Energy needs for adolescents range from 2200 - 2500 kcal/day for girls who are not active and have not yet entered a growth spurt. Boys who are active in accelerated growth, need 2500 - 3000 kcal/day.
What are calories?Calories are the amount of energy you get from food and drink. It is also the amount of energy that the body burns through daily activities. That is, calories are energy that the body needs to be able to move and carry out its functions properly.
There are several nutritional components that are very important to fulfill during adolescence, starting from protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, to fiber. In addition to providing energy, calories, and nutrients, the nutritional needs of school-age children and adolescents are also needed for the formation of muscles, bones, and brain development.
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a 24-hour-old newborn has a pink papular rash with vesicles superimposed on the thorax, back, and abdomen. what action should the nurse implement?
A 24-hour-old newborn has a pink papular rash with vesicles superimposed on the thorax, back, and abdomen therefore the action which the nurse should implement is to document the finding in the infant's record.
Who is a Nurse?This is referred as a healthcare professional who specializes in taking care of the sick and ensuring that adequate recovery is achieve in other to prevent different forms of complications.
A nurse also helps in the documentation process in the healthcare system and it is usually based on different types of observations and symptoms so as to ensure that the other professionasl such as the Doctor are able to trest them.
This is therefore the reason why documenting the finding in the infant's record is the most approrpiate thing to do in this type of scenario.
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a client's assessment and diagnostic testing are suggestive of acute pancreatitis. when the nurse is performing the health interview, what assessment questions address likely etiologic factors? select all that apply.
The assessment question that addresses likely etiologic factors are:
How many alcoholic drinks do you typically consume in a week?Have you ever been diagnosed with gallstones?Etiological factors are generally defined as the non-genetic factors that have been associated with a disease.
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas itself is an organ that produces enzymes that helps regulate the way the body processes sugar as well as help digestion.
Factors that increase the risk of pancreatitis are:
Smoking cigarette.Obesity.Diabetes.Family history of the disease.Excessive alcohol consumption.Pancreatitis can also cause serious complications, one of which is kidney failure which may lead to the occurrence of gallstones.
The question above seems to be incomplete, but most likely the completed version is as follows:
A patient's assessment and diagnostic testing are suggestive of acute pancreatitis. When the nurse is performing the health interview, what assessment questions address likely etiologic factors? Select all that apply.
A) How many alcoholic drinks do you typically consume in a week?
B) Have you ever been tested for diabetes?
C) Have you ever been diagnosed with gallstones?
D) Would you say that you eat a particularly high-fat diet?
E) Does anyone in your family have cystic fibrosis?
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a full term infant is transferred to the nursery from labor and delivery. which information is most important for the nurse to receive when planning immediate care for the newborn?
The baby's current condition (i.e., the Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes) and any therapy or resuscitation that was recommended will most likely determine whether or not they need immediate care.
What kind of job are nurses expected to do?Registered nurses (RNs) oversee and carry out medical procedures, educate the public about different health conditions, and offer patients and their families emotional support. In a number of contexts, the majority of registered nurses work in conjunction with physicians and other healthcare professionals.
Can a nurse carry out the job?They are responsible for a number of post-operative surgical therapeutic duties. Many surgical nursing professionals choose to focus on that particular area whether it comes to obstetrics, pediatric surgery, or cardiac surgery.
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a client asks the nurse if a cervical cap is better than a diaphragm for contraception. what should the nurse explain is the advantage of a cervical cap?
The cervical cap can be left in place longer since it is smaller than the diaphragm. The diaphragm can be utilised for 30 hours and the cervical cap for up to 72 hours.
What distinguishes a diaphragm from a cervical cap?Because both a diaphragm and a cervical cap function to protect your cervix and prevent pregnancy, it can be challenging to distinguish between them.
Cervical caps, however, differ from diaphragms in size and form. Cervical caps resemble a sailor's hat, whereas diaphragms have a bowl-like form.
A little plastic dome known as the cervical cap fits snugly over the cervix and is held in place by suction.
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Which of the following assessment findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a child who experienced a seizure?
Neck stiffness
The correct answer is Neck Stiffness.
A child who has missed getting some vaccines and has a febrile seizure could have a higher risk for meningitis. Get medical care right away if your child has any signs of meningitis, such as a stiff neck.
What is Meningitis?
Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are called meninges.
