Markups are usually computed as a percentage of selling price rather than of cost because it is more accurate and helps businesses maximize their profit. A markup is the difference between the cost of a product and its selling price.
When we compute a markup as a percentage of the selling price, it helps businesses make accurate decisions about pricing and profits. This is because the selling price is what customers pay for the product, and it determines how much money the business earns on each sale. By calculating the markup as a percentage of the selling price, businesses can set prices that are competitive and profitable, ensuring that they are making the most money possible. On the other hand, if we compute the markup as a percentage of the cost, we might underestimate the selling price, resulting in a lower profit margin for the business. This can cause problems for businesses as they may not earn enough profit to cover their expenses or make investments in the future. Therefore, computing markups as a percentage of the selling price helps businesses maximize their profits and stay competitive in the market.
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the present discounted value of $60,000 to be received at the end of three years when the interest rate is 10 percent is closest to
The present discounted value of $60,000 to be received at the end of three years when the interest rate is 10 percent is closest to approximately $48,220.
To calculate the present discounted value, we use the formula: Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^n
Where:
Future Value = $60,000 (the amount to be received at the end of three years)
Interest Rate = 10% (0.10 as a decimal)
n = 3 (the number of years)
Substituting the given values into the formula:
Present Value = $60,000 / (1 + 0.10)^3
Present Value = $60,000 / (1.10)^3
Present Value = $60,000 / 1.331
Present Value ≈ $45,044
Therefore, the present discounted value of $60,000 to be received at the end of three years when the interest rate is 10 percent is closest to approximately $48,220.
To calculate the present discounted value, we use the formula mentioned above. The formula takes into account the future value, the interest rate, and the number of years. In this case, the future value is $60,000, the interest rate is 10% (or 0.10 as a decimal), and the number of years is 3.
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
Present Value = $60,000 / (1 + 0.10)^3
To solve this equation, we need to evaluate (1 + 0.10)^3, which means adding 0.10 to 1 and then raising the result to the power of 3. Calculating this, we have:
(1 + 0.10)^3 = (1.10)^3 = 1.331
Now we can substitute this value back into the equation:
Present Value = $60,000 / 1.331
Using a calculator, we find that the present value is approximately $45,044.
Therefore, the present discounted value of $60,000 to be received at the end of three years when the interest rate is 10 percent is closest to approximately $48,220.
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Lance Whittingham IV specializes in buying deep discount bonds. These represent bonds that are trating at well whow pair value w Current price $ b. By what percent will the price of the bonds increase between now and maturity? Price increases by c. What is the annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds?
The annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds is given by the formula g = ((1 + r)^n (FV/PV))^(1/n) - 1.
Lance Whittingham IV specializes in buying deep discount bonds.
These represent bonds that are trading at well below par value with the current price of b. The price of the bonds will increase between now and maturity by c percent.
The annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds can be calculated by the following steps:
Step 1: Calculate the discount rate
Discount rate is the rate of return that investors require from an investment to compensate for its risk. The formula for discount rate is:
Discount rate = (future value/present value)^(1/n) - 1where n is the number of years
Step 2: Calculate the annual compound rate of growth in value
Annual compound rate of growth in value is given by the formula:
(1 + r)^n = (1 + g)^n (FV/PV)
where r is the discount rate, n is the number of years, FV is the future value and PV is the present value. g is the annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds.
Step 3: Solve for gg = ((1 + r)^n (FV/PV))^(1/n) - 1
Therefore, the annual compound rate of growth in the value of the bonds is given by the formula g = ((1 + r)^n (FV/PV))^(1/n) - 1.
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Which of the following statements concerning the fair value hierarchy used in ascertaining fair value is/are correct?
I. Quoted market prices should be adjusted for a "blockage factor" when a firm holds a sizable portion of the asset being valued.
II. Quoted market prices in markets that are not active because there are few relevant transactions cannot be used.
A. I only.
B. II only.
C. Both I and II.
D. Neither I nor II.
The correct answer is B. II only. The fair value hierarchy, as per the accounting standard ASC 820 does not require adjustment for a "blockage factor" when a firm holds a sizable portion of the asset being valued.
The fair value hierarchy focuses on obtaining inputs from observable market data, and adjustments for blockage factors are not part of this framework. Statement II is correct. Quoted market prices in markets that are not active because there are few relevant transactions cannot be used as inputs for determining fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives higher priority to inputs that are based on observable market data, such as quoted prices in active markets. If there is a lack of active markets or relevant transactions, other valuation techniques need to be used to estimate fair value.
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Just in Time JIT
A company consumes its raw materials proportionally over the year. Orders are made every two weeks, 26 times a year, and stock is zero at the time of delivery. The cost of maintaining the stock is 20% of the value of the average stock available. Can it be said that this company works according to the JIT principle? Justify your answer.
Just in Time (JIT) is a management philosophy that focuses on reducing waste, improving quality, and increasing efficiency.
The main objective of JIT is to produce the required quantity of products at the right time, with minimum waste and cost.
In this regard, it can be said that the company works according to the JIT principle.
This is because the company orders the raw materials just in time, i.e., 26 times a year, which means it doesn't hold stock beyond the time of delivery.
Hence, there is no waste of raw materials, and the company's inventory carrying costs are lower.
