WACC is an acronym that stands for Weighted Average Cost of Capital. This concept is used by businesses to calculate their average cost of capital for each dollar raised.
In general, a company's cost of capital is calculated by summing its weighted cost of debt and weighted cost of equity, with weights calculated as a percentage of the total amount of debt and equity, respectively.
First Firm's wacc can be calculated using the following formula:
wacc = (D/V * rD * (1 - T)) + (E/V * rE)
Where,
D is the outstanding debt
V is the sum of outstanding debt and market capitalization
E is the market capitalization
rD is the cost of debt
rE is the cost of equity
T is the tax rate
Given that:
D = 149
V = 149 + 153 = 302
rD = 0.04
E = 153
rE = Risk-free rate + Equity beta * Market risk premium
= 0.02 + 1.3 * 0.08
= 0.114
T = 0.29
Plugging in these values into the above formula, we get:
wacc = (149/302 * 0.04 * (1 - 0.29)) + (153/302 * 0.114)
wacc = (0.02236) + (0.05702)
wacc = 0.07938
Therefore, First Firm's WACC is 7.938%.
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Explain why a firm should reduce its cash conversion cycle (CCC). Discuss ways a firm can do so. "In every area of financial management, the financial manager is always faced with the dilemma of liquidity versus profitability (also known as the 'Risk-Return tradeoff')"'. Discuss with examples, what the statement means with respect to Investment and Financing decisions for a firm. Note: Use your own words; do not copy directly from any sources
A company should reduce its cash conversion cycle (CCC) to enhance liquidity and reduce working capital requirements.
CCC refers to the length of time it takes for a company to convert its investments in inventory and other resource inputs into cash.
A lower CCC means the company is better equipped to pay for its financial obligations.
A company can decrease its CCC in many ways, including by focusing on timely collection of accounts receivable, having a steady inventory management system, and pushing out payables.
By negotiating more extended payment terms, a company can delay payment to its suppliers, hence freeing up cash for other uses.
In financial management, the financial manager has to balance liquidity versus profitability.
The Risk-return tradeoff states that higher returns come with higher risk levels.
An investment that offers higher returns might be riskier than one that has lower returns.
For example, a company can choose to invest in a highly risky project that might bring in significant returns but can also result in significant losses.
A financing decision has to balance between the cost of capital and the firm's risk level.
A company might decide to issue equity capital to finance its operations instead of debt capital,
which attracts higher-interest rates and hence increasing the firm's risk level.
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Exercise 2 Mr. Remnick is the Editor-in-chief of a literary, news, and culture magazine. He needs to hire labor ( L ), which primarily consists of talented writers, to produce Q copies of the magazine per month. Furthermore, he makes decisions over how much capital (K) to purchase. Capital consists of a large network of information technology enabling his writers to be productive. Suppose, therefore, that the production function of this literary magazine is of the following Cobb-Douglass form: Q(K,L)=K α
L β
Given there is always a ready supply of talented writers willing to fill positions at this prestigious magazine, we will assume there is a competitive market for writers. Every month Mr. Remnick can fill as many positions as he sees fit at the going wage rate: w=$80. In contrast, given that the information technology (IT) infrastructure involves a considerable proportion of fixed costs, Mr. Remnick only makes decisions about acquisition of information technology once per year in January. This January Mr. Remnick decided to purchase K
ˉ
=5,000 units of information technology. The rental rate of each IT unit is v=$0.25. 9. Mr. Remnick wants to minimize his costs to produce 250 copies of magazines next month. Is this a short or long run problem? [1 point] (a) Short-run (b) Long-run (c) Not enough information 10. Find the contingent demand functions that minimizes Mr. Remnick's costs to produce 250 copies of magazines next month. Assume he can hire fractions of workers. [2 points] L ∗
=⟶;K ∗
= 11. Given your answer from before, what are Mr. Remnick's total costs? [1 point] C ∗
=
9. Mr. Remnick wants to minimize his costs to produce 250 copies of magazines next month. Is this a short or long run problem?Since the period of one year is greater than one month, this is a short-run problem. So the correct option is (a) Short-run.10. Find the contingent demand functions that minimizes Mr. Remnick's costs to produce 250 copies of magazines next month.
Assume he can hire fractions of workers.Given the production function:Q(K,L)=K α L βand thatQ(K,L)=250, α = 0.4, β = 0.6, K = 5000, w = $80, v = $0.25We must find L* and K* to minimize costs.Let us solve for the value of L* and K* respectively.Let us solve for L*. To minimize costs, we must find L* such thatMC L =w/MP L =w(α/β)(K/L) α-1 L -(β/β)=w(K/L) α/βL -(β/β)=80(5000/L)0.4/0.6L - 0.6/0.6=133.33L=5000/(1+133.33)L = 32.26Thus, Mr. Remnick must hire 32.26 writers. Now, let us solve for K*.MC K = v/MP K = vK α-1 L β=0.25K 0.4 32.26 0.6=0.025K 0.24=1000K= (1000/0.025)1/0.24=14,231.55Thus, Mr. Remnick must acquire 14,231 units of information technology.11.
Given your answer from before, what are Mr. Remnick's total costs?Total costs can be calculated as:C* = (wL*) + (vK*) = (80 * 32.26) + (0.25 * 14,231.55)C* = $4,079.75 + $3,557.89C* = $7,637.64Therefore, Mr. Remnick's total costs will be $7,637.64 to produce 250 copies of magazines next month.
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TOPIC: Food Costing
If you need 32oz. of usable, edible broccoli, and we
know broccoli has a 65% yield, How much do we need to
purchase?
To obtain 32 oz of usable broccoli with a 65% yield, approximately 49.23 oz of broccoli should be purchased.