The inflammation from meningitis typically triggers symptoms such as headache, fever, and a stiff neck.
Most cases of meningitis in the United States are caused by a viral infection. But bacteria, parasites, and fungi also can cause it. Some cases of meningitis improve without treatment in a few weeks. Others can cause death and require emergency antibiotic treatment.
Seek immediate medical care if you suspect that you or someone in your family has meningitis. Early treatment of bacterial meningitis can prevent serious complications.
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when administering ferrous sulfate to a patient, the nurse plans to give this medication with what fluid to increase absorption of the iron?
The absorption of iron can be enhanced when it is given with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is present in orange juice.
What is the purpose of ferrous sulfate?As treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia, a drug called ferrous sulfate—sometimes written sulphate—is taken is administered.The body uses iron to strengthen its red blood cells, that carry oxygen throughout the body.Your iron supply may become too low as a result of blood loss, pregnancy, and consuming insufficient amounts of iron.
What negative impacts does ferrous sulfate have?The stomach discomfort that some people feel, which can vary from heartburn to nausea and vomiting, can be avoided or at least lessened by taking ferrous sulfate with food.Also common are black or green stools or constipation.
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1. which procedure would require a patient to wear a provisional prosthesis for a longer period of time than is typical?
The procedure would require a patient to wear a provisional prosthesis for a longer period of time than is typical implant or periodontal therapy.
What is periodontal therapy?For the treatment of gum related disease the periodontal therapy is a conservative(non-surgical) type treatment.
It generally takes 2-4 weeks to cure after periodontal therapy.Removal of tartar and scaling is done during the periodontal therapy.Prosthesis:To replace the missing body part a device is invented i.e. known as prosthesis.
Implant:By the means of surgery fitting or fixing some tissue or artificial body part in the human body is termed as Implant.
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a middle-aged man has presented for care to a nurse practitioner because his seasonal allergies are detracting from his quality of life. what should the nurse teach this patient about allergic rhinitis?
Regarding allergic rhinitis the nurse must tell him that Immunotherapy may have the potential to provide long-term relief from symptoms.
What is allergic rhinitis ?An allergic reaction to an allergen, such as pollen, dust, or specific animals, is what causes allergic rhinitis.
Rhinitis frequently subsides on its own. For many people, it goes away on its own within a few days. In some people, particularly those who have allergies, rhinitis can be a persistent issue. When something is chronic, it nearly always exists or recurs frequently.
The percutaneous skin test and the allergy-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody test are the two most often used diagnostic procedures for allergic rhinitis.
Although there is no known treatment for allergic rhinitis, the symptoms can be alleviated with the help of antihistamines and nasal sprays. Immunotherapy is a treatment approach that has the potential to bring about long-term alleviation.
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the nurse reviews the record of a child who is suspected of having glomerulonephritis and expects to note which finding that is associated with this diagnosis?
the nurse reviews the record of a child who is suspected of having glomerulonephritis and expects to note Brown-colored urine that is associated with this diagnosis.
Glomerulonephritis is a term used to describe a category of kidney diseases that are characterized by inflammatory injury to the glomerulus. A typical sign of glomerulonephritis is gross hematuria, which produces urine that is black, smoky, cola-colored, or brown-colored urine . Additionally typical is hypertension. Possible elevation of blood urea nitrogen levels. Glomerulonephritis is characterized by a mildly to severely increased urine specific gravity. Urine can turn dark brown as a result of various liver, kidney, and uti infections. Excessive exercise. Extreme exercise-induced muscle damage can lead to kidney impairment, pink or cola-colored urine or brown-colored urine, and muscle injury.
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. a patient who is diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder is isolative, does not speak to her peers, and sits through the community meeting without speaking. her mother describes her as shy and having few friends. which would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?
Impaired social interaction related to unfamiliar environment as evidenced by isolation and not talking with peers
People with schizoid personality disorder, avoid social situations and avoid interacting with others. Additionally, their capacity for expressing emotion is constrained.
Symptoms include preferring solitude and preferring to engage in activities alone; avoiding close relationships; feeling little to no desire for sexual relationships; feeling as though pleasure is beyond your reach; having trouble expressing emotions and appropriately responding to situations; and appearing humorless, indifferent, or emotionally cold to others. May come out as unmotivated and without ambitions. Doesn't respond to compliments or criticism from others
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which recommendation will the nurse include when teaching an older patient about self-management during bathing
Use deodorant soap, and then completely rinse the soap off the skin. every other day, take a full bath. Before taking a bath, add oil to the water.
