To calculate the probability P[X = 10), b) X Exponential (0.1) will be used to get appropriate result.
The probability distribution that describes the time required to perform a continuous, memoryless, exponentially distributed process is called the Exponential Distribution. It's a continuous probability distribution used to measure the amount of time between events. Exponential distributions are widely used in the fields of economics, social sciences, and engineering. The probability of a single success during a particular length of time is the exponential distribution. The distribution is commonly used to model the amount of time elapsed between events in a Poisson process. Poisson processes, such as traffic flow, radioactive decay, and phone calls received by a call center, are the most common use of exponential distribution. Example: Suppose the time between the arrival of customers in a store follows an exponential distribution with a mean of 5 minutes.
Calculate the probability of the following:
(a) What is the probability that the next customer will arrive in less than 3 minutes?
Here, µ=5 minutes and x=3 minutes.
The formula for Exponential distribution is;
P (X < x) = 1 – e^(-λx)
Where, λ is the rate parameter.
λ = 1/ µλ = 1/ 5 = 0.2
Now,
P (X < 3) = 1 – e^(-λx)
P (X < 3) = 1 – e^(-0.2 × 3)
P (X < 3) = 0.259
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May Term 2022 Online Statistics Homework: 7.3 Interactive Assignment Preparing for Section 7.3 Introduction Objective 1 3.3 ning termally 0 of 1 Point Suppose a sample of Orings wat ottaned and the wall micknek (ninches of each wes recorded the anima probaby po come oma population mais normal Gick here to whetable of cargas, Cack here to vie CE age of the startat omdat 2 of the standart normaln Using the constion coeficient of the nomer probability plot is reasonable to conclude that the pealy bud? Seed the corect thote ban choke (Round to three decimal places as noded) OA Y The combate between the watered the edhe me the com Clear all Help me solve this View an example Get more help- 9 65w 30 points of 6350062007 2218 0228 824 14 0258 120 120 130 Seve 31 Molly douty OE A ring for Section 7.3 Introduction Objective 1 jective 1: Use Normal Probability Plots to Assess Normality 3 Assessing formality 0 of 1 Point Suppose a sample of O-rings was obtained and the wall thickness (in inches) of each was recorded the a nomal probability plot to assess whether the sample come from a population that is normally distributed 2100910 6.257 0716 0229 6743 8244 0254 633 936a bire 0200 301 0331 6338 Click here to view the table of cotical values Click here to view page 1 of the standard normal distribution table Click here to view page 2 of the standard normal distribution table CHO Using the correlation coefficient of the normal probability plot is it reasonable to conclude that the population is normally distributed? Select the comect chocs below and in the ar be with your choice (Round to three decimal places as nooded) ends the val Then his conce that the data come OA. Yes The correlation between the nected scores and the observed dat Clear all Check answer Get more help View an example Help me solve this 50% Mostly doudy BO 14
No, it is not reasonable to conclude that the population is normally distributed based on the correlation coefficient of the normal probability plot.
The correlation coefficient measures the linear relationship between the expected quantiles of a normal distribution and the observed data. If the data points on the plot closely follow the straight line representing the normal distribution, it suggests that the data is normally distributed. However, if the points deviate significantly from the straight line, it indicates departures from normality. The correlation coefficient of a normal probability plot is used to assess whether a sample comes from a normally distributed population. If the points on the plot closely align with the straight line, it suggests normality, while significant deviations indicate departures from normality. In this case, without knowing the actual correlation coefficient value provided in the question, it is not possible to determine whether the data is normally distributed.
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Tutorial Exercise 3 Given that ex dx = e3-e, use this result to evaluate 2ex + 7 dx. Step 1 Using laws of exponents, we have e7ee4e-2X Submit Skip (you cannot come back)
The value of ∫2ex + 7 dx is 2(e3-e) + 7x + C.
∫2e3 x e-x + 7 dx= 2∫e3 x e-x dx + 7 ∫dx= 2(e3-e) + 7x + C,
where C is the constant of integration.
The value of ∫2ex + 7 dx is 2(e3-e) + 7x + C.
The given problem is asking us to evaluate the integral of 2ex + 7 dx.
Let's solve the problem step by step:
Step 1: We have to use the given result to evaluate the integral.
Using the laws of exponents we can write:
ex dx = e3-e
⇒ ex dx = e3 x e-x dx.
Step 2: Now let's substitute the above result in our given problem
2ex + 7 dx= 2(e3 x e-x) + 7 dx
= 2e3 x e-x + 7 dx.
Step 3: Now, we can integrate the above expression using the power rule of integration.
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We test the null hypothesis H0: μ = 10 and the alternative Ha: μ ≠ 10 for a Normal population with σ = 4. A random sample of 16 observations is drawn from the population and we find the sample mean of these observations is = 12. The P-value is CLOSEST to: A. 0.9772. B. 0.0456. C. 0.0228. D. 0.6170.
Therefore, the P-value is closest to 0.0456, which corresponds to option B.
To determine the P-value for testing the null hypothesis H0: μ = 10 against the alternative hypothesis Ha: μ ≠ 10, we can use a t-test since the population standard deviation is unknown.
Given that the sample size is 16, the sample mean is 12, and the population standard deviation is σ = 4, we can calculate the t-value and find the corresponding P-value.
The formula for the t-value is:
t = (sample mean - population mean) / (sample standard deviation / √(sample size))
Calculating the t-value:
t = (12 - 10) / (4 / √(16)) = 2 / 1 = 2
Since we have a two-tailed test (μ ≠ 10), we need to find the probability of obtaining a t-value greater than 2 or less than -2.
Using a t-distribution table or calculator with degrees of freedom (df) = sample size - 1 = 16 - 1 = 15, we find that the probability of obtaining a t-value greater than 2 or less than -2 is approximately 0.0456.
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If you deposit $3,725 into an account that is compounded weekly for fifteen years, what will the account balance be if the interest rate is 3.75%?
Answer:
The account balance after fifteen years with a $3,725 initial deposit and a 3.75% interest rate compounded weekly would be approximately $6,544.32.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the future account balance with compound interest, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P * (1 + r/n)^(n*t)
Where:
A = the future account balance
P = the principal amount (initial deposit)
r = the interest rate (as a decimal)
n = the number of times interest is compounded per year
t = the number of years
Given:
P = $3,725
r = 3.75% = 0.0375 (as a decimal)
n = 52 (weekly compounding, since there are 52 weeks in a year)
t = 15 years
Substituting these values into the formula, we can calculate the future account balance:
A = $3,725 * (1 + 0.0375/52)^(52*15)
A ≈ $6,544.32
5. Given that w=8x^5 3√z^2/√y . The value of x, y and z are measured with maximum percentage error of 1%, 2% and 3%, respectively. Use partial derivatives to find maximum percentage error in w. [5 marks]
To find the maximum percentage error in w, we can use the concept of partial derivatives and the error propagation formula.