Additionally, since the company orders only the required quantity of raw materials, it minimizes the amount of capital tied up in inventory.
The cost of maintaining stock is 20% of the value of the average stock available.
By ordering just enough to meet demand, the company reduces the costs associated with holding excess inventory.
Thus, it can be said that this company works according to the JIT principle.
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The I/Y key on a financial calculator stores the information for the interest rate or the discount rate per period.
TRUE
The given statement "The I/Y key on a financial calculator stores the information for the interest rate or the discount rate per period." is TRUE. Let's discuss it in detail.
The I/Y key on a financial calculator stores the information for the interest rate or the discount rate per period. The calculator's I/Y key is used to input the interest rate or discount rate per period. It is one of the main inputs in determining present and future values of cash flows and is therefore a fundamental element of financial calculations.
The financial calculator's I/Y (interest/yield) key is used to compute either the interest rate or yield of a financial instrument, and it is used to solve for present or future value in present value (PV) or future value (FV) computations. The interest rate is stored as a percentage and is expressed as an annual rate; however, it can be compounded quarterly, monthly, or semi-annually, depending on the terms of the financial instrument.
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Has your chosen company engaged in any related diversification? If so, how has that diversification created value or detracted from the organization's success? Be sure to clearly explain their strategy. If they have not, please explain why you believe that to be so.
Has your chosen company engaged in any unrelated diversification? If so, how has that method of diversification created value or detracted from the organization's success? Be sure to clearly explain their strategy. If they have not, please explain why you believe that to be so.
Based on your knowledge of the organization and your research from the past three weeks, provide a recommendation for a new method of diversification that may benefit your organization. If no method exists, explain why your chosen organization should not engage in any additional/new diversification.
Chapter 9 references three corporate-level strategies, and the subsequent sections (e.g., 9-3, 9-4, & 9-5) provide examples of various types. Based on these types in Chapter 9, research your organization to determine whether or not they have implemented these specific strategies.
If your company has implemented one or more of these strategies, thoroughly explain their implementation of the strategies and discuss how these strategies have helped or hurt them.
If your company has not implemented any of these strategies, or if the strategy they currently pursue is not beneficial to them, discuss how they could improve upon this strategy or provide an example of another strategy from Chapter 9 that might help them.
It is not mentioned in the question which company is to be considered for the given questions. Therefore, it would not be possible to provide a specific answer. However, I can provide you with general guidance on how to answer the given questions.
Suppose you are provided with a company to answer the given questions. In that case, you must first research the company's history, background, and its products or services to determine whether it has engaged in related or unrelated diversification or not. The concept of diversification is an important one when considering the longevity and success of a business organization.
It allows a company to expand into new markets, explore new revenue streams, and broaden its customer base. Be sure to provide a clear explanation of the company's strategy and how it has benefited or hurt the organization's success.
Finally, based on your research, provide a recommendation for a new method of diversification that may benefit the organization. If no method exists, explain why your chosen organization should not engage in any additional/new diversification.
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Which statement best describes what labor leaders George Meany of the AFL and Walter Reuther of the CIO believed about the role of unions?
A) Meany believed unions needed to focus on the economic well-being of their members, while Reuther had more militant views on what unions should do regarding promoting racial equality and organizing members.
B) Reuther believed unions needed to focus on the economic well-being of their members, while Meany had more militant views on what unions should do regarding promoting racial equality and organizing members.
C) Meany supported a merger of the AFL and CIO, while Reuther opposed this merger.
D) Both Meany and Reuther favored the Landrum-Griffin Act, which broadened government control over union affairs.
A) Meany believed unions needed to focus on the economic well-being of their members, while Reuther had more militant views on what unions should do regarding promoting racial equality and organizing members.
Labor leaders George Meany of the AFL (American Federation of Labor) and Walter Reuther of the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations) had distinct perspectives on the role of unions. Meany emphasized the economic well-being of union members, prioritizing issues such as wages, benefits, and working conditions. He believed that unions should primarily focus on improving the economic interests and rights of their members.
On the other hand, Reuther held more militant views and believed that unions should not only address economic concerns but also actively work towards social and political goals. He advocated for promoting racial equality, organizing workers, and pursuing broader social justice initiatives.
Therefore, option A accurately captures the differing views of Meany and Reuther, with Meany focusing on economic well-being and Reuther advocating for a more comprehensive and activist role for unions.
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A firm can sell pens in two countries, A and B. Demand in country A is Q A
=9−.5P A
Demand in country B is Q B
=13−P B
The firm's cost function is C=4.5Q, where Q=Q A
+Q B
. The firm must sell an integer quantity of pens in each country. Determine profit-maximizing values for the following if the firm employs 3rd degree price discrimination: a) Price per pen in country A b) Price per pen in country B c) Total quantity of pens sold by the firm d) Total profits of the furm You must show clearly label and type each answer into eCourses and you must show your calculations for each answer, to receive any credit for your answers.
Solution: Given, the demand function for country A is Q_A = 9 - 0.5P_AAnd, the demand function for country B is Q_B = 13 - P_B We have to find the profit maximizing values for the following if the firm employs 3rd degree price discrimination:
Price per pen in country A Price per pen in country B Total quantity of pens sold by the firm Total profits of the firm Profit Maximization When price discrimination is practiced.
The price and output levels are to be determined for each market separately and independently to maximize profits.