Wet the skin of the patient before applying a tiny amount of soap gently. Make sure the patient is comfortable with the warmth and that you are not rubbing too vigorously. Make care to thoroughly rinse off the soap before patting the area dry, being sure to get into the skin folds and crevices.
What do you consider to be the guiding principles of wound care?
This include managing and preventing infection, cleaning the wound, removing dead tissue, preserving moisture balance, reducing odour, safeguarding the wound and surrounding area, and reducing or eliminating discomfort.
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the nursing education coordinator is creating employee orientation materials for staff nurses who plan to work at a clinic that serves a lower socioeconomic neighborhood. what information should the educator include regarding the clinic's client population? (select all that apply.)
Information the educator include regarding the clinic's client population are
(a) Basic physiologic needs of this population are often unmet
(b) Clients who are homebound will qualify for Medicaid
(c) Nonadherence to healthcare recommendations is likely
What is nurse responsibility ?In order to maximise patients' comfort and families' comprehension and adaptation, nurses are responsible for identifying patients' symptoms, taking actions to administer medications within the bounds of their scope of practice, offering other measures for symptom relief.
Nurses tend to patients' injuries, administer medications, perform diagnostic tests, operate medical equipment, draw blood, perform frequent physical examinations, record thorough medical histories, monitor blood pressure and heart rate, and admit and discharge patients in accordance with doctor's orders.
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quizlet cpco which one of the following federal regulations is not pertinent to billing companies? a. safe harbor rules b. patient protection and affordable care act c. health insurance portability and accountability act d. false claims act
The "safe harbor" regulations describe various payment and business practices that, while potentially infringing on the Federal anti-kickback statute, are not considered offenses under the statute.
The Code of Federal Rules (CFR) is the codification of general and permanent regulations made by the executive departments and agencies of the United States federal government. The CFR is organized into 50 titles that reflect large sectors regulated by the federal government.
The Office of the Federal Register (part of the National Archives and Records Administration) and the Government Publishing Office publish the CFR annual edition as a special issue of the Federal Register.
The CFR is also published online on the Electronic CFR (eCFR) website, which is updated daily, in addition to the annual edition.
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during the eye assessment, a nurse performs part of the neurologic examination for which cranial nerve?
In the neurological examination the overall eye assessment is done in Cranial nerves II, Cranial nerves III, Cranial nerves IV, Cranial nerves VI
The optic nerve II is the sensory nerve that controls vision, or cranial nerve II.
Cranial Nerve III: The oculomotor nerve has two distinct motor functions: pupil response lets you regulate how big your pupil is when it reacts to light, and muscle function controls six muscles around your eyes.
Cranial nerve VI: The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle connected to eye movement that is controlled by the abducens nerve. This muscle controls how the eyes travel outward.
Cranial Nerve VI: Your superior oblique muscle is under the trochlear nerve's control. This muscle controls the downward, outward, and inward motions of the eyes.
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an adolescent describes a dysfunctional home life to the nurse and reports smoking marijuana to help cope with the situation. how will the nurse identify this form of coping?
The nurse will identify the form of coping as maladaptive.
Maladaptive is a form of coping strategy. It's the behaviors that stop someone from adapting to new or difficult circumstances. If it goes on, it can become a self-destructive pattern.
Some examples of maladaptive behaviors include:
Avoidance, where the person is avoiding unpleasantness.Withdrawing from social interaction.Passive-aggressive attitude.Self-harm.Uncontrolled anger problems.Substance use.In the case above, the adolescent seems to do the avoidance behavior, where they avoid the unpleasant and stressful situation of a dysfunctional home life using marijuana.
Maladaptive behavior can be treated with several ways, such as meditation, therapies, counseling, and relaxation techniques.
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a health care provider prescribed fluticasone for a client with a severe case of allergic rhinitis. the client took a first dose on february 2. what is the latest date by which the drug will be fully effective?
Fluticasone was prescribed by a doctor for a patient who had a severe case of allergic rhinitis. The patient took their first dose on February 2, and the medication won't start working its full effect until at least February 15.
What is allergic rhinitis and what is the cure of it?An allergen, including such pollen, dust, mold, and skin flakes from specific animals, causes allergic rhinitis, an inflammation of the interior of the nose. It is a relatively prevalent illness, affecting an estimated one in five persons in the UK.
