give reasons why after reimposing jizya tax, Aurangzeb abolished it in 1704​

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

.

can u give me brainliest if I tell the answer?

Jizya or jizyah is a per capita yearly taxation historically levied in the form of financial charge on permanent non-Muslim subjects (dhimmi) of a state governed by Islamic law. Muslim jurists required adult, free, sane males among the dhimma community to pay the jizya, while exempting women, children, elders, handicapped, the ill, the insane, monks, hermits, slaves, and musta'mins—non-Muslim foreigners who only temporarily reside in Muslim lands. Dhimmis who chose to join military service were also exempted from payment, as were those who could not afford to pay. According to Islamic law, elders, handicapped etc must be given pensions, and they must not go into begging.

The Quran and hadiths mention jizya without specifying its rate or amount. However, scholars largely agree that early Muslim rulers adapted existing systems of taxation and tribute that were established under previous rulers of the conquered lands, such as those of the Byzantine and Sasanian empires.

The application of jizya varied in the course of Islamic history. Together with kharāj, a term that was sometimes used interchangeably with jizya, taxes levied on non-Muslim subjects were among the main sources of revenues collected by some Islamic polities, such as the Ottoman Empire and Indian Muslim Sultanates. Jizya rate was usually a fixed annual amount depending on the financial capability of the payer. Sources comparing taxes levied on Muslims and jizya differ as to their relative burden depending on time, place, specific taxes under consideration, and other factors.

Historically, the jizya tax has been understood in Islam as a fee for protection provided by the Muslim ruler to non-Muslims, for the exemption from military service for non-Muslims, for the permission to practice a non-Muslim faith with some communal autonomy in a Muslim state, and as material proof of the non-Muslims' submission to the Muslim state and its laws. Jizya has also been understood by some as a badge or state of humiliation of the non-Muslims in a Muslim state for not converting to Islam, a substantial source of revenue for at least some times and places (such as the Umayyad era), while others argue that if it were meant to be a punishment for the dhimmis' unbelief then monks and the clergy wouldn't have been exempted.

The term appears in the Quran referring to a tax or tribute from People of the Book, specifically Jews and Christians. Followers of other religions like Zoroastrians and Hindus too were later integrated into the category of dhimmis and required to pay jizya. In the Indian Subcontinent the practice was eradicated by the 18th century. It almost vanished during the 20th century with disappearance of Islamic states and spread of religious tolerance. The tax is no longer imposed by nation states in the Islamic world, although there are reported cases of organizations such as the Pakistani Taliban and ISIS attempting to revive the practice.

Some modern Islamic scholars have argued that jizya should be paid by non-Muslim subjects of an Islamic state, offering different rationales. For example, Sayyid Qutb saw it as punishment for "polytheism", while Abdul Rahman Doi viewed it as a counterpart of the zakat tax paid by Muslims. According to Khaled Abou El Fadl, moderate Muslims reject the dhimma system, which encompasses jizya, as inappropriate for the age of nation-states and democracies.


Related Questions

Example Appeal to emotion fallacy

Answers

Answer: an appeal to emotion is a specific type of fallacy in which one manipulates another's emotions to win an argument.

Explanation: such as Grocery store commercial that shows a happy family sitting around the table at Thanksgiving. Which shows emotion

what is a likely quote abraham lincoln would say?

Answers

Answer:

Every man is said to have his peculiar ambition. Whether it be true or not, I can say for one that I have no other so great as that of being truly esteemed of my fellow men, by rendering myself worthy of their esteem. How far I shall succeed in gratifying this ambition, is yet to be developed.

Explanation:

Choose one of the economic terms from this activity and explain its

importance to the Commercial Revolution that took place in Europe from the 1500s

to 1700s


(the economic terms are capitalism, mercantilism, tariff, price revolution, and "putting out" system.)

Answers

Answer:

The Commercial Revolution

Explanation:

The 16th century experienced vast economic expansion. This expansion was to a great extent related t the expansion of trade, the emergence of colonial empires and commercial prosperity. The effect of the commercial revolution indirectly contributed to the development of capitalism. The influx of precious metal rise as money and made it possible for it to use in the capital. The rise of prices proved a stimulus to business, with the rapid growth of trade opening up opportunities for large scale commercial enterprises.

Can someone write a small essay about the Marshall Plan if u answer u get 100 points

Answers

Answer:

The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II. It was enacted in 1948 and provided more than $15 billion to help finance rebuilding efforts on the continent.

Why was finding an oceanic route to Asia important to the Europeans? A) They wanted to avoid violence and warfare on the Silk Road. B) They wanted a shorter route to their destination. C) They wanted to circumvent Arabic merchants.​

Answers

The correct answer is A. They wanted to avoid violence and warfare on the Silk Road.