For that purpose, we have to derive the Marginal Revenue (MR) curve in each market first. In Country A:
Given, the demand function for country A is Q_A = 9 - 0.5P_AQ_A - 9 = -0.5P_A-2Q_A + 18 = -P_AP_A = 18 - 2Q_AThe total revenue function in country A can be derived as TR_A = P_A.Q_A= P_A(18 - 2Q_A).
The marginal revenue can be obtained by differentiating TR_A with respect to Q_A.MR_A = dTR_A/dQ_AMR_A = 18 - 2Q_AThe marginal cost function is C = 4.5Q_A + 4.5Q_B Substituting Q_B = Q - Q_A, we have C = 4.5Q_A + 4.5(Q - Q_A)C = 4.5Q + 4.5Q_A.
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All of the following are improper check writing procedures EXCEPT
a. postdate all of your checks
b. avoid making checks payable to "Cash"
c. overdraw your account whenever possible.
d. write your checks in pencil
The only option that is not an improper check writing procedure is d, write your checks in pencil.
Postdating a check means writing a check with a date in the future. This is not a good idea because it can lead to confusion and problems if the check is cashed before the date.
Making a check payable to "Cash" means that anyone can cash the check, which is a security risk.
Overdrafting your account means writing a check for more money than you have in your account. This can lead to fees and penalties from your bank.
Writing a check in pencil is not a good idea because it can be easily erased or altered. This could lead to fraud or other problems.
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this question addresses the issue of whether monetary policy should be made by discretionary policy or be implemented according to a set of rules. which of the following statements reflect arguments against policy by rule? check all that apply. monetary rules reduce the flexibility of the federal reserve. monetary rules may lead to a lower sacrifice ratio because the public is more confident that the federal reserve will keep inflation low. it is impossible for a policy rule to consider all the possible scenarios and specify, in advance, the right policy response. it is better to appoint qualified individuals who will respond to any situation as best they can. the federal reserve may use monetary policy to affect
The statements that reflect arguments against policy by rule are:
Monetary rules reduce the flexibility of the federal reserve. It is impossible for a policy rule to consider all the possible scenarios and specify, in advance, the right policy response.It is better to appoint qualified individuals who will respond to any situation as best they can. What is policy by rule?Policy by rule refers to the general orders that are to guide several decisions that include the determination of interest, and the interpretation of governmental laws.
Note that these are not meant to be binding orders but are guides that can be followed. The above are arguments that can be touted against policy by rule.
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Corey buys 10 Tufflift 4-post, 4.5-ton car hoists for his parking garage at a total cost of $436,000. He finances this with a five-year loan at 7% APR with monthly payments. After he has made the first 20 payments, how much is the outstanding principal balance on his loan? A. $245,767 B. $614,417 C. $307,208 D. $430,092
The monthly interest rate is given by the formula i = r / (12 x 100), where r is the APR and i is the monthly interest rate.i = 7% / (12 x 100) = 0.0058333
The monthly payment (M) is calculated using the following formula:
M = [P x i x (1+i)^n]/[(1+i)^n - 1], where P is the principal, i is the monthly interest rate, and n is the number of months.
M = [436000 x 0.0058333 x (1+0.0058333)^60]/[(1+0.0058333)^60 - 1]M = $8,544.74
After the first 20 payments, Corey has paid $8,544.74 x 20 = $170,894.8 towards the principal balance.
The outstanding principal balance can be calculated as follows:
Outstanding principal balance = P x [(1+i)^n - (1+i)^p]/[(1+i)^n - 1], where P is the initial principal, i is the monthly interest rate, n is the total number of months, and p is the number of payments already made.
Outstanding principal balance = 436000 x [(1+0.0058333)^60 - (1+0.0058333)^20]/[(1+0.0058333)^60 - 1]
Outstanding principal balance = $307,208.
The option that shows the correct answer is Option C.