Other sorts of drugs may also be suggested by your doctor for therapy. A surgical cure for allergic rhinitis does not exist. However, there may be surgical alternatives to assist in enhancing nasal airflow.
How do I stop allergic rhinitis and what are the triggers of rhinitis?Antihistamines & nasal sprays can help with the symptoms of allergic rhinitis despite the lack of known cure. One method of treatment with the potential to provide long-term relief is immunotherapy. By taking certain precautions, allergens can be avoided.
Rhinitis is a reaction that affects the eyes, nose, & throat that results from the body's release of histamine in response to airborne allergens. Some of the most frequent causes of rhinitis include pollen, dust mites, mold, cockroaches feces, animal dander, odors and odours, hormonal changes, and smoke.
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most studies of health care systems have determined that health care spending is not correlated with which factor?
a nurse is applying a vaginal cream to a client with a fungal infection. which guideline is recommended for this application?
This may cause the medicine to not work as well. Do not use latex (rubber) contraceptive products such as condoms, diaphragms, or cervical caps for 72 hours after stopping treatment with vaginal clindamycin cream. The cream contains oils that weaken or harm the latex products, causing them to not work properly to prevent pregnancy.
A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge and intense itchiness of the vagina and the vulva — the tissues at the vaginal opening.
Also called vaginal candidiasis, vaginal yeast infection affects up to 3 out of 4 women at some point in their lifetimes. Many women experience at least two episodes.
A vaginal yeast infection isn't considered a sexually transmitted infection. But there's an increased risk of vaginal yeast infection at the time of first regular sexual activity. There's also some evidence that infections may be linked to mouth to genital contact (oral-genital sex).
Medications can effectively treat vaginal yeast infections. If you have recurrent yeast infections — four or more within a year — you may need a longer treatment course and a maintenance plan.
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the nurse screening for diabetes mellitus at a health fair obtains these results. which client should be referred to a primary health care provider for further evaluation?
Clients with significant levels of anxiety, COPD who take steroids, and newly discovered limb fractures should be referred to a primary healthcare practitioner for additional assessment.
What exactly is diabetic mellitus screening?Regardless of risk factors, the American Diabetes Association48 suggests that all persons 45 years of age and older undergo routine screening for prediabetes and diabetes utilizing a fasting plasma glucose level, 2-hour plasma glucose level during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, or HbA1c level.
What test is advised for detecting type 2 diabetes mellitus?Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) testing is typically used to identify type 2 diabetes. The results of this blood test show your average blood sugar level over the previous two to three months.
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the registered nurse is teaching the student nurse about writing nursing interventions. ' which intervention written by the student nurse indicates effective learning?
By concentrating on statistical and numerical data, quantitative nursing research (QNS) focuses with exact measurement and qualification. It also works with statistical data analysis to eliminate bias from results.
What do the terms quantitative and qualitative nursing research mean?
In general, quantitative research tests hypotheses to understand the causal or correlational link between variables, whereas qualitative research uses interviews and observation to understand a phenomenon in its real-world setting.
Which study design is most effective for nursing?
qualitative research methods
The nurse researcher must choose the qualitative research strategy that will best address the research issue, much like with quantitative research. Phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory are the three methodologies most frequently employed in qualitative nursing research.
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By concentrating on statistical and numerical data, quantitative nursing research (QNS) focuses with exact measurement and qualification. It also works with statistical data analysis to eliminate bias from results.
What do the terms quantitative and qualitative nursing research mean?
In general, quantitative research tests hypotheses to understand the causal or correlational link between variables, whereas qualitative research uses interviews and observation to understand a phenomenon in its real-world setting.
Which study design is most effective for nursing?
qualitative research methods
The nurse researcher must choose the qualitative research strategy that will best address the research issue, much like with quantitative research. Phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory are the three methodologies most frequently employed in qualitative nursing research.
which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance? multiple choice an 89-year-old man who spends most of his day in a wheelchair or bed. a 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for six months. a 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight. a 25-year-old woman who is in her 6th month of pregnancy.
The persons who is in a state of positive energy balance is a 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for six months.
Energy balance is outlined because the state achieved once the energy intake equals energy expenditure. this idea could also be wont to demonstrate however bodyweight can modification over time in response to changes in energy intake and expenditure. once the body is in energy balance, bodyweight is stable.