Explanation

The Silk Road is the name by which the network of trade routes originated by the business of silk produced in China was known. This route began to gain popularity during the first century of this era, this route crossed the Asian continent, Europe, and part of Africa. As this route became popular, it also became more dangerous because high-value products were moved there that were stolen by criminals or the rulers of different places, for this reason, the Europeans decided to look for alternative routes to avoid the dangers that this meant. From there, routes such as that of Christopher Columbus by the sea that ended with the discovery of America or the maritime route that surrounded Africa originated. Therefore, the correct answer is A. They wanted to avoid violence and warfare on the Silk Road.

HELP PLEASE!
how where the two battles of the bull run different. How where they similar?

Answers

Answer: The Second Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) proved to be the deciding battle ... unite it with the newly-formed Army of Virginia, then under the command of ... When several Confederate brigades adjusted their positions that night ...

What system was intended to protect countries, but actually led to World War I?
a Treaty
C Agreement
b. Alliance
d. None of the above

Answers

Answer:

Alliance

Explanation:

The war started mainly because of four aspects: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism. ... The alliances system meant that a local conflict could easily result into an intimidating global one. The overall cause of World War was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

How did the invention of the cotton gin lead to an increase in slavery?
A. It made harvesting cotton less important.
B. It made growing cotton more profitable.
C. It made planting cotton more difficult.
D. It made shipping cotton faster.

Answers

Answer:

B. It made growing cotton more profitable.

Question 12 of 25
Which Enlightenment idea is reflected in the Declaration of Independence?
A. Having a monarch who was also a religious leader violated the
separation of church and state.
B. The colonists' natural rights were violated by unfair trade
arrangements.
C. Military occupation of the colonies violated colonists' popular
sovereignty.
D. The king vetoed colonists' attempts at self-government.
SUBMIT

Answers

Yes the answer is c because of military right off the bat

An individual can protect her rights and participate in the political process by voting.
True
False

Answers

True because voting is publicly announced has a person of America with the rights, but only if you vote so it’s true

Who was the African Queen who met the
Portuguese with strong resistance when they
were trying to colonize.

Answers

Answer:

Queen Ana Nzinga

Explanation:

Answer:

Queen Anna Nzinga

Explanation:

Queen Anna Nzinga was the queen of Angola in 1581-1663. She resisted slave trade and European influence.

which branch of government decides the meaning of the laws?

Answers

Explanation:

Judicial I'm pretty sure

what muscle groups botulism affects and who is prone to be affected by it.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a toxin that attacks the body's nerves. Symptoms of botulism usually start with weakness of the muscles that control the eyes, face, mouth, and throat. This weakness may spread to the neck, arms, torso, and legs.

HELP HELP HELP EXTRA POINTS -
Why did the Senate censure Andrew Jackson?

Answers

Answer:

The primary charge against Johnson was that he had violated the Tenure of Office Act, passed by Congress in March 1867 over Johnson's veto. Specifically, he had removed from office Edwin Stanton, the secretary of war whom the act was largely designed to protect.

Explanation:

I hope this helps you :)

Read the one above me

during the Hundred year's war, what monarchies fought over the throne and​

Answers

Answer:

The monarchies of England and France

PLEASE BRAINLIEST

What is the strongest point made by the World Systems Theory? (What does the theory explains well?)

Answers

Answer:

World-systems analysis is a mode of analysis that aims to transcend the structures of knowledge inherited from the 19th century, especially the definition of capitalism, the divisions within the social sciences, and those between the social sciences and history

Explanation:

"World-system" refers to the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries, and the periphery countries. Core countries focus on higher skill, capital-intensive production, and the rest of the world focuses on low-skill, labor-intensive production and extraction of raw materials. This constantly reinforces the dominance of the core countries. Nonetheless, the system has dynamic characteristics, in part as a result of revolutions in transport technology, and individual states can gain or lose their core (semi-periphery, periphery) status over time. This structure is unified by the division of labour. It is a world-economy rooted in a capitalist economy. For a time, certain countries become the world hegemon; during the last few centuries, as the world-system has extended geographically and intensified economically, this status has passed from the Netherlands, to the United Kingdom and (most recently) to the United States.

World-systems theory has been examined by many political theorists and sociologists to explain the reasons for the rise and fall of states, income inequality, social unrest, and imperialism.

The law of demand explains that:
A. demand for a product goes up as the price goes down.
B. supply of a product goes down as the price goes down.
Ο Ο Ο Ο
C. supply of a product goes down as the price goes down.
D. demand for a product goes down as the price goes down.

