Historically, during and in the immediate aftermath of recessions, when the economy was still recovering, the Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate.
The correct option is decreased.
By decreasing the federal funds rate, the cost of borrowing money becomes cheaper for banks, which in turn, allows them to provide loans with lower interest rates to businesses and consumers. This encourages spending and investments, as it becomes more affordable for people to borrow money and invest in various sectors of the economy.
Moreover, reducing the federal funds rate can help combat inflation. In a recession, the demand for goods and services decreases, leading to lower prices and reduced inflationary pressures. By cutting interest rates, the Federal Reserve aims to maintain a healthy level of inflation and stabilize the economy.
In summary, the Federal Reserve decreases the federal funds rate during and after recessions to stimulate economic growth, encourage borrowing and investments, and control inflation, thereby aiding in the recovery of the economy.
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Identify two reasons that German leaders were unhappy after signing the Treaty of Versailles.
Answer:
The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, imposed significant penalties and restrictions on Germany. Two reasons why German leaders were unhappy with the treaty are:
Reparations: The treaty required Germany to pay large sums of money in reparations to the Allied powers, as compensation for the damage caused by the war. The amount of the reparations was set at 132 billion gold marks, a sum that Germany could not afford to pay. The burden of the reparations payments placed a significant strain on the German economy, contributing to hyperinflation and economic instability in the years following the war.Territorial Losses: The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to cede significant territories to the Allied powers, including Alsace-Lorraine, which was returned to France, and parts of Germany's eastern territories, which were transferred to Poland. These territorial losses were seen as a humiliation by many Germans, as they felt that their national pride and identity had been compromised. The loss of territory also had economic consequences, as Germany lost access to valuable natural resources and industrial centers.Overall, the Treaty of Versailles was a source of resentment and frustration for many Germans, who saw it as a harsh and unfair punishment for their country's role in the war. These grievances contributed to the rise of extremist political movements, such as the Nazi Party, which capitalized on popular discontent with the treaty and its aftermath.
Answer:
Germany was blamed for causing world war I and they resented the reparations that Germany had to pay.
Hope it helped :D
americans justified the forced removal of native americans to lands west of the mississippi river because: question 1 options: a) smallpox epidemics had devastated native communities and white reformers hoped moving them to reservations would make it easier to inoculate them. b) they believed white farmers would make better use of the land and resources than the indigenous inhabitants. c) the lands in the great plains were more fertile for indian crops like corn, so removal was actually seen as providing nutritional benefits to natives. d) all of the above.
The Americans justified the forced removal of Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi River because they believed white farmers would make better use of the land and resources than the indigenous inhabitants.
This refers to the concept of Manifest Destiny, which was a belief prevalent in the 19th century that the expansion of the United States was both justified and inevitable. Many white Americans believed that they had a God-given right to the land and resources of North America, and that the indigenous inhabitants were obstacles to this expansion. As a result, the US government forcibly removed Native American tribes from their ancestral lands and relocated them to reservations in the west. This policy was enforced through the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which resulted in the infamous Trail of Tears, during which thousands of Native Americans died while being forcibly relocated. The justification for this policy was often framed in terms of "civilizing" the Native Americans, but in reality, it was driven by a desire for land and resources.
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Please Help With This
1. We can see here that completing the sentences, we have:
a. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great Britain with American Indians fighting for both sides.
b. The war began because U.S. ships trading in Europe were being seized.
c. In the south, only the Creek fought the United States.
d. Only the Native American tribes lost territory because of the war.
What is War of 1812?The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain from June 1812 to February 1815. It is also known as the Second War of Independence or the Anglo-American War. The war was primarily fought over maritime rights and territorial expansion, with the United States seeking to expand its territory into Canada and Great Britain attempting to maintain its control over North America.
2. Completing the table, we have:
Battle Location Year
1. Ft. Dearborn Illinois Territory, near Lake Michigan 1812
2. Thames River Upper Canada, near Lake Erie 1813
3. Lake Champlain Mississippi Territory 1814
3. Numbering the events from first to last.
1. Battle of Tippecanoe
2. Washington, D.C., is burned.
3. Battle of New Orleans
4. York is burned.
5. Treaty of Ghent is signed.
6. "Star Spangled Banner" is written.
