Heat flows from the hot fluid to the cold fluid, and the amount of heat transferred is directly dependent on the temperature difference between the two sides.
What is heat exchange?
In a heat exchanger, heat flows from the hot fluid to the cold fluid, and the amount of heat transferred is directly dependent on the temperature difference between the two sides.
In a parallel flow arrangement, the cold inlet and hot inlet are interacting with each other. At that entry point, the temperature difference is wide, and heat transfers quickly.
As the streams pass through the parallel-flow exchanger, they start to approach each other’s temperature. The heat transfer rate drops in line with the reduction in temperature difference.
Now we have the answer to your question. It is impossible for the exit temperature of the cold liquid to exceed the exit temperature of the hot liquid. This is because once the same temperature is reached, all heat transfer stops because there is no temperature difference.
This limitation of parallel flow heat exchangers is the reason most heat exchangers are arranged in counterflow. The counter-flow design results in a higher average temperature difference and greater heat transfer.
Therefore, heat flows from the hot fluid to the cold fluid, and the amount of heat transferred is directly dependent on the temperature difference between the two sides.
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in the figure, unpolarized light with an intensity of 28.0 w/m^2 is sent into a system of four polarizing sheets with polarizing directions at angles
Intensity of light is a measurement of the amount of power either emitted or reflected by a source, and it can be calculated using either the total wave output, luminosity, or brightness. passing through polarized sheets
How to calculate intensity of light passing through polarized sheet ?
The intensity of unpolarized light , Iⁿ = 28 W/m²
The intensity of light passing through, I¹= 0.5 × Iⁿ
I¹ = 14 W/m²
The intensity of light passing through the second polarizer , I² = I¹ × (cos(theta1 + 90 - theta2) )²
I² = 14 × cos^2(40 + 90 - 20) W/m²
I² = 1.64 W/m²
The intensity of light passing through the third polarizer , I³ = I²× (cos(180 - theta2 - theta1) )²
I³ = 1.64 × cos^2(180 - 20 - 20) W/m²
I³= 0.962 W/m²
The intensity of light passing through the fourth polarizer , I⁴= I³ ×(cos(theta3 + 90 + theta4) )²
I⁴ = 0.962 * cos^2(28 + 90 + 20) W/m²
I⁴ = 0.53 W/m²
The intensity of the light that emerges from the system is 0.53 W/m²
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The supplied statement states that perhaps the system's light output has a 0.53 W/m² intensity.
What does intensity mean according to science?The rate at which a wave moves over just a substrate in a given amount of time and space is referred to as its intensity. It is additionally equal to the wave speed times the power density. It is commonly evaluated in Watts per square meter. The intensity of a beam depends on its height and power.
Briefing:Here,
The intensity of unpolarized light , I0 = 28 W/m²
The brightness of the light that comes through I1 = 0.5 * I0
I1 = 14 W/m²
Light output through to the second polarizer, measured in intensity,
I2 = I1 * (cos(∅1 + 90 - ∅2) )²
I2 = 14 * cos²(40 + 90 - 20) W/m²
I2 = 1.64 W/m²
Light output through the third polarizer, in terms of intensity I3 = I2 * (cos(180 - ∅2 - ∅1) )²
I3 = 1.64 * cos²(180 - 20 - 20) W/m²
I3 = 0.962 W/m²
The fourth polarizer's ability to intensify light,
I4 = I3 * (cos(∅3 + 90 + ∅4) )²
I4 = 0.962 * cos²(28 + 90 + 20) W/m²
I4 = 0.53 W/m²
The process delivers sunlight that has a 0.53 W/m² intensity.
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The complete question is-
In the figure, unpolarized light with an intensity of 28.0 W/m2 is sent into a system of four polarizing sheets with polarizing directions at angles θ1 = 40.0˚, θ2 = 20.0˚, θ3 = 20.0˚, and θ4 = 28.0˚, What is the intensity of the light that emerges from the system?
In comparing two unequal forces on a rigid body, is it possible to have the larger force produce less torque than the smaller force?.
Two forces produce the same torque but this will not ensure that they have the same magnitude of torque because torque is the product of force times distance.
Explain about Torque?Torque is a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis. Just as force is what causes an object to accelerate in linear kinematics, torque is what causes an object to acquire angular acceleration. Torque is a vector quantity.The physical quantities for which both magnitude and direction are defined distinctly are known as vector quantities. For example, a boy is riding a bike with a velocity of 30 km/hr in a north-east direction.The quantity torque (or moment of force) may be thought of as the cross product of force and distance and the SI unit for torque is Newton metre, N m (m2 kg s-2).We need to complete the description of the problem, searching in internet we have:"Sometimes, even with a wrench, one cannot loosen a nut that is frozen tightly to a bolt. It is often possible to loosen the nut by slipping one end of a long pipe over the wrench handle and pushing at the other end of the pipe.No, Because torque is the product of force times distance, two different forces that act at different distances could still give the same torque.