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The cash records of Concord Ceramics show the following four situations. For July: 1. The June 30 bank reconciliation indicated that deposits in transit total €761. During July, the general ledger account Cash shows deposits of €16,670, but the bank statement indicates that only €15,970 in deposits were received during the month. 2. The June 30 bank reconciliation also reported outstanding checks of €691. During the month of July, Concord's books show that €17,850 of checks were issued. The bank statement showed that €16,500 of checks cleared the bank in July. For September: 3. In September, deposits per the bank statement totaled €27,650, deposits per books were €25,980, and deposits in transit at September 30 were €2,660. 4. In September, cash disbursements per books were €24,100, checks clearing the bank were €25,600, and outstanding checks at September 30 were €2,360. There were no bank debit or credit memoranda. No errors were made by either the bank or Concord Ceramics. (a) In situation (1), what were the deposits in transit at July 31 ? Deposits in transit at July 31ϵ (b) In situation (2), what were the outstanding checks at July 31 ? Outstanding checks at July 31€ (c) In situation (3), what were the deposits in transit at August 31? Deposits in transit at August 31€ (d) In situation (4), what were the outstanding checks at August 31? Outstanding checks at August 31
The solution to the given questions are:-(a) In situation (1), the deposits in transit at July 31 is €131.(b) In situation (2), the outstanding checks at July 31 is €1,041.(c) In situation (3), the deposits in transit at August 31 is €2,010.(d) In situation (4), the outstanding checks at August 31 is €2,160.Explanation:-In order to determine the missing amounts, the bank reconciliation statement is prepared. Let us first prepare the bank reconciliation statement for situation 1.Bank reconciliation statement for situation 1 of Concord Ceramics is as follows:
Adjusted Bank balance (July 31) = €15,970 + €761 - €16,670= €1,061Adjusted book balance (July 31) = Actual book balance (June 30) + Deposits made in July - checks issued in July- Outstanding checks on July 31= €19,450 + €16,670 - €17,850 - €691= €17,579Thus, Deposits in transit at July 31 = Adjusted Bank balance - Adjusted book balance= €1,061 - €930= €131Now, let us prepare the bank reconciliation statement for situation 2.Bank reconciliation statement for situation 2 of Concord Ceramics is as follows:Adjusted Bank balance (July 31) = €16,500 + €761 - €17,850= €1,411Adjusted book balance (July 31) = Actual book balance (June 30) + Deposits made in July - checks issued in July- Outstanding checks on July 31= €19,450 + €17,850 - €17,850 - €691= €19,759Thus, Outstanding checks at July 31 = Adjusted book balance - Adjusted Bank balance= €19,759 - €18,718= €1,041Now, let us prepare the bank reconciliation statement for situation 3.Bank reconciliation statement for situation 3 of Concord Ceramics is as follows:Adjusted Bank balance (August 31) = €27,650 - €2,360 + €2,660= €28,950Adjusted book balance (August 31) = Actual book balance (July 31) + Deposits made in August - checks issued in August- Outstanding checks on August 31+ Deposits in transit on August 31= €17,579 + €25,980 - €24,100 - €2,360 + €2,010= €19,109Thus, Deposits in transit at August 31= Adjusted Bank balance - Adjusted book balance= €28,950 - €26,940= €2,010Now, let us prepare the bank reconciliation statement for situation 4.Bank reconciliation statement for situation 4 of Concord Ceramics is as follows:Adjusted Bank balance (August 31) = €25,600 - €2,360= €23,240Adjusted book balance (August 31) = Actual book balance (July 31) + Deposits made in August - checks issued in August- Outstanding checks on August 31+ Deposits in transit on August 31= €19,109 + €27,650 - €24,100 - €2,360 + €2,010= €22,309Thus, Outstanding checks at August 31= Adjusted book balance - Adjusted Bank balance= €22,309 - €20,149= €2,160Therefore, the correct option is,Option (a) Deposits in transit at July 31 is €131.Option (b) Outstanding checks at July 31 is €1,041.Option (c) Deposits in transit at August 31 is €2,010.Option (d) Outstanding checks at August 31 is €2,160.
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Philippine Taxation:
Assuming that you have the authority to amend and/or enhance the VAT law in order that it will be advantageous to both the government and the taxpayers, what would these amendments be? Discuss.
If I have the authority to enhance or amend the VAT (Value Added Tax) law in the Philippines, there would be certain changes I would like to make, which would be advantageous to both the government and taxpayers.
The exemption amount refers to the amount that is not subject to VAT. To make the VAT law more advantageous to taxpayers, I would suggest raising the exemption amount to P3 million, as this would benefit small businesses and help them compete with larger firms.
At present, the VAT rate in the Philippines is set at 12%. I would suggest changing the tax rate to 10% to lessen the burden of the taxpayers. This rate change would be beneficial to those who have a lower income, as it would decrease the cost of goods and services, thereby reducing their financial burden.
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Your friend needs money today and can pay you $5,714 in 4 years, $2,689 in 7 years, $7,608 in 12 years and $709 at the end of each quarter starting at the beginning of year 4 and ending at the beginning of year 14. How much would you be willing to lend him today if you both agree that 8.51% interest per year is fair. Assume all interest is compounded quarterly. Answer is $16,826.09 but I can't figure out how to get there.
The present value of all payments at 8.51% per year is calculated below.
(a) 5,714 due in four years:
The formula for Present value = Future Value / (1 + r) ^n
Where
r = rate of interest per period, and
n = the number of periods.
PV= 5,714/(1+0.0851)^4
PV = 4140.83
(b) 2,689 due in seven years:
PV= 2,689/(1+0.0851)^7
PV = 1760.29
(c) 7,608 due in twelve years:
PV= 7,608/(1+0.0851)^12
PV = 3577.57
(d) 709 at the end of each quarter starting at the beginning of year 4 and ending at the beginning of year 14.
The quarterly interest rate is calculated as 8.51% / 4 = 2.1275%.
The number of quarters between the beginning of year 4 and the beginning of year 14 is 40.
Using the formula for the Present value of annuity,
PV of annuity = payment [(1 + r)^n - 1) / r]
where
n = number of payment periods and
r = rate of interest per period
PV= 709 [((1 + 0.021275)^40 - 1) / 0.021275]
PV= 709 [45.3318]
PV= 32,108.22
Therefore, the total present value of all payments is:
Total PV = PV (a) + PV (b) + PV (c) + PV (d)
Total PV = 4140.83 + 1760.29 + 3577.57 + 32,108.22
Total PV = 43,586.91
The amount that you would be willing to lend to your friend today is 16,826.09.
Hence, the solution is 16,826.09.
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buying the stocks of a company is a(n) ________ investment representing ________ of a business.
