Three antimicrobial compounds produced by the Bacillus sp. strain Csat isolated from pozol were identified by using the high-performance liquid chromatography and the mass spectrometry.
The three compounds were iturin, bacilysin, and chlorotetaine. Production of these compounds by CS93 could account for the medicinal properties
attributed to the pozol.
Antifungal drugs work to treat fungal infections. It can kill the fungus directly or it can prevent the growth and reproduction of the fungus.
Antifungals are available over-the-counter or by prescription and come in a variety of forms, including: creams and lotions.
Thyme, cinnamon, oregano, clove, and mint are all some examples of these kinds of oils.
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Fermentation is a chemical reaction that takes place in the choose. And occurs when oxygen is choose. . Byproducts of fermentation may include choose. Or choose. . Fermentation yields choose. Atp than the electron transport chain.
Fermentation is a chemical reaction that takes Byproducts of fermentation may include .
fermentation, chemical system with the aid of which molecules along with glucose are broken down anaerobically. more widely, fermentation is the foaming that happens at some point of the manufacture of wine and beer, a manner at least 10,000 years antique.
Fermentation is a metabolic technique wherein an organism converts a carbohydrate, which includes starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid. as an example, yeast performs fermentation to acquire energy by means of changing sugar into alcohol. micro organism carry out fermentation, changing carbohydrates into lactic acid.
Each types of fermentation require primary components, a sugar supply and a bacterial culture; alcohol fermentations use types of yeast, at the same time as lactic acid fermentation generally relies on lactic acid bacteria.
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what volume (ml) of 7.48 × 10-2 m phosphoric acid can be neutralized with 115 ml of 0.244 m sodium hydroxide?
Volume of the original phosphoric acid solution is 375.133 ml.
What is phosphoric acid?
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid, or phosphoric(V) acid, is an inorganic solid with the chemical formula H3PO4 that contains phosphorus. It is frequently found as an 85% aqueous solution, that is a syrupy liquid that is colourless, odourless, and non-volatile. It is a significant industrial chemical that is used in numerous fertilisers. This substance is an acid. The phosphate ion PO 3 4 is produced when all three H+ ions are removed. Dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO 4 and hydrogen phosphate ion HPO24 are produced, respectively, by removing one or two protons. Organophosphates are esters created by phosphoric acid.
Here, we have given two solution with their conc. and volume .
So, formula used to calculate volume is:
M1V1 = M2V2
let, M1 = molarity of phosphoric acid
V1 = volume of phosphoric acid used
M2 = molarity of NaOH
V2 = volume of NaOH used
Now,
7.48 X 10-2 X V1 = 0.244 x 115
V1 = 0.244 x 115/ 7.48 X 10-2
V1 = 375.133 ml.
Hence, the volume of phosphoric acid is 375.133 ml.
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What is the concentration of H+ ions at a pH = 7?
mol/L
What is the concentration of OH ions at a pH = 7?
mol/L
What is the ratio of H* ions to OH ions at a pH = 7?
Answer:10-5mol/l
In the same way, a solution with a pH of 5 contains 10-5mol/l of hydrogen ions, a solution with a pH of 6 contains 10-6mol/l of hydrogen ions, while the solution with a pH of 7 contains 10-7mol/l of hydrogen ions.
Explanation:
What belief has the scientist in The Daily Times article developed as a result of experimentation?
1. He believes that if deafness is caused by a defective gene, gene therapy has the potential to cure many forms of hearing loss.
2. He believes that deafness is not hereditary, therefore there is no gene treatment that applies.
3. He believes that the scientists that conducted the study do not have the credentials to validate the results.
4. He believes that the tests are not valid and the results are not true.
The belief that scientists in The Daily Times article developed as a result of experimentation is he believes that if deafness is caused by a defective gene, gene therapy has the potential to cure many forms of hearing loss. The correct option is 1.
What is gene therapy?Gene therapy is a process in which the defective gene is repaired by scientific methods. Gene therapy is a form of genetic engineering. It is an attempt to cure diseases. It involves replacing a mutated gene.
Therefore, the correct option is 1. He believes that if deafness is caused by a defective gene, gene therapy has the potential to cure many forms of hearing loss.
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why is it important different types of chemical reactions (i.e acid-base, precipitation, and oxidation-reduction reactions)?
Precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions are the three most common types of chemical reactions.
When dissolved substances react, one (or more) solid products are produced, which is known as Precipitation reaction. These kinds of reactions, which are also occasionally known as double displacement, double replacement, or metathesis reactions, frequently involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solutions. These interactions, which occur frequently in nature, are what cause kidney stones in mammals and coral reefs to grow in ocean waters. They are extensively utilized in industry to produce a variety of common and specialized compounds. Many chemical analysis procedures, such as gravimetric methods for figuring out the composition of matter and spot tests used to identify metal ions, heavily rely on precipitation reactions as well. This is called Precipitation reaction.
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Draw the curved arrow mechanism for this reaction, including the carbocation rearrangement step. Show all nonbonding electrons and all formal charges explicitly. (1) Draw the curved arrow mechanism for step 1.
□>⊂Q, ∘
10
H− Cू
¨
i
I
Well here i can't draw the diagram for the curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction including the carbocation rearrangement step.
Brief descriptions of:What is carbocation?Carbocation is simply the positively (+ivly) charged carbon ions.
Examples of carbocation are:
Methenium CH⁺ ₃, Methanium CH⁺ ₅ vinyl C ₂H⁺ ₃Curved arrow mechanism:Curved arrow mechanism are the mechanism in which to represent electron flow instead of linear arrow, curved arrows are used. The origination of the electron is indicated by the tail of the curved arrow. The movement of two electrons is represented by double barbed arrow.
