Describe the following types of cell signaling:
Autocrine:
Juxtacrine:
Endocrine:
Paracrine:
Answer:
Autocrine:Autocrine signaling means the production and secretion of an extracellular mediator by a cell followed by the binding of that mediator to receptors on the same cell to initiate signal transduction. A well-characterized form of autocrine signaling is the secretion of IL-1 by macrophages.
Juxtacrine:In biology, juxtacrine signalling (or contact-dependent signalling) is a type of cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix signalling in multicellular organisms that requires close contact. ... A membrane ligand (protein, oligosaccharide, lipid) and a membrane protein of two adjacent cells interact.
Endocrine:The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
Paracrine:Paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling or cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behaviour of those cells. ... However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.
Explanation:
Hope this helps you
Crown me as brainliest:)
In the mall, a jeweler offers to sell you a diamond ring for fifty bucks. How could you test if the rock in the
ring is a real diamond?
Answer:
By dropping it in a volcano and pick it back up
Explanation:
Answer:
U gotta have a tester. DUH.
HELP FAST HELP ASAP
Which is a renewable resource?
which one of these is it
petroleum
wood
iron
coal
will get awarded with brainliest
Answer:
I think petroleum
but I am not sure
Answer:
Wood
Explanation:
Wood comes from trees. Because trees can be grown, they are renewable.
Kevin is constructing an explanation of the importance of freshwater ecosystems. Which of these statements would be MOST USEFUL to include in the explanation?
You are walking in a clear-cut section of forest a few days after a heavy rainstorm A nearby stream is very muddy and has
many dead fish. What might have happened?
Answer:
in my oppinion its call a
source of pergisol
Explanation:
What if climate change is self-sustaining? This is already the case, for example, with melting arctic sea ice. This reflects solar radiation, which allows the ocean, located under the ice, to stay cold. But when sea ice melts, the ocean absorbs heat from the sun, which melts more ice. In general, it is difficult to predict the tipping point where such a feedback loop will engage.
Spread over more than 23,000,000 km2, at the top of the globe, permafrost (permanently frozen ground) could enter such a vicious circle. Normally, up to 4 m of soil and plant debris cover the permafrost. This top layer (called the active layer) normally melts every summer, and freezes in winter. It thus protects the permafrost from the rise in heat outside. But in the spring of 2018, a team working at a research station in Tchersky, Russia, discovered that near-surface land had not frozen over at all during the long, dark polar night.
HELP PLEASE!!! i really need help!
its the first destablish of conster defore
Imagine a digestive system where food entered the small intertwine directly without first going through the oral cavity and stomach. What would he the disadvantages of this type of digestive system?
All members of a species that live in the same area at the same time make up alan)
Predicting future events in a person's life based on the position of planets is an example of
physics
geology
astronomy
pseudoscience
Answer:
pseudoscience
Explanation:
Answer:
Give him brainiest the guy is right
Explanation:
the rate of photosynthesis can be affected by several factors, such as light intensity, temperature ,water, and carbon dioxide. describe how the lack of water in an environment can affect the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant
Answer:
Plants need water, so that their guard cells can fill up and become turgid which would allow the stomata to open and gas to exchange. If there is not much water, not much gas exchange can occur hence not much Carbon dioxide can be taken in.
Explanation:
Plants require water for the process of photosynthesis. Plants need water so that their guard cells can fill up and become turgid. This allows the exchange of gases in the stomata.
How does water affect photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, the plants take in carbon dioxide and water molecules from the air and soil particles. Within the plant cell, this water is oxidized to generate oxygen gas, meaning that it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide gas is reduced in the chloroplast of the plant cell by gain of electrons to produce carbohydrates. This process transforms the water into oxygen gas and the carbon dioxide gas into glucose molecules (carbohydrates).
Plants need water, so that the guard cells in the plant can fill up and become turgid which would allow the stomata to open and exchange of gases. If there is not much water present in the guard cells, not much gas exchange can occur hence not much of the carbon dioxide can be taken in from the atmosphere.
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What is difference between acid and bases?
Definition. A substance, mostly liquid that donates a proton or accepts an electron pair in reactions. An acid increases the concentration of H+ ions. A base is a substance that releases hydroxide (OH-) ions in aqueous solution, donates electrons and accepts protons.
(just if someone needs this i guess)
Answer:
Acids are sour, gives burning sensation, generally sticky, reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas. Although bases are opposite as they are bitter, generally odorless (except ammonia), they are slippery; bases react with fats and oils. In phenolphthalein, indicator acids remain colorless, and base gives pink color.
Explanation:
An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions into an aqueous solution. A base is a substance that releases hydroxide ions.
Acids are sour, gives burning sensation, generally sticky, reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas. Although bases are opposite as they are bitter, generally odorless (except ammonia), they are slippery; bases react with fats and oils. In phenolphthalein, indicator acids remain colorless, and base gives pink color.
A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. Which would be the order of the bases on the opposite strand of DNA?
cytosine, adenine, adenine, and thymine
cytosine, thymine, thymine, and adenine
thymine, guanine, guanine, and cytosine
thymine, adenine, adenine, and cytosine
Answer:
thymine, guanine, guanine, and cytosine
Explanation:
The order of the bases on the opposite strand of DNA should be Thymine, Guanine, Guanine and Cytosine.
DNA and complementary base pairingThe deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double helix composed of two long chains of sequential nucleotides.