4. a. The statement "Only American Indians who fought for the British were removed" is false. In fact, all Native American tribes were subject to removal, regardless of their allegiance during the American Revolution or any other conflict.
b. The statement "Reservation lands were located west of the Mississippi River" is true. After being forcibly removed from their ancestral lands, many Native American tribes were relocated to designated reservation lands in Indian Territory, which was located west of the Mississippi River.
c. The statement "American Indians accepted the removal" is false. Many Native Americans resisted relocation and removal, leading to numerous conflicts and battles between tribes and the U.S. government.
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what does robert putnam believe is the single most important consequence of the television revolution of the latter part of the 20th century?
Answer: What does Robert Putnam believe is the single most important consequence of the television revolution of the latter part of the 20th century? ((People stayed home and watch TV and have less interaction with others.))
Explanation: sorry if this isn't what your looking for!
but hope it helps at least a bit!
Which correctly matches an important figure from the Byzantine Empire with an action they took?
A. Justinian I moved the capital of the empire to Constantinople
B. Empress Theodora banned the use of icons.
C. Saint Cyril studied thousands of books to organize a new law code.
D. Belisarius developed a strong military that conquered lands for the empire.
A. Justinian I moved the capital of the empire to Constantinople- correctly matches an important figure from the Byzantine Empire with an action they took.
In order to improve accountability and decrease corruption, Justinian reorganized the Byzantine Empire's administration and implemented a number of reforms.
Hence, option A. is the right choice.
What was famous about the Byzantine Empire?The Byzantine Empire's preservation of Greek and Roman culture throughout the Middle Ages is its most significant legacy. Greek science, philosophy, art, and literature were all incorporated into Byzantine culture along with Christian religious beliefs. The Roman achievements in engineering and law were also expanded upon.
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what technological development made the large-scale cultivation of short-staple cotton possible? multiple choice question. automatic reaper steel plow cotton gin
The technology development that made the large-scale cultivation of short-staple cotton possible was the cotton gin.
The cotton gin was a machine that revolutionized the cotton industry by automating the process of separating cotton fibers from their seeds. Before the cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in 1794, the process of removing the seeds from cotton fibers was labor-intensive and time-consuming, requiring large amounts of manual labor. With the cotton gin, the process became much faster and more efficient, allowing cotton to be processed on a much larger scale.
The invention of the cotton gin made it profitable to grow short-staple cotton, a variety that had previously been considered unprofitable due to the difficulty of separating the fibers from the seeds. As a result, cotton production in the southern United States increased dramatically, making cotton a major cash crop and contributing to the growth of the American economy in the 19th century. However, the cotton gin also had negative consequences, as the increased demand for cotton led to an increase in the use of slave labor in the southern states.
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\which american film of the 1930s used editing and framing to create images of collective triumph somewhat reminiscent of soviet films of the same era?
The American film that used editing and framing to create images of collective triumph somewhat reminiscent of Soviet films of the same era is "Gone with the Wind" (1939).
The film's iconic scene of Scarlett O'Hara standing among hundreds of wounded Confederate soldiers and declaring "As God is my witness, I'll never be hungry again!" is a prime example of this technique. The film's use of sweeping camera movements, dramatic music, and tight editing helped to create a sense of unity and triumph among the characters, similar to the collective spirit often depicted in Soviet films of the time. The American film of the 1930s that used editing and framing to create images of collective triumph somewhat reminiscent of Soviet films of the same era is "The Crowd" (1928) directed by King Vidor. Although released slightly before the 1930s, it employed techniques similar to those seen in Soviet films to emphasize the power of the collective spirit.
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what finally prompted the armistice in the korean war? what were the costs of this war: human, monetary, political?
The Korean War ended with an armistice in 1953 due to a military stalemate and international pressure. The war had a high human cost and economic costs exceeding $1 trillion. It led to a continued division of Korea and shaped the geopolitical landscape of East Asia for decades.
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel into South Korea, leading to a United Nations-led military intervention to support South Korea.
However, the war reached a stalemate by 1951 with little territorial gain made by either side. International pressure, including the threat of Chinese intervention and Soviet diplomatic efforts, led to negotiations for a ceasefire. It was only after two years of negotiations that the armistice agreement was signed on July 27, 1953.
The human cost of the war was significant, with an estimated 2.5 million civilian and military casualties. Many Koreans were displaced from their homes, with families separated by the border between North and South Korea. The economic cost of the war exceeded $1 trillion in today's currency, and the division of Korea had significant political implications, shaping the geopolitical landscape of East Asia for decades to come.