Answers

Answer:

A. Demand for a product goes up as the price goes down

Explanation:

Definition: The law of demand is one of the most fundamental concepts in economics. ... The law of demand states that quantity purchased varies inversely with price. In other words, the higher the price, the lower the quantity demanded.

who lived in poverty in russia at the time of the revolution?

Answers

Explanation:

vladimir lenin is one of them

what decisions did caesar make?

Answers

Answer:

Caesar's choice to return to Italy after his years away in Gaul despite the fact that doing so would provoke a civil war.

Explanation:

Which of these statements about the early days of the war in the Pacific are true? Check all of the boxes that apply.

The United States had lost many planes and ships during the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Japan quickly captured many islands and parts of South Asia.

The Allies offered no resistance and pulled out of the entire Pacific region.

Japan was defeating Allied forces and capturing many prisoners.

Japan was suffering few losses of its own.

Answers

Answer:

A, B, D, E

Explanation:

Got it right on Edg

Greece and Italy were neighbors across a narrow sea. How did the location of Greece affect the development of Roman society? (4 points)
Romans borrowed much from Greek culture.
Romans fought the Punic Wars to defend against Greek invasions.
Romans built roads in order to transport trade goods to Greece.
Romans developed advanced ships to cross the Black Sea.

Answers

Rome adopted many things from Greek culture including their pagan religion

Who must agree to amend the Florida Constitution?

Answers

Answer:

The Constitution's Article V requires that an amendment be proposed by two-thirds of the House and Senate, or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures. It is up to the states to approve a new amendment, with three-quarters of the states voting to ratifying it.

Explanation:

Congress must agree to amend the Florida constitution

Question 3 of 10
On what did the European settlers base their belief that the Indians were
savages?
A. Cultural differences
B. Education methods
c. Indian weaponry
D. Religious diversity
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

A. Cultural differences

Explanation:

Europeans considered Indians to be savages because of their way of living the life. Europeans considered Indians inferior to their way of living. The clothes worn by Indians, the food they ate, the types of houses they lived in were different and inferior to that of the Europeans. During the eighteenth century, the term "savage" was propounded with a different meaning as it is the current times. During that time, the inferior behavior and way of living was considered as savage. Indians way of living was given the name of savagery by the Europeans.

Answer: Cultural differences

Explanation:

Many of the U.S. soldiers involved in the event

mentioned in this headline

Answers

Answer:

died during a forced march to a prison camp in the Philippines

Explanation:

im guessing man, you didnt give much to work with

According to Article I of the Constitution, who has the ability to approve foreign treatises?

Answers

Answer: Senators

Explanation: The Constitution provides that the president "shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur".

Answer:

SENATORS

Explanation:

The Constitution provides that the president "shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur".

#carryonlearning

Choose all of the rivers that are found in the Middle East/Southwest Asia.
A)
Volga River
B)
Tigris River
C)
Jordan River
D)
Yangtze River
E)
Euphrates River

Answers

The Euphrates river sounds right to me. I could be wrong. But that’s the only one I know if in Asia

Rivers in the Middle East and Southwest Asia include the Euphrates River. Thus option (B) is correct.

What is the Euphrates?

The Euphrates is the longest and one of Western Asia's most significant rivers historically. It is one of Mesopotamia's two defining rivers, along with the Tigris. The Euphrates, which has its source in Turkey, joins the Tigris in the Shatt al-Arab and empties into the Persian Gulf after passing through Syria and Iraq.

The great river system in southwest Asia is the Tigris-Euphrates river system. It consists of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which flow through the center of the Middle East on almost parallel paths.

Therefore, Thus option (B) is correct.

Learn more about the Euphrates here:

https://brainly.com/question/549162

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identify this face ​

Answers

Answer:

indian people jjggygfyffg

Answer: She looks like a boy but mhmm ig too much plastic surgery? :)

Why did people make a pilgrimage to Canterbury

Answers

Answer: The reason that all of the travelers are going to Canterbury is to pay their respects to Saint Thomas a Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. Becket went down in history as a martyr and a saint for standing up for his faith, and the 30 travelers are on a pilgrimage to see the tomb of Becket.

Why was Hitler able to conquer other countries?

Answers

Answer:

poop

Explanation:

Example of Straw man fallacy

Answers

Answer:

what is the question

Explanation:

the question is only wrong

Person A: The children's winter concert at the school should include non-Christmas songs too. Person B: You won't be happy until Christmas songs are banned from being played on the radio! This is an example of straw man fallacy.
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