The extracellular environment is contained of a fluid compartment comprising dissolved molecules and a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins that provide form to the tissues.
The extracellular environment refers to the space outside of cells in the body. It includes the fluids and tissues that surround and interact with cells, such as blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid. The extracellular environment also includes the matrix, which is the network of proteins and other molecules that provides structural support to cells and tissues.
Thus, the extracellular environment that is contained of a fluid compartment comprising dissolved molecules and a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins gives form to the tissues.
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1. for two types of extremophiles of your choosing, briefly describe one biological adaptation for each that allows these organisms to survive within their extreme environments. for example, alkaliphilic microcystis species found in alkaline lake in the sierra mountains can survive in conditions
The two types of extremophiles are biologically adapted to various pH values so as to withstand extreme conditions.
The species of alkaliphilic microcystis thrive in extremely alkaline environments with pH levels ranging from 8.5 to 11. The denaturation of nucleic acids is caused by basic pH. To overcome this, organisms develop cytosolic acidification methods, which maintain a neutral pH and allow cellular components to function normally. It has been proposed that the presence of acidic polymers in cell walls forms an acidic matrix that protects the cells from their alkaline surroundings.
Extremophiles are microorganisms that thrive and proliferate in harsh environments. They are organisms that can survive in conditions that are too extreme or harsh for human existence and survival. They include organisms from all three major microbial domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
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which of the following statements is/are true regarding living organisms? check all that apply. check all that apply they do not exhibit excitability.they do not exhibit excitability. they maintain relatively stable internal conditions.they maintain relatively stable internal conditions. they exhibit genetic change from generation to generation.they exhibit genetic change from generation to generation. they exhibit a far higher level of organization than the nonliving world around them.they exhibit a far higher level of organization than the nonliving world around them. they expend very little energy to maintain order.
The following statements are true regarding living organisms:
• They maintain relatively stable internal conditions.
• They exhibit genetic change from generation to generation.
• They exhibit a far higher level of organization than the nonliving world around them.
It is untrue to say that they lack excitability because all living things have the capacity to react to stimuli. It is untrue to say that living things only use a small amount of energy to keep things in order; in fact, they use energy for a variety of functions, including metabolism.
All living things share a number of essential traits or abilities, such as order, environmental sensitivity or responsiveness, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. These eight elements serve to describe life when taken collectively.
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Clavicular breathing is described as overactivity of the pectoral muscles of the upper chest, marked by distinct upward movement of the:
Clavicular breathing, commonly known as "upper chest breathing," is a breathing pattern characterized by excessive activation of the pectoral muscles in the upper chest.
During inhalation, this causes a pronounced upward movement of the clavicles, or collarbones. Clavicular breathing can be a symptom of a respiratory ailment such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or anxiety. It can also be caused by bad posture or habits, such as slouching or hunching forward, which can inhibit diaphragm mobility and force the chest muscles to compensate.Clavicular breathing is described as overactivity of the pectoral muscles of the upper chest, marked by distinct upward movement commonly known as "upper chest breathing," is a breathing pattern characterized by excessive activation of the pectoral muscles in the upper chest. It can also be caused by bad posture or habits, such as slouching or hunching forward, which can inhibit diaphragm mobility and force the chest muscles.
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complete the following table: type of rnafunctionsmessenger rna (mrna)transfer rna (trna)in a ribosome, plays a structural role; as a ribozyme, plays a catalytic role (catalyzes peptide bond formation)primary transcriptsmall rnas in the spliceosome
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): Carries information specifying amino acid sequences of proteins from DNA to ribosomes
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA): Serves as a translator molecule in protein synthesis; it translates mRNA codons into amino acids
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): Plays catalytic (ribozyme) roles structural roles in ribosomes
4. Primary transcript: is a precursor to mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA before being processed; some intron RNA acts as a ribozyme, catalyzing its own splicing
5. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA): Plays structural and catalytic roles in splicesosomes, the complexes of protein and RNA that splice pre-mRNA
Most genes contаin the informаtion needed to mаke functionаl molecules cаlled proteins. The journey from gene to protein is complex аnd tightly controlled within eаch cell. It consists of two mаjor steps: trаnscription аnd trаnslаtion. Together, trаnscription аnd trаnslаtion аre known аs gene expression.