Let's denote the variables x, y, and z as x0, y0, and z0, respectively, which represent their true values. And let Δx, Δy, and Δz be the corresponding percentage errors in x, y, and z.
The maximum percentage error in w can be calculated using the formula:
Δw/w = √[(∂w/∂x * Δx/x)^2 + (∂w/∂y * Δy/y)^2 + (∂w/∂z * Δz/z)^2]
Now, let's find the partial derivatives of w with respect to x, y, and z:
∂w/∂x = 40x^4 * 3√(z^2/y)
∂w/∂y = -8x^5 * 3√(z^2/y^3/2)
∂w/∂z = 16x^5 * 3√(z/y)
Substituting these partial derivatives into the error propagation formula, we have:
Δw/w = √[(40x^4 * 3√(z^2/y) * Δx/x)^2 + (-8x^5 * 3√(z^2/y^3/2) * Δy/y)^2 + (16x^5 * 3√(z/y) * Δz/z)^2]
Since we are interested in finding the maximum percentage error, we can assume the worst-case scenario where Δx, Δy, and Δz are all positive. Therefore, we can remove the absolute value signs in the formula.
Finally, to obtain the maximum percentage error, we evaluate the expression Δw/w for the given values of x0, y0, z0, Δx, Δy, and Δz.
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When calculating the probability P(-1.65 ≤ z ≤ 1.65) under the
Normal Curve
Standard we get:
Select one:
OA. 0.4505
b.0.9010
c.0.9505
OD. 0.0495
The correct answer is option C. 0.9505.
What is the probability range?To calculate the probability between -1.65 and 1.65 under the standard normal curve, we need to find the area under the curve within this range.
Using a standard normal distribution table or a statistical software, we can find the corresponding probabilities for -1.65 and 1.65.
The probability P(-1.65 ≤ z ≤ 1.65) is approximately 0.9505.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C. 0.9505.
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Use the last six digits to give values to a, b, c, d, f and g in this coursework, but replace any zeros with the value 1, as shown in this example: 08765400abcdfg: a = 8, b = 7, c = 6,d=5, f = 4, g = 1 Note: e is not used for one of these values to avoid confusion with the (natural) exponential function, i.e., e* = exp(x) in this coursework. Part 4) a) Derive the first four terms of the binomial series for (1 + x) ³. b) Calculate the number obtained by dividing the five digits bcdfg by b x 104. Use the series that you have found in a) to calculate the cube root of this number. You should work to eight decimal places. c) Find the error in the value that you have calculated in b).
The answers are a = 8, b = 7, c = 6, d = 5, f = 4, g = 1
a) The binomial series for (1 + x)³ is given by:
(1 + x)³ = 1 + 3x + 3x² + x³
Substituting x = 1, we get:
(1 + 1)³ = 1 + 3(1) + 3(1)² + (1)³
= 1 + 3 + 3 + 1
= 8
b) Dividing the five digits bcdfg by b x 10⁴, we have:
bcdfg / (7 x 10⁴)
Substituting the values, we get:
6541 / (7 x 10⁴)
= 6541 / 70000
= 0.093442857 (approx.)
Using the binomial series from part a), we can calculate the cube root of the number:
Cube root of 0.093442857 ≈ (1 + (3/10)x + (3/10²)x² + (1/10³)x³)
Substituting x = 0.093442857 in the series, we get:
≈ 1 + (3/10)(0.093442857) + (3/10²)(0.093442857)² + (1/10³)(0.093442857)³
Evaluating this expression to eight decimal places, we find:
≈ 1.02754823
c) To find the error in the value calculated in part b), we can compare it with the actual cube root of 0.093442857.
The actual cube root is approximately 0.45011514. Therefore, the error in the calculated value is:
Error = Actual value - Calculated value
= 0.45011514 - 1.02754823
= -0.57743309
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The answers are a = 8, b = 7, c = 6, d = 5, f = 4, g = 1
a) The binomial series for (1 + x)³ is given by:
(1 + x)³ = 1 + 3x + 3x² + x³
Substituting x = 1, we get:
(1 + 1)³ = 1 + 3(1) + 3(1)² + (1)³
= 1 + 3 + 3 + 1
= 8
b) Dividing the five digits bcdfg by b x 10⁴, we have:
bcdfg / (7 x 10⁴)
Substituting the values, we get:
6541 / (7 x 10⁴)
= 6541 / 70000
= 0.093442857 (approx.)
Using the binomial series from part a), we can calculate the cube root of the number:
Cube root of 0.093442857 ≈ (1 + (3/10)x + (3/10²)x² + (1/10³)x³)
Substituting x = 0.093442857 in the series, we get:
≈ 1 + (3/10)(0.093442857) + (3/10²)(0.093442857)² + (1/10³)(0.093442857)³
Evaluating this expression to eight decimal places, we find:
≈ 1.02754823
c) To find the error in the value calculated in part b), we can compare it with the actual cube root of 0.093442857.
The actual cube root is approximately 0.45011514. Therefore, the error in the calculated value is:
Error = Actual value - Calculated value
= 0.45011514 - 1.02754823
= -0.57743309
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1. Consider the sequence a = {4, 16, 64, 256, 1024,...} a. What is the common ratio? b. What are the next five terms in the sequence? 2. Consider the sequence b= {6, 2, 3, 32, 128, a. What is the comm
The common ratio of a geometric sequence is the factor by which we multiply each term to get the next term. The ratio between two consecutive terms is not constant for this sequence. The sequence is not geometric because there is no constant ratio between two consecutive terms. Therefore, there are no "next five terms" for the sequence.
1. Consider the sequence a = {4, 16, 64, 256, 1024,...}a. The common ratio is 4.
The common ratio of a geometric sequence is the factor by which we multiply each term to get the next term. The ratio between two consecutive terms is the same, 4, so we say that the common ratio is 4.
b. The next five terms in the sequence are: 4096, 16384, 65536, 262144, 1048576.2. Consider the sequence b = {6, 2, 3, 32, 128,...}a. The common ratio is 16.
