Answer: Mitosis occurs in somatic cells; this means that it takes place in all types of cells that are not involved in the production of gametes. Prior to each mitotic division, a copy of every chromosome is created; thus, following division, a complete set of chromosomes is found in the nucleus of each new cell. Indeed, apart from random mutations, each successive duplicate cell will have the same genetic composition as its parent, due to the inheritance of the same chromosome set and similar biological environment. This works well for replacing damaged tissue or for growth and expansion from an embryonic state.
Because the genes contained in the duplicate chromosomes are transferred to each successive cellular generation, all mitotic progeny are genetically similar. However, there are exceptions. For example, there are genetic variations that arise in clonal species, such as bacteria, due to spontaneous mutations during mitotic division. Furthermore, chromosomes are sometimes replicated multiple times without any accompanying cell division. This occurs in the cells of Drosophila larvae salivary glands, for example, where there is a high metabolic demand. The chromosomes there are called polytene chromosomes, and they are extremely large compared to chromosomes in other Drosophila cells. These chromosomes replicate by undergoing the initial phases of mitosis without any cytokinesis (Figure 2). Therefore, the same cell contains thick arrangements of duplicate chromosomes side by side, which look like strands of very thick rope. Scientists believe that these chromosomes are hyper-replicated to allow for the rapid and copious production of certain proteins that help larval growth and metamorphosis (Gilbert, 2008).
Gene Transmission in Meiosis
Three photomicrographs show polytene chromosomes. The chromosomes look like horizontal tubes composed of white, grey, and black bands against a black background. They look like thick, striated lengths of rope.
Figure 2: Examples of polytene chromosomes
Pairing of homologous chromatids results in hundreds to thousands of individual chromatid copies aligned tightly in parallel to produce giant, "polytene" chromosomes.
© 2007 Nature Publishing Group Novikov, D. et al. High-pressure treatment of polytene chromosomes improves structural resolution. Nature Methods 4, 483 (2007). All rights reserved. View Terms of Use
Although he did not know it, Walther Flemming actually observed spermatozoa undergoing meiosis in 1882, but he mistook this process for mitosis. Nonetheless, Flemming did notice that, unlike during regular cell division, chromosomes occurred in pairs during spermatozoan development. This observation, followed in 1902 by Sutton's meticulous measurement of chromosomes in grasshopper sperm cell development, provided definitive clues that cell division in gametes was not just regular mitosis. Sutton demonstrated that the number of chromosomes was reduced in spermatozoan cell division, a process referred to as reductive division. As a result of this process, each gamete that Sutton observed had one-half the genetic information of the original cell. A few years later, researchers J. B. Farmer and J. E. S. Moore reported that this process—otherwise known as meiosis—is the fundamental means by which animals and plants produce gametes (Farmer & Moore, 1905).
The greatest impact of Sutton's work has far more to do with providing evidence for Mendel's principle of independent assortment than anything else. Specifically, Sutton saw that the position of each chromosome at the midline during metaphase was random, and that there was never a consistent maternal or paternal side of the cell division. Therefore, each chromosome was independent of the other. Thus, when the parent cell separated into gametes, the set of chromosomes in each daughter cell could contain a mixture of the parental traits, but not necessarily the same mixture as in other daughter cells.
To illustrate this concept, consider the variety derived from just three hypothetical chromosome pairs, as shown in the following example (Hirsch, 1963). Each pair consists of two homologues: one maternal and one paternal. Here, capital letters represent the maternal chromosome, and lowercase letters represent the paternal chromosome:
Pair 1: A and a
Pair 2: B and b
Pair 3: C and c
When these chromosome pairs are reshuffled through independent assortment, they can produce eight possible combinations in the resulting gametes:
A B C
A B c
A b c
A b C
a B C
a B c
a b C
a b c
Hope This Helps!!!
Select the correct answer.
How does the writer develop the claim in paragraph 2?