During the process of trаnscription, the informаtion stored in а gene's DNА is pаssed to а similаr molecule cаlled RNА (ribonucleic аcid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNА аnd DNА аre mаde up of а chаin of building blocks cаlled nucleotides, but they hаve slightly different chemicаl properties. The type of RNА thаt contаins the informаtion for mаking а protein is cаlled messenger RNА (mRNА) becаuse it cаrries the informаtion, or messаge, from the DNА out of the nucleus into the cytoplаsm.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question can see in the Attachment.
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how does a speed of a cart changes by a quick tap in the dierection itwas already moving
Answer:
well yeah, but if you push the cart in the opposite direction you will be able to slow down and make the cart go faster.
Answer: depends on the amount force you apply on the cart, if you apply a little bit of force, the cart will only move little bit, but if you apply lots of force it will move much faster.
Explanation: Hope this helped!
FILL IN THE BLANK. ___ is the specific term referring to the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis is the specific term referring to the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
A selectively permeable membrane is a membrane that only allows certain molecules to pass through, while others are blocked. In the case of osmosis, the membrane is permeable to water, but not to dissolved solutes such as sugars or salts.
When the concentration of dissolved solutes is higher on one side of the membrane than the other, water molecules will tend to move from the side where they are more concentrated to the side
where they are less concentrated in order to balance the concentration of solutes on both sides. This movement is called osmosis.
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Place the following terms in the correct order to match the processes outlined by the central dogma of biology.
EDNA is read
=tRNA brings amino acidstRNA brings amino acids
protein is formed
mRNA is created
ribosomes read RNA
The following explains the Central Dogma, the idea that genetic information only travels in one direction:
Describe Central Dogma.
The idea that genetic information can only flow one way—either from DNA through RNA to proteins, or from RNA to proteins—is a fundamental tenet of molecular biology.
The functional units of DNA are known as genes, and they can be classified as polypeptides (proteins and protein subunits) or functional RNAs (such as tRNA and rRNA).
Gene expression is the process by which genetic information is converted into useful products.
A polypeptide gene is expressed in two stages. The central dogma of this procedure is the directionality of information flow.
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which of the following is characterized by the binding of molecules to an extracellular protein, deepening of a coated pit, and eventual creatio
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis is the process by which molecules bind to an extracellular protein, deepen a coated pit, and eventually form a coated vesicle.
An attractive interaction between two molecules results in a stable association in which the molecules are in close proximity to each other. It is formed when atoms or molecules bind together via electron sharing. It frequently, but not always, involves chemical bonding.Quantitative characterization of drug fragment binding properties to a target protein is a critical component of a fragment-based drug discovery program. Fragments typically have a low binding affinity, making it difficult to characterize key binding properties such as binding sites, poses, and affinities experimentally. Direct molecular simulation of the binding equilibrium Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis is the process by which molecules bind to an extracellular protein, deepen a coated pit, and eventually form a coated vesicle.
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Q .Which of the following is characterized by the binding of molecules to an extracellular protein, deepening of a coated pit, and eventual creation of a coated vesicle?a) endocytosisb) receptor-mediated endocytosisc) pinocytosisd) exocytosis
which of the following is not a factor that contributes to variation in a population? natural selection changes in chromosome number or structure independent assortment in meiosis
Among the given options, Natural selection is not a factor that contributes to variation in a population.
Genetic diversity among members of the same species refers to naturally occurring genetic variances. A population can adapt to changing environmental conditions and survive thanks to this variety. Thus, genetic variety is frequently viewed as a benefit since it serves as a kind of contingency planning.
Because one organism chooses to mate with another based on particular qualities, nonrandom mating can occasionally happen when a population interbreeds. In this instance, people in the population make particular behavioral decisions, and these decisions influence the genetic patterns that manifest in succeeding generations.