The common ratio of a geometric sequence is the factor by which we multiply each term to get the next term. The ratio between two consecutive terms is not constant for this sequence.
6 ÷ 2
= 3,
2 ÷ 3
= 0.67,
3 ÷ 32 ≈ 0.0938,
32 ÷ 128
= 0.25.
The sequence is not geometric because there is no constant ratio between two consecutive terms. Therefore, there are no "next five terms" for the sequence.
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Consider the plane z = −3x + 2y - 1 in 3D space. Check if the following points are either on the plane or not on the plane. The point F = (1, 2, 0) is not on the plane on the plane The point G = (0,4,7) is not on the plane on the plane The point H = (1,4, −4) is not on the plane on the plane The point I = (2,2, −3) is not on the plane on the plane
We are asked to check if four points, F = (1, 2, 0), G = (0, 4, 7), H = (1, 4, -4), and I = (2, 2, -3), are either on the plane or not on the plane. Three out of the four given points (F, G, H) are on the plane, and point I is not on the plane.
We are given a plane defined by the equation z = -3x + 2y - 1 in 3D space. To determine if a point is on the plane defined by the equation z = -3x + 2y - 1, we substitute the coordinates of the point into the equation and check if the equation holds true.
For point F = (1, 2, 0), substituting the coordinates into the equation, we have 0 = -3(1) + 2(2) - 1, which simplifies to 0 = 0. Since the equation is satisfied, point F is on the plane.
For point G = (0, 4, 7), substituting the coordinates into the equation, we have 7 = -3(0) + 2(4) - 1, which simplifies to 7 = 7. The equation is satisfied, so point G is on the plane.
For point H = (1, 4, -4), substituting the coordinates into the equation, we have -4 = -3(1) + 2(4) - 1, which simplifies to -4 = -4. The equation is satisfied, so point H is on the plane.
For point I = (2, 2, -3), substituting the coordinates into the equation, we have -3 = -3(2) + 2(2) - 1, which simplifies to -3 = -7. The equation is not satisfied, so point I is not on the plane.
Therefore, three out of the four given points (F, G, H) are on the plane, and point I is not on the plane.
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Find the first three terms of Taylor series for F(x) = Sin(2x) + ex-2, about x=2, and use it to approximate F(4)
The first three terms of the Taylor series for the function F(x) = sin(2x) + e^(x-2) about x = 2 are F(x) ≈ -0.9093(x - 2) + 1.4545(x - 2)^2 + 1.5830(x - 2)^3. Using this approximation, F(4) is approximately equal to -0.9093(4 - 2) + 1.4545(4 - 2)^2 + 1.5830(4 - 2)^3.
The Taylor series expansion of a function provides an approximation of the function using a polynomial series. To find the Taylor series for F(x) = sin(2x) + e^(x-2) about x = 2, we need to calculate the derivatives of the function and evaluate them at x = 2.
First, let's find the derivatives:F'(x)= 2cos(2x) + e^(x-2)
F''(x) = -4sin(2x) + e^(x-2)
F'''(x) = -8cos(2x) + e^(x-2)
Next, we evaluate these derivatives at x = 2 to obtain the coefficients for the Taylor series expansion:
F(2) = sin(4) + e^0 = sin(4) + 1
F'(2) = 2cos(4) + 1
F''(2) = -4sin(4) + 1
F'''(2) = -8cos(4) + 1
The Taylor series expansion up to the third term is given by:
F(x) ≈ F(2) + F'(2)(x - 2) + (F''(2)/2!)(x - 2)^2 + (F'''(2)/3!)(x - 2)^3
Substituting the coefficients we found and simplifying, we get:
F(x) ≈ -0.9093(x - 2) + 1.4545(x - 2)^2 + 1.5830(x - 2)^3
To approximate F(4), we substitute x = 4 into the polynomial approximation:
F(4) ≈ -0.9093(4 - 2) + 1.4545(4 - 2)^2 + 1.5830(4 - 2)^3
F(4) ≈ -0.9093(2) + 1.4545(2)^2 + 1.5830(2)^3
F(4) ≈ -1.8186 + 2.909 + 6.332
F(4) ≈ 7.422
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1) Find the parametric and cartesian form of the singular solution of the DE yy'=xy¹2+2. 2) Find the general solution of the DE y=2+y'x+y'2. 3) Find the general solutions of the following DES a) yv-2yIv+y"=0 b) y"+4y=0 4) Find the general solution of the DE y"-3y'=e3x-12x.
The general solution of the differential equation y" - 3y' = e^(3x) - 12x is y = C1e^(3x) + C2e^(-x) + 2x^2 - 8x - 4, where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants. The singular solution of the first differential equation is given in both parametric and cartesian forms.
The general solutions of the second and third differential equations are provided. Finally, the general solution of the fourth differential equation is given, which includes exponential and polynomial terms.
1) The singular solution of the differential equation yy' = xy^2 + 2 can be expressed in parametric form as x = t^2 - 2 and y = t^3 - 3t + 2. In cartesian form, it is given by y = (x^3 - 6x + 8)^(1/3) - x.
2) The general solution of the differential equation y = 2 + y'x + (y')^2 is y = x^2 + 2x + C, where C is an arbitrary constant.
3) a) The general solution of the differential equation yv - 2yIv + y" = 0 is y = C1e^x + C2e^(-x), where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants.
b) The general solution of the differential equation y" + 4y = 0 is y = C1cos(2x) + C2sin(2x), where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants.
4) The general solution of the differential equation y" - 3y' = e^(3x) - 12x is y = C1e^(3x) + C2e^(-x) + 2x^2 - 8x - 4, where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants.
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What Is Log, 18 + 2log4 3 Written As A Single Logarithm?
(A) Log, 2
(B) Log, 24
(C) Log4 27
(D) Log4 162
The given expression 18 + 2log₄ 3 can be written as a single logarithm as log₄ (4¹⁸ × 3²) or log₄ 162. So, the answer is option (D) Log₄ 162.
The given expression 18 + 2log₄ 3 can be written as a single logarithm using the following logarithmic identity:
logₐ b + logₐ c = logₐ bc
This identity tells us that the sum of two logarithms with the same base is equal to the logarithm of their product. Using this identity, we can write:18 + 2log₄ 3 = log₄ (4¹⁸ × 3²)
Simplifying the expression within the logarithm, we get:
log₄ (4¹⁸ × 3²) = log₄ (4¹⁸) + log₄ (3²)
Using the identity logₐ bⁿ = n logₐ b, we can simplify further:
log₄ (4¹⁸) + log₄ (3²) = 18log₄ 4 + 2log₄ 3
Since log₄ 4 = 1, we get: 18log₄ 4 + 2log₄ 3 = 18 + 2log₄ 3
Therefore, the given expression 18 + 2log₄ 3 is equivalent to log₄ (4¹⁸ × 3²) or log₄ 162. So, the answer is option (D) Log₄ 162.