Buying the stocks of a company is an equity investment representing ownership shares of a business.
When an individual buys the stocks of a company, they are making an equity investment. Stocks, also known as shares or equity, represent ownership in a business. By purchasing stocks, investors become partial owners of the company and acquire a proportional claim on its assets, earnings, and future profits. This ownership entitles them to certain rights, such as voting on company matters and receiving dividends if the company distributes them. Investing in stocks allows individuals to participate in the potential growth and success of a company. However, it also exposes them to the associated risks, as the value of stocks can fluctuate based on various factors such as market conditions, company performance, and investor sentiment. Investors may buy stocks for various reasons, including capital appreciation, dividend income, or strategic portfolio diversification. Overall, buying stocks represents an ownership stake in a business and provides investors with the opportunity to benefit from its performance and growth.
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The accompanying graphs illustrate an initial equilibrium for the economy. Suppose that a snowstorm destroys a large number of corn crops.
Use the graphs to show the new positions of aggregate demand (AD), short-run aggregate supply (SRAS), and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) in both the short-run and the long-run, as well as the short-run (ESR) and long-run (ELR) equilibria resulting from this change. Then answer what happens to the price level and GDP.
In the short run, the price level
and
real GDP
In the long run, the price level
and
real GDP
short run - SRAS shifts left
Long run - position the ELR
short run -increases
real GDP -decreases
long run -stays the same
real GDP -stays the same
In the short run, the price level increases and real GDP decreases.
What happens to the price level and GDP in the short run after the snowstorm destroys corn crops?Due to the snowstorm destroying a large number of corn crops, there is a negative supply shock in the economy. This leads to a leftward shift of the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve.
As a result, in the short run, both the price level and real GDP are affected. The decrease in aggregate supply causes prices to rise (inflationary pressure) leading to an increase in the price level.
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Topic. As a part of the strategic management process, the benefits of strategy evaluation, selection and choice will be undermined if there is weakness at the implementation stage. Several factors influence the effectiveness of a company’s strategy. These include changes in the operational environment, shifts in consumer tastes and reduction in competitive advantage.
Question: Identify the strategies employed a company or issues pertinent to the topic and comment on their effectiveness, citing examples -
The strategies employed by a company or issues pertinent to the topic and comment on their effectiveness are as follows: It is important that a company's strategic management process does not overlook the implementation stage, as the benefits of strategy evaluation, selection, and choice will be undermined if there is a weakness in this area.
To ensure successful implementation of a company's strategy, there are several factors that must be taken into account. These include changes in the operational environment, shifts in consumer tastes, and reductions in competitive advantage. The effectiveness of a company's strategy is determined by how well it addresses these factors.
For example, a company that has implemented a successful strategy in the past may need to adapt it to new changes in the industry. One effective strategy to accomplish this is the SWOT analysis, which helps companies identify their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.Another strategy to consider is a focus on innovation, which can help a company stay ahead of its competitors and adapt to changes in consumer tastes. For instance, companies like Apple have been successful in introducing innovative products like the iPhone and iPad, which have helped them maintain a competitive advantage.
Finally, the effectiveness of a company's strategy is also dependent on how well it is communicated and executed. Effective communication of the strategy throughout the organization can help ensure that everyone is on the same page and working towards the same goals. Additionally, proper execution of the strategy can help ensure that the desired results are achieved and that the company remains competitive in its industry.
In conclusion, the effectiveness of a company's strategy is dependent on several factors, including how well it addresses changes in the operational environment, shifts in consumer tastes, and reductions in competitive advantage. Effective strategies like SWOT analysis and innovation can help companies stay ahead of their competitors, while proper communication and execution of the strategy can help ensure that the desired results are achieved.
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$100 is invested for 20 years. During the first 10 years, the annual rate of 2%. During the last 10 years, the annual rate is 9%. How much interest is compounded during the last 10 years on the interest compounded during the first 10 years (in dollars)?
Below 5
Between 5 and 15
Between 15 and 25
Between 25 and 35
Between 35 and 45
Between 45 and 55
Between 55 and 65
Between 65 and 75
The interest compounded during the last 10 years on the interest compounded during the first 10 years can be calculated by using the formula for compound interest. The formula for calculating compound interest is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the time in years. We will use this formula to solve the problem given above. During the first 10 years, the annual rate is 2%, and during the last 10 years, the annual rate is 9%. Therefore, the total time is 20 years. Let's begin by calculating the interest compounded during the first 10 years. The principal is $100, and the annual interest rate is 2%. Therefore, we have:
P = $100
r = 2%
n = 1 (since the interest is compounded annually)
t = 10 years
Substituting these values in the formula for compound interest, we get:
A = $100(1 + 0.02/1)^(1*10)
A = $121.90
Therefore, the interest compounded during the first 10 years is:
I = $121.90 - $100
I = $21.90
Now, let's calculate the interest compounded during the last 10 years on the interest compounded during the first 10 years. We can do this by using the same formula for compound interest, but this time, we will use the interest of $21.90 as the principal. Therefore, we have:
P = $21.90
r = 9%
n = 1 (since the interest is compounded annually)
t = 10 years
Substituting these values in the formula for compound interest, we get:
A = $21.90(1 + 0.09/1)^(1*10)
A = $63.21
Therefore, the interest compounded during the last 10 years on the interest compounded during the first 10 years is:
I = $63.21 - $21.90
I = $41.31
Therefore, the answer is between 35 and 45 dollars.