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Please help me I don’t know
The armies of North Vietnam and South Vietnam differed in several ways such as:
North Vietnamese army was a well-trained, well-organized, and highly motivated fighting force.South Vietnamese army was plagued by corruption, poor leadership, and low morale. Both sides experienced significant casualties during the war. How did the North and South Vietnamese compare?The North Vietnamese army, known as the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), was a well-trained, well-organized, and highly motivated fighting force. It was composed of a mix of regular troops and guerrilla fighters who used guerrilla tactics and were highly effective in their ability to adapt to changing situations on the battlefield.
In contrast, the South Vietnamese army, known as the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), was plagued by corruption, poor leadership, and low morale. Its troops were poorly trained and equipped, and it relied heavily on U.S. military aid and support.
One similarity between the armies of North Vietnam and South Vietnam was that both sides experienced significant casualties during the war.
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What impacted the African continent the most from the end of the nineteenth century through the early twentieth century? a. European imperialism b. The spread of Islam c. The end of colonial empires d. The transatlantic slave trade
European imperialism affected the African continent the most from the end of the Nineteenth century through the early twentieth century. Thus, option A is correct.
During this time period, European dominion countries like Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Italy, contested for control over African colonies for Scramble for Africa for slavery. The continent was split among European powers through various deals, like Berlin Conference, racial, etc.
This period of European imperialism held deep and enduring results on the African continent, including the removal of African societies, the exploitation of natural resources, the imposition of European political and monetary systems, and the organization of colonial rule that survived until the mid-20th century.
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meiji reformers chose to model the new japanese government of the late 1800s after the government of
a. the United States. b. Great Britain. c. Germany.
d. the Netherlands
Answer: C Germany
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP
DUE WEDNESDAY
2. What are the requirements to run for Senate? 3. What are the requirements to run for the House of Representatives? 4. What is the best known job of Congress?
Answer:
2)
- must be at least 30 years of age
- have been a citizen of the US for at least 9 years
- must be a resident of the state they represent
3)
- must be at least 25 years of age
- been a US citizen for at least 7 years
- must be a resident of the state and/or district they represent
4) The Congress is most known for making laws
which of the following was not a result of clovis' conversion to catholicism? non-frankish catholics had an easier transition to clovis' rule. when all franks converted to catholicism, it united them. the church became his ally. the frankish population became well educated.
The statement the Frankish population became well educated was not result of Clovis' conversion to the Catholicism.
What is Catholicism?Catholicism is a branch of Christianity that traces its origins to the teachings and traditions of Jesus Christ and his apostles. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one true church founded by Jesus, and it has a hierarchical structure led by the Pope, who is considered to be the Bishop of Rome and the spiritual leader of the Catholic faithful. The Catholic Church places great emphasis on the sacraments, which are believed to confer grace and enable believers to participate in the divine life of God. Catholics also place a high value on tradition, including the veneration of saints, the use of holy water and incense, and the celebration of the liturgy in Latin.
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What contrasts does source 7 draw China and Europe
The differences in prevailing values, economies, demographics, technology, commerce, and politics between China and Europe.
What is contrasts?
To compare or set off dissimilar things or objects in order to emphasize their differences is to use contrast. It can also be used to describe how clearly one object or another differs from another. Contrast, which can be a verb or a noun, is frequently used to contrast and show the differences between two or more objects.
The cultural beliefs and traditions of Europe and China are in contrast, which might make it difficult to cooperate politically or in business. Additionally, there are sectors where China and Europe may cooperate and complement one another, as in commerce and investment.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably the full question was.
What contrasts does between China and Europe? Given these differences, which region would likely be more motivated to maintain the status quo (keep things as they are)? Why?
1. Government determines the number of farmers. Command or Market Economy?
2. In a command economy the wealth of the nation is shared equally. How is shared equality a benefit? How is it unfair?
Mikhail Gorbachev attempted to make a political and economic change in the 1980s. Describe them.
Glasnost:
Perestroika:
Boris Yeltsin implements “shock therapy” in Russia’s economy. What is that?
Why do you think communist command economies collapsed in competition with free market economies?
What role do you think competition played?