T = F * d
where:
T = torque [N*m]
F = force [N]
d = distance [m]
We can see in the above equation, that increasing the distance increases torque proportionally.
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for laminar flow of air over flat plates with uniform surface temperature, the curve that most closely describes how the average heat transfer coefficient changes with the length of the plate is
The curve that most accurately depicts how the average heat transfer coefficient decreases with the length of the plate is increasing for a laminar flow of air over flat plates with uniform surface temperature.
Laminar flow in fluid dynamics is characterized by fluid particles travelling in layers along clean routes, passing each other without much or any mixing between them. Adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards when the fluid is moving at low speeds because it tends to Laminar flow without lateral mixing. Convective heat transfer between a fluid medium (a fluid) and the surface (a wall) it flows over is quantified by the heat transfer coefficient. heat transfer coefficient can be seen in the Newton-Richmann relation as a proportionality factor.
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the frictional force acting in the drum set does negative work does friction always do negative work if yes explain why if no give an example of friction doing positive work
Yes,Sometimes friction does positive work
What is friction?Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. There are several types of friction: Dry friction is a force that opposes the relative lateral motion of two solid surfaces in contact.
Friction is a type of contact force and one of it's best advantage is that it enables walking and enables the application of brake in vehicles and other automobile.
Though friction has many disadvantags like wear and tear of material, loss of heat energy and reducing efficiency but it also have some positive effect in daily life as mentioned above.
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what angle would the axis of a polarizing filter need to make with the direction of polarized light of intensity 1.00 kw/m2 to reduce the intensity to 50.0 w/m2?
Angle of axis of a polarizing filter would be 0.22°.
Malus law explains, "whenever a light beam is passing through any polarizer, the intensity of the resultant beam is less than that of the incident beam." Let I and I₀ be the resultant and incident beam, and ∅ be the angle of the polarizer. So, the resultant intensity is given by:
I = I₀cos²∅
cos²∅ = [tex]\frac{I}{I_{0} }[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{50W/m^{2} }{1.0 kW/m^{2} }[/tex]
= 0.05
cos∅ = [tex]\sqrt{0.05}[/tex]
∅ = 0.22°
What's the process of a polarizing filter?
Light that vibrates in one way can pass through polarizing filters, while light that vibrates in the opposite direction is absorbed. Scientific tools make considerable use of these filters.
Why, in physics, is a polarizing filter useful to a photographer?
Circular polarizing filters decrease reflections coming from the objects you are photographing and screw into the thread of your lens. This may result in a darker, richer sky color and the ability to see through water and windows that would otherwise just reflect surface reflections.
What impact does polarization have?
Polarization is a phenomenon that makes batteries function worse. The electrode potential is displaced from equilibrium by this impact. Activation and concentration are the two different kinds of polarization.
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Finally, Joe turns his attention to the mountain in the distance but finds that he cannot bring the mountain into focus. This is because he is nearsighted. But when Joe puts on his glasses, he can see the mountain clearly. To adjust for his nearsightedness, his glasses must contain _____ lenses.
Mountain --- Tree --- Squirrel --- Joe
converging
diverging
Finally, Joe turns his attention to the mountain in the distance but finds that he cannot bring the mountain into focus. This is because he is nearsighted. But when Joe puts on his glasses, he can see the mountain clearly. To adjust for his nearsightedness, his glasses must contain less than lenses.
What is Lenses?
Lenses are essentially curved-sided magnifying glasses. A lens is a transparent piece of glass that, when light rays travel through it through refraction, either focuses or disperses them. Lenses are employed in telescopes and other magnifying equipment because of their enlarging capabilities. For the purpose of collecting light, they are used in cameras.
For the purpose of collecting light, cameras utilise a number of lenses rather than just one. The relationship between the size of the image generated by a lens and the size of the object is known as magnification. In order to prevent blurriness or distortion in the picture the lens creates, lenses can also be utilized in groups.
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when a rigid object rotates about a fixed axis, what is true about all the points in the object? (there could be more than one correct choice.)
When a rigid object rotates about a fixed axis, it is true about all the points in the object.