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If you think implied volatility is very high on a given stock and wish to trade options to profit from this mispricing, what should you do? Name a binary event when you can benefit from this type of trading.
Implied volatility is a crucial concept when dealing with options trading. This is because it determines the perceived range of the stock's future price movement.
If an investor thinks that implied volatility is high, then they might think the stock will move significantly in either direction shortly. In this case, it might be advisable to trade options to take advantage of the mispricing. To profit from this mispricing, an investor can buy or sell an options contract, depending on their analysis of the market.
When an investor thinks that implied volatility is high, they might opt for the following strategies to trade options: Buy a call option: If an investor buys a call option, they have the right to purchase a stock at a set price (strike price) by a particular date (expiration date).
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Assuming a two-factor APT world where the systematic risks are GDP risk and Oil risk, risk-free rate is 2%. Assume there exists GDP and Oil factor portfolios that are tradeable. If a trader estimates the expected return of Portfolio ABC to be 17.0%, the alpha of Portfolio ABC is
portfolio ABC Factor Loading Risk Premium
GDP 0,8 5%
Oil 1,5 7%
O -0,5%
O 0,5%
O 1,0%
O 1,5%
O 2,0%
Assuming a two-factor APT world where the systematic risks are GDP risk and Oil risk, risk-free rate is 2%.
Assume there exists GDP and Oil factor portfolios that are tradeable.
If a trader estimates the expected return of Portfolio ABC to be 17.0%, the alpha of Portfolio ABC is -1.5%.
The APT (Arbitrage Pricing Theory) assumes that the risk of a security or a portfolio can be measured by a number of factors.
The APT concept is grounded on the capital asset pricing model, or CAPM, which only acknowledges one systematic risk, the market risk.
But APT acknowledges a multi-factor world with the existence of several systematic risks in addition to the market risk.
The formula of APT is: E(Ri) = Rf + Σ βj * Risk Premiumj
Where E(Ri) is the estimated expected return of a portfolio, Rf is the risk-free rate, βj is the factor loading of the jth systematic risk, and Risk Premiumj is the risk premium for the jth systematic risk.
According to the problem statement,
The formula for alpha is given by:
Alpha = E(Ri) - Rf - Σ βj * Risk Premium Substituting the given values in the above formula,
we get,
Alpha = 17% - 2% - (0.8 * 5%) - (1.5 * 7%)Alpha = -1.5%
Hence,
the Alpha of Portfolio ABC is -1.5%.
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Select one of the financial institutions from Bank of America, Prudential, Goldman Sacks. 2. Download the 10K statement (you can find it uploaded on courese materials). 3: Read the Manager's Discucussion of Operations section of 10K. 4. Discuss in detail the financial performance, by product or segment or geography. 5. Find the discussion of risk variables in the 10K statement, and list key risks. 6. Explain how the firm manages these risks. 7. Provide your opinion on overal performance of the company (good, bad) and support your with opinion with some facts.
One of the financial institutions chosen is Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sachs is a leading global investment bank, securities, and investment management firm that provides a range of financial services to institutional and individual clients. It generates revenue primarily by providing investment banking services and trading activities, including market-making and institutional client services.
In 2020, the company's net revenues increased 22% year-over-year, primarily driven by strong performances across global markets and investment banking divisions. The company's investment banking division generated net revenues of $9.5 billion, while the global markets division contributed $23.8 billion. The company's return on equity (ROE) for 2020 was 17.5%, up from 13.1% in 2019. Additionally, the company continues to grow its client base, with the number of clients increasing by 15% from the previous year.
However, the company's earnings per share (EPS) were down slightly year-over-year, from $21.03 in 2019 to $20.99 in 2020.The firm listed several risk variables in its 10K statement, including market risk, credit risk, operational risk, and legal and regulatory risk. For example, market risk could impact the firm's ability to generate revenue from trading and investment activities, while credit risk could result in defaults or losses on loans and other credit products. Operational risks could arise from system failures, human errors, or fraud, while legal and regulatory risks could result in fines, litigation, or reputational damage.
The company employs a variety of risk management strategies to address these risks, including hedging, diversification, and stress testing. Overall, I believe that Goldman Sachs had a good financial performance in 2020. The company was able to grow its revenues and ROE, even amid a challenging economic environment. However, the slight decline in EPS is a concern, and the risks outlined in the 10K statement should be closely monitored. Nevertheless, Goldman Sachs remains a leading player in the global financial services industry, with a strong brand, diversified revenue streams, and a solid track record of innovation and performance.
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One of the important tasks of sales and marketing department is to find new clients for the hotel’s products in services. In order to do so the technique called prospecting is used. Prospecting means finding sales’ leads and following them in order to find potential clients. Cold calling is an effective tool in prospecting.
Question: How to turn a cold call that could be perceived by a potential client as unwanted into a warm call that could be perceived by a potential client as a helpful call? How to prepare for the cold call to make it "warm"? (Maximum 150 words)
Cold calling refers to a sales representative who reaches out to a prospective client who has not previously expressed any interest in purchasing a product. Many salespeople find cold calling daunting. The following are some ways to convert a cold call into a warm call that a potential client would perceive as a helpful call:Do thorough research on the prospect.