A. By using data to compare the salaries of a college graduate to someone with high school degree
B. By listing the top paying professions college student should pursue
C. By using data to show the rising number of jobs that require a college degree
D. By telling a personal story about finding a job after college
Answer:
A. By using data to compare the salaries of a college graduate to someone with high school degree
Explanation:
The development of data in paragraph two is true due to the fact that, he compared salaries of people with different levels of certificates- college graduate with degree certificates with those with high school certificates. This could be seen in the example of report on those with associate degree earning approximately $53,000 as compared with high school certificate holder earning approximately $36,000
Answer:
By using data to compare the salaries of a college graduate to someone with high school degree
Explanation:
8.3 write four sentences about yourself. use i haven't and choose from the boxes
Answer:
1. done
2. I haven't traveled by bus for ages. - I haven't taken the bus in ages.
3. I haven't been to the cinema this week. - I haven't been to the cinema this week.
4. I haven't lost anything this year. - I haven't lost anything this year.
5. I haven't read a book recently. - I haven't read any book recently.
These sentences are in Present Perfect Tense . It is a time on the border between the present and the past. When we translate it into Polish, we either use the present or the past. We use Present Perfect primarily when we are talking about something that happened in an open time frame, e.g.
I've have watched three episodes of ABC this week. (watched - it happened, this week - it's not over yet, so chances are I'll watch more)
If there is no time specification, then it means that at all (in life / so far), e.g.
I have been to Spain - I've been to Spain (at all)
I haven't been to Canada - I haven't been to Canada (but I'm still alive and can still go there)
vs.
I didn't go to Canada last year - I didn't go to Canada last year (year has ended) - sentence in Past Simple
Explanation:
I need help!!!!!!!!!!!
ANSWER DELETED
Explanation:
Complete the sentence with the best relative pronoun. Every person completes the reading program gets a certificate of achievement.
Answer: Every person who completes the reading program gets a certificate of achievement.
Explanation:
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to make reference to nouns that have been mentioned previously in a sentence. Examples include: that, who, whom, whose, which, etc.
The best relative pronoun for the sentence is “who”. This is because “who” as a relative pronoun is used to describe or make reference to a person or group of persons.
Therefore the sentence is best written as:
Every person who completes the reading program gets a certificate of achievement.
STORIES OF USEFUL INVENTIONS, excerpt
By S. E. Forman
1911
THE MATCH
There never was a time when the world was without fire, but there was a time when men did not know how to kindle fire; and after they learned how to kindle one, it was a long, long time before they learned how to kindle one easily. In these days we can kindle a fire without any trouble, because we can easily get a match; but we must remember that the match is one of the most wonderful things in the world, and that it took men thousands of years to learn how to make one. Let us learn the history of this familiar little object, the match.
Fire was first given to man by nature itself. When a forest is set on fire by cinders from a neighboring volcano, or when a tree is set ablaze by a thunderbolt, we may say that nature strikes a match. In the early history of the world, nature had to kindle all the fires, for man by his own effort was unable to produce a spark. The first method, then, of getting fire for use was to light sticks of wood at a flame kindled by nature—by a volcano, perhaps, or by a stroke of lightning. These firebrands were carried to the home and used in kindling the fires there. The fire secured in this way was carefully guarded and was kept burning as long as possible. But the flame, however faithfully watched, would sometimes be extinguished. A sudden gust of wind or a sudden shower would put it out. Then a new firebrand would have to be secured, and this often meant a long journey and a deal of trouble.
In 1827, John Walker, a druggist in a small English town, tipped a splint with sulphur, chlorate of potash, and sulphid of antimony, and rubbed it on sandpaper, and it burst into flame. The druggist had discovered the first friction-chemical match, the kind we use to-day. It is called friction-chemical because it is made by mixing certain chemicals together and rubbing them. Although Walker's match did not require the bottle of acid, nevertheless it was not a good one. It could be lighted only by hard rubbing, and it sputtered and threw fire in all directions. In a few years, however, phosphorus was substituted on the tip for antimony, and the change worked wonders. The match could now be lighted with very little rubbing, and it was no longer necessary to have sandpaper upon which to rub it. It would ignite when rubbed on any dry surface, and there was no longer any sputtering. This was the phosphorus match, the match with which we are so familiar.
What was the main problem with relying on nature to start a flame?
Fire could only be collected with "sticks of wood" that were hard to find.
Fire had to be "carefully guarded," requiring someone to stay behind from hunting.
Fire had to be "carried to the home," which could be dangerous and awkward.
Fire was likely hard to find, requiring a "long journey and a deal of trouble."
Answer:
The main problem with relying on nature to start a flame was that Fire was likely hard to find, requiring a "long journey and a deal of trouble."
Explanation:
If nature started a fire, the people would have to carry that fire to the place where they lived at that time and guard it as much as they could. These journeys were sometimes long and dangerous and it was not a reliable way of procuring fire.
anyone got question cove
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
Answer:
yeah
Explanation:
As explained in “future of space Exploration could see humans on Mars, alien planets, “who is Mae Jemison?
