How does education contribute to community development

No in order to have a democracy u need federalism

For those of us interested in the spread and consolidation of democracy, whether as policy makers, human rights activists, political analysts, or democratic theorists, there is a greater need than ever to reconsider the potential risks and benefits of federalism. The greatest risk is that federal arrangements can offer opportunities for ethnic nationalists to mobilize their resources. This risk is especially grave when elections are introduced in the subunits of a formerly nondemocratic federal polity prior to democratic countrywide elections and in the absence of democratic countrywide parties. Of the nine states that once made up communist Europe, six were unitary and three were federal. The six unitary states are now five states (East Germany has reunited with the Federal Republic), while the three federal states—Yugoslavia, the USSR, and Czechoslovakia—are now 22 independent states. Most of postcommunist Europe’s ethnocracies and ethnic bloodshed have occurred within these postfederal states.
Yet in spite of these potential problems, federal rather than unitary states are the form most often associated with multinational democracies. Federal states are also associated with large populations, extensive territories, and democracies with territorially based linguistic fragmentation. In fact, every single longstanding democracy in a territorially based multilingual and multinational polity is a federal state. [End Page 19]
Although there are many multinational polities in the world, few of them are democracies. Those multinational democracies that do exist, however (Switzerland, Canada, Belgium, Spain, and India), are all federal. Although all these democracies, except for Switzerland, have had problems managing their multinational polities (and even Switzerland had the Sonderbund War, the secession of the Catholic cantons in 1848), they remain reasonably stable. By contrast, Sri Lanka, a territorially based multilingual and multinational unitary state that feared the “slippery slope” of federalism, could not cope with its ethnic divisions and plunged headlong into a bloody civil war that has lasted more than 15 years.
In addition to the strong association between multinational democracies and federalism, the six longstanding democracies that score highest on an index of linguistic and ethnic diversity—India, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, and the United States—are all federal states. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic and linguistic diversity. In fact, in my judgment, if countries such as Indonesia, Russia, Nigeria, China, and Burma are ever to become stable democracies, they will have to craft workable federal systems that allow cultural diversity, a robust capacity for socioeconomic development, and a general standard of equality among their citizens.
Consider the case of Indonesia, for example. It seems to meet all the indicators for a federal state. It has a population of over 200 million, and its territory is spread across more than 2,000 inhabited islands. It has great linguistic and ethnic fragmentation and many religions. Thus it is near the top in virtually all the categories associated with federalism. If Indonesia is to become a democracy, one would think that it would have to address the question of federalism or decentralization. Yet at a meeting of Indonesian political, military, religious, and intellectual leaders that I attended after the fall of Suharto, most of the participants (especially those from the military) rejected federalism out of hand because of secessionist conflicts at the end of Dutch colonial rule. Indonesia should at least consider what I call a federacy to deal with special jurisdictions like Aceh or Irian Jaya. A federacy is the only variation between unitary states and federal states. It is a political system in which an otherwise unitary state develops a federal relationship with a territorially, ethnically, or culturally distinct community while all the other parts of the state remain under unitary rule. Denmark has such a relationship with Greenland, and Finland with the Aaland Islands.
A Misleading Picture of Federalism
In seeking to understand why some countries are reluctant to adopt federal systems, it is helpful to examine what political science has had [End Page 20] to say about federalism. Unfortunately, some of the most influential works in political...

Answer:

Explanation:

A Failure is when you fail something or you failed at something

Failure is the state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, and may be viewed as the opposite of success. The criteria for failure depends on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person might consider a failure what another person considers a success, particularly in cases of direct competition or a zero-sum game. Similarly, the degree of success or failure in a situation may be differently viewed by distinct observers or participants, such that a situation that one considers to be a failure, another might consider to be a success, a qualified success or a neutral situation.