We need to figure out how much broccoli to buy in order to get 32 oz of usable, eatable broccoli with a 65% yield. Since the yield is only 65%, only 65% of the broccoli that was purchased will be edible. We may create a straightforward equation to calculate the required quantity: Let X stand for the quantity of broccoli that has to be purchased.
0.65X = 32 oz
Divide both sides of the equation by 0.65 to find the value of X: X = 32 oz / 0.65 X 49.23 oz
In light of the 65% yield, roughly 49.23 oz of broccoli ought to be bought in order to get the desired 32 oz of useable, edible broccoli.
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Fernando has an annual salary of £84,750 per aninum and has received the following benefits: - Job related accommodation which the employer purchased 5 years ago at a cost of £350,000. The annual value is £36,000. - A season ticlcet loan for E7,500 which is repaid over 12 months. - A personal loan of E3,500 to cover moving expenses which he has been told he no longer needs to repay. - He receives a gym membership allowance for his wellbeing of ∈250 a month. - Private health insurance which cost his employer £350 but which paid E950 for treatment during the year. What is his total earned income for 2019/20? EBB.600 E91.600 EB8,179 E92,200
In 2019/20, Fernando has an annual salary of £84,750 and also received some benefits. The value of each benefit has to be calculated and added to his annual salary to find his total earned income for 2019/20.
Job related accommodation: The value of the accommodation provided is £36,000 annually. So, the total value of the accommodation provided to Fernando for five years is £36,000 x 5 = £180,000.
Season ticket loan: Fernando received a loan of £7,500 to purchase a season ticket, which is repaid over 12 months.
This loan is not considered as a benefit, so we do not need to include this value in the calculation. Personal loan: Fernando received a personal loan of £3,500 to cover moving expenses, which he does not need to repay. This means he received a benefit of £3,500.
Gym membership allowance: Fernando received a gym membership allowance of £250 a month, so the total value of the benefit for a year is £250 x 12 = £3,000.Private health insurance: The employer paid £350 for Fernando's private health insurance, but it paid out £950 for treatment during the year. we need to add up his annual salary and all the benefits he received during the year:
£84,750 + £180,000 + £3,500 + £3,000 + £600 = £271,850
2019/20 is £271,850. Hence, option EBB.600 is the correct answer.
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Premier, Incorporated, has an odd dividend policy. The company has just paid a dividend of $6 per share and has announced that it will increase the dividend by $5 per share for each of the next five years, and then never pay another dividend. If you require a return of 15 percent on the company’s stock, how much will you pay for a share today? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Premier, Incorporated has an odd dividend policy. The company has just paid a dividend of $6 per share and has announced that it will increase the dividend by $5 per share for each of the next five years and then never pay another dividend.
The price of the stock would be the present value of all future dividends. Using the present value formula, we can calculate the price of the stock. The formula is: Present Value of a Growing Perpetuity = D / (r – g)where, D is the dividend, r is the required return, and g is the growth rate. Here,
D = $11, r = 15%, and g = 5%.
Present Value of Year 1 dividend =
$11 / (1.15)^1 = $9.57
Present Value of Year 2 dividend =
$16 / (1.15)^2 = $12.48
Present Value of Year 3 dividend =
$21 / (1.15)^3 = $14.93
Present Value of Year 4 dividend =
$26 / (1.15)^4 = $17.03
Present Value of Year 5 dividend =
$31 / (1.15)^5 = $18.48
The present value of all dividends is:
$9.57 + $12.48 + $14.93 + $17.03 + $18.48 = $72.49
The present value of the stock is $72.49, which is what an investor would pay for one share of stock today.
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A promotional "push'" strategy is best describedasa
promotional program which is
1. directed towards end users
2. not in the best interest of the distributor
3. offered by a manufacturer and in cooperation with a distribuar
to induce support for the manuactwers product
4. a and b only
The correct option is 3. A promotional "push" strategy is best described as a promotional program that is offered by a manufacturer in cooperation with a distributor to induce support for the manufacturer's product.
This strategy involves the manufacturer "pushing" its product through the distribution channel by providing incentives or promotional activities to encourage the distributor and retailers to promote and sell the product to end users. It is a collaborative effort between the manufacturer and distributor to generate demand and increase sales.
Options 1 and 2 are incorrect as they do not accurately describe a push strategy, and option 4 is incorrect because it does not include the cooperation with a distributor.
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Case Study: The CMO of electronics retailer JB Hi-Fi has commissioned a marketing study to analyse its performance and identify opportunities for growth. Your marketing consultancy firm has been given this project and you have been assigned the task of analysing the data and developing recommendations to be presented to the CMO of JB Hi-Fi. JB Hi-Fi is one of the leading electronics retailers in Australia operating over 210 stores. In recent years, increased competition has reduced its profitability and the retailer is working on a major restructuring plan aimed at increasing its market share. As a first step towards restructuring, this study has been commissioned to provide insights about JB Hi-Fi's customers, their attitudes and their spending habits. Two other retailers - Harvey Norman and The Good Guys have been identified as the major competitors of JB Hi-Fi. For this study, a survey was sent to 500 randomly selected consumers in Melbourne metro area asking questions on their electronics purchases. The survey started by measuring 'Top of mind brand recall' by asking respondents to name the first brand that comes to their mind when they think of an electronics retailer. It then asked about respondents' spending in JB Hi-Fi and its two major competitors, in the past one year.
Furthermore, the survey also measured their perception of JB Hi-Fi and its competitors regarding three main store attributes - price level, service quality and range of products carried. These three factors were identified as the most important determinants of consumers' electronic goods purchases. The responses were collected on a 5-point scale for the following survey questions.
1. On a scale of 1 (very unattractive) to 5 (very attractive), how attractive is the price charged by each of the three electronics retailers.