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French comic writer __________ is famous for his satires about the medical profession, such as The Imaginary Invalid. Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
French comic writer Molière is famous for his satires about the medical profession, such as "The Imaginary Invalid" ("Le Malade imaginaire" in French).
Molière was a prominent playwright and actor in the 17th century, known for his comedic and theatrical works that often critiqued and satirized various aspects of society, including the medical field. "The Imaginary Invalid" is one of his most famous plays, which humorously portrays the hypochondriac Argan and the quack doctors of his time.
The Imaginary Invalid:
"The Imaginary Invalid" ("Le Malade imaginaire" in French) is one of Molière's most famous plays, written in 1673. The play is a comedy-ballet, which includes both spoken dialogue and musical interludes, showcasing Molière's versatility as a playwright.
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stress can depress the release of cells, whose primary function is to suppress viruses and destroy tumor cells.
Cytotoxic effector cells lyse virus-infected cells. Cytotoxic effector cells, such as cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and activated macrophages, can destroy virus-infected cells.
The pituitary (puh-TOO-uh-ter-ee) gland is located at the base of the brain and is about the size of a pea. Despite its tiny size, the pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the "master gland." Many other endocrine glands are controlled by the hormones it produces.
Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) is a medical procedure in which a moderate electric current is passed through your brain, creating a brief seizure.
Because it oversees the actions of many other endocrine glands, the pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the "master" gland of the endocrine system. The pituitary gland is about the size of a pea and is located near the base of the brain.
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Question in picture PLEASE HELP !!!
Answer:
B. are superabsorbent so babies may toilet-train later
Please give earths layers
Note that the layers of the earth as proposed in the image given are:
1- Exosphere
2 - Thermosphere
3 - Mesosphere
4- Stratosphere
5 - Atmosphere
6 - Troposphere
7 - Asthenosphere
8 - Inner Core
9 - Mantle
10 - Lower mantle.
What is the Mesosphere?The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere, located just above the stratosphere and under the thermosphere. Temperature falls as altitude climbs in the mesosphere.
The troposphere is the Earth's initial and lowest layer of the atmosphere, containing 75% of the entire mass of the continental atmosphere, 99% of the total mass of water vapour and aerosols, and is the location of most meteorological occurrences.
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When a neuron sends information down the axon, is called an ___ ___ also known as a spike or impulse.
Answer:
Explanation:
an action potential
d)To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one.
Answer: To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require just one alleles to be mutated and therefore are considered recessive. The mutation results in a loss of a function.
Explanation: Hope this Helps!
This is marine science I don’t understand
Marine biologists conduct intriguing research on the diverse marine flora, fauna, and microorganisms. In the oceans below the surface, 80% of all life is thought to exist! The effects of human actions on the environment, such as pollution and climate change, are reflected in plants and animals.
What does a marine biologist do?Diverse challenges and issues are investigated by marine biologists. Typical areas of concern are listed below:
The global stock of some fish species has decreased as a result of overfishing.More than 12 million tones of plastic have been released into the ocean as a result of pollution, with devastating effects on ecosystems, biodiversity, and food security.Coral cover loss and coral bleaching have significantly increased as a result of ocean acidification and warming.The ocean's biological balance has been changed by the emission of hot water and other effluents from numerous enterprises.Ecosystems and wildlife in the area are permanently damaged by oil spills.Human water-borne illnesses have increased as a result of pollution.Food chains have suffered major effects as a result of the use of pesticides and artificial fertilizers in farming.In fish, shellfish, and other aquatic creatures, chemicals may result in "gender-bending" and problems with reproductive.To Learn more About Marine biologists Refer To:
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1.in parts i and ii of the lab, how did the electrons of each element help to produce the different colors of light? explain your answers using important terms from the lesson and information provided in the laboratory.
As the electrons move from one energy state to another, they produce light. The wavelength determines the light's color.
An atom's energy content is determined by its composition of protons and electrons. The amount of energy an electron releases as it transitions through various energy levels determines the color of the light an atom emits. Light can be produced as electrons move from higher to lower energy levels because they release extra energy during this process.
