Explanation:
Biology is the study of human, animal, and plant life. Astronomy is the study of space. Geology is the study of rocks.
Answer:
Biology is th study of living things while astronomy and geology don’t study living things.
1. The histogram below shows the total estimated new breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2003.
Histogram
2. The results in this table below are from a 2007 study investigating BRCA mutations in women diagnosed with breast cancer. All of the women in the study had a family history of breast cancer.
BRCA Mutations in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer
BRCA1 mutation
BRCA2 mutation
No BRCA mutation
Total
Number of patients
89
35
318
442
Average age at diagnosis
43.9
46.2
50.4
Preventive mastectomy*
6
3
14
23
Preventive oophorectomy*
38
7
22
67
Number of deaths
16
1
21
38
Percent died
18
2.8
6.9
8.6
*A mastectomy is the surgical removal of one or both breasts, either partially or fully. An oophorectomy is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries.
Things to address in your summary essay:
Describe how mutations lead to genetic variations.
Which appears to be more dangerous: the BRC1 or BRC2 mutation?
Analyze a woman’s risk of dying of cancer if she carries a mutated BRC1 gene.
How do heredity and inheritance relate to the data presented in these charts?
What data would you need to see in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of preventive surgeries?
What does the age at diagnosis tell you about the mutation?
Explain how breast-cancer genes are still present in the population, despite cancer-related surgeries and deaths.
Answer:
Explanation:
Mutations are effectively errors in the DNA copying or transcription processes. They can occur naturally or be caused by mutagens, either chemical such as benzene or environmental such as ultraviolet light. These mutations concern the basses on DNA and can be as small as one base changing to another or as complex and detrimental as the insertion of a new base along the strand. Such mutations can drastically change the proteins created by an organism and affect entire chromosomes or genes. Some mutations that affect gametes can be passed down from parent to offspring and are called germline mutations. Such mutations can create entirely new alleles and increase a populations genetic variation. One such genetic mutation that occurs in humans in cancer. Cancers are errors in a cells DNA caused by mutations that allow the cell to grow and multiply uncontrollably copying the mutated DNA along the way. One specific type of cancer is breast cancer. Breast cancer has two different types of mutations. There are the BRCA 1 and 2 varieties. According to the charts, the BRCA 1 mutation appears to be more deadly. If a woman carries the BRCA 1 mutation, she has, once again according to the chart, an 18 percent chance of death. All of the women in the table above had a family history of cancer. This would point to the fact that cancer can be passed down as well as contracted from a certain type of mutagen known as a carcinogen. The table also references preventative surgeries in a number of women carrying both the BRCA 1 and 2 mutations as well as some without either. Unfortunately, given the data shown, it is impossible to determine the effectiveness of such procedures. To be able to judge this, data about the survival rates of women who underwent the procedures versus those who did not would be required. The bar graph above the chart also mentions ages. It shows that the numbers of cases of breast cancer increase rather quickly until ages 50-59 and then steadily and slowly decline. Most breast cancer cases occur in women 50-59 years old. This tells us that the mutation takes quite a few years to manifest as it is a genetic mutation and is furthered by the sufferers decreased ability to fight off carcinogens with age. If cancer can be removed by surgeries or by the death of the afflicted, why does it still exist in our population? The answer is simple. Cancer can be passed on hereditarily but that is not the only way for it to be contracted. Carcinogens that exist as chemicals or as environmental factors are present everywhere and can mutate one’s DNA and therefore genes. This can then be passed on to offspring as well.
Genetic variations occur as a result of recombination and mutation. Variations enable organisms to adapt to environmental conditions.
What do you mean by genetic variations?Genetic variations can arise from gene variants (also called mutations) or from a normal process in which genetic material is rearranged as a cell is getting ready to divide (known as genetic recombination).
The genetic diversity has three different sources: mutation, recombination and immigration of genes. Mutation is the driving force of genetic variation and evolution.
Genetic diversity is important because it gives species a better chance of survival. However, genetic diversity can be lost when populations get smaller and isolated, which decreases a species' ability to adapt and survive.
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There are two different types of cell transportation. Which of the following requires energy?
a. Facilitated Diffusion
b. Active Transport
c. Osmosis
d. Simple Diffusion
please help :))
Answer:
The type of cellular transport that requires energy is active transport (option b).