Explanation:your welcome

Answer: you got this keep going hope this helps

Explanation: you got this keep going hope this helps

you got this keep going hope this helps

The development of the railroads was important because it made the movement of Goods faster and cheaper

When Railroad travel became faster then Railroad building boomed

The contrast between the two civilization is that early civilization in Fertile Crescent settles in fertile river valleys so that they could grow crops whereas the greeks civilization settled by the ocean for trade and travel

At the Fertile Crescent, the earliest civilization including the Mesopotamians settles in fertile river valleys because its allows them to practice agriculture and serves as sources of income for the region.

However, the Greek states developed because of the physical geography of the Mediterranean region that includes a landscape which is rocky, mountainous and has many islands.

These geographical formations formed the natural barriers between the city-states and forced them to settle along the coast.

The ancient greek's source of income also came from trade plyed at the Ocean route.

In conclusion, the contrast between the two civilization is that early civilization in Fertile Crescent settles in fertile river valleys so that they could grow crops whereas the greeks civilization settled by the ocean for trade and travel.

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Answer:

The main cause of the Russo-Japanese War was the territorial claims both countries made on Manchuria (an area partly in Russia and partly in China) and the Empire of Korea. ... The Russians had concluded a treaty with China for this in 1896 so that they could enter Chinese Manchuria without problems.

Explanation:

Although tensions in the region were far from over, the Russo-Japanese War did shift the balance of global power, marking the first time in modern history that an Asian nation had defeated a European one in military combat. It would also mark the beginning of warfare involving world powers in the Pacific region.

Answer:

to calm tensions created by the segregation of Japanese students in California

Explanation:

the article is created state,regional, and national courts throughout the land.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

King Solomon's prosperous and wise reign prospered Israel.

Answer:

d

Explanatidon:

i took the test

Answer:

The answer is D(Viceroys watched over the king's lands, increased his wealth, and carried out his will.)

Explanation:

Answer:

true

Explanation:

I think it's true :)

Answer:

B

Explanation:

It does not consist of Job duties and responsibilites, But it does consist of ranks, and rank lists.

EXAMPLE:

CEO

COO

etc.

Any two administrative reforms of Sher Shah are :-

◇ He introduced coins of gold (mohurs) and copper (dams) of uniform standards.

◇ Sher Shah also introduced the idea of a silver rupia of standard weight.

◇ He divided the Government into various departments and each department was placed under the supervision of a minister. The minister was helped by a number of officials. Sher Shah was the central head of the whole government.

______

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Sher Shah Suri was benevolent ruler and was one of the greatest administrators of medieval India. He introduced many reforms and on that basis Akbar built a superstructure of Mughal administration. His administration has been centralised administration just like sultanate period. He was the first Muslim ruler of India who displayed a real aptitude for civil government. Here, we are giving the summary of the administration of Sher Shah Suri, which can be used as revision capsule by the aspirants of different competitive exams.

It benefited the Japanese economy by providing a means for taxing farmers.

Answer: Its B

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Answer:

Tensional stress

Explanation:

Tensional stress, meaning rocks pulling apart from each other, creates a normal fault. With normal faults, the hanging wall and footwall are pulled apart from each other, and the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall.

Answer: The main purpose for the convention was for the federalists to basically brag about what they didn’t like about the war of 1812

Explanation:

American forces……………….

Answer: The religious persecution that drove settlers from Europe to the British North American colonies sprang from the conviction, held by Protestants and Catholics .

Explanation:

Answer:

according to the article of confederation they created a loose confederation b/w states and Central Government providing maximum powers to the states.

they divided the political powers in 3 parts

• executive

• legislative

• judicial

having the ability to influence it's agenda & affect decisions

establishes a system of check & balance in which power is divided to ensure that any of the branch becomes predominant.

But as states government was unwilling to give up any of their power , due to absence in authority of national govt. to face confrontation such as paying war dept , ending commercial disagreement , thrash out trades agreement with other nations.

Which are he main factor of drawbacks in this system.

And also Congress was unable to control commercial trades of USA and other nations making it complicated to protect or systematize the trade.

which could be a factor to weakened the countries economic state and many more.

hope this answer helps you dear! or may give u some sort of idea!.

checks and balances.