In the given scenario, during heating, the electrons absorb light and move the excited energy state. Once they start to descend to the lower orbit, the atom emits light. The wavelength of the light tells about its color.
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which statements are true regarding cardiac contractility? the muscle filaments are not able to change the force of contraction, cardiac contractility is the ability of the myocardium to stretch and contract, the contractility can also be influenced by the preload, the stroke volume decreases as the preload increases, the heart workload increases as afterload increases.
Cardiac contractility the muscle filaments are not able to change the force of contraction, cardiac contractility is the ability of the myocardium to stretch and contract, the contractility can also be influenced by the preload.
The concentration of calcium within the cardiomyocyte so any factors that increase intracellular calcium levels will caused cardiac contractility. The stroke volume decreases as the preload increases, the heart workload increases as after load increases.
Muscle contraction is regulated through a process referred to an excitation is known as contraction coupling at the cellular level. Cardiac contractility is important or essential property for all types of muscles. It enables the heart to produce the power that is necessary for its pump function.
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At the end of mitosis, the daughter cells are described as clones. For this description to be appropriate, the daughter cells must Multiple Choice be identical to the each other but are not identical to the original parental cell. separate after cytokinesis and experience an independent existence.
The correct option is B ; separate after cytokinesis and experience an independent existence. Clones are daughter cells that are identical to their parents in every way, including DNA.
These cells should also be self-contained. Option A is incorrect since clones have the same genotype as their parents. Option B, on the other hand, is not entirely correct, but it is true in the case of clones. Mitosis concludes at telophase, or when the chromosomes reach the poles. The nuclear membrane then recovers, and the chromosomes decondense into their interphase states. Cytokinesis, or the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, occurs after telophase.
As a result, option B is right.
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using what you've learned about dna replication to clarify this model, label each dna strand and each protein and indicate the overall direction of dna replication. drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. not all labels will be used.
The replication of a DNA sequence takes place in the direction of 5' to 3' along the template.
DNA replication is the process by which the DNA replicates itself, that is, the DNA of the genome gets copies into the cells. DNA replication involves the formation of replication fork along which the process occurs. Two DNA strands are separated. One is the leading strand which the other is referred to as the lagging strand.
DNA replication always occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction. This is due to the fact that the enzyme DNA polymerase which is responsible for adding nucleotides to the newly synthesized strands which are being formed. It can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the RNA primer.
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which of the following is effective in preventing immediate adhesion to the aerial device when ice formation begins? group of answer choices applying high-pressure steam applying a liquid thawing agent applying distilled water to surfaces applying grease to exposed sliding surfaces
Applying grease to the exposed sliding surfaces can prove to be effective in preventing the immediate adhesion to the aerial device when ice formation begins.
Aerial apparatus or an aerial device is a fire department vehicle which is equipped with an extension ladder which is operated by power or an elevating platform which is used for the purpose of elevated master streams, rescue, ventilation, and gaining access to the upper levels.
This vehicle also carries tools, ground ladders, and other equipment. Application of grease to the exposed sliding surfaces can prove to be effective in preventing the immediate adhesion to the aerial device when ice formation begins.
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Applying grease to the exposed sliding surfaces effectively prevents immediate adhesion to the aerial device when ice formation begins.
Sliding surfaces have greater friction than flat surfaces owing to the slant. Applying grease over the surface creates a layer between the surface and the molecules. This hinders or slows down the adhesion process.
Aerial ice formation and adhesion are countered in two ways. Either ice formation is prevented or ice is removed after they are formed. In dismissing the ice, grease aids to prevent more adhesion to the aerial device. This makes the process less strenuous.
Aerial ice formation occurs during flights and is mainly classified as clear and rime. Clear ice is when the remaining water flows through the aircraft's surface and solidifies. In rime ice, the droplets are large, as in rain droplets.
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based on what you understood from the video, which of the following statements are correct? select all that apply.
It is seen (See Picture) that streptococci cells arranged and the cell morphology of cocci. Additionally, a Gram-stained bacterial smear is well known.