2. On a scale of 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good), how would you rate the in-store and post-purchase service provided at each of the three electronics retailers
JB Hi-Fi is a leading Australian electronics retailer, operating over 210 stores in the country. In recent years, increased competition has reduced its profitability, leading to a major restructuring plan aimed at increasing its market share. To analyze its performance and identify opportunities for growth,
the CMO has commissioned a marketing study. A survey was sent to 500 randomly selected consumers in Melbourne metro area, asking questions on their electronics purchases.The survey was designed to measure the top-of-mind brand recall of electronics retailers, asking respondents to name the first brand that comes to mind when they think of an electronics retailer. It then asked about respondents' spending in JB Hi-Fi and its two major competitors - Harvey Norman and The Good Guys - in the past year.
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Fire sprinkler protection systems must be inspected, tested, and regularly maintained in California. Assume 8% of inspected fire sprinklers must be repaired or replaced upon inspection. A random sample of four hundred fire sprinklers in a large manufacturing facility are inspected. What is the (approximate) probability that more than 50 fire sprinklers will need to be repaired or replaced?
The probability that more than 50 fire sprinklers will need to be repaired or replaced is 0.0006.
The probability that more than 50 fire sprinklers will need to be repaired or replaced is 0.0008. To approximate this probability using the normal distribution, we can calculate the mean value as 32 (which is 8% of 400), and the standard deviation (σ) as the square root of npq, which is the square root of 31.36, resulting in 5.6.
Next, we can calculate the Z-score by subtracting the mean (32) from the desired value (50) and dividing it by the standard deviation (5.6), giving us a Z-score of 3.21.
The probability that less than or equal to 50 sprinklers are faulty is equivalent to the probability that the Z-score is less than or equal to 3.21. This probability can be obtained from the z-table and is approximately 0.9994.
To find the probability that more than 50 fire sprinklers will need to be repaired or replaced, we take the complement of this probability, which is 1 - 0.9994 = 0.0006.
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elect the best investment proposal using the payback period, the accounting rate of return on initial investment, and the net present value criteria. assume that the organization's cost of capital is 12 percent.. note: follow rounding instructions noted for each computation. use a negative sign with your answers, when appropriate.
To select the best investment proposal, you can use three criteria: the payback period, the accounting rate of return on initial investment, and the net present value. Let's go through each criterion and explain how to use them. Payback Period The payback period measures the time it takes to recover the initial investment.
In this example, the payback period is 4 years. If there are multiple investment proposals, compare their payback periods and select the one with the shortest period. Accounting Rate of Return on Initial Investment: The accounting rate of return measures the profitability of an investment. It is calculated by dividing the average annual profit by the initial investment. The higher the accounting rate of return, the better. Here's an example: Average Annual Profit: $3,000 Initial Investment: $15,000
In this example, the accounting rate of return is 20%. Compare the accounting rates of return for different proposals and select the one with the highest rate. Net Present Value (NPV) The net present value takes into account the time value of money and measures the profitability of an investment in today's dollars. A positive NPV indicates that the investment is profitable, while a negative NPV suggests that the investment may not be worthwhile. To calculate the NPV, subtract the initial investment from the present value of the cash inflows. Remember to consider all three criteria when selecting the best investment proposal.
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The rate quoted by Big Bank on a car loan is 8%. The annual rate of inflation is currently 1.5%. What is the approximate real interest rate paid by the consumer on this loan?
To calculate the approximate real interest rate paid by the consumer on the car loan, we need to adjust the nominal interest rate by subtracting the rate of inflation.
Given that the rate quoted by Big Bank on the car loan is 8% and the annual rate of inflation is 1.5%, we can calculate the real interest rate as follows:
Real Interest Rate = Nominal Interest Rate - Inflation Rate
Real Interest Rate = 8% - 1.5% = 6.5%
Therefore, the approximate real interest rate paid by the consumer on this loan is approximately 6.5%. This represents the inflation-adjusted rate of return on the loan, reflecting the true cost of borrowing after accounting for the effects of inflation.
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Match the description with the retirement savings option Maney saved in an employersponsored account. The employe provides a guaranteed payment after the employee retires; investment risk is borne by the employer. Money saved privately in an investment account. The money is usually invested tax-free, but taxes may be owed witen it is withdrawn. Money saved in an employer- sponsored account. The employer makes a guaranteed payment to the employee; irvestment risk is borne by the employee. Money saved privately in normal savings accounts or used to pay off a home No special tax provisions are provided for these funds. Match the description with the retirement savings option Money saved in an employersponsored account. The employer provides a guaranteed payment after the employee retires? investment risk is borne by the employer. Money saved privately in an investment account. The money is usually invested tax-free, but taxes may be owed when it is withdrawn. Money saved in an employersponsored account. The employer makes a guaranteed payment to the employee; investment risk is borne by the employee. Money saved privately in normal savings accounts or used to pay off a home. No special tax provisions are provided for these funds.
The retirement savings option can be defined as a savings plan designed to help an individual save for their future retirement.
Here are the descriptions that match the retirement savings options listed in the question:Money saved in an employer-sponsored account. The employer provides a guaranteed payment after the employee retires? investment risk is borne by the employer: This retirement savings option is known as a defined benefit plan.
An employer-sponsored retirement plan where the employer guarantees the employee payment based on a formula that includes factors such as the employee's salary history and tenure.Money saved privately in an investment account.
The money is usually invested tax-free, but taxes may be owed when it is withdrawn: This retirement savings option is known as a Roth IRA. It is an individual retirement account that permits earnings and withdrawals to be tax-free under certain conditions.Money saved in an employer-sponsored account.