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Two students graphed the system y= ½ x + 6 y = 2x + 9 They found different solutions student 1s solution: (10,2) Student 2's solution: (-2,5) who was correct?
Answer:
Student 2's is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
(I did this with algebra not graphing btw)
Just substitute the points for both equations, and if they're both true it's the answer:
Student 1 (10,2):
y = 1/2x + 6
2 = 1/2(10) + 6
2 = 5 + 6
2 = 11
Since this is already false, this answer is false
Student 2:
y = 1/2x + 6
5 = (1/2)(-2) + 6
5 = -1 + 6
5 = 5
True, now move onto the next equation
y = 2x +9
5 = (2)(-2) + 9
5 = -4 + 9
5 = 5
Also true, which means Student 2 is correct.
2. Are the functions (sin(x), sin(2x)) orthogonal on [0, 2π]? 3. Define the transformation, T: P₂ (R)→ R2 by T(ax2 + bx + c) = (a - 3b + 2c, b-c). a. Is T linear? Prove your answer.
A set of functions is said to be orthogonal if the inner product of any two functions is zero. Hence, property 2 is satisfied. Therefore, T is a linear transformation.
Let us evaluate the inner product of the two given functions on [0, 2π]:
∫0²π sin(x)sin(2x)dx
= 1/2 ∫0²π sin(x)cos(x)dx
= 1/4 ∫0²π sin(2x)dx
= 0
Since the integral is not equal to zero, the two functions are not orthogonal on [0, 2π].3. Define the transformation,
T: P₂(R)→ R2 by T(ax²+ bx + c) = (a - 3b + 2c, b - c).
a. The given transformation is linear if the following properties hold:1. T(u + v) = T(u) + T(v) for all u and v in P₂(R).2. T(ku) = kT(u) for all k in R and u in P₂(R).Let u(x) = a1x² + b1x + c1 and v(x) = a2x² + b2x + c2 be polynomials in P₂(R).
Then,T(u + v) = T[(a1 + a2)x² + (b1 + b2)x + (c1 + c2)] = ((a1 + a2) - 3(b1 + b2) + 2(c1 + c2), (b1 + b2) - (c1 + c2))
= (a1 - 3b1 + 2c1, b1 - c1) + (a2 - 3b2 + 2c2, b2 - c2)
= T(u) + T(v)
Hence, property 1 is satisfied.
T(ku) = T(k(a1x² + b1x + c1))
= T(ka1x² + kb1x + kc1) = (ka1 - 3kb1 + 2kc1, kb1 - kc1)
= k(a1 - 3b1 + 2c1, b1 - c1)
= kT(u)
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Find c satisfying the Mean Value Theorem for integrals with f(x), g(x) in the interval [0, 1]. a) f(x) = x, g(x) = x b) f(x) = x², g(x) = x c) f(x)=x, g(x) = ex
Te value of c which satisfies the mean value theorem for integrals with f(x)=x and g(x)=ex in the interval [0, 1] is c= 1/2.
So, the answer is C
We need to find c that satisfies the mean value theorem for integrals.
Let's solve the problem by applying the mean value theorem for integrals.
Mean Value Theorem for Integrals:
If f(x) is a continuous function on the closed interval [a, b], then there exists at least one number c in the interval (a, b) such that:
f(c) = (1/(b-a))∫[a,b]f(x)dx
We have to find such a number c.⇒ f(x) = x and g(x) = ex, in the interval [0, 1].∴ f(x) and g(x) are continuous in the closed interval [0, 1].∴ f(x) and g(x) are also continuous in the open interval (0, 1).
Let's calculate the integral using the formula of the mean value theorem.∴ (1/(b-a))∫[a,b]f(x)dx = f(c)∴ (1/(1-0))∫[0,1] xdx = f(c)∴ ∫[0,1] xdx = f(c)∴ (x²/2) [from 0 to 1] = f(c)∴ [1²/2 - 0²/2] = f(c)∴ 1/2 = f(c)∴ c = 1/2
Therefore, the value of c which satisfies the mean value theorem for integrals with f(x)=x and g(x)=ex in the interval [0, 1] is c= 1/2.
Hence, option C is correct.
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Find the solution to the boundary value problem:
d²y/dt² - 9dy/dt + 18y = 0, y(0) = 5, y(1) = 6
The solution is y= ____
The particular solution to the boundary value problem is: y(t) = c₁[tex]e^{6t}[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{3t}[/tex]
To solve the given boundary value problem, we can assume a solution of the form y(t) = [tex]e^{rt}[/tex], where r is a constant to be determined.
Differentiating y(t) with respect to t, we have:
dy/dt = r[tex]e^{rt}[/tex]
Differentiating again, we have:
d²y/dt² = r²[tex]e^{rt}[/tex]
Substituting these derivatives into the original differential equation, we get: r²[tex]e^{rt}[/tex] - 9r[tex]e^{rt}[/tex] + 18[tex]e^{rt}[/tex] = 0
Factoring out [tex]e^{rt}[/tex], we have:
[tex]e^{rt}[/tex] (r² - 9r + 18) = 0
For the product to be zero, either [tex]e^{rt}[/tex] = 0 (which is not possible) or (r² - 9r + 18) = 0.
