Hello, if you cod answer this it would be very much appreciated.

Answer:

The preceding section reviewed the major metabolic reactions by which the cell obtains and stores energy in the form of ATP. This metabolic energy is then used to accomplish various tasks, including the synthesis of macromolecules and other cell constituents. Thus, energy derived from the breakdown of organic molecules (catabolism) is used to drive the synthesis of other required components of the cell. Most catabolic pathways involve the oxidation of organic molecules coupled to the generation of both energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH). In contrast, biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways generally involve the use of both ATP and reducing power (usually in the form of NADPH) for the production of new organic compounds. One major biosynthetic pathway, the synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O during the dark reactions of photosynthesis, was discussed in the preceding section. Additional pathways leading to the biosynthesis of major cellular constituents (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are reviewed in the sections that follow.

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Carbohydrates

In addition to being obtained directly from food or generated by photosynthesis, glucose can be synthesized from other organic molecules. In animal cells, glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (produced by anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (derived from the breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (produced by the breakdown of lipids). Plants (but not animals) are also able to synthesize glucose from fatty acids—a process that is particularly important during the germination of seeds, when energy stored as fats must be converted to carbohydrates to support growth of the plant. In both animal and plant cells, simple sugars are polymerized and stored as polysaccharides.

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose—essentially the reverse of glycolysis. However, as discussed earlier, the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an energy-yielding pathway, generating two molecules each of ATP and NADH. Although some reactions of glycolysis are readily reversible, others will proceed only in the direction of glucose breakdown, because they are associated with a large decrease in free energy. These energetically favorable reactions of glycolysis are bypassed during gluconeogenesis by other reactions (catalyzed by different enzymes) that are coupled to the expenditure of ATP and NADH in order to drive them in the direction of glucose synthesis. Overall, the generation of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate requires four molecules of ATP, two of GTP, and two of NADH. This process is considerably more costly than the simple reversal of glycolysis (which would require two molecules of ATP and two of NADH), illustrating the additional energy required to drive the pathway in the direction of biosynthesis.

Explanation:

The experiment was conducted with the purpose of understanding what makes us "who we really are"; our environment or genetics?

The two women, Paula Bernstein and Elyse Schein identical twins were separated from each other at birth and only got to be reunited when they turned age 35.

"It's undeniable that genetics play a huge role," says Paula. This makes us concludes that genetics still play a role in determining who really are.

Such experiments are no longer performed today because there are legal restrictions put in place against such actions, including the ethical issues it created.

Answer:

Cytokinesis is initiated in prophase when a cytoskeleton of actin filaments and microtubules forms around the cell. This band is known as the preprophase band, and will later determine the positioning of the cell plate.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

An annular eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are exactly in line with the Earth, but the apparent size of the Moon is smaller than that of the Sun. Hence the Sun appears as a very bright ring, or annulus, surrounding the dark disk of the Moon.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

if mitosis produce gametes then after fertilization the chromosome number will double than parent and so on. in each generation chromosome sets which are 2n normally ensuring new generation should exactly similar to parent generation. but the case will change when gametes are not haploid. these will be 4n, in next generation it will be 8n, and in next it will be 16n and so on.

Explanation:

Answer:

X - Flagellum, Y - Bacterial DNA, Z - Cytoplasm

Explanation:

A bacterium is a living thing that are majorly known for causing diseases but are important for human life.

A bacterium is also consist of several organelles such as cell wall, cytoplasm, flagellum,  bacterial DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes and others.

The diagram shows three main organelles that are X - Flagellum, Y - Bacterial DNA, Z - Cytoplasm. Flagella functions for the locomotion of the bacteria, bacterial DNA is a genetic material of the bacteria, and cytoplasm is a gel-like matrix composed of enzymes, water, nutrients and other waste material.

Hence, the correct answer is "X - Flagellum, Y - Bacterial DNA, Z - Cytoplasm".

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Number a is the real evidence of that question

Cells are the basic unit of life. Living things are composed of cells.

All living creatures are aware of environmental changes and react to them. What happens, though, if you think you're treading on a rock but in fact, you're on a turtle shell.

Every living thing evolves and grows. For instance, a plant seed may appear to be a lifeless stone, but given the proper circumstances, it will grow and become a plant. Animals also change and advance.

Even the most basic life forms have a complicated chemical makeup. Large, intricate molecules make up living things, and in order to stay alive, they go through a great number of intricate chemical changes.

Therefore, Cells are the basic unit of life. Living things are composed of cells.

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Answer:

A mutation can alter the structure/function of a particular protein, thereby also altering the phenotype resulting from this new variant

Explanation:

A mutation can be defined as a genetic change in the genome of an organism. Some mutations are capable of modifying the expression and/or structure of the proteins, while other mutations (known as silent mutations) have no effect on the resulting proteins. When mutations occur within the gene region encoding a protein (i.e., exons), they are potentially capable of producing a faulty protein. For example, a mutation can alter the Open Reading Frame (ORF) of the resulting protein, thereby inactivating it. The mutations that alter the structure and/or function of the protein can also alter the resulting phenotype associated with the expression of this protein. For example, a mutation within a gene that encodes a key enzyme can potentially alter the binding site of the protein, so the resulting mutated enzyme cannot bind to the substrate anymore. In consequence, this mutation alters the phenotype of the individual who is not more able to carry out the metabolic reaction catalyzed by the faulty enzyme.