Answer:
it is unfair to the people. shock therapy is where the person sends little shock waves through your body.
Explanation:
In the great growing season of the High Middle Ages, what region benefited more than any other in Europe?
France
america
russia
japan
During the great growing season of the High Middle Ages, the region that benefited more than any other in Europe was France. The period of the High Middle Ages, roughly from the 11th to the 13th century, saw a significant increase in agricultural productivity.
in Europe due to several factors, including a warmer climate, new farming techniques, and improved irrigation systems.In France, these developments led to a significant expansion of agricultural production, particularly in the northern and central regions of the country. The introduction of new crops such as beans and peas, along with the use of the three-field system of crop rotation, helped to increase yields and improve soil fertility.The increase in agricultural productivity in France had several important consequences, including population growth, urbanization, and the expansion of trade and commerce. The surplus food produced by French farmers helped to support the growth of towns and cities, as well as the development of a market economy.Overall, the great growing season of the High Middle Ages had a transformative impact on European society, and France was one of the regions that benefited the most from these developments.
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What internal factors caused the collapse of empires in the early 20th century?
Economic decline, political instability, and military weaknesses led to the collapse of empires in the early 20th century.
The empires of the early 20th century, such as the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Russian Empire, faced significant internal challenges that ultimately led to their collapse. Economic decline, due to factors such as outdated economic systems and competition from industrialized nations, weakened their financial stability.
Political instability, including ethnic and nationalist tensions, weakened their authority and caused social unrest. Military weaknesses, including outdated technology and poor leadership, made it difficult to defend against external threats. These internal factors, combined with external pressures such as World War I, ultimately caused the collapse of these empires and the redrawing of national boundaries.
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How has the growth of labor productivity in the US enabled businesses and workers to earn more over time, while also providing consumers with better and lower-priced products?
The growth of labor productivity in the US has enabled businesses and workers to increase their output, leading to increased wages and profits.
This increased output has also allowed businesses to reduce prices and produce better products. In particular, the use of technology and automation has allowed businesses to produce more goods with fewer inputs, resulting in lower prices and higher quality products.
This has led to increased consumer spending, which has bolstered the economy and further increased wages and profits. In short, the growth of labor productivity in the US has been a win-win situation for businesses, workers, and consumers.
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1. estonia was an independent country until 1939 when stalin and hitler signed the molotov-ribbentrop pact that had a secret clause dividing europe between the two nations. soviet troops soon occupied estonia as a result of this pact. after the soviet troops invaded estonia there was one soviet solider for about how many estonians? group of answer choices 1 soviet solider for every 5 estonian 1 soviet solider for every 18 estonian 1 soviet solider for every 12 estonian 1 soviet solider for every 10 estonian
After the Soviet troops invaded Estonia in the 1940, there was approximately one Soviet soldier for every 12 Estonians.
What are troops?Troops refer to a group of soldiers or military personnel organized and trained for combat, often under the command of a higher-ranking officer. These individuals are equipped with weapons and gear to carry out their duties, which may include defending their country, supporting allies, or engaging in offensive operations. Troops can be composed of various branches of the military, such as the army, navy, air force, or marines. They may be deployed to different locations within their own country or to foreign countries as part of a military mission. Troops undergo rigorous training to prepare them for the physical and mental demands of combat, including weapons training, physical fitness, and tactical strategy.
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The Virginia Plan proposed to give more power to the national government, a bicameral legislature, and the number of both houses would be determined by population. True or false
True that the Virginia Plan proposed to give more power to the national government, a bicameral legislature, and the number of both houses would be determined by population.
What is Virginia Plan?
The Virginia Plan, proposed by James Madison during the Constitutional Convention in 1787, did indeed propose a strong national government with a bicameral legislature (two houses) and representation based on population. The plan was a departure from the Articles of Confederation, which gave more power to the states and had a unicameral legislature (one house) with equal representation for each state.
What is bicameral legislature?
A bicameral legislature is a type of government legislative body that consists of two separate chambers or houses. These two chambers typically have different roles and responsibilities within the legislative process, and they are often designed to provide checks and balances on each other's power. For example, in the United States, the bicameral legislature consists of the House of Representatives (based on population) and the Senate (two senators per state).
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how did constitutional issues lay foundations for the civil war
-In 1808, the Constitution forbade imports and included a compromise on the 3/5ths vote.