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5. Why are we concerned with unemployed or underemployed resources in a society?
Unemployment and underemployment are significant challenges that many societies face. There are several reasons why we are concerned about the unemployed or underemployed resources in a society.
These reasons are explained below: Economic implications: The unemployment rate in a society can have significant implications for the economy. The more people that are unemployed or underemployed, the more money the government may have to spend to support them. Unemployment also means that individuals have less money to spend, which can affect the economy as a whole.
Social implications: Unemployment or underemployment can also have negative social consequences. Individuals who are unemployed or underemployed may experience social isolation, which can lead to mental health problems. This situation may also result in increased crime and social unrest.
Political implications: Unemployment can have significant political implications. If the unemployment rate is high, it can lead to political instability as people may demand change and solutions to the problem. Human implications: The most important reason why we are concerned about unemployment or underemployment is the human cost.
Unemployment can cause significant psychological stress and lead to feelings of low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. The longer an individual is unemployed, the more challenging it can be to find a job.
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when people encounter difficulties in being promoted to management above a certain level, they have encountered a
When people encounter difficulties in being promoted to management above a certain level, they have encountered a glass ceiling.
What is a Glass Ceiling?A glass ceiling is a metaphorical phrase used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents qualified employees from achieving promotions and success in their chosen careers. It is often found in positions such as management and executive positions and it can be due to factors such as gender, race, ethnicity, and age.
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Large economic differences are observed between poor and rich countries. Discuss how migration driven by these differences may affect economic development of origin countries by answering the following questions:
What challenges do you face if you want to assess these impacts using quantitative methods? Explain how you would tackle these issues.
When assessing the impacts of migration driven by economic differences using quantitative methods, there are a number of challenges that one may face. One of the primary challenges is that there are often no standard definitions for various concepts and terms used in such studies, such as "migrants," "remittances," and "economic development."
These definitions may vary from country to country, and as a result, may lead to difficulties when comparing data across different countries. In addition to this, it may also be difficult to gather reliable data on migration and its impact on economic development. Data may be incomplete or missing in some cases, or may be difficult to obtain due to privacy concerns, political instability, or other factors. This may make it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from quantitative studies on the topic. Another issue that may arise when conducting quantitative studies on the impact of migration is the potential for selection bias.
This is particularly true when studying the impact of remittances on economic development, as those who choose to migrate and send remittances may differ in important ways from those who do not. For example, those who migrate may be more motivated and better educated, and may therefore be more likely to send remittances to their home countries.To tackle these issues, researchers should take a number of steps. First, they should carefully define their concepts and terms, and ensure that they are using the same definitions across all countries being studied.
Finally, researchers should use appropriate statistical methods to control for selection bias, such as propensity score matching or regression analysis. These methods can help to ensure that any observed effects of migration or remittances on economic development are not simply the result of differences between migrants and non-migrants.
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anthony has one employer, and his only source of income is wages. in 2021, he claimed the standard deduction and no other deductions or credits. he received a large refund after filing his 2021 tax return. in 2022, anthony expects no changes to his tax situation. he would like to pay less in taxes throughout the year, even if that means a lower refund when he files his 2022 return. which of the following is most likely to help anthony achieve this goal?
An Anthony pays less in taxes throughout the year, even if it means a lower refund when he files his 2022 return, he can consider the following options:
1. Adjusting his tax withholding: Anthony can update his W-4 form with his employer to have less tax withheld from his paycheck each pay period. By doing so, he will have more take-home pay throughout the year, but it may result in a lower refund when he files his tax return.
2. Contributing to a retirement account: Anthony can contribute to a retirement account such as a traditional IRA or a 401(k). By doing so, he can reduce his taxable income, which would lower his overall tax liability. This can be beneficial both in reducing his tax burden and helping him save for retirement.
3. Itemizing deductions: Although Anthony claimed the standard deduction in 2021, he can consider itemizing deductions in 2022 if he has significant eligible expenses.
This could include expenses such as mortgage interest, property taxes, medical expenses, or charitable contributions. Itemizing deductions may result in a lower taxable income and potentially reduce his overall tax liability.
4. Utilizing tax credits: While Anthony mentioned he didn't have any deductions or credits in 2021, he should explore if he qualifies for any tax credits in 2022. Tax credits directly reduce the amount of tax owed and can result in significant savings. Some common tax credits include the Child Tax Credit, Earned Income Tax Credit, and Education Credits.
It's important for Anthony to evaluate each option carefully and consider consulting with a tax professional to determine the best strategy based on his specific circumstances. Remember, the goal is to pay less in taxes throughout the year, but it may result in a lower refund when he files his 2022 tax return.
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Which of the following examples demonstrates the law of demand? Sandra buys fewer Snickers at $0.80 per Snickers after the price of Milky Ways falls to $0.50 per Milky Way. After Steve got a raise at work, he bought more pretzels at $2.50 per pretzel than he did before his raise. Dan buys more donuts at $0.50 per donut than at $0.75 per donut, other things equal. Elissa buys fewer muffins at $1.00 per muffin than at $1.50 per muffin, other things equal.
The following example demonstrates the law of demand: D. Elissa buys fewer muffins at $1.00 per muffin than at $1.50 per muffin, other things equal.
What is the Law of Demand? The law of demand states that if all other variables are constant, the demand for a good or service decreases when the price of that good or service increases, and the demand for a good or service increases when the price of that good or service decreases. In simpler words, it means that when the price of a good rises, people tend to buy less of it, and when the price of the good decreases, people tend to buy more of it. It is a fundamental concept in economics and is critical in understanding the market equilibrium.