Solving the quadratic equation r² - 9r + 18 = 0, we can use the quadratic formula:
r = (-(-9) ± √((-9)² - 4(1)(18))) / (2(1))
r = (9 ± √(81 - 72)) / 2
r = (9 ± √9) / 2
r = (9 ± 3) / 2
There are two possible values for r:
r₁ = (9 + 3) / 2 = 12 / 2 = 6
r₂ = (9 - 3) / 2 = 6 / 2 = 3
Since we have distinct real roots, the general solution is given by:
y(t) = c₁[tex]e^{r1t}[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{r2t}[/tex]
To find the specific solution that satisfies the given boundary conditions, we substitute the values y(0) = 5 and y(1) = 6 into the general solution:
y(0) = c₁[tex]e^{r1t}[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{r2(0)}[/tex] = c₁ + c₂ = 5
y(1) = c₁[tex]e^{r1(1)}[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{r2(1)}[/tex] = c₁[tex]e^{r1}[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{r2}[/tex] = 6
We can solve these equations to find the values of c₁ and c₂. Subtracting the first equation from the second, we get:
c₁[tex]e^{r1}[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{r2}[/tex] - (c₁ + c₂) = 6 - 5
c₁([tex]e^{r1}[/tex] - 1) + c₂([tex]e^{r2}[/tex] - 1) = 1
Using the values r₁ = 6 and r₂ = 3, we have:
c₁(e⁶ - 1) + c₂(e³ - 1) = 1
Unfortunately, we cannot determine the specific values of c₁ and c₂ without more information or numerical methods. Therefore, the solution to the boundary value problem is given by:
y(t) = c₁[tex]e^{6t}[/tex] + c₂[tex]e^{3t}[/tex]
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Let F be a field, and let V be a finite-dimensional vector space over IF.. if and only if [v] = []s for every (a) Let and be linear operators on V. Show that ordered basis B of V. (b) Lett be a linear operator on V, and let B be an ordered basis of V. Show that [(u)]s = [v]s[u]s for every u € V. Furthermore, if [(u)]s = A[u]s for every u EV, with A E M, (F), show that [V]B = A
The given statement is about linear operators on a finite-dimensional vector space V over a field F. These results are proven by expressing vectors and linear operators in terms of ordered bases.
(a) To prove that [T(v)]_B = [S(v)]_B for every v in V, we consider the coordinate representation of T(v) and S(v) with respect to the ordered basis B. The coordinate representation of T(v) is denoted as [T(v)]_B, and similarly for S(v). By expressing T(v) and S(v) as linear combinations of basis vectors in B, we can equate their coordinate representations and show their equality.
(b) To prove that [T]_B = A, we need to demonstrate that the coordinate representation of T with respect to B is given by the matrix A. We already know that [u]_B = A[u]_B for every u in V. By expressing T(u) as a linear combination of basis vectors in B and using the linearity of T, we can equate the coordinate representation of T(u) with A[u]_B. This equality holds for all u in V, which implies that [T]_B = A.
The given statement involves showing that coordinate representations of linear operators on a finite-dimensional vector space are consistent with matrix representations.
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Define a relation R on N by (a,b) e R if and only if - EN. Which of the following properties does R b satisfy?
-Reflexive
-Symmetric
-Antisymmetric
-Transitive
R satisfies all four properties, which are: Reflexive ,Symmetric ,Antisymmetric ,Transitive.
The given relation R on N by (a, b) e R if and only if - EN is the empty relation, which means that no elements in N are related.
Therefore, R satisfies all four properties, which are:
Definition of Reflexive:
A binary relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is related to itself. i.e. (a, a) e R for all a ∈ A.
Definition of Symmetric:
A binary relation R on a set A is said to be symmetric if (a, b) e R implies (b, a) e R for all a, b ∈ A.
Definition of Antisymmetric:
A binary relation R on a set A is said to be antisymmetric if (a, b) e R and (b, a) e R implies that a = b.
Definition of Transitive:
A binary relation R on a set A is said to be transitive if (a, b) e R and (b, c) e R implies (a, c) e R for all a, b, c ∈ A.
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A company estimates that it will sell N(x) units of product after spending $x thousands on advertising, as given by
N(x) = -.25x^4 + 13x^3 - 180x^2 + 10,000 15<= x <= 24
When is the rate of change of sales increasing and when is it decreasing? What is the point of diminishing returns and the maximum rate of change of sales? Graph N and N' on the same coordinate system.
The rate of change of sales is increasing when x < 15 and decreasing when x > 15. The point of diminishing returns occurs at x = 15, where the maximum rate of change of sales is reached.
Graphing N(x) and N'(x) on the same coordinate system visually represents the sales and its rate of change. The rate of change of sales, N'(x), is increasing when x < 15 and decreasing when x > 15. This can be determined by analyzing the sign of the derivative N'(x) = -x^3 + 39x^2 - 360x.
The point of diminishing returns corresponds to x = 15, where the rate of change changes from positive to negative. At this point, the maximum rate of change of sales is achieved. The graph N(x) and N'(x) on the same coordinate system, plot the function N(x) = -.25x^4 + 13x^3 - 180x^2 + 10,000 and the derivative N'(x) = -x^3 + 39x^2 - 360x. The x-axis represents the advertising spending (x), and the y-axis represents the units of product sold (N) and the rate of change of sales (N').
By plotting N(x) and N'(x) on the same graph, we can visually observe the behavior of sales and its rate of change over the given range of x (15 to 24). The graph allows us to identify the point of diminishing returns at x = 15 and visualize the maximum rate of change of sales.
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.Information is given about a polynomial f(x) whose coefficients are real numbers. Find the remaining zeros of 1. Degree 3, zeros -6, 8-i The remaining zero(s) of fis(are) (Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)
A polynomial is a sum of two or more than two monomials. It is generally denoted by the symbol p(x), and every polynomial has a degree. The degree of the polynomial is the highest power of its variable.
Given the following data, we are supposed to determine the remaining zeros of the polynomial f(x). Degree 3, zeros -6, 8-i
The polynomial is of degree 3, therefore it will have three zeros. Out of three zeros, one zero is given, and we need to determine the remaining zeros of the polynomial f(x).
We are given that the given polynomial is of degree 3. Also, two zeros are given i.e -6 and 8-i. Therefore, the remaining zero will be the conjugate of the complex zero. This is because the coefficient of the given polynomial is real number, and we know that the complex zeros always occur in conjugate pairs.
Hence, the remaining zeros of the polynomial are 8+i, 8-i.
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Given the function f(x,y)=x³-5x² + 4xy-y2-16x - 10.
Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE?
A. (-2,-4) is a maximum point of f and ( 8/3 , 16/3) is a saddled point of f.
B. None of the choices in this list.
C. (-2,-4) is a minimum point of f and (8/3, 16/3) is a maximum point of f.
D. Both (-2.-4) and (8/3, 16/3) are saddle points of f.
The statement that is TRUE is option D: Both (-2,-4) and (8/3, 16/3) are saddle points of f. To determine the critical points of the function f(x, y), we need to find the points where the partial derivatives with respect to x and y are equal to zero.
Taking the partial derivatives of f(x, y) with respect to x and y, we get:
∂f/∂x = 3x² - 10x + 4y - 16
∂f/∂y = 4x - 2y
Setting these partial derivatives equal to zero and solving the system of equations, we find the critical points. In this case, the critical points are (-2, -4) and (8/3, 16/3).