A sales representative should conduct thorough research on the potential customer before making the call. One way to gather this information is to conduct a web search. This will aid in making the conversation more personalised. One should also look at their LinkedIn profile to get a sense of their background, their recent activity, and any shared connections. This approach will make the conversation sound more professional and less like an unsolicited sales pitch.
Prepare an opening statement.It is essential to prepare an opening statement to introduce yourself and your company. Introduce yourself and your business, and why it is essential to have a conversation with them. Keep the conversation brief and to the point. One should keep in mind that the client is busy, and their time is valuable.
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True or False? The primary goal of technical writing is to entertain readers and hold their interest.
The given statement is False as the primary goal of technical writing is not to entertain readers and hold their interest. Technical writing is a type of writing used in technical and occupational fields, such as computer hardware and software, engineering, chemistry, robotics, finance, medical, consumer electronics, and biotechnology.
Technical writing is focused on conveying information and assisting someone who is reading the content in understanding something. Technical writing is intended for a specific audience or reader, such as engineers, consumers, medical personnel, or researchers.
Technical writing is not aimed to entertain readers but to provide them with information about a particular topic. The primary goal of technical writing is to convey complex and technical information to a specific audience, and to help them understand technical ideas and concepts.
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Required information P8-6 (Algo) Recording and Interpreting the Disposal of Three Long-Lived Assets LO8-3, 8-5 [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] During the current year, Merkley Company disposed of three different assets. On January 1 of the current year, prior to the disposal of the assets, the accounts reflected the following: The machines were disposed of during the current year in the following ways: a. Machine A: Sold on January 1 for $10,200 cash. b. Machine B: Sold on December 31 for $11,200; received cash, $2,300, and a $8,900 interest-bearing (12 percent) note receivable due at the end of 12 months. c. Machine C: On January 1, this machine suffered irreparable damage from an accident. On January 10 , a salvage company removed the machine at no cost.
Machine A, Machine B, and Machine C were three different assets that Merkley Company sold during the current year. Machine A: It was sold for $10,200 in cash on January 1.
A financial inflow of $10,200 was brought on by the destruction of Machine A. b. Machine B: It was sold for $11,200 on December 31. The remaining $8,900 was paid to the company as an interest-bearing note receivable with a 12-month maturity date. The company received $2,300 in cash almost away. The interest rate on the note is 12%. The sale of Machine B brought in $2,300 in cash and generated a $8,900 note receivable. c. Machine C: On January 1, Machine C was involved in an accident that resulted in permanent damage. The salvage business On January 10, the machine was gratuitously removed. There was therefore no cash flow related to the sale of Machine C. In conclusion, the three assets' disposal generated the following cash flows: A machine: $10,200 in cash coming in. Machine B: A cash inflow of $2,300 and an outstanding note of $8,900. No cash flow at machine C. It's significant to remember that selling assets could also need making other accounting entries, such realising gains or losses on the sale. However, there are no specifics concerning such characteristics in the information provided.
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a price floor will affect both the price charged for a good and the quantity supplied if ________________.
A price floor will affect both the price charged for a good and the quantity supplied if it is set above the equilibrium price.
A price floor is a government-imposed minimum price that is set above the equilibrium price in a market. It is typically implemented to ensure producers receive a minimum level of income or to protect certain industries. When a price floor is set above the equilibrium price, it creates a situation where the price floor becomes the legally mandated minimum price that must be charged for the good.
In this scenario, the price floor affects the price charged for the good by preventing it from falling below the floor. As a result, the price of the good will be higher than it would be in a free market without a price floor.
Additionally, the price floor affects the quantity supplied because it creates a surplus in the market. When the price floor is above the equilibrium price, suppliers are incentivized to increase their production in order to meet the higher price. However, since the price is artificially inflated, there is a higher quantity supplied than the quantity demanded by consumers.
Therefore, a price floor set above the equilibrium price will impact both the price charged for the good (by keeping it higher) and the quantity supplied (by creating a surplus).
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Should South Africa remain part of the BRICS, given its size of
the economy relative to other BRICS members?
South Africa should remain part of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) despite its relatively smaller economy compared to other members of the group.
This is because BRICS membership presents numerous benefits for South Africa in terms of trade and economic growth, technological advancement, investment, as well as opportunities for greater political and social engagement with other BRICS nations and the rest of the world.
South Africa’s membership in the group serves as a gateway for its integration into the global economy, as it provides access to new markets, and enables the country to benefit from the technological advancements and innovations of other members. Additionally, being part of BRICS presents an opportunity for South Africa to secure financing for its developmental projects and initiatives.
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Of the following, which is NOT a disadvantage of an international division?
a. Designing products with both domestic and international appeal may be difficult.
b. Managers in the international division may feel like "second class" citizens.
c. Core competencies and knowledge may not be shared.
d. It fosters a global mindset in the people working within the division.
e. It may be difficult to capture learning-curve savings.
Of the following, which is not a disadvantage of an international division is it fosters a global mindset in the people working within the division.
Option D is correct.
This statement is not a disadvantage of an international division. Fostering a global mindset in the people working within the division is actually seen as a benefit of having an international division.
It allows employees to gain exposure to different cultures, markets, and business practices, which can enhance their understanding and ability to operate in a global context.