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CAN YOU CALCULATE IT MANUALLY EXPECIALLY IRR
You are a consultant to a large manufacturing corporation considering a project with the following net after-tax cash flows (in millions of dollars): Years from Now After-Tax CF 0 −$ 40 1 to 10 $ 15 The project's beta is 1.9. Assuming rf = 5% and E(rM) = 15% Required:
a. What is the net present value of the project? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions rounded to 2 decimal places.)
b. What is the highest possible beta estimate for the project before its NPV becomes negative? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
What is the net present value of the project?
Net present value can be calculated by the formula below:
NPV = PV of all cash inflows - PV of all cash outflows
PV of all cash inflows for year 1 to 10 = 15/ (1+15%)1 + 15/ (1+15%)2 + ......... + 15/ (1+15%)10 = 76.41
PV of all cash outflows at time 0 = $ 40 million,
hence
NPV = 76.41 - 40 = $ 36.41 million
the net present value of the project is $ 36.41 million.
What is the highest possible beta estimate for the project before its NPV becomes negative?
CAPM formula is given below:
E(r) = Rf + beta x (E(rM) - Rf)
Given,
Rf = 5%, E(rM) = 15%, and beta = 1.9
Substituting the values in the CAPM equation, we get:
E(r) = 5% + 1.9 x (15% - 5%) = 23%
the highest possible beta estimate for the project before its NPV becomes negative is 0.841.
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ABC Corp was invoiced $315,000 from XYZ Corp last year ... they earned a 1% volume rebate on their first $60,000, a 2.5% rebate on the next $120,000, and a 3.5% rebate on their balance over $180,000. What was their total rebate with XYZ Corp last year? Show your calculation. Use brackets if necessary. ____________________________-
ABC Corp purchased 315,000 worth of products from XYZ Corp last year.
They earned a volume rebate of 1% on their first 60,000, 2.5% on the next 120,000, and 3.5% on the balance over 180,000.
We can calculate the rebate earned using the following formula:
Volume rebate = (rebate percentage / 100) * (purchase amount)
So, for ABC Corp:
Rebate on first 60,000 = (1 / 100) * 60,000 = 600Rebate on next 120,000 = (2.5 / 100) * 120,000 = 3,000
Rebate on remaining 135,000 (315,000 - 60,000 - 120,000) = (3.5 / 100) *
135,000 = 4,725
The total rebate earned by ABC Corp is:
600 + 3,000 + 4,725 = 8,325
Hence, ABC Corp's total rebate with XYZ Corp last year is 8,325.
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non-profit credit counselors should be avoided due to their high fees.
Non-profit credit counseling services can be an excellent resource for anyone who needs help managing their finances. Some people may believe that non-profit credit counselors charge high fees, but this is not necessarily the case.
Non-profit credit counseling services are typically funded by contributions from businesses, individuals, and government agencies. While there may be fees associated with specific services provided by credit counseling organizations, these fees are typically much lower than those charged by for-profit companies.Non-profit credit counselors are subject to the same regulations and ethical standards as other credit counseling services. In fact, some non-profit organizations have been recognized for their excellent services and their commitment to helping consumers become debt-free.Non-profit credit counseling services may offer a variety of services, including credit counseling, debt management plans, financial education, and more. These services can help you take control of your finances, reduce your debt, and improve your credit score.In conclusion, non-profit credit counseling services can be a valuable resource for anyone who needs help managing their finances. While there may be fees associated with specific services provided by credit counseling organizations, these fees are typically much lower than those charged by for-profit companies.
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Chapter 12: Applying Excel Data Example E *Use the formulas from Appendix 13B: Present value of $1=1/(1+r) n
n Present value of an annuity of $1=(1/r) ∗
(1−(1/(1+r) ∧
n)) where n is the number of years and r is the discount rate
The formulas from Appendix 13B of Chapter 12 give a means to compute the present value of a future cash flow or an annuity in financial calculations. The following are the formulas:
1. The present value of $1 is equal to 1 / (1 + r). The present value of a single future cash flow is determined using this formula. It accounts for both the number of periods (n) before the cash flow is received as well as the discount rate (r). We can calculate the present value of the future value by discounting it. 2. The present value of a $1 annuity is calculated as follows: PV = (1 / r) * (1 - (1 / (1 + r)n)) This formula determines the present value of an annuity, which is a series of equal cash flows that will be received on a monthly basis. It the discount rate (r) and the duration (n) of the cash flows are taken into account. The temporal value of money is considered, and each cash flow is discounted to its present value. Both formulas are crucial tools for doing financial analysis, valuing investments, and determining the value of upcoming cash flows. The present value of future cash flows can be calculated using these methods, allowing one to make decisions based on their current value.
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On 1 January 2022, Rhino Limited (Rhino) enters into a contract with a customer, Henan Food Packing (HFP) Ltd, to design and install a replacement motor for one of their packing machines. They agreed on the following terms and conditions: - The agreed contract price is $75,000. - HFP Ltd should pay a deposit of 10% of the contract price on the date the contract is signed. - Once the deposit is made, the design team of Rhino Ltd will work closely with HFP to prepare a detailed design and plan. Once the detailed design is done, HFP must approve the design. At the time of approval, Rhino Ltd require HFP to pay 30% of the contract price. - After the approval, within 5 months, the motor should be designed and has to be delivered and installed. Upon the installation, the customer should pay the balance amount of the contract. If Rhino Ltd delivers later than the dates specified above, HFP Ltd will get a 5% discount on the total contract price. - Rhino Ltd agreed to provide the installation free to HFP Ltd as part of the contract. - Rhino Ltd also promised to provide free maintenance service at the end of the six months upon installation as part of the contract. The selling price of a similar replacement motor excluding any offer is $67,200. A similar installation service is usually sold at $8,000 to other customers and a similar maintenance service is provided at $4,800. As agreed, both the parties to the contract performed their respective obligations as follows: - On 1 January 2022, HFP Ltd paid 10% of the agreed contract price. - On 15 February 2022, HFP Ltd approved the design and paid 30% of the contract price as agreed. - On 25 June 2022 , the motor was delivered and installed successfully. On the same day, HFP Ltd paid the balance amount as agreed. As Daniel used the old revenue accounting standard, IAS 18, while he was practising as an accountant in India, he is now struggling to understand how to account for sales under NZ IFRS 15 . He seeks your advice in recognising revenue with the contract with HFP Ltd. Required: (a) Advise Daniel on how the contract with HFP Ltd should be treated under each step of the five-step revenue recognition model in NZ IFRS 15. (10 marks) (b) Prepare the relevant journal entries for transactions related to the above sale until 30 June 2022. Write narrations for journal entries
(a) Treatment of the contract with HFP Ltd under the five-step revenue recognition model in NZ IFRS 15:
Step 1: Identify the Contract:
The contract with HFP Ltd is identified as it meets the criteria specified in NZ IFRS 15.