-Slavery was raised everytime the US annexed a new region.
What violations of the Constitution were committed by the government during the conflict?The Sedition Act and Espionage Act created constitutional issues with relation to the First Amendment's provision of freedom of expression. The Sedition Act and Espionage Act created constitutional issues with relation to the First Amendment's provision of freedom of expression.
What issues arose that led to the American Civil War?The topics that would eventually spark war had been the subject of debate in both the Northern and Southern states for more than 80 years: monetary policies and practices, cultural standards, the authority and scope of the Federal government, and, most importantly, the place of slavery in American society.
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between the spring and fall of 1917, how did the demands and actions of soldiers and peasants reinforce each other and help to promote land seizures?
I think the answer is A. SORRY F RONG
the battles of trenton and princeton in late 1776 and early 1777 __________.
The Battles of Trenton and Princeton in late 1776 and early 1777 significantly boosted American morale and momentum during the American Revolutionary War.
Since the 1870s, the town's economy was tied to the Trenton Works factory and its predecessors which occupies a large property along the East River of Pictou. This factory closed permanently in 2016[4] after various incarnations as a steel fabrication, railcar fabrication, and wind turbine tower fabrication facility. Since the late 1960s, the town has also been host to the Trenton Generating Station. Other large employers in the past have included a paint manufacturer (Tibbett's Paints) as well as a glass works (Trenton Glass). The town's economy is undergoing a transition to a post-industrial tertiary/service economy. Major employers in the region are located outside the town, namely a Michelin Tire factory in Granton and an Asia Pulp & Paper (Paper Excellence Canada) pulp mill in Abercrombie.
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The battles of Trenton and Princeton in late 1776 and early 1777 were significant turning points in the American Revolution.
After a series of losses, the Continental Army led by General George Washington was able to achieve two critical victories against the British army. The surprise attack on the Hessian troops in Trenton on December 26, 1776, boosted morale among American troops and convinced many soldiers to reenlist in the army.
In the battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777, the Continental Army was able to defeat the British army, which had been previously considered.
These two battles proved that the Continental Army was a formidable opponent and could stand up against the British army. It also led to an increase in support from the American public and from foreign nations, such as France.
The victories at Trenton and Princeton gave the Continental Army a much-needed boost and provided a glimpse of hope for the American Revolution's eventual success.
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the national assembly a. freed all slaves living in france b. outlawed christianity c. established gender equality d. established deism as the sate religion e. outlawed workers' associations
The correct answer is A: the national assembly freed all slaves living in France. The National Assembly in France was responsible for the abolition of slavery in the French colonies in 1794.
Christianity was not outlawed by the National Assembly, and neither was deism established as the state religion. Gender equality was not established at this time, and workers' associations were not outlawed by the National Assembly. The National Assembly outlawed workers' associations. They did not free all slaves, outlaw Christianity, establish gender equality, or establish deism as the state religion. Romans adopt Christianity. The Edict of Thessalonica, which the emperor Theodosius issued in 380 CE, declared Nicene Christianity to be the official religion of the Roman Empire. The Roman government declared the majority of other Christian sects to be heretical, stripped them of their legal standing, and seized their assets. Although they do not oppose the First Amendment or call for a theocracy, Christian nationalists do think that Christianity should have special privileges in public life.
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how did child charqcterize the essence of mussolini's fascist program? in child's view, how did the fascist state differ from the liberal state
I'm assuming you are referring to the historian and scholar J.T. "Jack" Child.Child saw fascism as a dangerous and destructive ideology that posed a serious threat to the values of democracy and human freedom.
According to Child, Mussolini's fascist program was characterized by its emphasis on the primacy of the state and the subordination of the individual to the collective will of the nation. Fascism, in Child's view, was a form of totalitarianism that sought to create a "total" society in which the state had absolute control over all aspects of life, including the economy, culture, and education.Child argued that the fascist state differed fundamentally from the liberal state in its rejection of the principles of democracy, individualism, and the rule of law. Whereas the liberal state placed a premium on protecting individual rights and freedoms, the fascist state saw these values as obstacles to the realization of the collective will of the nation. As a result, fascist regimes were marked by the suppression of dissent, the use of propaganda and terror to maintain control, and the elevation of the state above all other institutions.
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according to mary frances berry, how have most african americans viewed the meaning of the constitution?