The cellular arrangement in chains that distinguishes streptococci as a kind of bacterium. They are known as "chain cocci" because they are organized in a linear or "strepto-" manner as contrast to other cocci bacteria, which are clustered. Streptococci are divided into a number of groups according to their virulence traits, biochemistry, and cellular structure. The following are examples of streptococci: A pair of bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause meningitis and pneumonia. Pharyngitis, skin infections, and invasive infections are all brought on by the chain-like bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. UTIs, bacteremia, and newborn sepsis are all conditions brought on by the clustered bacteria streptococcus agalactiae.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following statements, in light of what you have learned from the video, is true? Please check all that apply.
1) Bacilli's cell morphology is seen in this picture.
2) Streptococci cells are arranged in this picture.
3) Cocci's cell morphology is displayed in this picture.
4) Most likely, this picture shows a Gram-stained bacterial smear.
len decides to write about the problem of invasive species in the great lakes. he does not know how to solve the problem, so he researches possible solutions. he needs to be careful to multiple choice question. avoid online sources. come up with an original solution. get permission to quote other writers. document his sources.
Any researcher should be careful about documenting sources. Therefore, option 4 is the correct option.
In research, documentation helps the researcher to provide evidence about the information and the ideas the researcher borrowed from another researcher. This includes all the documents, notes, reports, records, and data. This begins the moment the researcher starts researching and this continues till the writing process like drafting, editing, and revising.
This helps the researcher to credit the original author or the creator. This, therefore, ensures consent. So this documentation should be reliable, transparent, plagiarism free, and organized with notes and data of the researcher.
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Predict the eye colors of F1 and F2 generations. (Assume that the F1 flies are allowed to interbreed to produce the F2 generation.)Drag the correct label to the appropriate location in the table. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
There are 450 for every blue-oval and white round (parentals) and 50 for every one blue-round and white-oval (recombinants) for the F2 plants.
The descendants are not entirely set in stone by the augmentation rule (duplicating the gamete frequencies together).
There was a 3:1 proportion of purple: white blossoms in age F2 in light of the fact that the "concealed" (passive) qualities from the F1 age were permitted to coordinate, but they were simply permitted to coordinate one time passing on the other multiple times to show up with purple blossoms.
Approximately one-fourth of the F2 plants showed the characteristic constrained by the passive allele. a predominant allele concealed the passive allele inconspicuous in the F1 age. The return of the passive character in the F2 age demonstrated that the allele had been isolated from the predominant allele.
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which of the following is a reason that expressed sequence tags (ests) aid the identification of dna that encodes proteins?
A single amino acid is coded for by a three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA. It aids in the conversion of a polypeptide chain from an mRNA message.
Only the genome's transcribed sequences can be found in an ESTs sequence database.
A brief sub-sequence and distinctive stretch of DNA in a gene's coding region is known as an expressed sequence tag (EST), which is helpful for identifying full-length genes. a DNA sequence that is expressed and codes for a protein.
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are comparatively short DNA sequences (about 200–300 nucleotides) that are typically produced from the 3′ ends of cDNA clones. PCR primers can be developed from ESTs and used to identify the presence of the particular coding sequence in genomic DNA.
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Abnormal behavior can have biological, social, and cognitive origins. How would you recognize the biological, social, and cognitive aspects of abnormal behavior? Describe an example of an abnormal behavior and explain how its origins are biological. Then repeat the same process with different behaviors that have social and cognitive origins.
Those who work in the field of abnormal psychology investigate people's emotional, cognitive, and/or behavioural issues.
define abnormal behavior ?
Those who hold a medical perspective consider biological and physiological factors to be the root causes of abnormal behaviour, which is treated as a disease or mental illness and is diagnosed through symptoms and treated. The psychodynamic viewpoint evolved from Freudian psychoanalytic theory, which contends that psychological disorders are the result of anxiety caused by unresolved, unconscious conflicts. Abnormal conduct is learnt in a social environment extending from the family to the community to the culture, according to the socialcultural approach. Cultural factors, which are acquired via learning and cognitive processes, are thought to have a role in the development of aberrant behaviour.