To determine the nature of these critical points, we can use the second partial derivative test.
By calculating the second partial derivatives and evaluating them at the critical points, we can determine whether they correspond to maximum points, minimum points, or saddle points.
By evaluating the second partial derivatives at (-2, -4) and (8/3, 16/3), we find that the determinant of the Hessian matrix is negative for both points, indicating that they are saddle points.
Therefore, option D is the correct statement as it correctly identifies (-2, -4) and (8/3, 16/3) as saddle points of the function f(x, y).
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Use the modified Euler's method to obtain an approximate
solution of dy/dt = -2ty², y(0) = 1, in the interval 0 ≤t≤ 0.5
using h = 0.1. Compute the error and the percentage error. Given
the exact
The given differential equation is dy/dt = -2ty², y(0) = 1, in the interval 0 ≤t≤ 0.5 using h = 0.1.
The modified Euler's method is given by:
yi+1 = yi + 1/2 * h[f(ti, yi) + f(ti+1, yi + h*f(ti, yi))]
The step size is h = 0.1. And, the values of the solution of y and t are to be determined at each step of the method.
We have:y0 = 1t0 = 0h = 0.1
We need to determine the values of t and y at each step until t = 0.5.
We can use the formula to determine these values.
Using Euler's method we get;
yi+1 = yi + hf(ti, yi)
Let us now fill the table as shown below:tiyi= y[tex](t)0.00.11(0 + 0.1)2y1= 1 + 0.1[-2(0) (1)2]= 1.0020.12(0.1 + 0.1)2y2= 1.002 + 0.1[-2(0.1)(1.002)2]= 1.0040.23(0.2 + 0.1)2y3= 1.004 + 0.1[-2(0.2)(1.004)2]= 1.0080.34(0.3 + 0.1)2y4= 1.008 + 0.1[-2(0.3)(1.008)2]= 1.0150.45(0.4 + 0.1)2y5= 1.015 + 0.1[-2(0.4)(1.015)2]= 1.0260.5[/tex]
The values of t and y are shown in the table above. At t = 0.5,
the approximate solution of the given differential equation is y5 = 1.026.
Let us now find the error and percentage error between the approximate solution and the exact solution.
The exact solution of the given differential equation is y = 1 / (1 + t²).
The value of the exact solution at t = 0.5 isy = 1 / (1 + 0.5²) = 0.8.
The error is given by;e = y - y5= 0.8 - 1.026= -0.226
The percentage error is given by;% error = [e / y] * 100= [(-0.226) / 0.8] * 100= -28.25%.
Therefore, the approximate solution of the given differential equation by using the modified Euler's method is y5 = 1.026. And, the error and percentage error between the approximate solution and the exact solution are -0.226 and -28.25% respectively.
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Find the point on the graph of z = 2y^2 – 3x^2 at which vector n = (36, 24, 3) is normal to the tangent plane.
P=
Find the linear approximation to f(x, y, z) = ху/z at the point (-2,3,-2):
f(x, y, z) =
The linear approximation to `f(x, y, z) = xy/z` at the point `(-2, 3, -2)` is `L(x, y, z) = 6`.
The first part of the question is asking to find the point on the graph of `z = 2y^2 – 3x^2` at which the vector `n = (36, 24, 3)` is normal to the tangent plane.
To find the point of intersection, follow these steps:
1. Find the partial derivatives of `z = 2y^2 – 3x^2` with respect to x and y. `∂z/∂x = -6x` and `∂z/∂y = 4y`.
2. Evaluate the partial derivatives at a point on the surface (x,y,z) to obtain the gradient vector. `grad(z) = (-6x, 4y, 1)`.
3. Use the dot product to find the tangent plane. `r · grad(z) = 36x - 24y + 3z = c`.
4. Use the given normal vector `n = (36, 24, 3)` to find the constant `c` of the tangent plane. `c = r · n = -2(36) - 3(24) + 2(9) = -147`.
5. Substitute `c` into the equation of the tangent plane. `36x - 24y + 3z = -147`.
6. Substitute `z = 2y^2 - 3x^2` into the equation of the tangent plane. `36x - 24y + 6y^2 - 9x^2 = -147`.
7. Solve the equation to find the x and y coordinates of the point of intersection. `x = ±3, y = ±2`.
8. Substitute the x and y values into `z = 2y^2 - 3x^2` to obtain the z-coordinate. `z = -21`
.Therefore, the point on the graph of `z = 2y^2 – 3x^2` at which `n = (36, 24, 3)` is normal to the tangent plane is `P = (-3, -2, -21)`.
The second part of the question is asking to find the linear approximation to `f(x, y, z) = xy/z` at the point `(-2, 3, -2)`.
The linear approximation is given by:`L(x, y, z) = f(a, b, c) + ∂f/∂x(a, b, c)(x - a) + ∂f/∂y(a, b, c)(y - b) + ∂f/∂z(a, b, c)(z - c)`where `a = -2`, `b = 3`, and `c = -2`.
1. Find the partial derivatives of `f(x, y, z) = xy/z` with respect to x, y, and z.`∂f/∂x = y/z`, `∂f/∂y = x/z`, `∂f/∂z = -xy/z^2`.
2. Evaluate the partial derivatives at the point `(-2, 3, -2)` to obtain the gradient vector. `grad(f) = (-3/2, 1, 3/4)`.
3. Use the formula to find the linear approximation. `L(x, y, z) = f(-2, 3, -2) - (3/2)(x + 2) + (y/(-2))(y - 3) + (-3/8)(z + 2)`.
4. Substitute the point `(-2, 3, -2)` into the linear approximation. `L(-2, 3, -2) = 6 - (3/2)(-2 + 2) + (3/(-2))(3 - 3) + (-3/8)(-2 + 2) = 6`.
Therefore, the linear approximation to `f(x, y, z) = xy/z` at the point `(-2, 3, -2)` is `L(x, y, z) = 6`.
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Find a general solution to the given differential equation. 56y"+17y'-3y=0 A general solution is y(t) = c₁ e - Too + C₂ e 1 311 -t
The general solution of the given differential equation is y(t) = 28.929e^(-0.06875t) - 25.929e^(0.04518t).
A second-order differential equation is a differential equation in which the highest derivative of the unknown function is of order two. The general solution of the given differential equation 56y" + 17y' - 3y = 0 is y(t) = c₁ e^(-t/56) + C₂ e^(3t/17). A solution to the given differential equation that contains two arbitrary constants is known as the general solution.