Step 2: Identify the Performance Obligations:
The performance obligations in the contract are to design and install a replacement motor for HFP Ltd.
Step 3: Determine the Transaction Price:
The transaction price is determined as $75,000, which is the agreed contract price.
Step 4: Allocate the Transaction Price to the Performance Obligations:
The transaction price needs to be allocated to the performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices. As per the information provided:
- The standalone selling price of the replacement motor is $67,200.
- The standalone selling price of the installation service is $8,000.
- The standalone selling price of the maintenance service is $4,800.
Step 5: Recognize Revenue as the Performance Obligations are Satisfied:
Revenue should be recognized when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer. In this case:
- On 1 January 2022, when HFP Ltd paid the 10% deposit, revenue is recognized for that amount.
- On 15 February 2022, when HFP Ltd approved the design and paid 30% of the contract price, revenue is recognized for that amount.
- On 25 June 2022, when the motor was delivered and installed successfully, and the balance amount was paid by HFP Ltd, revenue is recognized for the remaining amount.
(b) Journal entries:
1. On 1 January 2022, when HFP Ltd paid the 10% deposit:
Debit: Accounts Receivable - HFP Ltd $7,500
Credit: Unearned Revenue $7,500 (Narration: Received deposit from HFP Ltd)
2. On 15 February 2022, when HFP Ltd approved the design and paid 30% of the contract price:
Debit: Accounts Receivable - HFP Ltd $22,500
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After Dan's EFN analysis for East Coast Yachts (see the Closing Case in Chapter 3), Larissa has decided to expand the company's operations. She has asked Dan to enlist an underwriter to help sell $45 million in new 30-year bonds to finance new construction. Dan has entered into discussions with Renata Harper, an underwriter from the firm of Crowe & Mallard, about which bond features East Coast Yachts should consider and also what coupon rate the issue will likely have. Although Dan is aware of bond features, he is uncertain as to the costs and benefits of some of them, so he isn't clear on how each feature would affect the coupon rate of the bond issue.
5.Are investors really made whole with a make-whole call provision?
6.After considering all the relevant factors, would you recommend a zero coupon issue or a regular coupon issue? Why? Would you recommend an ordinary call feature or a make-whole call feature? Why?
5. Make-whole call provision is designed to ensure that bond investors receive the entire interest income stream that they anticipated while investing in the bonds. Hence, investors are made whole by make-whole call provisions.
Make-whole call provisions compensate bondholders by paying them additional money as a penalty for early redemption of bonds. These provisions ensure that investors do not incur any loss if a bond is called before its maturity date. Hence, investors are made whole with a make-whole call provision. 6. A zero coupon issue would be more suitable than a regular coupon issue in the case of East Coast Yachts. This is because the company requires 45 million in new 30-year bonds to finance new construction.
An ordinary call feature should be recommended instead of a make-whole call feature. This is because an ordinary call feature allows the company to call the bond at any time after the call protection period, whereas the make-whole call feature would require the company to pay bondholders a penalty in case of an early redemption. An ordinary call feature would offer more flexibility to East Coast Yachts and would be less costly compared to the make-whole call feature. Hence, an ordinary call feature is recommended.
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ETHICS Should employers check credit reports as part of the hiring process? Each year retailers lose $30 billion a year from employee theft and $55 million because of workplace violence. Those who commit fraud are often living above their means but there is no evidence that workers with poor credit reports are more likely to be violent, steal from their employers, or quit their jobs. And refusing to hire someone with a low credit score creates a sad catch-22: People have poor credit records because they are unemployed and because they have poor credit records they continue to be unemployed. What is the right thing for an employer to do?
Ethics determine what is right and wrong based on a set of moral principles and values. In today's world, many employers request credit reports as part of their hiring process. However, the ethical issue with this is that the poor credit report should not determine if someone gets hired or not.
The following are points to consider when discussing whether employers should check credit reports as part of the hiring process:
Ethical Issues:
Checking the credit report of a potential employee is unethical. The poor credit report should not determine whether or not someone gets the job. Although a credit report may provide some insight into a candidate's financial behavior, it does not say much about their work ethic or job skills.
Legal Issues:
According to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, employers must have written permission from the candidate to access their credit report. Furthermore, employers must notify the candidate if they decide not to hire them based on their credit report and provide them with a copy of the report.
Risk Assessment:
Employers argue that checking credit reports aids in the assessment of risk in hiring a candidate. However, research has shown that there is no correlation between poor credit reports and job performance. Therefore, this argument may be deemed invalid.
Practicality:
Some companies use credit reports to help them identify candidates who may be at risk of fraud or theft. Unfortunately, this approach may also eliminate qualified candidates, as poor credit scores do not always indicate financial irresponsibility.