Explanation:
Active transport —unlike passive transport— involves the passage of molecules or substances through the membrane against a concentration gradient, a process that requires the use of energy.
In the case of active transport the energy for the process comes from the ATP molecule and the mechanism for this to be possible is by means of an ATPase incorporated into the transporter.
The transport of glucose and the sodium-potassium and calcium pumps are examples of this type of transport.
The other options are not correct because simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are passive transport mechanisms that do not require the use of energy.
6.L.14.4 Which is true of only animal cells?
A. Their cytoplasm contains organelles.
B. They do not have a rigid outermost layer.
C. The process of obtaining energy requires sugar.
D. They have organelles that are surrounded by membranes.
Only animal cells have the process of obtaining energy through sugar. Plants on the other hand undergo photosynthesis, which uses sunlight instead of sugar.
Hope this helps! Please correct me if I'm wrong :)
Answer:
B. They do not have a rigid outermost layer.
Explanation:
Several organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes are heterotrophs- this means that they obtain energy through breaking down organic molecules like sugar, and amino acids made by producers.
Animal cells are eukaryotic; all eukayoted may be single-celled, or multicellular, and contain a nucleus containing genetic material along with membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasms. Animal cells do not contain rigid cell walls, unlike other eukaryotic cell types like plant cells.
Which of the following statements about elements and atoms is true?
Atoms are the smallest unit of an element.
Atoms are made of particles called elements.
Elements are made of more than one type of atom.
Elements are changed into atoms by a chemical reaction.
Answer:
Atoms are the smallest unit of an element
Explanation:
There's nothing smaller than atoms!!!!
The statement that is true about elements and atoms is Atoms are the smallest unit of an element. The correct option is A.
What are elements?Elements are chemical species that are made up of atoms, that contain nuclei with a specific number of protons in them. Chemical elements are present in the periodic table.
Atoms are the smallest partial form of which the elements are made up. They contain charged particles, like electrons, neutrons, and protons. Every element is composed of many atoms.
The statement is true that atoms are the smallest unit of elements. Every atom is divided into two parts, orbitals, where electrons are present, and the nucleus where the electrons revolve around them.
Thus, the correct option is A. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element.
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Read the article and use the information to answer the question that follows.
Forensic DNA
How can DNA be used to help solve a crime?
Answer:
Each person’s DNA is unique.
Scientists use variable regions in DNA to create a DNA profile.
DNA samples can be taken from blood, bone, hair, or other body tissues and
products.
DNA from a crime scene can be compared to DNA from a suspect.
DNA typing can be used to solve old cases.
Explanation:
edge 2021
DNA can be used to solve a crime as the sample of the DNA of a person can be compared to the evidence that's gotten from a crime scene.
Deoxyribonucleic acid which is commonly referred to as DNA is the molecule that has all the information that's vital to build an organism. Each person’s DNA is unique.
DNA contains the genetic information of everyone. DNA samples can be taken from blood, bone, hair, or other body tissue.
To solve a crime, DNA from a crime scene can be compared to DNA from a suspect. If the DNA collected is the same as the one that's seen at the crime scene, then it shows that the person is responsible for the crime.
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When going to a higher power, where should the object be placed in the field of view?
Answer:
Return to the previous (lower power) objective.
Center the object in the field of view.
Go to the higher power objective and use only the fine focus.
Explanation:
Please help me :((
Please answer A , B, and c
Which two types of clouds usually do not produce rain or snow?
A. Altostratus
B. Cumulonimbus
C. Cirrus
D. Cumulus
Answer:
It is b or option 2, Cumulonimbus
Answer:
The answer is C and D
Explanation:
They do not produce ANY rain or snow they are the peaceful clouds sometimes little drips but most of the time basically all the time it is clear sky!
1) What two criteria are needed for triangles to be similar?
a)
b)
Explanation:
do you have a photo to choose a and b please?
who wants free food?????
meeeeeeeeeee im hungry
Answer:
oop me
Explanation:
ฅ^•ﻌ•^ฅ also look at what a cute kitty
Which structure in a cell makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
Answer:
Ribosomes
Explanation:
Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. The nucleus gives coded instructions to the ribosomes, so they know what proteins to build.
Match the following terms and definitions.