The idea of a body that does not deform or alter shape is a hard body. It is described as a collection of particles having the property that the distance between them stays constant throughout the body's motions.
The rotation of a rigid body, or an item that does not deform when it moves around a fixed axis is referred to as fixed axis rotation. We'll demonstrate how to apply the theories we've discovered so far regarding translational motion to a rotating object around a fixed axis.
Every body experiences the same angular acceleration.
Therefore, when a rigid object rotates around a fixed axis, it is true about all the points in the object.
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a 10 kg mass a travels 2 m/s meets and collides elastically with a 2 kg mass b travels 4 m/s in the opposite direction. find the final
The final velocity of the object are Vaf = 0 and Vbf = 6 m/s as a result of an elastic collision between a 10 kilogram mass traveling at 2 m/s and a 2 kg mass moving at 4 m/s.
What is the definition of a velocity simple?The direction of a body or object's movement is defined by its velocity. In its basic form, speed is a scalar quantity. In essence, velocity is a vector quantity. It is the speed at which distance changes. It is the displacement change rate.
Briefing : Let the Vₐ= velocity of a, and Vb= velocity of b
Initial speed of object a with mass 10 kg = 2m/s , and initial speed of object with mass 2 kg = 4m/s
therefore , initial momentum (Pi = 10×2 - 2 × 4) = 12kgm/s is initial momentum . Pi = 12 kgm/s
then we have final momentum (Pf = 10 Va + 2 Vb), therefore Pi=Pf ,
12 = 10 Va + 2 Vb
= 5 Va + Vb = 6 ------------equation (1)
according to newton equation we have , e = vel of seperation /vel of approach
e = (Vb - Va) =1 = Vb -Va = 6 -------------equation (2 )
6
hence solving both equation (1)&(2), we get Vaf=0 final velocity of a and Vbf= 6m/s final velocity of b.
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. is one of many billions of galaxies in the universe. b. is unique in the universe in showing definite spiral structure. c. contains the whole universe; everything observable is within its volume. d. is one of only a few spiral galaxies; most other galaxies in the universe are amorphous collections of stars shaped like ellipsoids.
There are plenty billions of galaxies in the universe, and each galaxy has many thousands of stars. The best choice is A.
How do you define a galaxy?Countless stars, solar, gas, and dust make up a galaxy. Gravity holds a galaxy together. A supermassive black holes also resides in the center of our galaxy, namely Milky Way. You see additional stars in the Cosmos as you look up there at night sky for the stars.
Is there a genuine galaxy?Galaxies are enormous islands in space made up of stars, plasma, dust, and gravitational waves that are bound together by gravity. Whether galaxies are found alone, in small groupings, or as part of enormous clusters, Hubble's acute vision has uncovered precise details about their shapes, structures, and histories.
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an object of mass m rests on a frictionless surface and is attached to a horizontal ideal spring with spring constant k . the system oscillates with amplitude a . the oscillation frequency of this system can be increased by
By decreasing M. Because its acceleration is in the same direction as its velocity, it accelerates as it moves closer to the equilibrium position.
The item moves at its fastest speed when it is in the equilibrium position, where there is no acceleration. Due to the acceleration now being in the opposite direction from the direction of its velocity, it overshoots the equilibrium position and begins to slow down. When the spring is squeezed by a distance A, it accelerates back towards the equilibrium position before coming to a stop, disregarding friction. When the spring is stretched by a distance A, it overshoots once more before stopping at the starting position. The movement continues. The thing swings back and forth.
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is it possible for a heat engine to operate without rejecting any waste heat to a low-temperature reservoir? explain.
It is difficult for just any device that runs on a cycle to accept heat from a given fluid and create a net quantity of work, according to the Kelvin-Planck formulation of the second law.
There are how many laws in thermodynamics?A first rule, a second law, as well as the third law are the three fundamental laws that thermodynamics has traditionally acknowledged. They are each simply referred to by an ordinal designation.
What is the thermodynamics equation?the equations of thermodynamics. Hrxn is equal to H1, H2, H3, and H4. With a value of 1.38 10 23 J/K, k is indeed the Boltzmann constant, that is the same as the general gas steady, R, divided with Avogadro's quantity, NA. The figure you get in a thermodynamic table is called S°, or standard absolute entropy.
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It is difficult for just any device that runs on a cycle to accept heat from a given fluid and create a net quantity of work, according to the Kelvin-Planck formulation of the second law.
There are how many laws in thermodynamics?A first rule, a second law, as well as the third law are the three fundamental laws that thermodynamics has traditionally acknowledged. They are each simply referred to by an ordinal designation.
