 g

In the procedure, the double bond is replaced by the simultaneous addition of a hydrogen and a hydroxyl group.

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Answer:

When a liquid is 140° F it really only takes five or less seconds to produce a serious burn.

A balanced chemical equation describes a reaction where the number of each type of atom on one side of the equation is equal to the number of the same sort of atoms on the other side of the equation.

In other words, the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, obeying the rule of conservation of mass.

For instance, the balanced formula for the combustion of oxygen and methane is CH4 + 2 O2 -> CO2 + 2 H2O.

On either side of the equation, there are 1 carbon atom, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 4 oxygen atoms.

The chemical equation must be in balance in order to employ the right quantity of reactants and products and to forecast how much reactant will be used and how much product will be produced.

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Consider the following techniques to improve stability: mproving the foundation: Make certain that the foundation is strong, stable, and capable of sustaining the structure.

Maintaining balance: Keep the structure's weight equally distributed and balanced. Stress reduction: Avoid overstressing the structure and minimize current stress by suitable support and reinforcement. Material updates: Use materials that are recognized to be long-lasting and durable. Regular maintenance entails inspecting and maintaining the structure on a regular basis in order to discover and treat any concerns before they become big difficulties. Reduce dynamic loads: Keep vibrations and other dynamic loads to a minimum. Using suitable design: Ensure that the design takes into account the structure's stability needs. This is not a complete list, and the best method for boosting.

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Answer:

2NaOH + CO2 -----> Na2CO3 + H2O

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide is acid anhydride, so reacts like and acid with Sodium hydroxide is neutralisation reaction to form salt and water

When placed at the same temperature, the entropy of 10 mole of Ar(g) at 10.0 atm and the 10 mole of Ar(g) at 0.5 atm. The system has a higher entropy is 10 mole of Ar(g) at 0.5 atm.

The entropy is the measure the randomness of the of the system.  the measure of the system's thermal energy per unit the temperature that is not available for doing the useful work.

The Entropy will increases with temperature at the constant pressure. The  pressure increases leads to the higher degree of the order in the molecular arrangement. so, the entropy decreases with the increasing pressure.

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Water without much Calcium and Magnesium is known as Soft water.

Soft water has low concentration of Calcium carbonate and other ions. These are free from dissolved salts of metals like Calcium, Magnesium and other metals.

Hard water and soft water are differentiated based on their amount of Calcium and Magnesium constituents. Hard water has mineral stains , spots and feeling a film in your hands while washing it.

Soft water makes our clothes cleaner , water pressure heavily in the hands and a slight of Sodium taste in drinking water.

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In water, sodium bicarbonate dissolves to form sodium and bicarbonate which makes the solution alkaline, which means it can neutralize acid.

An acid is described as a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton, known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.

sodium bicarbonate is less soluble in water because the density of the water is more than the density of the sodium bicarbonate.

Acids are known to produce hydrogen ions and bases accept hydrogen ions.

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Isotopes are atoms that belong to the same element: 11 protons, 10 neutrons, 11 electrons, 13 protons 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons

An isotope is one of two or more atom types of a chemical element that share the same atomic number, position on the periodic table, chemical behavior, and physical properties, but differ in atomic mass. One or more isotopes can be found in any chemical element. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is the first criterion for determining its identity and labeling.

The observation that all atoms with the same atomic number have roughly the same chemical properties—if not exactly the same—gives this atomic number its significance. The symbol Z is typically used to represent this number. An ingot of pure uranium, for instance, only contains atomic number 92 atoms. Each atomic number has a place on the periodic table of elements, and each of these places is labeled with the element's common name, like calcium, radon, or uranium.