The head of the 100-year StarShip project
An astronaut training to travel in the first expedition to Mars
A fundraiser to obtain money to fund NASA’s program
A scientist working on new technologies for exploring the moon
Answer:
The correct answer is The head of the 100-year StarShip project.
Explanation:
The article written by By Nola Taylor Redd, the head of this project is Dr. Mae Jeminson. Let's see the following quote where she explicitly says it:
"As a result, the project, which Jemison heads, seeks to increase public enthusiasm for space as well. The 100-Year Starship program not only includes engineers and astrophysicists, but also artists and science fiction writers."
Given this information, we can say that the correct option is: The head of the 100-year StarShip project.
Brainliest to whoever can answer this!
When writers check essays for punctuation mistakes, which part of the writing process are they engaged in?
Answer:
editing
hope this helps!
can i get brainliest?
Explanation:
1
Distinguish between the following terms that relate to conflict:
a. Conflict avoidance
b. Conflict confrontation
C. Conflict resolution
Conflict can be described as serious disagreement and argument between two opposing parties about something important.
What is Conflict avoidance
Conflict avoidance is a term used to describe the measures put in place by a person to properly manage or mitigate conflict when directly confronted with an issue . The measures may include;
Changing the subject Discontinuing a discussion until laterAvoiding subjects that may lead to conflict. What is Conflict confrontationConflict Confrontation describes the act of wherein conflicting parties directly or indirectly engage one another in the course of a dispute between them.
The scale of a confrontation may vary depending on the enormity of the issue at hand. These may involve just individuals, countries, nation or even culture.
What is Conflict ResolutionConflict resolution refers to the measure taken to effectively bring conflict to an end and facilitate peace between two conflicting parties.
Method of Conflict ResolutionNegotiationMediationArbitrationLitigationLearn more about conflicts at https://brainly.com/question/24769299
Explain how Black Beauty's decision not to cross the bridge changes the story. Use at least two details from the story in your answer. Remember to restate and provide a summary sentence.
Answer:
By refusing to cross the bridge, Black Beauty saves the lives of John and Squire Gordon and this changes the course of history.
Explanation:
John and Squire Gordon choose Black Beauty as the horse that will take them on a very long trip on a rainy day. The storm, during the trip gets stronger and stronger, but Black is a very strong horse, committed and fearless and does not fear the rain. However, at one point, Black refuses to cross a bridge, John and Squire Gordon are indignant and give the horse several lashes, which remain firm in their refusal to cross the fountain. This is an important moment in history, which shows how Black is loyal and intelligent, because the river water, influenced by the storm, overcame the source and is drowning all the men and horses that they tried to cross. Black saved the life of John and Squire Gordon,
Can i get a speech on games and sports are a part of education
Answer:
Sports and games teach discipline in a palatable way even as children participate in activities they enjoy. Discipline is necessary to learn skills and maximise performance. Children learn that if they develop the discipline to improve and excel, performance rewards follow. Real self-esteem and confidence.
What were Nick's thoughts
on the American dream? What were Gatsby's thoughts on the American dream, based on Nick's
perspective? What do Tom and Daisy represent within the idea of the American dream? Based on your
opinion, which character's ideal beliefs of the American dream do you lean towards and why?
Answer:
Nick felt his American Dream was useless, because he couldn't stand living with a lot of phonies who didn't care about the others and even their lives. In the book, he said, "I couldn't forgive him or like him, but I saw that what he had done was, to him, entirely justified. It was all very careless and confused. money is one of the majors themes in the book. He represents new money while Daisy and Tom represent old money. The distinguishing between east and west egg is the best way that Fitzgerald describes the difference in wealth. The American Dream is the hope that anyone can earn success if they work hard enough. Gatsby's love for Daisy led him to achieve extravagant wealth. In the sense of rising up social rank and obtaining financial success, Gatsby achieved the American Dream.
Explanation:
Read the details from a Sioux Indian legend.
A little girl owned a pet rabbit, which she loved dearly. She carried it on her back like a babe, made for it a little pair of moccasins, and at night shared with it her own robe.
Answer:
The details show how a character treats nature, revealing the theme "we must take care of the
things we love."
Explanation:
Here ya go mate
Answer:
D. The details show how a character treats nature, revealing the theme "we must take care of the things we love."
Explanation:
PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE HELP!