Those who work in the field of abnormal psychology investigate people's emotional, cognitive, and/or behavioural issues.
Abnormal behaviour is defined as disturbing (socially unacceptable), distressing, maladaptive (or selfdefeating) behaviour that is frequently the result of distorted thoughts (cognitions).
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james lake of the ucla/nasa astrobiology institute presented new evidence regarding the evolution of eukaryotic cells. he hypothesized that eukaryotes developed from an endosymbiotic gene fusion between the two other domains of life. evaluate from the options provided which kind of genetic evidence would best support this hypothesis.
James Lake of the UCLA/NASA Astrobiology Institute presented new evidence regarding the evolution of eukaryotic cells and hypothesized that eukaryotes developed from an endosymbiotic gene fusion between the two other domains of life.
To evaluate the evidence that would best support this hypothesis, one should consider the following options:
Comparative genomics: This approach involves comparing the genomes of different organisms,including eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea, to identify genes that are unique to eukaryotes and that may have originated from an endosymbiotic event.
Phylogenetic analysis: This approach involves constructing evolutionary trees based on the similarities and differences between the genomes of different organisms.By comparing the relationships of eukaryotic genes to those of prokaryotic and archaeal genes, one can infer the evolutionary history of eukaryotic cells.
Chimeric genes: This type of genetic evidence would be the most supportive of the hypothesis,as it would involve identifying genes in eukaryotic cells that are composed of segments from different prokaryotic or archaeal genomes, which would indicate that they have arisen from a fusion event.
In summary, the genetic evidence that would best support James Lake's hypothesis is the identification of chimeric genes in eukaryotic cells, which would indicate that they have arisen from a fusion.
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1. Which is a true statement about a bilaterally symmetrical animal?
a. It has sense organs at its anterior end.
b. It has sense organs at its posterior end.
c. It has sessile characteristics.
d. It has no posterior.
Bilateral symmetry can be seen in animals that can freely move about their environments. In this case option b is correct
What is an animal that is bilaterally symmetrical?
Bilateral symmetry can be seen in animals that can freely move about their environments. Anatomical elements are situated on opposing sides of a median axis, such that one and only one plane can divide the individual into two nearly identical halves.
Insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and the vast majority of crustaceans are among the animals that have bilateral symmetry.
Animals with bilateral symmetry have the right and left sides, the front and back (dorsal vs. ventral), the "head" and "tail" (anterior vs. posterior), and more. All real animals, with the exception of those with radial symmetry, are bilaterally symmetrical.
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The disinfectant spray in this illustration is most appropriately used for __
multiple choice - cleaning up sharp tools. - cleaning up hazardous chemicals. - cleaning up infectious agents - reducing the level of chemical fumes in the lab environment.
The disinfectant spray in this illustration is most appropriately used for c. clear infectious agents
Disinfectants are chemicals used to inhibit or kill microorganisms or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses and fungi The action of disinfectants can be influenced by several factors such as concentration, contact time, pH, type of microorganism, area of contamination, organic matter and formulation.
The way the disinfectant works is by spraying it on contaminated surfaces of inanimate objects such as floors, wall, door, equipment and bathrooms. This can control the amount of antimicrobials and viruses in high-risk rooms, thereby preventing the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms from surfaces to humans.
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Translate the mRNA codons CUC-AGG. Which of the following would be the correct
amino acid sequence for these codons?
Thr-Ser
Leu-Lys
Leu-Arg
Met-Val
Inform pupils that their task is to: • Write the complementary bases to convert DNA sequences into mRNA codons. • Locate the first base of a codon in the initial column.
What codon in the mRNA gets converted into amino acids?A ribosome as well as a tRNA bind to the mRNA to begin translation. The ribosome's initial docking location is where the tRNA is found. The initiation codon of the mRNA, where translation begins, is complementary to a anticodon of this tRNA. The amine that goes with that codon is carried by the tRNA.
What are the three translational steps?Initiation, extension, and termination are the three phases of an mRNA molecule's translation by the ribosome. The tiny ribosomal subunit attaches to the beginning of the mrna during initiation.
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