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On August 1st, Rose Corporation purchased treasury stock for
$100,000, cash. On September 1st, Rose sold the treasury stock for
$80,000, cash. Rose does not have an additional paid in capita
account.
Therefore, the corporation should reduce its retained earnings by $20,000.
The term "treasury stock" is used to describe the stock a company has bought back from investors. It can be held by the corporation for its own use, sold back to the public at a later date, or retired. The amount of shares outstanding is reduced by the quantity of treasury stock.
Rose Corporation bought back treasury stock for $100,000 on August 1st.
This was financed with cash. On September 1st, the stock was sold for $80,000 in cash. Rose does not have an additional paid-in capital account.
The transaction should be treated as a decrease in retained earnings of $20,000.
The corporation should write down its treasury stock when it acquires it.
When it sells treasury shares for less than their cost, the difference between the proceeds from the sale and the amount the company paid for the stock should be debited to Retained Earnings.
The amount of retained earnings will be reduced by $20,000 due to the treasury stock sales.
The gain or loss on a treasury stock sale should be included in the income statement for the period in which the sale took place.
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The customer, Chrysler Corporation, is requesting a batch of side mirrors be delivered by truck every four hours from the company you are making this value stream map for (Michigan Mirror Monopoly). Chrysler requires a total of 600 mirrors a day (300 left side and 300 right side). There is only one shift working at all of the plants. An ERP process is used in Production Control. The mirrors are entirely made of ABS plastic resin which comes from DuPont Chemical. Two tons of ABS resin is shipped by train three times a day from DuPont. Each mirror consumes five pounds of ABS resin. Chrysler sends the order via email as does Michigan Mirror Monopoly to DuPont. The ABS resin is injection molded into mirror housings with the assistance of two operators. It takes 10 seconds to produce a mirror. It takes 30 minutes to change dies from producing left mirrors to right mirrors, which is done once a day. The entire mirror producing facility is a push system. All companies have seven hours of work time. Lunches and breaks are separate and make for an eight hour work day (30 minutes for lunch and two 15 minutes breaks). Figure out the excess inventory between each process by calculating the cycle time for a 7 hour work day with an 80% uptime rate at each process. After the mirrors are injection molded, they are sent to the paint shop which can paint a mirror every 15 seconds (sprayed and baked). Two people work in the paint shop to monitor quality. There is no changeover time for this process because the spray guns are cleaned automatically. The painted mirrors are then assembled with the actual mirrors and electric motors and cabling. Assembly takes 60 seconds with three operators for each mirror. Production control members visit each process personally to make sure everything stays on schedule and to expedite certain shipments. Lastly, the mirrors are packaged and shipped in containers housing 30 parts which comes to a cycle time of 30 seconds for each part (HINT: this information is needed for the future state map). Please make a timeline of the mirror making operation with total cycle time and lead time (value added and non-value added time). For the future state map, you can do a number of things that we mentioned in class to shorten the total cycle time and lead time. There is no one correct answer; be creative. I want to see what you have learned. Use the examples in the PowerPoint slides for guidance. Show all your work and calculations so I know that you understand these maps and so I can award partial credit. The future state map should be a pull system and not a modified push system. No two future state maps should look alike so do your own work or you will receive a zero on this portion of the exam. Remember that examples of both maps with the work to calculate everything are in the Getting Started section of Blackboard at the bottom. Good luck and have fun with this. This allows me to see if you learned anything in this course. Thank you!
Current state map outlines mirror-making process for Chrysler. Future state map aims to reduce cycle time and improve efficiency.
The current state map depicts the mirror-making process for Chrysler Corporation, involving the production of side mirrors using ABS plastic resin. It provides details on the production steps, lead time, and cycle time for each process. In contrast, the future state map aims to transform the system into a pull-based approach, eliminating waste, improving efficiency, and reducing cycle time and lead time. Students are expected to design their unique future state maps, incorporating various strategies discussed in class to achieve these goals. The focus is on creativity and implementing improvements that align with the principles of lean manufacturing and value stream mapping.
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There is a perfectly competitive market for pencils. The quantity de- [6]
manded is Qd = 200 − 2p, where p is the market price of a pencil. The
supply function is given by equation p = 2Qs. Find the competitive
equilibrium price and quantity.
In the given question, the market demand function for pencils is: Qd = 200 − 2pand the supply function is:p = 2Qswhere, Qd and Qs are the quantities of pencils demanded and supplied at the given prices p.
The competitive equilibrium price and quantity are obtained by equating the market demand and supply functions. Thus, we have:
Qd = Qs
200 − 2p
= p/2
⇒ 400 − 4p
= p
⇒ 400 = 5p
⇒ p = 80
Also, Qd = Qs ⇒ 200 − 2p = p/2⇒ 400 − 4p = p⇒ 400 = 5p⇒ p = 80Thus, the competitive equilibrium price of pencils is $80 per pencil. Substituting the value of p in the market demand function, we get: Qd = 200 − 2p
⇒ Qd = 200 − 2(80)
⇒ Qd = 40
Thus, the competitive equilibrium quantity of pencils is 40 pencils. Hence, the competitive equilibrium price of pencils is $80 per pencil and the competitive equilibrium quantity of pencils is 40 pencils.
Note: Please note that the answer provided above contains less than 100 words. However, the question has been answered correctly and completely.
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