Read the following discussion:
JOHN:
I loved Animal Farm. I thought it was a really great
critique of the way patriotism blinds people to the
abuses committed in their names by their leaders. They
think they are doing their patriotic duty, but they are
being taken advantage of.
KARLIN:
I didn't get that at all. I thought it was making a very
specific point about the Cold War.
LASHON:
I think it's speaking more generally about the way
people in power abuse those under them. Are you
saying, Karlin, that you don't think it's still relevant today
just because the Cold War is over?
KARLIN:
I think it can still be relevant, but its primary point is
about the Soviet Union. Look at the class structure of
the book, with the absolute power of those in charge,
and the way the animals just agree to work extra for
less food. They're naïve in the same way Orwell was
saying Soviet citizens were. Don't you think?
MARTA:
I agree that he was making that point, but I think you
have to look more broadly too. His questioning of
power structures was really radical. You can even apply
his ideas to our own society, with the way people vote
against their own interests because their leaders
persuade them to do it. Look at your own government,
Orwell was saying. That's why the book is so powerful.
Which student is most clearly using evidence to support his or
her opinion in this discussion?
A. John
OB. Karlin
O C. Marta
D. Lashon
Answer:
B. Karlin
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Student Karlin is most clearly using evidence to support his opinion in this discussion.
What Karlin is referring to?Karlin is referring to the class structure in the book, with the absolute power of those in charge and the way the animals agree to work extra for less food, to support his argument that Orwell was specifically making a point about the Soviet Union.
In this discussion, all four students are expressing their opinions about the novel "Animal Farm" by George Orwell. However, the question asks which student is most clearly using evidence to support their opinion. Based on the conversation, it appears that Marta is the one who is most clearly using evidence to support her opinion.
Marta mentions how Orwell's questioning of power structures in the novel was radical and how it can be applied to our own society, with examples of people voting against their own interests because their leaders persuade them to do so.
Marta's argument is supported by evidence from the novel and also by real-world examples, which make her opinion more convincing. While the other students also express their opinions about the novel, they do not provide as much evidence to support their arguments as Marta does.
Learn more about opinions at:
https://brainly.com/question/30713127
#SPJ7
What similar messages do the poems identity and to a daughter leaving home" share about the role of independence in creating an identity
Answer: The messages of spirituality, Identity/self and journey
Explanation: The poem "Identity" talks about how the speaker would rather be himself, even If people see him as ugly, weird, and creepy, just like an ugly weed, than being someone "perfect" for society, and be tied to expectations just to have approval. On the other hand, in the poem "To a daughter leaving home," the speaker tells her journey as a mother from raising their daughter, to watching her find their way and part from home one day. Both poems share a message of spirituality, Identity/self and journey.
People should keep trying to reach their goals, even if they seem impossible to achieve? Why?
Answer:
Explanation:
if they are achivable yes try your hardest the harder they are to get the better it will feel once you acomplish it
SHE TOLD ME PUT MY HEART IN THE BAG AND NO BODY GETS HURT NOW I AM RUNNING FROM YOUR LOVE I AM NOT FAST SO I AM MAKING IT WORST NOW I AM DIGGING UP A GRAVE FROM MY PAST IMA WHOLE DIFFERENT PERSON ITS THE GIFTED THE CURSE BUT I CANNOT REVERSE ITTTT u not a legend if u dont know this song
CAN SOMEBODY PLS TELL ME WHAT ARE YOUR NEEDS IN DAILY LIFE
Answer:
My needs in daily life are snacks especially chocolate robots, talking with my bestie, and singing Departure >:3
Explanation:
:3
Answer:
Explanation:
What I my needs in daily life is I NEED some sort of portal to the outer world. I have to do some sort of activity outside otherwise I don't function properly. Sometimes, I just need 30 minutes alone with my phone. This helps me a lot. I also need people around me. This makes me feel wanted. Hope you appreciate the answer!
But he said if I want to get smart I got to do what he says. I told him I dint think I was going to get smart and he puts his hand on my sholder and said Charlie you dont know it yet but your getting smarter all the time. You wont notice for a while. I think he was just being nice to make me feel good because I dont look any smarter.
How does Charlie feel in this passage?
Write an article about an extreme situation that you have heard of.Talk about what may have caused the situation and what people may have or could have done to deal with it
Answer:
RAMPANT KILLING GHANA.
Generally, rampant killing in Ghana has reach beyond his nerves. Rampant killing is mostly done by grown up citizens in the country as a whole.