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The molarity of the solution prepared by mixing 25.0 mL of 0.375 M NaCl with 42.0 mL of a 0.632 M NaCl is 0.536 M

We'll begin by obtaining the mole of NaCl in both solutions. Details below:

For 0.375 M NaCl:

Molarity = number of mole / Volume

Cross multiply

Number of mole = molarity × volume

Number of mole of NaCl = 0.375 × 0.025

Number of mole of NaCl = 0.009375 mole

For 0.632 M NaCl:

Molarity = number of mole / Volume

Cross multiply

Number of mole = molarity × volume

Number of mole of NaCl = 0.632 × 0.042

Number of mole of NaCl = 0.026544 mole

Finally, we shall determine the molarity of the solution. Details below:

Molarity = mole / volume

Molarity = 0.035919 / 0.067

Molarity = 0.536 M

Thus, the molarity of the solution is 0.536 M

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If  He gas has an average kinetic energy of the 8150 J/mol under the certain conditions, the root mean square speed of O₂ gas molecules under the same conditions is  3.0 × 10²⁹ m/s.

The average kinetic energy  is expressed as :

K.E = 3 R T / 2

8150 = ( 3 × 8.314 × T ) / 2

16300 = 24.94 T

T = 653.5 K

The root mean square speed, Vrms = √(3kNaT ) /M

The root mean square speed, Vrms = √ ( 3 × 1.38 × 10⁻²³ × 6.023 × 10²³ ×

                                                                                   653.5 ) / 5.31 × 10⁻²⁶

The root mean square speed, Vrms = 3.0 × 10²⁹ m/s.

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The concentrations of the silver ion and chloride ion in the solution will not be affected by the addition of NaCl, as the solution is already saturated.

When a solution is saturated, it means that the maximum amount of solute (in this case, silver chloride) has been dissolved in the solvent (water) at a given temperature and pressure. Adding more solute (such as NaCl) will not cause any additional solute to dissolve, as the solution is already at its saturation point.

Therefore, the concentrations of the silver ion and chloride ion in the solution will not change as a result of adding more NaCl. It's important to note that adding more solvent (water) would decrease the concentration of the solute.

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Answer:

FeSO4 is the formula for iron(II) sulfate.

To determine the exact value of pK2 in this case, we can use the relationship between pH and pK, which states that the pH of a solution is equal to the pK of the acid with the lowest concentration when the acid and its conjugate base are in equilibrium.

Here, we know that the pH of the solution dropped from 8.00 to 3.20 after the addition of HCl. We can assume that the second group is now in the acid form since we know that the first ionizable group has a pK of 3.8, and the second group (pK2) is between 7 and 10, we can assume that the second group is now in the acid form.

We can use the relationship between pH and pK to calculate the exact value of pK2:

pH = pK2 = pKw / [H+] = 14.00 - log([H+])

3.20 = 14.00 - log([H+])

Solving for [H+], we find that [H+] = 1.0 x 10^-3.2

Now we can find the value of pK2 as:

pK2 = 14.00 - log(1.0 x 10^-3.2) = 14.00 - (-3.2) = 14.00 + 3.2 = 17.2

Therefore, the exact value of pK2 is 17.2.

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Answer:

waves that move through only solids and they are slower than P-Waves and they travel in an S type motion(cannot go through outer core because it is liquid)

Explanation:

Answer: to keep it strong

Explanation:

The prediction of chemical reaction is CO2 and H2O are the end products of every combustion reaction involving hydrocarbons or hydrogen-carbon-oxygen molecules (assuming a complete reaction).

a. C6H12 + 9O2 6CO2 + 6H2O during combustion

b. Combustion: 8CO2 + 6H2O from 2C4H6 + 11O2

c. Combustion: 6CO2 + 5H2O + C6H10O3 + 7O2

The predicting products of chemical reactions is The ability of human chemists to predict reactions' outcomes with acceptable certainty is amazing. These forecasts are, of course, founded on fundamental physical principles, but they are unquestionably not based on meticulous numerical calculations.

For example:-

1. Mg + I2 becomes MgI2.

The product must have a 1:2 cation:anion ratio since Mg can only form Mg2+ and I can only form I-.

2. Dual displacement: CuS + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2S

Be aware that the substance is not H2Cl2. Recognizing that CuCl2 is composed of three ions—Cu2+ and two Cl-—is crucial.

3. NaOH + HClO4 NaClO4 + H2O, or double displacement

You must understand that perchlorate (ClO4-) and hydroxide (OH-) are polyatomic ions in this question and won't disintegrate. Additionally, as this is an acid-base reaction, the end products ought to be salt and water.