1. cross-breeding; a method that unionizes gametes of differing genes to create a new individual
recombinant DNA
2. cultured DNA molecules from different biological sources
hybridization
3. a process of breeding organisms because of their specific traits
selective breeding
Answer:
Hybridization - a method that unionizes gametes of differing genes to create a new individual
Recombinant DNA - cultured DNA molecules from different biological sources
Selective breeding - a process of breeding organisms because of their specific traits
Explanation:
In biology, hybridization is the process of creating a hybrid by combining gametes of different species or varieties. An example of a hybrid is a liger - an offspring of a lion and a tiger.
Recombinant DNA is DNA created in the process of genetic recombination. Genetic material from multiple sources is combined, creating sequences that do not occur in the genome naturally.
Selective breeding is the process of breeding organisms with desirable characteristics. For example, a good dog breeder will breed only two completely healthy dogs in order to make sure that the puppies don't have any health issues often associated with the breed.
Hybridization - a method that unionizes gametes of differing genes to create a new individual
Recombinant DNA - cultured DNA molecules from different biological sources
Selective breeding - a process of breeding organisms because of their specific traits
The properties of carbon atoms allow carbon to easily bond to other carbon atoms to form _____ and complex macromolecules with unique structures and special functions.
Very Large or
Very Small
The properties of carbon atoms allow carbon to easily bond to other carbon atoms to form very small and complex macromolecules with unique structures and special functions.
What do you mean by Macromolecules?Macromolecules may be defined as biological molecules which carry a large number of atoms in them.
A Carbon atom has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. to form small or large and complex molecules.
Therefore, the properties of carbon atoms allow carbon to easily bond to other carbon atoms to form very small and complex macromolecules with unique structures and special functions.
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Where dose plastic come from?
Answer:
Plastics are derived from natural, organic materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and, of course, crude oil. Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds and needs to be processed before it can be used. The production of plastics begins with the distillation of crude oil in an oil refinery.
Explanation:
Copies of chromosomes are called____
1) platelets.
2)sister chromatids.
3)stem cells.
4) macrophages.
Answer:
option 2
Explanation:
because there divide
(TRUE OR FALSE)
As discoveries were made that couldn't be explained by spontaneous generations, scientist came up with an updated version of the spontaneous generation model?
PLZ HELP WILL BRAINLIEST
IF U DONT KNOW THE ANSWER DONT U DARE
Answer: I'm pretty sure this is true
Explanation:
Your body always needs energy. What do you use first, second, and third for energy?
Answer:
eat drink water take a shower take a walk
Answer:
first: glucose
second: starches
third: fats
Explanation:
Write the common food chain of a pond ecosystem.
Explanation:
In a freshwater aquatic ecosystem like a pond, the organisms in the food chain include algae, small animals, insects and their larvae, small fish, big fish and a fish-eating bird or animal
pls mark brainliest
Answer:
Thanks for the points <3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Explanation:
tkhthy
What are the primary of water pollution
It occurs when foreign harmful materials like chemicals, waste matter, or contaminated substances are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies. ... Any alterations in the chemical, physical, or biological water properties qualify as water pollution.
A biologist was given a sample of an unknown organic macromolecule and 4 points
asked to determine the class of organic macromolecules to which it
belonged. The chart shown below represents the results of the biologist's
analysis of the sample. Based on these results, to which class of organic
macromolecules did this sample belong?*
Element
С
H
Number of Atoms per
molecule
6
12
6
0
0
0
K
N
P
Protein
O Carbohydrates
Lipids
0 Nucleic Acid
Answer:
CarbohydratesExplanation:
Glucose is an organic molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. This simple sugar has the formula C6H12O6 - 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms and is used as an essential means of obtaining chemical energy through various forms of respiration.
Polysaccharides are long chain carbohydrates. These are formed from the sugar monomer glucose, in its ringed formation. The successive molecules form 1,4-glycosidic bonds.
What is insulin and why do people with Type 1 diabetes need it to survive?
Answer:
Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells. Inside the cells, glucose is stored and later used for energy. With type 1 diabetes, beta cells produce little or no insulin.
A student constructs a Venn diagram to compare the organelles in plant and animal cells.
Venn Diagram of Plant and Animal Cells
A Venn Diagram is shown. One circle is labeled Animal only, the other circle is labeled plant only, and the overlapping section is labeled both.