When a person is in energy balance , energy intake equals energy expenditure, and weight ought to stay stable. Positive energy balance happens once energy intake is larger than energy expenditure, sometimes leading to weight gain.
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the nurse is preparing to give an enema to a laboring client. which client would require the most caution when carrying out this procedure?
The client that requires the most caution is ; A 40-week primigravida who is at 6 cm cervical dilatation and the presenting part is not engaged.
What is the reason behind it ?The reason is : The presenting portion floats out of the pelvis when it is ballotable. In such a case, the chord may descend prior to the fetus, leading to a prolapsed cord, an emergency circumstance.
What is enema ?Enemas are fluid injections used to clear your bowels or to encourage it to empty. Constipation and other comparable conditions have been treated with this treatment for many years. Stool movement is slowed down by constipation, a serious ailment. Additionally, it makes stools hard and challenging to pass.
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a client is admitted with the diagnosis of total placenta previa. which finding is most important for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider immediately?
After 20 weeks, painless vaginal bleeding is the most significant sign of placenta previa.
During the pitocin infusion, which side effect should the nurse keep an eye out for?The medicine should be administered with consideration for the potential for increased blood loss and afibrinogenemia. A 24-hour period of gradual oxytocin infusion has been linked to severe water intoxication, convulsions, and coma.
During the fourth stage of labor, which nursing intervention is most important?Identification and prevention of hemorrhage during the fourth stage of childbirth are top nursing priorities. 24. The nurse tending to a patient who is unsure of whether she is actually in labor will try to promote cervical effacement and intensify contractions in the patient by: a.
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why might it be a bad idea to say that the risk of death associated with an effective treatment for disorder x quadruples if a patient also has disorder y?
The patient features, acute complications, comorbidities, or medications were among the risk factors for death that were investigated.
What causes the death rate to rise?Between 1990 and 2017, and over 1.3 million deaths among people of working age (25 to 64 years) were caused by drugs and alcohol combined, or around 8% of all deaths.These drug-related fatalities were a significant factor in the rise in having to work mortality, and they're now occurring today.
What does epidemiology mean by a risk factor?anything that raises the risk of contracting an illness.Aged, a family history of specific cancers, cigarette use, radiation exposure, chemical exposure, infection with specific viruses and bacteria, and genetic alterations are a few kinds for risk factors for cancer.
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What is the osmolarity of the fluid in the interstitial space of the renal medulla? is it the same throughout that space?.
The sodium that is pumped from the ascending tubule to the interstitial space creates an osmotic pressure in the interstitial space of 300–500 mOsm/l.
Is the inner or outer medulla where the interstitial fluid has the maximum osmolarity?
The interstitial fluid's osmolarity is significantly greater in the kidney's medulla and may gradually rise to between 1200 and 1400 mOsm/L in the pelvic tip of the medulla. This indicates that a significant amount of water-soluble solutes have accumulated in the renal medullary interstitium.
Why is the medulla more osmolar?
Additionally, urea pumps installed in collecting ducts actively pump urea into the interstitial regions.
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the type of stress that results from stressful situations that persist over time and produce negative health outcomes is called
Phase of exhaustion. Long-term or persistent stress is what led to this stage. Long-term stress management can exhaust your body's ability to combat stress by depleting its physical, emotional, and mental resources.
Stress is harmful when it interferes with our ability to function, wears down bodily systems, and results in behavioural or medical issues. Distress is the name for this negative tension. Stress causes reactivity, fuzziness, lack of focus, and performance anxiety, which typically leads to subpar performance.
Chronic stress is described as stress that lasts for several hours each day for weeks or months. Short-term stress is defined as tension that lasts for a period of minutes to hours.
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an older adult admitted to a long-term care facility is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. the client takes glipizide and isosorbide mononitrate. the medical history states that the client drank 8 ounces (240 ml) of whiskey per day for many years. which action should be a priority for the admitting nurse?
Assess for hypoglycemia and hypotension.
What is hypoglycemia?
Hypoglycemia is a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than normal. Malnutrition and famine can cause hypoglycemia because when you don't eat enough, your body uses up the glycogen stores it requires to produce glucose. One condition that can result in hypoglycemia and long-term malnutrition is an eating disorder termed anorexia nervosa. Lip tingling is one of the signs of hypoglycemia. feeling unsteady or shaking palpitations, an accelerated or hammering heartbeat, and an increase in irritability, emotion, anxiety, or moodiness. Although hypoglycemia may be prevented, it is a very serious condition. In the event of severe hypoglycemia, prompt action is required. If not, it might result in death.