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Complete question:

What is predicting product of chemical reaction.

Combustion:

a.  C6H12 + O2 =

b. Combustion: C4H6 + O2 =

c. Combustion: C6H10O3 + O2 =

Illustration of the missing intermediate and add curved arrows for the production of phenylethyne by the double dehydrohalogenation of 2,2-dibromoethylbenzene is given in the attachment.

Dehydrohalogenation is an elimination reaction used in chemistry to get rid of a hydrogen halide from a substrate. Although the reaction is frequently linked to the synthesis of alkenes, it has additional uses.

Alkyl halides have historically served as the substrates for dehydrohalogenations. Halides without a C-H bond on an adjacent carbon are not acceptable substrates for alkyl halides because they cannot produce an alkene.

Halides made of aryl are similarly inappropriate. Chlorobenzene dehydrohalogenates when subjected to a strong base, releasing phenol through a benzyne intermediate. Many alkyl chlorides change into the equivalent alkene when treated with a strong base. It is a kind of elimination reaction and is also known as a-elimination reaction.

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The entropy change of the given reactions can be determined from the entropies of each individual gases. The entropy change of the first reaction is - 389.74 J.

Entropy of a system is the measure of the total randomness of system. As the number of moles increases, the entropy increases.

The entropy change of a reaction is given as follows:

ΔSrxn = ∑s (products) -  ∑s (reactants)

For the given reactions, the entropy of each reactants and products are given and use their number of moles to calculate the reaction entropies as follows:

For reaction 1:

(2 ×192.5 J) - [(3×130.58) + (2× 191.5 J)]  = - 389.74 J/K

Reaction 2:

(2 ×188.83 J + 213.6 J) - 186.3 J + (2× 205 J)]  = - 5.04 J/K

Reaction 3:

(2 ×220 J) - 205 + (2× 191.5 J)]  = - 148 J/K

Therefore, the entropy change of the given reactions can be determined in this way. For all these reactions, the entropy is decreasing.

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The G1, S, and G2 stages of interphase, the mitotic phases of mitosis and cytokinesis, and the G0 phase make up the cell cycle.

The cell cycle is a four-step process in which the cell grows in size (gap 1, or G1, stage), duplicates its DNA (synthesis, or S, stage), gets ready to divide (gap 2, or G2, stage), and divides (gap 3, or S, stage) (mitosis, or M, stage). The period between cell divisions is represented by the stages G1, S, and G2, which together make up interphase.

The process through which cells multiply and divide into two new cells is known as the cell cycle. G1, S, G2, and M are the several cell cycle stages. The cell is getting ready to divide in the G1 stage. The cell next enters the S phase, where it duplicates all the DNA, to accomplish this.

There are five of these phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. As the final physical cell division after telophase, cytokinesis is frequently regarded as the sixth stage of mitosis.

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The energy of the electron is deposited at a point, just as if it was a particle. So while the electron propagates through space like a wave, it interacts at a point like a particle. This is known as wave-particle duality.

Only recently have scientists began to think of light as both a wave and a particle. Two major scientists that helped discover this property were Heinrich Hertz in 1887 and Albert Einstein in 1905.

Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave. It expresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behaviour of quantum-scale objects. As Albert Einstein wrote:

It seems as though we must use sometimes the one theory and sometimes the other, while at times we may use either. We are faced with a new kind of difficulty. We have two contradictory pictures of reality; separately neither of them fully explains the phenomena of light, but together they do.

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Answer: the direction of decreasing temperature

Using Boyle's law, As pressure is decreased, the volume will increase.

Boyle's Law describes how pressure and volume relate when the temperature is constant.

P1V1 = P2V2

When temperature is kept constant in this equation, pressure and volume have an inverse relationship.

When the volume is reduced, molecules have less room to move and collide more frequently, which raises the pressure. If the volume is increased, the molecules have more room to move, collisions occur less frequently, and the pressure is reduced.

The combined gas law, however, governs the connection between the three quantities when temperature is included.