This mostly occur at a time where they desire to be rich quickly without any tidieous moments and work. This is where the malam ask for human blood, there comes the chance to kill his fellow human being.
Secondly, poor security system also leads to rampant killing in Ghana.
To end, government should stand on his feet and make strict rules of law so as to curb this on going and unfortunate behavior.Thus anyone who break the law will be dealt with accordingly. Less I forget, the rule of law states that the law itself is supreme and thus nobody is above the law even the president.
Mavis Obeng Tiwaa,
BECE candidate.
what two questions can you ask yourself when deciding if you need cite something you have paraphrased?
Answer:
Did I paraphrase or change the answer? Does the text still make sense?
Explanation:
Answer:
Is this general knowledge? For example, "The sun sets in the west."
Did I read about this and am now putting that new knowledge into my own words?
Explanation:
I had this question and I put this. Hope this helps and have a good day! (:
HOW DO THE ELLIPSIS SYMBOL LOOK?
Answer:
Explanation:
Ellipsis … symbol is used for a gap or break in some text, usually to drop out some irrelevant text or speech. ... The ellipsis character. A single symbol that looks like three dots close together.
It's in my own words, and i hope this helps
please urgent please help
Write a sequel in which the stranger returns to the house after some time had passed. How has he changed, having seen his childhood home earlier? How is he greeted by the family this time? Are the mother and father more or less suspicious of him and his motives?
For the story, “where is here”
- by Joyce Carol Oates.
Please help! This is due today!! It only needs to be 2 paragraphs, 3, or 4. Less than 2 pages. I give Brainliest!
Answer:ok its short so try to stretch it
Explanation:
as i foraged through the dark trees and muddy path i saw a house with a door, it was my house. As i walked through the old 90's toys my mother would buy for me i felt a nostalgic feeling run through my chest. I was back home as i walked to the door it was unlocked. maybe mom still lived here maybe she gave the house to pa or my siblings. as i walked through the door it smelled horrible inside i could see our old family pictures and all our things nice and neat i felt cozy and i felt these feelings that made me miss my child hood. i stood in horror to find a mutilated body sitting in my chair. it was my mother. as rat and other pests fed on her flesh i shooed them off as i carried the chair and dug a whole. as i placed the body on the ground i ripped the cloth from the chair and wrapped the body in it and place lots of my mothers clothing from her wardrobe inside to make it look all pretty as i placed her body in the whole i remembered all the amazing times i spent with her and everything my mother did for me
claim of fact, value, and policy about food
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
A claim of fact is a term that describes a statement about food that can be proved or disproved with valid data. For example, an egg of 100gramms has 155 calories.
A claim of value about food is a term that describes that eating specific food is good or bad. For example, eating beans is good for the body as it is a good source of protein.
A claim of policy about food is a term that describes that certain situations should exist, to solve specific problems. For example, all drug manufacturers should be registered to prevent fake drug production.
On a page of text, where would you most likely find a subheading, which is a type of title? Use your knowledge of the prefix sub- to help you answer.
Answer:
The subheading is found below the heading, at the beginning of the page.
Explanation:
The prefix "sub" means inferiority and refers to something that is below an element that is related. In this way, a subheading is related to the heading, although it is inferior in its placement and value, for this reason, it must accompany the heading, but be positioned below.
Thus, on a text page, at the beginning of the page, we can see the heading being accompanied by the subheading, which is placed in an inferior position, below the heading.
Why do some people put a space before punctuation?
Answer:
Because they not smart ^^
She is beautiful, ______?
aren´t it?
isn´t she?
doesn´t she?
Answer:
She is beautiful, __isn´t she___?
Explanation:
and ubr beautiful too , u got sn ap?
Answer:
She is beautiful, isn't she?
Step-by-step explanation:
"Isn't she?" is the only ending that would make sense in this sentence. "Aren't it?", for one thing, is referring to an it, not a she. And "doesn't she?" is for a sentence when someone is asking or confirming something about the she.
I hope this helps!
10 POINTS PLEASE I. NEED THIS ASAP. Question 3 of 10
Which phrase breaks the rule of parallel structure?
O A. Dependable
O B. Honest
C. Punctuality
D. Courageous
Answer:
D...................
What does the word "garlanded" mean in Lord of the Flies?
I am sorry if my answer is worng but :
to from a circular or spiral arrangement of intertwined material (such as flowers or leaves)