Which organelle should be listed under “Animal Only” in the diagram?
A. nucleus
B. centriole
C. ribosome
D. cell wall
The Answer to "
A student constructs a Venn diagram to compare the organelles in plant and animal cells. Venn Diagram of Plant and Animal Cells A Venn Diagram is shown. One circle is labeled Animal only, the other circle is labeled plant only, and the overlapping section is labeled both. Which organelle should be listed under “Animal Only” in the diagram? nucleus centriole ribosome cell wall"
Is B. Centriole
Answer: centriole
Explanation: A
_____ allow the stomach to stretch. A. Gastric glands B. Palatines C. Gastric rugae D. Villi
Answer:
C) Gastric Rugae
Explanation:
Rugae both allow the stomach to stretch in order to accommodate large meals and help to grip and move food during digestion.
Answer:
C. Gastric Rugae
Explanation:
The inner layer of the stomach is full of wrinkles known as rugae (or gastric folds). Rugae both allow the stomach to stretch in order to accommodate large meals and help to grip and move food during digestion.
A carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants:
Answer:
cellulose
Explanation:
Help me with this
A . Name the separation technique that can be used to separate lighter particles and heavier particles. Explain the principle behind this separation method
Answer:
Purification techniques
Answer:
It is just the techniques purification
Explanation:
By which process does yeast produce the carbon dioxide responsible for bread rising?
A. Photosynthesis
B. glycolysis
C. cellular respiration
D. dehydration synthesis
Answer:
C. cellular respiration
Explanation:
Yeast produces the carbon dioxide responsible for bread rising by CELLULAR RESPIRATION
WHICH ORGANISM IS CALLED YEAST?
Yeast is an eukaryotic unicellular organism that belongs to the kingdom fungi. Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which living organisms obtain energy in form of ATP by breaking down organic and inorganic substances.HOW DOES YEAST RESPIRE?
Yeast respires anaerobically via a kind of cellular respiration called FERMENTATION. In the process of fermentation, glucose is broken down to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2). In bread making, yeast is used to make dough rise. The carbon dioxide (CO2) produced during cellular respiration is what is responsible for the rising of bread.Learn more at: https://brainly.com/question/3126347
Recall what you know about nervous tissue to answer the following questions. Nervous tissue can generate and conduct ____ signals that control the body.
answer choices are:
chemical
electrical
thermal
Answer:
Nervous tissue can generate and conduct electrical signals that control the body.
Explanation:
The neuron is the specialized cell that provides function to nerve tissue. Given the structure of the neuron, this cell is capable of creating and conducting information in the form of electrical impulses or signals, by depolarizing its cell membrane and generating action potentials.
The information generated and transmitted by the neurons allows the nervous system to obtain internal and external information of the organism, as well as to control all the body functions.
The other options are not true because nerve tissue does not generate or conduct thermal or chemical signals to perform its function.
Answer:
Part 1: electrical
Part 2: A, B, E
Explanation:
did it on edg.
What are DNA and RNA are made of?
9. Which is younger, the
trilobite or ammonite?
10.
Fm
Ž ZIZI
Explanation:
VDD d d
Radicals um8un8uunbt v
what do you think causes different phenotypes in organisms how does the phenotype depend on its genes (genotype)
Answer:
They difference in phenotypes is dependent on the genes. The more dominant gene will overpower a recessive gene, or if there are two recessive genes together, that will be the phenotype. When things are cross breaded they introduce different genotypes that allow for different looking phenotypes.
Example: Dominant blue flower (Bb) mixed with recessive yellow flower (bb)
B b
b Bb bb
b Bb bb
There is a 50/50 chance the offspring will be either blue or yellow
The differences in phenotypes are determined by genes. The more dominant gene will completely overwhelm a recessive gene, or if two recessive genes coexist, the phenotype will be that. When things are crossbred, unique genotypes are introduced, allowing for different-looking phenotypes.
What is phenotype?A "phenotype" is simply an observable trait. "Pheno" simply means "observe," and it derives from the same root as "phenomenon."
The differences in phenotypes are determined by genes. The more dominant gene will completely overwhelm a recessive gene, or if two recessive genes coexist, the phenotype will be that.
When things are crossbred, unique genotypes are introduced, allowing for different-looking phenotypes.
Thus, in this way, phenotype is dependent on genotype of the organism.
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