As the gas volume decreases, the molecules hit the walls more frequently, raising the pressure; conversely, as the volume grows, the molecules must travel farther to contact the walls, reducing the frequency with which they do so and raising the pressure.

According to Boyle's law, a gas's pressure tends to decrease as its volume rises.

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A gas consisting of 25. 6 moles of carbon fills a volume of 128 L and has a pressure of 135 kPa. The temperature of the gas is -270.58°C.

The temperature of a gas can be found using the Ideal Gas Law, which states that PV = nRT. The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas to the number of moles of the gas present.

In this case, we are given the number of moles of the gas (n = 25.6 moles), the volume of the gas (V = 128 L), and the pressure of the gas (P = 135 kPa). We can use these values to find the temperature of the gas in degrees Celsius.

First, we need to convert the pressure from kPa to Pa. To do this, we multiply the pressure in kPa by 1000:

P = 135 kPa x 1000 Pa/kPa = 135 000 Pa

We can now substitute this value into the Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT

T = (nRT)/P

T = (25.6 mol * 8.314 J/mol.K) / (135 000 Pa)

T = 2.57 K

To convert from Kelvin to Celsius, we subtract 273.15 from the temperature in Kelvin:

T(°C) = T(K) - 273.15

T(°C) = 2.57 K - 273.15 = -270.58°C

So the temperature of the gas is -270.58°C

Please note that this is an ideal gas equation and it will not work for real gases. Also, the temperature is extremely low, it's unlikely that the gas can exist at that temperature.

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Answer;

1.Arrow A represents the process of photosynthesis.

2.This shows the process of light energy converting into chemical energy

3.Photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide and converts it into energy as biomass, so that its able to be used for something else later on.

Explanation:

Part I

At location G, the process of combustion is taking place where hydrocarbon or organic carbon from the fossil fuel is burnt in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as the products.

CxHy = CO₂ + H₂O

Part II

At point G there is no transformation of energy since during the process of combustion energy will still be stored in form of chemical energy in the bonds of carbon Iv oxide and the water produced during the reaction.

Part III

The process shows recycling of carbon in the carbon cycle. This is because carbon from living organisms is cycled to non living organisms. When plants and animals die and are buried deep in the ground, they are then slowly converted to fossil fuels which contain organic hydrocarbon compounds including petrol, kerosene and other compounds. Then the fossils are used in the industries and undergoes combustion releasing carbon iv oxide which is then released to the atmosphere and used by the plants and animals. The process starts once again.

it the same:]

Photosynthesis is a process by which plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use energy from the Sun to convert it into glucose.

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Answer:

How are the spheres of Earth interrelated? The four spheres of Earth are closely connected to each other. Birds(biosphere) fly through the air (atmosphere), and water (hydrosphere) flows through the soil (lithosphere or geosphere). The spheres of the earth are closely connected to each other.

a) Oxygen and Hydrogen That is accurate, indeed. An oxygen and hydrogen gas bubble will develop at the electrode in the experiment. This is due to the fact that during the electrolysis process, a material that

The chemical element with the atomic number 8 and symbol O is called oxygen. It belongs to the periodic table's chalcogen group, is a very reactive nonmetal, and an oxidising agent that easily produces oxides with most elements as well as other compounds. After hydrogen and helium, oxygen is the third most plentiful element in the universe and the most prevalent element on Earth. Two atoms of the element combine to generate dioxygen, a colourless and odourless diatomic gas with the formula O 2, at ordinary temperature and pressure. The Earth's atmosphere is now made up of 20.95% diatomic oxygen gas, however this has fluctuated significantly over a very long time. In the form of oxides, oxygen makes up over half of the Earth's crust. [3]

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The electronic configuration of the elements Si and Y in noble-gas notation is given below:

The arrangement of an atom's or molecule's electrons in their respective orbitals is known as its electron configuration.

The electronic configuration of Si and Y are derived from their atomic numbers.

The atomic number of Si is 14

The atomic number of Y is 39

The electronic configuration of Si is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p²

or [Ne] 3s²3p⁴ in noble-gas notation.

The electronic configuration of Y is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹5s²

or [Kr] 4d¹5s² in noble-gas notation.

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