It's not ethical for employers to check credit reports as part of the hiring process. There are no proven correlations between poor credit reports and job performance, and poor credit scores may be the result of joblessness, thereby creating a catch-22 situation. Employers should rely on the interview process to assess candidates based on their skills, experience, and work ethic.
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a business fails and the owners lose their investment in the company, along with their homes, automobiles, and other personal property. the owners were
The owners were personally liable for the debts of the business, which means they were responsible for paying back the company's creditors with their own personal assets. Since the business failed, the owners lost their investment in the company as well as their homes, automobiles, and other personal property.
When a business fails, the owners may have to liquidate their personal assets to repay the company's debts. This is because some business structures, like sole proprietorships and general partnerships, don't offer personal liability protection. In these cases, the owners' personal assets are not separate from the business's liabilities, so if the business can't pay its debts, the owners are held responsible. For example, let's say John and Mary own a bakery together as a general partnership. Unfortunately, the bakery goes bankrupt and cannot pay its suppliers and creditors. Since John and Mary are personally liable for the business's debts, they will have to use their personal assets, such as their homes, automobiles, and other property, to repay the debts. This means they will lose their investment in the company, as well as their personal belongings.
When a business fails, there are various factors that can determine what happens to the owners' investment and personal property. One common scenario is when the owners have personally guaranteed loans or debts of the business. This means that if the business cannot repay its obligations, the owners are legally obligated to use their personal assets to cover the debts. In some business structures, like sole proprietorships and general partnerships, the owners have unlimited personal liability. This means their personal assets, such as homes, automobiles, and other property, can be used to repay the business's debts. So, if the business fails and has outstanding debts, the owners may be forced to sell their personal property to satisfy those debts. For instance, let's consider a sole proprietor named Sarah who owns a small clothing store. If the store fails and cannot pay its suppliers or rent, Sarah can be held personally liable for these debts. As a result, she may have to use her personal assets, such as her home or car, to repay the debts. This can result in her losing her investment in the store as well as her personal belongings.
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True or False. When firms build houses and sell them to consumers, they contribute to investment.
True. When firms build houses and sell them to consumers, they contribute to investment.
Investment, in economic terms, refers to the creation or acquisition of physical or financial assets that are used to generate income or increase production capacity. It involves the allocation of resources toward the production of goods or services with the expectation of future returns.
When firms build houses and sell them to consumers, it falls under the category of residential investment. Residential investment refers to the construction or purchase of residential buildings such as houses, apartments, or condominiums. The construction of houses involves various activities, including land development, architectural design, materials procurement, labor, and infrastructure construction.
By building houses and selling them to consumers, firms are contributing to the expansion of the housing stock. These newly constructed houses serve as physical assets that provide shelter and accommodation to individuals and families. Additionally, they contribute to the overall housing supply in the economy.
So, when firms build houses and sell them to consumers, they are contributing to investment. The construction of houses represents the creation of physical assets that provide housing and contribute to economic growth, wealth creation, and housing market dynamics.
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The sales budget for the Business Solutions Company for the first six months of the year is;
• January 12,000
• February 13,000
• March 14,000
• April 13,500
• May 12,600
• June 11,100
There are no debtors at the start of January. One month’s credit is allowed to customers.
What is the budgeted cash received in each month?
The budgeted cash received in each month would be the sales amount for that month, as no debtors exist and one month's credit is allowed.
January: $12,000
February: $13,000
March: $14,000
April: $13,500
May: $12,600
June: $11,100
Since one month's credit is allowed to customers, the cash received in each month will be the sales budget for that month plus the cash received from the previous month's sales. For example, in February, the budgeted cash received will be $13,000 (February sales) plus $12,000 (January sales) as the credit from January is received in February. This pattern continues for the subsequent months.
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a call option on olmsted corp. has a strike price of $32. the current stock price of olmsted corp. is $30. the call option is ________.
A call option on Olmsted Corp. has a strike price of $32. The current stock price of Olmsted Corp. is $30. The call option is out-of-the-money.
In options trading, "out-of-the-money" refers to the status of an option that has no intrinsic value, but its price is made up entirely of time value. Out-of-the-money call options have a strike price that is higher than the current price of the underlying asset, whereas out-of-the-money put options have a strike price that is lower than the current price of the underlying asset.
A call option is a contract that grants the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a specific underlying asset at a predetermined price (the strike price) on or before a specified date (the expiration date). When the call option's strike price is higher than the underlying asset's current price, the option is out-of-the-money.
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The gross profit method for estimating inventory ________ be
used for interim reporting. The gross profit method ________ be
used for year end reporting.
A. may; may
B. may; may not
C. may not; may no
The gross profit method for estimating inventory may be used for interim reporting. The gross profit method may not be used for year-end reporting. The following is an explanation of the gross profit method for estimating inventory and why it is utilized.
An organization's profit margin is used to estimate its gross profit. This is expressed as a percentage of the cost of sales that can be used to calculate the gross profit for a particular accounting period, such as a month, a quarter, or a year. Gross profit is determined by deducting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from net sales or revenues, resulting in a gross profit margin percentage.
The gross profit method may be used to estimate inventory in certain scenarios. One of the situations is when a company has its inventory stolen, lost, or destroyed. The gross profit percentage is then applied to sales for the current period, and the cost of goods sold is determined. After that, the cost of goods sold is deducted from the sales total to determine the cost of goods that were destroyed, lost, or stolen.
On the other hand, the gross profit method should not be used for year-end reporting because it is not dependable. The gross profit margin may fluctuate from one accounting period to the next for a variety of reasons. As a result, it is not the most accurate technique for determining the cost of inventory and the gross profit margin.