What is the thermodynamics equation?the equations of thermodynamics. Hrxn is equal to H1, H2, H3, and H4. With a value of 1.38 10 23 J/K, k is indeed the Boltzmann constant, that is the same as the general gas steady, R, divided with Avogadro's quantity, NA. The figure you get in a thermodynamic table is called S°, or standard absolute entropy.
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a 1000kg car engine can accelerate the car from 0 to 27m/s in 4.3 seconds. find the power rating of the engine in watts and kilowatts
The power rating of the engine of a 1000 kg car that can accelerate the car from 0 to 27m/s in 4.3 seconds in watts is 84767 W and kilowatts is 84.767 KW
a = ( v - u ) / t
a = Acceleration
v = Final velocity
u = Initial velocity
t = Time
v = 27 m / s
u = 0
t = 4.3 s
a = ( 27 - 0 ) / 4.3
a = 6.279 m / s²
F = m a
F = Force
m = Mass
m = 1000 kg
F = 1000 * 6.279
F = 6279 N
s = u t + 1 / 2 a t²
s = 0 + ( 1 / 2 * 6.279 * 4.3² )
s = 58.1 m
W = F s
W = Work one
s = Displacement
W = 6279 * 58.1
W = 364496 J
P = W / t
P = Power
P = 364496 / 4.3
P = 84767 W
P = 84.767 KW
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your weight is the result of a gravitational force of the earth on your body. what is the corresponding reaction force?
Your body is pulling on the Earth with the same reaction force that the Earth is pulling on you.
What is gravitational force?The gravitational force, which is what pushes mass-containing objects toward one another. We frequently consider the pull of gravity from the Earth. Your body is kept on the ground by this force. However, all mass-bearing objects are pulled toward one another by gravity.
What is reaction force?An action force with an opposite direction has an effect called a reaction force. These two forces—also referred to as action and reaction forces—are covered by Newton's third law of motion. According to Newton's third law, there is an equal and opposite reaction to every action.
What is weight?The gravitational force that pulls a body toward the earth or another celestial body; it is equal to the mass times the acceleration due to local gravity.
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Suav drove 296 miles in 8 hours. If he continued at the same rate, how far would he travel in 10 hours?.
Travel seems to be the movement of individuals between far-off geographic sites, therefore if a suv could drive 296 miles in 8 hours, he would travel around 370 miles in 10 hours.
What physics apply to time travel?The physics of time travel. According to some concepts, most notably special and general relativity, certain geometries of spacetime or particular motions in space might permit time travel into the possible futures if they were real.
Can we really travel through time?The simplest explanation is that time travel is not feasible because if it were, we'd be doing it by now. The laws of thermodynamics or relativity, for example, could be used to support the claim that it is against the laws of physics.
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An air-filled toroidal solenoid has 370 turns of wire, a mean radius of 15.0 cm , and a cross-sectional area of 4.30 cm2
a) If the current is 5.90 A, calculate the magnetic field in the solenoid
b) Calculate the self-inductance of the solenoid.
c) Calculate the energy stored in the magnetic field.
d) Calculate the energy density in the magnetic field.
e) Find the answer for part D by dividing your answer to partC by the volume of the solenoid.
The magnetic field in the solenoid is 2.674*10^-3T at 5.90 A of current. The solenoid has a 6.936*10^-5H self-inductance. 1.2072*10^-3J of energy is held in the magnetic field.
The magnetic field has a 2.846 J/m^3 energy density. We obtain 2.846 J/m^3 by dividing your response to part C by the solenoid's volume. An electric charge, an electric current, and magnetic materials are all affected magnetically by a magnetic field, which is a vector field. A solenoid is a particular kind of electromagnet that produces a regulated magnetic field and is made of a helical coil of wire whose length is significantly higher than its diameter.
The magnetic field in the solenoid'
L = Mo*N*I/2*pi*r L = 4*pi*10^-7*340*5.90/28*pi*(0.15m),
where the current is 5.90 A, is equal to 2.674*10^-3T.
a solenoid's internal inductance
The magnetic field's stored energy, L, is given by L = Mo*N2*I/2*pi*r = 6.936*10^-5H.
Ul = 1/2*L*I Ul = 1/2*6.936*10-5*(5.90)2
Ul = 1/2*1.2072*10^-3J.
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If the electron were replaced with a proton moving with the same velocity, how would the resulting acceleration of the particle change?.
The resulting acceleration of proton, compared to the electron's acceleration is in the opposite direction and at a similar rate.