In DNA there are four classes of nucleotides, each containing one different nitrogenous base (i.e., Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine).According to the base pair rules of complementarity, Adenine always pairs with Thymine, whereas Guanine always pairs with Cytosine.In conclusion, the order of the bases on the opposite strand of DNA should be Thymine, Guanine, Guanine and Cytosine.
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You get a cut on your finger and some bacteria enter. Your immune system cells kill off the invaders by ingesting them. This is an example of:
In the equation shown, what are the reactants? 2H2-02 --> H2O
Hydrogen atoms
Hydrogen and oxygen molecules
Water molecules
Ice crystals
Answer:
Hydrogen and oxygen molecules
Explanation:
Convection causes tectonic plates to move.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Hope this helps.
Explanation:
Plates at our planet's surface move because of the intense heat in the Earth's core that causes molten rock in the mantle layer to move. It moves in a pattern called a convection cell that forms when warm material rises, cools, and eventually sink down. As the cooled material sinks down, it is warmed and rises again. So I think false
Answer:
the anwser is false aka b
Sperm cells of a specific species of mice have 16 chromosomes. What is the expected number of chromosomes in an adult mouse of this species?
Answer:
32 chromosomes (16 pair)
Explanation:
Gametes or sex cells of sexually reproducing organisms are produced via a process called MEIOSIS, which is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosomal number of the parent cell by half. Hence, a mice that produces a sperm cell (gametes) via meiosis with 16 chromosomes will have double that amount in somatic cells of that mouse.
That is, the expected number of chromosomes in an adult mouse of this species with 16 chromosome in its sperm cell is 32 since half of this number makes up the chromosomal number in gametes
The ribosome-covered structure found in the cytoplasm of a cell is called the
А.
Golgi apparatus
B
rough endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: rough endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
confusin help pls ??????????
Answer:
yes I ldk what u want with no pictures
What shape represents the phosphate in a nucleotide?
Answer:
Each nucleotide is made up of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate. The remainder of the molecule forms the pentose sugar.
Explanation:
Suppose you mate a black rooster with a white hen. The feathers of all the offspring are “gray,” a color that is intermediate between black and white. Explain the inheritance pattern in these chickens.
Answer:
Incomplete dominance
Explanation:
The inheritance pattern described here is called incomplete dominance (sometimes also referred to as semi-dominance or partial dominance). This occurs when the dominant allele doesn't fully prevent the effects of the recessive allele from being expressed. This results in the trait of the offspring being equivalent to the mix of both alleles. If the rooster's feathers are black and the hen's are white, the chicks' will be grey.
Ecosystems that experience the same climate conditions are grouped together into larger regions called
A.cycles
B.equators
C.poles
D.biomes
why is the cell membrane often referred to as a "phospholipid bilayer"
Answer:
Porque esta formada por dos capas de moléculas de lípidos
Explanation:
Which of the following statements tells how facilitated diffusion differs from
simple diffusion?
A. Particles move through cell membranes without the use of energy by cells.
B. Particles tend to move from high concentration to lower concentration.
C. Particles move within channel proteins that pass through cell membranes.
D. Particles tend to move more slowly than they would be expected to move.
Answer:
I think its C but I am not sure, I hope this helps :)
Explanation:
The statement 'particles move within channel proteins that pass through cell membranes' indicates the reason for which facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion (Option C).
Diffusion (both facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion) refers to the movement of substances across biological membranes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion are two types of passive transport that do not require energy to move molecules/ions in favor of a concentration gradient.
In facilitated diffusion, specific membrane proteins known as carriers or channels help to the movement of substances in favor of a concentration gradient.
Conversely, in simple diffusion, small molecules (e.g. CO2 and oxygen) freely diffuse across a selectively permeable membrane in favor of a concentration gradient.
In conclusion, the statement 'particles move within channel proteins that pass through cell membranes' indicates the reason for which facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion (Option C).
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Some plant roots grow with mycorrhizal fungi. The fungi absorb water and
minerals and pass them on to the plant and receive carbohydrates from the
plant. This is an example of:
- mutualism
- competition
- predation
- parasitism
Answer:
-mutualism
Explanation:
Hope it helps hehe
What organisms carry out metabolism?
Answer:
Eukaryotes
Explanation:
Are organisms wise cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus. Eukaryotes carry out cellular respiration with the help of mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles that produce the enzymes necessary to catalyze the series of reactions that produce ATP.
Is a crayfish living or nonliving and what are two reasons
Answer: Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters (to which they are related). ... Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus. So yes they are alive
Explanation:
No need to explain sunce I explained above :)
Answer:
crayfish are living.
Explanation:
1. They are like small lobsters and lobsters are living. 2.And they can animals or whatever they find thats good to them i guess.
BRAINLYIST PLSSSS HURRY
Answer:
A
Explanation:
only one type of atom= (PURE SUBSTANCE not mixture)
is atom chemically bonded to another atom? (NO- element, not compound)
Answer:. Maybe A. Im not sure.
sex linked traits are typically carried on the x chromosome. to denote the geontypes, a superscript is used. a female carrier of hemophillia will have the genotype xH Xh . using the letters X AND Y , what is the genotype for each of the following people?
Answer: XHY, XHXh
Explanation: I don't know if this is correct exactly but i just looked at my notes from my bio class because we did this previously so i think it's right
28. The phases for Meiosis II are:
Stomach acid has a pH of about _____. a. 4 c. 6 b. 2 d. 10