According to Mary Frances Berry, most African Americans have viewed the meaning of the Constitution as a living document that has the potential for ensuring equal rights and opportunities for all citizens, including themselves.
Mary Frances Berry (born February 17, 1938) is an American historian, writer, lawyer, activist and professor who focuses on U.S. constitutional and legal, African-American history. Berry is the Geraldine R. Segal Professor of American Social Thought where she teaches American legal history at the Department of History, School of Arts & Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania. She is the former chairwoman of the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Previously, Berry was provost of the College of Behavioral and Social Science at University of Maryland, College Park, and was the first African American chancellor of the University of Colorado at Boulder. Berry was born in Nashville, Tennessee,[2] the second of the three children of George Ford and Frances Berry (née Southall). Because of economic hardship and family circumstances, she and her older brother were placed in an orphanage for a time.
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According to Mary Berry, most African Americans have viewed the meaning of the Constitution as a living document that has the potential to promote equality and civil rights.
They believe in its ability to evolve and adapt to changing societal values and needs, and they have consistently fought for their rights and freedoms to be recognized within the framework of the Constitution.
Over time, this has led to significant progress in the expansion of constitutional rights for African Americans, such as the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, as well as the Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century.
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what factors may have stymied industrial development in the south? multiple select question. the southern culture the booming agricultural economy the lack of raw materials the southern climate the lack of workers
I think the answer is A..
Describe TWO features of the power of the monarch during Elizabeth’s reign.
Elizabeth was the most powerful person in the kingdom and had the power to appoint people to the most important roles.
What are the two characteristics of Elizabethan society?Elizabeth held the utmost authority in the kingdom and had the ability to appoint individuals to the most important positions. She achieved this by utilizing a patronage system, which she also utilized to keep her subjects' allegiance and support. The Privy Council was the most significant group of individuals.
The gentry, yeoman and tenant farmers, landless laborers, and the landowning aristocracy, for instance, were the richest and most influential groups. Aspect 2 The wealth and power differential between social strata in towns and cities was a second essential component of Elizabethan society.
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what happened to the 135 enslaved persons who in 1841 seized the ship, the creole, and sailed to nassau in search of freedom?
The 135 enslaved persons who seized the ship, the Creole, in 1841 sailed to Nassau and were granted their freedom by the British authorities.
The Creole was a ship that was transporting enslaved persons from Virginia to New Orleans in 1841. During the voyage, the enslaved persons rebelled and seized control of the ship. They sailed to Nassau in the Bahamas, where they were granted their freedom by the British authorities. This incident was significant because it challenged the legality of slavery and the practice of transporting enslaved persons on ships. The British authorities' decision to grant the enslaved persons their freedom also strained relations between the United States and Britain, as the US government demanded the return of the enslaved persons and compensation for their loss. The incident highlighted the tensions and contradictions of the US government's support for slavery and its professed commitment to freedom and democracy.
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during the 1980s and continuing into the 1990s, the governments of argentina, brazil, and chile moved politically toward . . .
During the 1980s and continuing into the 1990s, the governments of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile moved politically toward democratic governance and market-oriented economic reforms.
During this period, these countries underwent significant political and economic transformations, often referred to as the "Third Wave of Democratization" and the "Washington Consensus" economic reforms. Some common trends in the political and economic developments of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile during this time include:
Democratization: After periods of authoritarian rule, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile transitioned to democratic governance. Military dictatorships in Argentina (1976-1983), Brazil (1964-1985), and Chile (1973-1990) gave way to democratic governments that promoted political pluralism, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
Market-oriented economic reforms: These countries implemented market-oriented economic reforms under the guidance of international financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These reforms included measures such as liberalization of trade and investment, deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and fiscal austerity.
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During the 1980s and continuing into the 1990s, the governments of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile moved politically toward neoliberalism, which emphasized free market economics, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduction of government intervention in the economy.
This shift was largely influenced by the economic crises and debt burdens that these countries faced, as well as the pressures of international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The implementation of neoliberal policies had significant impacts on these countries' economies, societies, and political systems, and continues to be a topic of debate and controversy.
In addition to political changes, these countries also implemented market-oriented economic policies that were aimed at promoting economic growth and development. This included reducing state control over the economy, opening up markets to foreign investment, and implementing structural adjustment programs that were designed to reduce government spending and increase efficiency.
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