What is resulting acceleration of particle change ?Acceleration is a vector quantity that has elements in both the x- and y-axes. The final acceleration of the item can be calculated by calculating the vector's magnitude and direction.
The proton will accelerate in the opposite direction and at a similar rate because its mass is greater than that of the electron. The acceleration of the proton, however, is less than that of the electron.
In conclusion, the proton's subsequent acceleration would be smaller in amplitude and in the opposite direction from the electron's.
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what is the difference between the pressure on the bottom of a pool and the pressure on the water surface?
The difference between the pressure on a pool's bottom and the pressure on the water's surface is approximately 14 feet or 168 inches deep. Fresh water has a density of 1 psi per 27.7 inches of depth.
What is a good instance of pressure?Holding a knife against a piece of fruit will demonstrate pressure in an easy way. It won't cut the surface of the fruit if you press the flat part of the knife against it. A sizable area is affected by the force (low pressure).
What are the many sorts of pressure?The force applied physically to an object is referred to as pressure. Per unit area, the force is applied perpendicularly to the surfaces of the objects. The fundamental pressure formula is F/A. (Force per unit area). The Pascal unit of pressure (Pa). The four different types of pressure are gauge, absolute, atmospheric, and differential.
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There are three forces acting on the foot as shown in the
figure. The foot mass is 450 g.
The foot is in equilibrium, calculate the muscle force on
the calcaneus.
The muscle force on the calcaneus is -14.41 N
What is force?Forces are external factors that change the state of the body at rest or in motion. It has size and direction. The direction in which the force acts is called the direction of the force, and the point at which the force acts is called the point of action of the force. It's SI unit is the Newton (N). A force vector F has magnitude, direction, and orientation.
As the foot is in equilibrium it means that the net force is zero, the equation for this system is as follows:
N + F + W = 0
-N -F = W
Where,
N = Normal (10 N)
F = Muscle force
W = Weight
W = m × g
W = 0.45 × 9.8
W = 4.41 N
Now substitute the values in following equation:
-N -F = W
-10 -F = 4.41
-F = 4.41 + 10
-F = 14.41
F = -14.41 N
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a cd has a mass of 17 g and a radius of 6.0 cm. when inserted into a player, the cd starts from rest and accelerates to an angular velocity of 21 rad/s in 0.52 s. assuming the cd is a uniform solid disk, determine the net torque acting on it.
The net torque acting on it hen inserted into a player, the cd starts from rest and accelerates to an angular velocity of 21 rad/s in 0.52 s are 2.059[/tex.
The net torque is the force applied that is usually quite different from normal acting force.
Here solid disk =Torque[tex]Iα[/tex]
Mass of 17 g and a radius of 6.0 cmI = [tex]1/2mR^2[/tex]wf= 21 rad/swf = w0 +αtα= wf - w0 / t = wf /wtTorque = [tex](1/2mR^2)( wf/t)[/tex] = 1/2(0.017)(6.0) (21/0.52)Torque = 2.059So the net torque acting on it is [tex]Torque = 2.059[/tex].Read more about mass :
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a wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 40 m has a power coefficient of 0.30 in an 8 m/s wind. the air density is 1.2 kg/m3. the turbine is to be used in a wind farm that is to serve a community of 100 000 (average family size of four). each house will require 3 kw. the wind farm will have a turbine spacing of 2.4 rotor diameters perpendicular to the prevailing wind and eight rotor diameters parallel to the prevailing wind. the wind farm will have 10 turbines perpendicular to the wind.
a. Estimate the power production from one turbine. b. How many turbines will be required in the wind farm for the community? c. Estimate the dimensions of the wind farm. d.How many acres will be required for the wind farm? e. If the average house is on a 0.25-acre lot, how large will the wind farm be in comparison to the community? f. What does this problem imply about wind power feasibility in an urban setting?
Capacity factor = actual output / maximum feasible output is the formula. The maximum output for a wind turbine would be equal to the capacity times 8760 hours (there are 8760 hrs in a year).
Consequently, the Northwind 100C's maximum output is 95 kW x 8760 hours per year, or 832,200 kWh per year (or 832.2 MWh). The quantity produced is a function of the total input amounts of each ingredient, and the production function is represented as Q = f(K, L, P, H). Of course, not every firm needs the same number of inputs or production components.
The total product for every input degree is equal to the sum of the marginal products of all previous units of that input. The sum of marginal products is therefore the total product.
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There are two types of waves: mechanical and electromagnetic. Microwaves, infrared waves, and radio waves are examples of electromagnetic waves. Which claim is true about the speed of an electromagnetic wave?.
Mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves are the two major modes of energy transportation on Earth. Air and water waves produced by sound are examples of seismic wave.
Electromagnetic waves, as opposed to physical phenomena, may move across empty space. This suggests that pulses may travel through void spaces as well as through solid substances like air and rock.
Since their wavelengths are measured in millimeters, microwaves are shorter than radio waves. Microwaves are used in radar that aids in weather forecasting, food preparation, and information transmission. Because they can pass through smoke, clouds, and light rain, microwaves are useful for communication.
Infrared waves lie between microwaves and visible light. There are two subcategories of infrared waves: near infrared and far infrared. The waves with wavelengths closest to visible light are known as near infrared waves. Your television remote uses these infrared radiation to change channels.
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at a given instant the current and self-induced emf in an inductor are directed in the same direction. determine the inductance if the induced emf is 17 v and the rate of change of the current is 25 ka/s.
The inductance is 680µH if the induced emf is 17 v and the rate of change of the current is 25 ka/s.
The magnetic field will change as a result of growing current, so the inductor will resist the flow of current through it, resulting in a decrease in current.
e=induced emf=17V
e=Ldi/dt [di/dt=25000a/s]
17=L×25000
17/25000=L
0.00068=L
680×10⁻⁶Henry
=680µH
Inductance=680µH
What is emf?The amount of energy delivered per unit of electric charge by a power source, such as a generator or a battery, is known as electromotive force (abbreviated E or EMF).
Energy is converted from one form to another as the generator or battery operates on the electric charge that is carried inside itself. Positive charge is applied to the device's positive terminal, whereas negative charge is applied to the device's negative terminal. The work done on an electrical charge unit, or the energy acquired per electrical charge unit, is known as the electromotive force. It is also referred to as EMF and is denoted by the international metric system's letter E.
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a plane is sitting on a runway, awaiting takeoff. on an adjacent parallel runway, another plane lands and passes the stationary plane at a speed of 45 m/s. the arriving plane has a length of 36 m. by looking out the window (very narrow), a passenger on the stationary plane can see the moving plane. for how long a time is the moving plane visible?
The moving plane is visible for 0.8 second.
What is speed?Speed is distance travelled by the object per unit time. Due to having no direction and only having magnitude, speed is a scalar quantity. SI unit of speed be meter/second and CGS unit of speed be cm/s.
Given that:
Another plane lands and passes the stationary plane at a speed: v = 45 m/s.
length of the arriving plane be : L = 36 m.
So, Time the moving plane remains visible be: t = L/v = 36/45 s = 0.8 second.
Hence, the moving plane is visible for 0.8 second.
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which of the following was originally classified as a nebula? a. orion nebula b. hercules globular star cluster c. andromeda galaxy d. ring nebula e. pluto
The correct option is (c) andromeda galaxy as it was originally classified as nebula.
A nebula is a distinctively luminous region of the interstellar medium, which is mainly made up of of cosmic dust, neutral, neutrally ionised, or molecular hydrogen. Nebulae are usually areas where stars develop.
Initially, any diffused astronomical object, including galaxies outside the Milky Way, was referred to as a "nebula."
Before Vesto Slipher and Edwin Hubble revealed the real nature of galaxies in the early 20th century, the Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was originally known as the Andromeda Nebula.
So, Andromeda Galaxy was originally classified as nebula.
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a stereo speaker is placed between two observers who are 33 m apart, along the line connecting them. if one observer records an intensity level of 62 db, and the other records an intensity level of 79 db, how far is the speaker from each observer?
Ra = 32.1 m far is the speaker from each observe .
What does "intensity" in science mean?In physics, the power supplied per unit area is known as the intensities or flux of cosmic rays, where the area is expressed on a plane plane perpendicular of the energy's propagation.