Because the differential equation is linear, any linear combination of two particular solutions will also be a solution.
Consider the differential equation 56y" + 17y' - 3y = 0. For y = e^(rt), where r is a constant, let's solve the associated characteristic equation 56r^2 + 17r - 3 = 0. The roots of the characteristic equation are r = (-17 ± sqrt(17^2 + 4*56*3)) / (2*56) = -0.06875, 0.04518.
Because both roots are distinct and real, the general solution is y(t) = c₁ e^(-0.06875t) + C₂ e^(0.04518t). We'll use initial values to figure out what values of the constants c₁ and c₂ work.
Let y = f(t) be the solution to the initial value problem y"(t) + 17y'(t) - 3y(t) = 0, y(0) = 3, y'(0) = 1.
We can find c₁ and c₂ by substituting the initial values into the general solution. We get 3 = c₁ + C₂, 1 = -0.06875c₁ + 0.04518C₂.
We may now solve these two equations for c₁ and c₂ to obtain c₁ = 28.929 and c₂ = -25.929.
Differential equation is y(t) = 28.929e^(-0.06875t) - 25.929e^(0.04518t).
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Write the equation of the line with the given slope and the given y-intercept. Leave the answer in slope-intercept form. 7 Slope, y-intercept (0, -6) What is the equation of the line? 0 (Simplify your answer)
The equation: gives the linear equation's slope-intercept form i.e. y = mx + b. This form uses "m" to denote the line's rate of change, which shows how much the y-coordinate shifts with each unit increase in the x-coordinate. The slope controls the line's steepness and direction.
When graphing linear equations and determining a line's slope and y-intercept rapidly, the slope-intercept form is especially helpful. It offers a clear and understandable illustration of a linear relationship between the variables.
The equation of the line with the given slope 7 and the given
y-intercept (0, -6) is
y = 7x - 6. The equation of the line in slope-intercept form is
y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
Given that the slope is 7 and the y-intercept is (0, -6), we can substitute those values into the equation to get:
y = 7x - 6. Therefore, the equation of the line is
y = 7x - 6.
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Certain standardized math exams had a mean of 120 and a standard deviation of 20. Of students who take this exam, what percent could you expect to score between 100 and 120? 50 47.5 49.85 34
To find the percentage of students who could score between 100 and 120, we need to use the Z-score formula. The answer is 34%.
Step by step answer:
The formula to find the z-score is given by:
(X- μ) / σw
here X = the score of the student
μ = the population mean
σ = the population standard deviation
Here, the mean is given as 120 and the standard deviation is given as 20. To find the z-score for X = 100,
we get: Z-score = (100-120)/20
= -1
For X = 120,
Z-score = (120-120)/20
= 0
Now, we can use a standard normal distribution table to find the percentage of students who score between -1 and 0 standard deviations from the mean. This corresponds to the area between -1 and 0 on the z-score distribution curve. Using a standard normal distribution table, we can find that this area is approximately 34%.Therefore, the answer is 34%.
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(a) Find the values of z, zER, for which the matrix
x3 x
9 1
has inverse (marks-2 per part)
x=
x=
x=
(b) Consider the vectors - (3,0) and 7- (5,5).
(i.) Find the size of the acute angle between i and ü. Angle-
(ii). If -(k, 3) is orthogonal to , what is the value of ke k [2 marks]
(c) Let J be the linear transformation from R2 R2 which is a reflection in the horizontal axis followed by a scaling by the factor 2.
(i) If the matrix of J is W y 1₁ what are y and z
y= [2 marks]
z= [2 marks] U N || 62 -H 9 has no inverse. [6 marks-2 per part] [2 marks]
(d) Consider the parallelepiped P in R³ whose adjacent sides are (0,3,0), (3, 0, 0) and (-1,1, k), where k € Z. If the volume of P is 180, find the two possible values of k. [4 marks-2 each]
k=
k=
(e) Given that the vectors = (1,-1,1,-1, 1) and =(-1, k, 1, k, 8) are orthogonal, find the magnitude of . Give your answer in surd form. [3 marks]
v=
(a) To find the values of z for which the matrix does not have an inverse, we can set up the determinant of the matrix and solve for z when the determinant is equal to zero.
The given matrix is:
|x3 x|
|9 1|
The determinant of a 2x2 matrix can be found using the formula ad - bc. Applying this formula to the given matrix, we have:
Det = (x3)(1) - (9)(x) = x3 - 9x
For the matrix to have an inverse, the determinant must be non-zero. Therefore, we solve the equation x3 - 9x = 0:
x(x2 - 9) = 0
This equation has two solutions: x = 0 and x2 - 9 = 0. Solving x2 - 9 = 0, we find x = ±3.
So, the values of x for which the matrix has no inverse are x = 0 and x = ±3.
(b) (i) To find the size of the acute angle between the vectors (3,0) and (5,5), we can use the dot product formula:
u · v = |u| |v| cos θ
where u and v are the given vectors, |u| and |v| are their magnitudes, and θ is the angle between them.
Calculating the dot product:
(3,0) · (5,5) = 3(5) + 0(5) = 15
The magnitudes of the vectors are:
|u| = sqrt(3^2 + 0^2) = 3
|v| = sqrt(5^2 + 5^2) = 5 sqrt(2)
Substituting these values into the dot product formula:
15 = 3(5 sqrt(2)) cos θ
Simplifying:
cos θ = 15 / (3(5 sqrt(2))) = 1 / (sqrt(2))
To find the acute angle θ, we take the inverse cosine of 1 / (sqrt(2)):
θ = arccos(1 / (sqrt(2)))
(ii) If the vector (-k, 3) is orthogonal to (5,5), it means their dot product is zero:
(-k, 3) · (5,5) = (-k)(5) + 3(5) = -5k + 15 = 0
Solving for k:
-5k = -15
k = 3
So, the value of k is 3.
(c) Let J be the linear transformation from R2 to R2 that reflects points in the horizontal axis and then scales them by a factor of 2. The matrix of J can be found by multiplying the reflection matrix and the scaling matrix.
The reflection matrix in the horizontal axis is:
|1 0|
|0 -1|
The scaling matrix by a factor of 2 is:
|2 0|
|0 2|
Multiplying these two matrices:
J = |1 0| * |2 0| = |2 0|
|0 -1| |0 2| |0 -2|
So, the matrix of J is:
|2 0|
|0 -2|
Therefore, y = 2 and z = -2.