Answer:

A. soreness indicates the muscles are growing

D. micro tears signal the muscles to grow

Explanation:

Muscle soreness is one of the indication of muscles are growing as while doing exercise, some inflammation takes place to get bigger and stronger muscles. Some pain signals are sent by the body to make it feel soreness after intense exercise.

Micro tears signal also indicates muscles growth as after intense workout, a certain amount of soreness is felt by our body and these micro tear signals to repair and replenish the muscle tissue that eventually accumulate to form muscle mass.

Hence, the correct answers are: "A. and D.".

Answer:

Transcription into mRNA strand will produce: ACU CAG CUG ACC GAC UGG CAU CUG

Translation into amino acid sequence will yield: Threonine- Glutamine- Leucine- Threonine- Aspartic acid- Tryptophan- Histidine- Leucine

Explanation:

- Transcription is the process by which DNA template is used to synthesize a mRNA molecule in the nucleus (eukaryotes). The transcription, which is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase, follows the complementary base pairing rule i.e. A-T, G-C. Note that Uracil replaces Thymine in the RNA molecule.

Based on this question in which a DNA strand was given as follows: TGA GTC GAC TGG CTG ACC GTA GAC

The mRNA strand that will result from transcribing this DNA will be: ACU CAG CUG ACC GAC UGG CAU CUG

- Translation is the process by which mRNA strand is used to synthesize amino acid sequence (protein) in the ribosomes. In the mRNA sequence, nucleotides are read in a group of three called CODONS. Each codon specifies an amino acid. Based on the mRNA sequence as follows: ACU CAG CUG ACC GAC UGG CAU CUG, the amino acid sequence that will result after using the genetic code will be: Threonine (Thr)- Glutamine (Gln)- Leucine (Leu)- Threonine (Thr)- Aspartic acid (Asp)- Tryptophan (Try)- Histidine (His)- Leucine (Leu).

Answer: TT

Explanation: We know that the ability to roll your tongue is a dominant trait from your parents, and the inability to roll your tongue is a recessive trait. So the genotype would be TT.

Note: I'm not in the grade, so I don't know this yet, I tired to explain it clearly.

Answer:

Climate disturbance

Explanation:

Answer:

becomes the  definitive endoderm

Answer:

hydrocarbons

Explanation:

Answer:There is a fundamental difference in the way energy and matter flows through an ecosystem.Matter flows through the ecosystem in the form of the non-living nutrients essential to living organisms. When a living organism dies, nutrients are released back into the soil. These nutrients then are absorbed by plants, which are eaten by the herbivores. Matter, once again, is passed on. The herbivore is eaten by a carnivore (and matter is yet again transferred therein). Ultimately, when the carnivore dies, matter is returned back to the soil by the decomposers and the cycle repeats. So you see, matter is recycled in the ecosystem.Unlike matter, energy is not recycled through the system. A part of the energy is lost at each stage.

Explanation:

Answer:

plasma

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

in the given sample of blood concentration of all the comonents is normal. the concentration of urea is 2.6 to 6.5 mM, concentration of carbon dioxide is 23-29 meq/L, while concentration of glucose ad oxygen are 0.9 g and 20.1 ml respectively.

Blood is the component of the circulatory system which is essential for the transport of gases and excretion of waste products. It is crucial for nutrient and oxygen supply to the body.

The concentration of oxygen was 95.6 mmHg, carbon dioxide 39.3 mmHg, Sugar 115.5 mg and urea 13 mg.

Therefore, the normal concentration of blood substances is oxygen 95.6 mmHg, carbon dioxide 39.3 mmHg, Sugar 115.5 mg and urea 13 mg.

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Answer: The endocrine, nervous, and muscular systems work together and maintain temperature homeostasis. Insulin, a hormone released from the pancreas, works with the digestive system and maintains energy homeostasis

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

the larger the loci distance the more chances there is for a crossing voer to occur.

Answer:

C. 37.2 Trillion cells.

Explanation:

Answer:

B. Appropriate labels

Explanation:

Answer:

I think rhizome and producing is a answer.I am sure for first one but not for second

Answer:

the first blank is rhizome. the second is storing.

Answer:

The benefits provided by forest ecosystems include: goods such as timber, food, fuel and bioproducts.

Answer:

1. ecosystems include

2. good such as timber

Explanation:

I hope it help

A contractile vacuole removing excess water is the correct answer.

Diffusion is defined as the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion occurs in both liquids and gases which is an important process for living organisms.

In contractile vacuole, water moves from higher concentration region to lower so we can conclude that a contractile vacuole removing excess water is the correct answer.

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Answer: the genotypic ratio is 2:2:0

Explanation:

RR x Rr —> RR Rr RR Rr

Answer:

Explanation:                          

The glycine, among other amino acids, helps to improve chlorophyll production and promotes the process of photosynthesis.

Calvin cycle

During the carbon fixation phase, a CO² molecule combinate with a ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to form 6-carbonated molecules, which will divide into two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules.

During the reduction phase, NADPH donates its electrons to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate molecules, and turn them into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

During the regeneration phase, a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecule leaves the cycle and goes to the cytosol to form glucose. This step can be done when three CO² enter the cycle and produce six glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules. One of them leaves the cycle to form glucose, while the other five are recycled.

Cytosol:  

Once in the cytosol, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used to form glucose and fructose. These two molecules are the monosaccharides that form the sucrose.          

Once sucrose is formed, it is transported from the photosynthetic tissues to different parts of the plant by the phloem.

Answer:

Climate warming

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is D-Climate Warming

Explanation:

Once an area gets to a point of extreme warmth where the species genuinely can't handle it anymore, they'll migrate closer to the poles.