Briefing :
Let's solve this problem in parts, let's start by finding the intensity of the sound in each observer
observer A β = 64 db
β = 10 log Iₐ / I₀
where I₀ = 1 10⁻¹² W / m²
Iₐ = I₀ 10 (β/ 10)
let's calculate
Iₐ = 1 10⁻¹² (64/10)
Iₐ = 2.51 10⁻⁶ W / m²
Observer B β = 85 db
I_b = 1 10-12 10 (85/10)
I_b = 3.16 10⁻⁴ W / m²
now we use that the emitted power that is constant is the intensity over the area of the sphere where the sound is distributed
P = I A
therefore for the two observers
P = Ia Aa = Ib Ab
the area of a sphere is
A = 4π R²
we substitute
Ia 4pi Ra2 = Ib 4pi Rb2
Ia Ra2 = Ib Rb2
Let us call the distance from the observer be to the haughty R = ax, so the distance from the observer A to the haughty is R = 35 ax; we substitute
Ia (35 -x) 2 = Ib x2
we develop and solve
35-x = Ra (Ib / Ia) x
35 = [Ra (Ib / Ia) +1] x
x (11.22 +1) = 35
x = 35 / 12.22
x = 2,864 m
This is the distance of observer B
The distance from observer A
Ra = 35 - x
Ra = 35 - 2,864
Ra = 32.1 m
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A 8.0-cm-diameter horizontal pipe gradually narrows to 5.0 cm . When water flows through this pipe at a certain rate, the gauge pressure in these two sections is 33.0 kPa and 25.0 kPa , respectivelyWhat is the volume rate of flow?Express your answer using two significant figures.Q = m3/s ?
The flow rate is 3.1175×10⁻³ m³/s.
Explanation:
By using Bernoulli's principle:
where the pipe is horizontal,
x₁ = x₂ hence the above equation becomes
since the flow rate is constant then
Q = v₁A₁ = v₂A₂
Where is the area of the two sections given by A₁ = π·D₁²÷4 and
A₂ = π·D₂²÷4
Therefore, A₁ = π·0.08²÷4 = 5.02×10⁻³ m²
and, A₂ = π·0.05²÷4 = 1.96×10⁻³ m²
v₁ = v₂A₂/A₁ =0.391×v₂
The given pressures are P₁ = 33.0 kPa and P₂ = 25.0 pKa and
ρ = 1000 kg/m³
By putting the values into the above equation we get,
33.0 kPa +0.5× 1000 kg/m³× (0.391×v₂)² = 25.0 pKa +0.5×1000 kg/m³×v₂²
= 33000+76.3·v₂² =25000+500·v₂²
=33000-25000
or 423.706·v₂² = 8000
v₂² = 8000/423.706 = 18.88 or v₂ = 4.065 m/s and v₁ 0.391×4.065 = 1.59 m/s
The flow rate = v₂A₂ = 1.59×1.96×10⁻³ = 3.1175×10⁻³ m³/s
Hence, Q= 3.1175×10⁻³ m³/s
The volume rate of flow is Q= 3.1175×10⁻³ m³/s.
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The flow rate is 3.1175×10⁻³ m³/s.
What is Bernoulli's principle?Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid (such as air or water) results in a decrease in pressure. This is due to the fact that faster-moving fluids have lower pressure, while slower-moving fluids have higher pressure. This principle is also applicable to the behavior of objects moving through a fluid. The faster the object moves, the lower the pressure around it. This is why objects like planes and boats are able to "fly" or "float" because the decrease in pressure around them causes a lift. The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who first described it in 1738.
By using Bernoulli's principle:
where the pipe is horizontal,
x₁ = x₂ hence the above equation becomes
since the flow rate is constant then
Q = v₁A₁ = v₂A₂
Where is the area of the two sections given by A₁ = π·D₁²÷4 and
A₂ = π·D₂²÷4
Therefore, A₁ = π·0.08²÷4 = 5.02×10⁻³ m²
and, A₂ = π·0.05²÷4 = 1.96×10⁻³ m²
v₁ = v₂A₂/A₁ =0.391×v₂
The given pressures are P₁ = 33.0 kPa and P₂ = 25.0 pKa and
ρ = 1000 kg/m³
By putting the values into the above equation we get,
33.0 kPa +0.5× 1000 kg/m³× (0.391×v₂)² = 25.0 pKa +0.5×1000 kg/m³×v₂²
= 33000+76.3·v₂² =25000+500·v₂²
=33000-25000
or 423.706·v₂² = 8000
v₂² = 8000/423.706 = 18.88 or v₂ = 4.065 m/s and v₁ 0.391×4.065 = 1.59 m/s
The flow rate = v₂A₂ = 1.59×1.96×10⁻³ = 3.1175×10⁻³ m³/s
Hence, Q= 3.1175×10⁻³ m³/s
The volume rate of flow is Q= 3.1175×10⁻³ m³/s.
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A barrel contains a 0.120-m layer of oil floating on water that is 0.250 m deep. The density of the oil is 600 \mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}600kg/m^3. (a) What is the gauge pressure at the oil–water interface? (b) What is the gauge pressure at the bottom of the barrel?
The gauge pressure at the oil-water interface and at the bottom of the barrel is 705.6 Pa and 3155.6 Pa.