Answer:

D (checks and balances)

Explanation:

Lincoln's leadership in ending slavery in the country was a historic development that elevated the action portrayed in "Lincoln's Last Warning."

We can arrive at this answer because:

"Lincoln's Last Warning" shows Lincoln determined to cut down a tree and warning a man standing on top of that tree to get down before the tree is cut down.The tree represents slavery, which was completely rooted in the country and supported the southern states, which are represented by the man on top of the tree.

Lincon's leadership and determination to end slavery is what spurred the artist to draw "Lincoln's Last Warning." In this image, Lincoln shows the southern states that slavery will be ended and they must abandon it as soon as possible.

You can see "Lincoln's Last Warning" in the attached image.

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Answer:

An official banner authorized by the Department of Defense for display by families

Explanation:

Answer:

51 years old...........................

Napoleon was 51 years old when he died.

Enslaved African Americans resisted slavery in a variety of active and passive ways. ... Breaking tools, feigning illness, staging slowdowns, and committing acts of arson and sabotage--all were forms of resistance and expression of slaves' alienation from their masters. Running away was another form of resistance.

People also ask, How did slave resist slavery?. Many resisted slavery in a variety of ways, differing in intensity and methodology. Among the less obvious methods of resistance were actions such as feigning illness, working slowly, producing shoddy work, and misplacing or damaging tools and equipment.

In this regard, How many hours did slaves work a day?

On a typical plantation, slaves worked ten or more hours a day, "from day clean to first dark," six days a week, with only the Sabbath off. At planting or harvesting time, planters required slaves to stay in the fields 15 or 16 hours a day.

Where did the slaves escape to?

In general they fled to Canada or to free states in the North, though Florida (for a time under Spanish control) was also a place of refuge. (See Black Seminoles.) From the very beginning of slavery in America, enslaved people yearned to escape from their owners and flee to safety.

source; https://moviecultists.com/how-did-some-slaves-resist-the-self-definition-of-slave

Answer:

As a form of slave resistance to psychological oppression, the spirituals were used to limit the slaves' value to owners while enabling them to assert their worth as human beings. ... White owners and overseers advanced limiting definitions of the slaves and sought to convince them that they were fit only for slavery.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

The United States advanced an open-door policy to promote free and open trade in China. The Open Door policy was an international trade agreement between the United States and several foreign nations over trade with China.

Answer:

Explanation:

dunno

Answer:

World war 1 is the answer

Explanation:

.

The US participating in an international peace conference was was led to the Spanish American War.

What is international?

Beyond national borders is what is intended by international. Right just after Second World War, in 1945, the United Nations was established. It was a replacement for the league of nations, which has been established following World War One. The United Nations seeks to avert international conflict and promote international cooperation. There are 5 permanent members of the United Nations Security council United Kingdom, the United States of America, Russia, France, and China—as well as other non-permanent members who are chosen every two years.

The New Global Economic Order had been an idea that emerged with both the sudden realisation that economic growth was essential for the autonomy of the new countries, which was more often than not labeled as Developing Nations or LDCs. The Secretary General is by far the most important media personality of the UN.

What is war?

A battle between political groups is typified by hostilities that are intense and last for a long time. There are some further prerequisites. Sociologists often only use the word to describe these disputes when they start and are handled in line with socially acceptable norms. They view war as a legitimate institution that is sanctioned by law or custom. Typically, military authors restrict the phrase to hostilities where the warring parties are substantially equal in strength to pronounce the outcome.

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Answer:

c. to keep England from taking back power

Answer:

The British were trying to keep control of the city and control its valuable seaport.

Answer:

Explanation:The British were trying to keep control of the city and control its valuable seaport.

Answer:

The fundamental principle of the Articles of Confederation is the sovereignty and independence of the states. It made each state in America as independent body which is related by a mutual agreement.

Explanation:

Answer:

One significant way that Republican governments changed politics in the South during Reconstruction was by setting up state-supported schools, which were previously non-existent, with the exception of universities, in the South.

Explanation:

The answer is: George Washington