(d) The volume of a parallelepiped can be found by taking the dot product of two adjacent sides and then taking the absolute value of the result.
The adjacent sides of the parallelepiped P are (0,3,0)
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A statistics analyst took a random sample of size 56. The sample mean and standard deviation are 72 and 10, respectively.
a. Determine the 95% confidence interval estimate of the population mean
b. Change the simple mean to n=40, then estimate the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.
c. Describe what happens to the width of the interval when the sample mean decreases
a. The 95% confidence interval estimate of statistics analyst the population mean is [69.356, 74.644].
This means that we are 95% confident that the true population mean falls within this interval. The direct answer includes the lower limit of 69.356 and the upper limit of 74.644. The 95% confidence interval estimate for the population mean, based on the given sample of size 56, is [69.356, 74.644]. This range suggests that the true population mean has a high probability of lying between these two values. The confidence level of 95% indicates our degree of certainty regarding the accuracy of this estimate. A statistics analyst is a professional who specializes in analyzing and interpreting data using statistical techniques. They work with data from various sources, such as surveys, experiments, and observational studies, to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships that can provide insights and inform decision-making.
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Scores on a certain test are normally distributed with a mean of 84 and a standard deviation of 5. Find: the percentage of test scores that are above 87 the percentage of test scores that are between 77 and 87 above 87: 27.4% between 77 and 87: 8.1% O above 87: 72.6% between 77 and 87: 91.9% above 87: 27.4% between 77 and 87: 91.9% above 87: 27.4% between 77 and 87: 64.5% above 87: 8.1% between 77 and 87: 64.5% O OO
the percentage of test scores between 77 and 87 is 64.5%.
To find the percentage of test scores that are above a certain value or between two values in a normal distribution, we can use the Z-score and the standard normal distribution table.
a) Percentage of test scores above 87:
First, we need to calculate the Z-score for the value 87 using the formula:
Z = (X - μ) / σ
where X is the value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.
Z = (87 - 84) / 5
Z = 0.6
Using the standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can find the percentage corresponding to a Z-score of 0.6. The table indicates that the percentage is approximately 72.6%.
Therefore, the percentage of test scores above 87 is 72.6%.
b) Percentage of test scores between 77 and 87:
We need to calculate the Z-scores for the values 77 and 87 using the same formula as above.
For 77:
Z = (77 - 84) / 5
Z = -1.4
For 87:
Z = (87 - 84) / 5
Z = 0.6
Using the standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can find the percentages corresponding to the Z-scores of -1.4 and 0.6, respectively. The table indicates that the percentage corresponding to -1.4 is approximately 8.1% and the percentage corresponding to 0.6 is approximately 72.6%.
To find the percentage between these two values, we subtract the smaller percentage from the larger percentage:
Percentage between 77 and 87 = 72.6% - 8.1%
Percentage between 77 and 87 = 64.5%
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An agent claims that there is no difference between the average pay of safeties and linebackers in a Pro League. A survey of 15 safeties found an average salary of $501,580, and a survey of 15 linebackers found an average salary of $513,360. If the standard deviation in the first sample is $20,000 and the standard deviation in the second sample is $18,000, is the agent correct? Use a=0.01. Assume the population variances are not equal. You are required to do the "Seven-Steps Classical Approach as we did in our class". No credit for p-value test. 1. Define: 2. Hypothesis: 3. Sample: 4. Test: 5. Critical Region: 6. Computation: 7. Decision:
1. Let μ₁ be the population mean salary of safeties, and μ₂ be the population mean salary of linebackers.
2. Null hypothesis (H0): μ1 = μ2 (There is no difference between the average pay of safeties and linebackers.)
Alternative hypothesis (H1): μ1 ≠ μ2 (There is a difference between the average pay of safeties and linebackers.)
3. For safeties: n₁ = 15, [tex]\bar{X_1}[/tex] = $501,580, σ₁ = $20,000
For linebackers: n₂ = 15,[tex]\bar{X_2}[/tex] = $513,360, σ₂ = $18,000
4. We will use the two-sample t-test for independent samples to test the hypothesis.
5. the critical t-value is approximately ±2.763.
6. the test statistic (t-value) is - 1.680
7. the calculated t-value (-1.680) does not fall within the critical region of ±2.763, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
1. Define:
Let μ₁ be the population mean salary of safeties, and μ₂ be the population mean salary of linebackers.
Let [tex]\bar{X_1}[/tex] be the sample mean salary of safeties, [tex]\bar{X_2}[/tex] be the sample mean salary of linebackers.
Let n₁ be the sample size of safeties (15), n₂ be the sample size of linebackers (15).
Let σ₁ be the standard deviation of safeties ($20,000), and σ₂ be the standard deviation of linebackers ($18,000).
2. Hypothesis:
Null hypothesis (H0): μ1 = μ2 (There is no difference between the average pay of safeties and linebackers.)
Alternative hypothesis (H1): μ1 ≠ μ2 (There is a difference between the average pay of safeties and linebackers.)
3. Sample:
For safeties: n₁ = 15, [tex]\bar{X_1}[/tex] = $501,580, σ₁ = $20,000
For linebackers: n₂ = 15,[tex]\bar{X_2}[/tex] = $513,360, σ₂ = $18,000
4. Test:
We will use the two-sample t-test for independent samples to test the hypothesis.
5. Critical Region:
Since the significance level (α) is given as 0.01, we will use a two-tailed test.
Using a t-table or t-distribution calculator with α/2 = 0.01/2 = 0.005 and degrees of freedom df = n₁ + n₂ - 2 = 15 + 15 - 2 = 28, the critical t-value is approximately ±2.763.
6. Computation:
Calculate the test statistic (t-value) using the formula:
t = ([tex]\bar{X_1}-\bar{X_2}[/tex]) / √((σ₁² / n₁) + (σ₂² / n₂))
t = ($501,580 - $513,360) / √((($20,000²) / 15) + (($18,000²) / 15))
t = -11680 / √((400000000 / 15) + (324000000 / 15))
t ≈ -11680 / √(26666666.67 + 21600000)
t ≈ -11680 / √(48266666.67)
t ≈ -11680 / 6949.89
t ≈ -1.680
7. Decision:
Since the calculated t-value (-1.680) does not fall within the critical region of ±2.763, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, based on the sample data, we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant difference between the average pay of safeties and linebackers in the Pro League.
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