The barrel contains 0.10m of oil and floating on water that is 0.250mm deep.
The density of the oil is given to be 600 kg/m³.
a) The gauge pressure at the oil water interface is given by,
P = pgh
Where,
p is density of oil and h is the hieght of the oil,
Putting values,
P = 0.120 x 600 x 9.8
P = 705.6 Pa.
So, thr pressure at oil-water interface is 705.6 Pa.
(b) The pressure at the bottom of the barrel can be found as,
P = pgh + pxH
Where,
H is the height of the water and x is the density of water,
Assigning value,
P = 705.6 + 1000 x 9.8 x 0.250
P = 705.6 + 2450
P = 3155.6 Pa.
So, the pressure at the bottom of the barrel is 3155.6 Pa.
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a generator supplies 80 v to a transformer's primary coil, which has 59 turns. if the secondary coil has 530 turns, what is the secondary voltage?
The primary coil of a transformer, which has 59 turns, receives 80 v from a generator. The secondary voltage will be 530 if the secondary coil has 530 turns IS 718.644 V
For an ideal transformer
Vs/Vp=Ns/Np
Given that primary voltage V =80 V
Number of turns in primary N = 59 turns
Number of turns in srcondary Ng = 530 turns
Therefore
Vs/80=530/59
Hence voltage across secondary V = 8.98*80 V
=718.644 V.
Voltage is the quantity of potential charge that exists between two points on a circuit. One idea is charge more strongly than another. Voltage refers to the difference in charge between the two points. Volt, denoted by the symbol "V," is the accepted unit of measurement for the voltage expression.
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a ball travels in uniform circular motion with a period of 2 seconds. what is the tangential velocity of the object if it is moving in a circle of radius 2 m?
The tangential velocity of the object if it is moving in a circle of radius 2 m is
6.28 m/s
It is given that
time taken to move in circle = 2 seconds
radius of circle = 2m
Tangential velocity is equal to the circumference of the circle divided by the time it takes to make one full rotation: 2*pi*r/t
Tangential velocity = 2πr/t
= 2 x 3.14 x 2/2 = 6.28 m/s
Hence, tangential velocity of the object if it is moving in a circle of radius 2 m is 6.28 m/s
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you are the science officer on a visit to a distant solar system. prior to landing on a planet you measure its diameter to be 1.8 × 107 m and its rotation period to be 22.3 hours. you have previously determined that the planet orbits 3.2 × 1011 m from its star with a period of 402 earth days. once on the surface you find that the acceleration due to gravity is 37.8 m/s2. what are the mass of (a) the planet and (b) the star? (g
The mass of the planet and star is [tex]2.4 *10^{25}[/tex] kg and [tex]1.2 * 10^{31}[/tex] kg respectively.
Acceleration due to gravity is the force experienced per unit mass of an object due to gravitational force and it is given by:
[tex]a = \frac{GM_{planet} }{r^{2} }[/tex]
[tex]19.5 =\frac{6.67 * 10^{-11} * M_{planet} }{(0.9 * 10^{7}) ^{2} }[/tex]
[tex]M_{planet} = 2.4 * 10^{25}[/tex] kg
Now this planet orbits a star and so we can use Kepler's Third Law to find the mass of the star.
[tex]T^{2} = \frac{4\pi ^{2} }{GM_{star} } r^{3}[/tex]
T = 402 earth days = 60 x 60 x 24 x 402 = 34732800 seconds
[tex]34732800^{2} = \frac{4\pi ^{2} }{6.67 * 10^{-11} M_{star} } (2.9 * 10^{11}) ^{3}[/tex]
[tex]M_{star} = 1.2 * 10^{31}[/tex] kg
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The mass of the star of the distant solar system is 82 * 10²² kg and the mass of the planet of the distant solar system is 8.58 * 10²⁵ kg
g = G M / r
g = Acceleration due to gravity
G = Gravitational constant
M = Mass of star
r = Distance between both bodies
g = 63.6 m / s²
G = 6.67 * 10⁻¹¹ N m² / kg²
r = 8.6 * 10¹¹ m
Ms = 63.6 * 8.6 * 10¹¹ / ( 6.67 * 10⁻¹¹ )
Ms = 82 * 10²² kg
F = G M m / r²
F = m g
Equating,
m g = G M m / r²
Mp = g r² / G
Mp = 63.6 * ( 1.8 * 10⁷ / 2 )² / 6.67 * 10⁻¹¹
Mp = 8.58 * 10²⁵ kg
Therefore the mass will be equal to 8.58 * 10²⁵ kg
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