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A two-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department because of vomiting. About 30 minutes prior, he was found by his parents with an open bottle containing ferrous fumarate tablets. The mother estimates about five tablets are missing, and each tablet contains 65 mg of elemental iron. The boy had three episodes of non-bloody vomiting. The physical examination is essentially normal except for tachycardia. Which of the following is the next best step?
get serum iron level four hours after ingestion
The patient has symptoms and a history compatible with iron toxicity. The severity of an exposure is related to the amount of elemental iron ingested. Ferrous sulfate contains 20 percent elemental iron, ferrous gluconate has 12 percent, and ferrous fumarate contains 33 percent. Iron is directly corrosive to the GI mucosa, which can lead to hematemesis, melena, ulceration, infarction, and potential perforation. For significant ingestions (> 20 mg/kg of elemental iron), especially when tablets are identified on the abdominal radiograph, whole-bowel irrigation with a polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) is routinely recommended. Iron toxicity is described in four stages. The initial stage, 30 minutes to six hours after ingestion consists of profuse vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain, and significant volume losses, leading to potential hypovolemic shock. The second stage, six to 24 hours after ingestion, is the quiescent phase where GI symptoms typically resolve. In the third stage, occurring 12 to 24 hours after ingestion, patients develop multi-system organ failure, shock, hepatic and cardiac dysfunction, acute lung injury, and profound metabolic acidosis. Symptomatic patients and patients with a large exposure by history should have serum iron levels drawn four to six hours after ingestion. Serum iron concentrations of < 500 µg/dL four to eight hours after ingestion suggest a low risk of significant toxicity, whereas concentrations of > 500 µg/dL indicate significant toxicity.
Obtaining a serum iron level 4 hours after consumption would be the best course of action.
The GI mucosa is immediately corroded by iron, which can result in hematemesis, melena, blistering, infarction, & possible perforation. The quantity of elemental iron consumed affects how severe the exposure is. 20 percent of the elemental iron is present in ferrous sulfate, 12 percent is present in ferrous gluconate, and 33 percent is present in ferrous fumarate.
Serum iron levels should be measured 4 to 6 hours after intake in individuals who are symptomatic or who have had significant exposure in the past. From 4 to 8 hours after administration, serum iron levels of less than 500 g/dL indicated a low risk of substantial toxicity, but values of more than 500 g/dL signify serious toxicity.
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during a shift, a new nurse spent five hours of her time observing procedures, three hours working in oncology department, and four hours doing paperwork. during the next shift, she spent four hours observing procedures, six hours in the oncology department, and two hours doing paperwork. what was the percent change for each task between the two shifts?
The assertion claims that during an shift, a nurse practitioner spent 50% of her time on paperwork, 100% of her time on oncology.
What does a nurse do?From birth till the end of life, caregivers are present in every community, big and small. Nurses do a variety of duties, from providing direct patient care and managing cases to setting nursing practice standards, creating quality control procedures, and managing intricate nursing care systems.
Briefing:Observation period: 5 to 4 hours
= 1 hrs.
=1/5 x 100 = 20%
Oncology hours: 3 hrs - 6 hrs
=3 hrs.
= 3/3 x 100 = 100%
Paperwork hours: 4 hrs - 2 hrs
= 2 hrs.
= 2/4 x 100 = 50%
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a client with chest pain, dizziness, and vomiting for the last 2 hours is admitted for evaluation for acute coronary syndrome (acs). which cardiac biomarker should the registered nurse (rn) anticipate to be elevated if the client experienced myocardial damage?
serum troponin is the most sensitive and specific test for myocardial damage.
In muscle tissue, troponin is located in the groove between actin filaments and is connected to the protein tropomyosin. Tropomyosin obstructs the myosin cross bridge's attachment site in a relaxed muscle, limiting contraction. An action potential causes calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic membrane to open, releasing calcium into the sarcoplasm and causing the muscle cell to contract. A portion of this calcium binds to troponin, changing its shape and revealing myosin binding sites (active sites) on the actin filaments. When myosin binds to actin, a crossbridge forms, signaling the start of muscle contraction.
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