Hence, it is recommended that the company uses other inventory valuation methods like the First-in, first-out (FIFO) method or Weighted Average Cost of Goods Sold method for year-end reporting.
Therefore, the correct option is may; may not.
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Wendy's: A Plan for International Expansion by Fabrizio Di Muro. For the following questions, please provide a full detailed response concerning the case study provided
What impact (if any) could Wendy’s prior failures in international markets have on its current expansion effort?
What challenges or issues might Wendy’s face in making a significant expansion into Africa?
Using the marketing mix (i.e. product, price, place, promotion), determine what changes Wendy’s might have to make to its operations if it opens restaurants in the foreign markets highlighted in the case.
Imagine that Wendy’s will open 1,000 restaurants in a foreign market(s). Which foreign market(s) would you suggest it enter, and how many restaurants would you suggest it open in each market?
Impact of Wendy's prior failures in international markets on current expansion effortWendy's prior failures in international markets can have a significant impact on its current expansion effort. One of the main challenges is an underdeveloped infrastructure, Another challenge is cultural differences. Product, price, place, and promotion changes required by Wendy’s in foreign markets Wendy's needs to make several changes in its operations to adapt to foreign markets. Some of the factors that should be considered include market size, economic growth, population demographics, infrastructure, political stability, cultural and social factors, competition, and legal regulations.
Impact of Wendy's prior failures in international markets on current expansion effortWendy's prior failures in international markets can have a significant impact on its current expansion effort. The company has experienced significant losses in some international markets. It can negatively affect its brand image and customer perception, leading to difficulties in establishing its brand and business in new markets.
Challenges or issues that Wendy’s might face in making a significant expansion into AfricaWendy's might face some challenges while expanding to Africa. One of the main challenges is an underdeveloped infrastructure, leading to increased operating costs and difficulties in establishing a supply chain. Another challenge is cultural differences, which may require significant changes in the menu, services, and operations. Moreover, the high level of competition, low purchasing power, and economic instability can also pose challenges for Wendy's in the African market.
Product, price, place, and promotion changes required by Wendy’s in foreign markets Wendy's needs to make several changes in its operations to adapt to foreign markets. In terms of products, the company needs to adjust the menu to cater to local tastes, cultures, and preferences. Price changes may also be necessary to fit local purchasing power and competition. Place adjustments may include selecting appropriate locations and adapting the restaurant's design to fit local customs and regulations. Promotion changes should include adapting marketing campaigns, channels, and messages to suit the local market. Imagine that Wendy’s will open 1,000 restaurants in foreign markets is essential to consider several factors while recommending foreign markets to Wendy's.
Some of the factors that should be considered include market size, economic growth, population demographics, infrastructure, political stability, cultural and social factors, competition, and legal regulations. Based on these factors, India, China, and Brazil are some of the promising markets for Wendy's. Wendy's should open 400 restaurants in India, 350 in China, and 250 in Brazil.
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Impact of Wendy's prior failures in international markets on current expansion effortWendy's prior failures in international markets can have a significant impact on its current expansion effort. One of the main challenges is an underdeveloped infrastructure, Another challenge is cultural differences. Product, price, place, and promotion changes required by Wendy’s in foreign markets Wendy's needs to make several changes in its operations to adapt to foreign markets. Some of the factors that should be considered include market size, economic growth, population demographics, infrastructure, political stability, cultural and social factors, competition, and legal regulations.
Impact of Wendy's prior failures in international markets on current expansion effortWendy's prior failures in international markets can have a significant impact on its current expansion effort. The company has experienced significant losses in some international markets. It can negatively affect its brand image and customer perception, leading to difficulties in establishing its brand and business in new markets.
Challenges or issues that Wendy’s might face in making a significant expansion into AfricaWendy's might face some challenges while expanding to Africa. One of the main challenges is an underdeveloped infrastructure, leading to increased operating costs and difficulties in establishing a supply chain. Another challenge is cultural differences, which may require significant changes in the menu, services, and operations. Moreover, the high level of competition, low purchasing power, and economic instability can also pose challenges for Wendy's in the African market.
Product, price, place, and promotion changes required by Wendy’s in foreign markets Wendy's needs to make several changes in its operations to adapt to foreign markets. In terms of products, the company needs to adjust the menu to cater to local tastes, cultures, and preferences. Price changes may also be necessary to fit local purchasing power and competition. Place adjustments may include selecting appropriate locations and adapting the restaurant's design to fit local customs and regulations. Promotion changes should include adapting marketing campaigns, channels, and messages to suit the local market. Imagine that Wendy’s will open 1,000 restaurants in foreign markets is essential to consider several factors while recommending foreign markets to Wendy's.
Some of the factors that should be considered include market size, economic growth, population demographics, infrastructure, political stability, cultural and social factors, competition, and legal regulations. Based on these factors, India, China, and Brazil are some of the promising markets for Wendy's. Wendy's should open 400 restaurants in India, 350 in China, and 250 in Brazil.
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Intro GE just paid an annual dividend of $6.3. Part 1 A Attempt 1/1 If dividends are expected to grow by 3.2% per year, what will be the dividend in 7 years?
The expected dividend for the given period after 7 years is $7.88. The present dividend paid is $6.3. With a growth rate of 3.2%, the future dividend can be calculated for a period of 7 years.
As given in the question,
The current dividend paid is $6.3.
Growth rate = 3.2%
Time period = 7 years.
Dividend formula is
D1 = D0 × (1 + g)
Where
D0 = Dividend paid currently
D1 = Future dividend expected after the given time period g = Growth rate
After substituting the values in the formula, we have:
D1 = 6.3 × (1 + 0.032)7
D1 = 6.3 × 1.2518D1 = $7.88
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