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a 15.0 ml solution of ba(oh)₂ is neutralized with 30.3 ml of 0.200 m hcl. what is the concentration of the original ba(oh)₂ solution?
A 15.0 ml solution of Ba(OH)₂ is neutralized with 30.3 ml of 0.200 m HCl. the neutralized of the original Ba(OH)₂ solution is 0.2M
The reaction is given as follows :
Ba(OH)₂ + 2HCl ----> BaCl₂ + 2HCl
concentration of HCl , molarity = 0.200 M
volume = 30.3 mL = 0.030 L
moles of HCl = molarity × volume
= 0.200 × 0.030
= 0.006 mol
moles of Ba(OH)₂ = 1/2 moles of HCl
moles of Ba(OH)₂ = 1 /2 × 0.006 = 0.003 mol
molarity of Ba(OH)₂ = moles / volume
= 0.003 / 0.015
= 0.2 M
The concentration of Ba(OH)₂ = 0.2 M
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Triglycerides are biosynthesized by phosphorylated glycerol and enzyme functionalized fatty acid esters. Triglycerides are produced by enzymatic ______________________.
The action of lipase is much more manifest on triglyceride, and it is also much faster the higher the molecular weight of the fatty acid present.
What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into monoglycerides?The salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete lipase enzymes to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol.It acts on the surface and in an aqueous medium, the emulsifying agent represented by bile salts is essential for optimum effectiveness.They are widely distributed, with a presence in the animal and plant kingdoms and even in the simplest unicellular organisms.Every fatty acids has a long hydrocarbon chain (with even amounts of carbons, usually 16 or 18) and a carboxyl group.Glycerol is a 3-carbon molecule with 3 -OH groups. Fatty accids and glycerol can be connected by single or double bonds, depending on if the fatty acid is saturated or unsaturated.when a lipid forms, the -COOH functional groups of 3 fatty acids react with -OH groups of glycerol. This leaves 16, 18, or 20 carbons, making a triglyceride 16, 18, or 20 carbons long.Lipases are a set of water-soluble enzymes that hydrolyze substrates such as triglycerides and phospholipids, have a similar structure and are essential in the metabolism of lipoproteins and lipids.That is, the function of lipase enzymes is to hydrolyze triglycerides to generate diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids and glycerol.To learn more about triglycerides refer to:
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how does the reaction rate change when the nitrogen monoxide concentration is doubled and chlorine concentration is halved? defined term
When the concentration of nitrogen monoxide is doubled and the concentration of chlorine is cut in half, the reaction is second order in nitrogen monoxide, NO.
Is NOx equivalent to NO2?
Nitric oxide (NO), an odorless, colorless gas, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a reddish-brown gas with an offensive odor, are the two gases that are typically referred to as "nitrogen oxides" (NOx). Nitrogen dioxide is created when nitric oxide combines with oxygen or ozone in the atmosphere.
N2O is a laughing gas, right?
A non-flammable, colorless, and odorless gas is nitrous oxide. Despite not being flammable, nitrous oxide will nonetheless facilitate combustion to the same degree as oxygen. It produces a mood of exhilaration, therefore the moniker "laughing gas." The least effective inhalational anesthetic is nitrous oxide.
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Which serum value is a reflection of the effectiveness of the kidney’s ability to properly maintain serum metabolic ph?.
The efficacy of the kidney's capacity to correctly maintain the serum metabolic pH is reflected in the serum bicarbonate (HCO3-).
What does serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) mean?
Serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a measurement of the amount of bicarbonate ions in blood, which aid in controlling blood pH. It is normally assessed as part of a standard blood test and is used as an indicator of acid-base balance. Dehydration, renal or liver illness, metabolic acidosis, and other medical problems can all be indicated by abnormal serum bicarbonate levels.
What is Serum metabolic ph?
A measurement of the blood's acidity or alkalinity is the serum metabolic pH. It is usually assessed as a component of a thorough metabolic panel, a kind of blood test. The range of the serum metabolic pH normal values is 7.35 to 7.45.
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when an alkene is subjected to treatment with hg(oac)2 in ch3oh followed by reaction with nabh4, what new class of compound is formed?
An alcohol is created when an alkene undergoes treatment with hg(oac)2 in ch3oh, followed by a reaction with nabh4.
What are the uses of alkene?
Introduction. One of the most adaptable chemical building blocks, alkenes are essential to numerous synthetic reactions. Alkene reactants are used in hydrofunctionalization processes such olefin hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination, which is a very active area of catalysis.
Alkene vs. alkane: what are they?
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because they only have one bond between the carbon atoms. Alkenes have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Alkynes have one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are the name given to alkenes and alkynes.
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PLEASE HELP!!!
Consider the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Complete the chemical reaction. What is the missing product? How many molecules are needed to balance the equation?
Responses
A 3 molecules of water.3 molecules of water.
B 1 water molecule.1 water molecule.
C 2 molecules of H202 molecules of H 2 0
D 2 molecules of H2
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Hydrogen peroxide is H2O2 which decomposes to water and oxygen
so
2H2O2 => 2H2O + O2
PLEASE HELP AS SOON AS POSSIBLE!!
Balance the equation and indicate whether it is a synthesis reaction, a dedo position reaction, a single-displacement reaction, a double- displacement reaction or a combustion reaction.
The question is in the photo below!!! Thanks!!
Answer:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Double-displacement reaction
too ezyyy
Explanation:
what term is used to describe the thick mixture of liquid and solid used to form the chromatography column?
Thick liquid layer that interacts with an inert carrier gas or mobile phase and is chemically linked to the inside of a capillary column
What is a chromatographic example?
Chromatography Methods
Some forms of liquid chromatography include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography. Ion-exchange, resin, and paper chromatography are a few other varieties of chromatography.
What is the chromatography's fundamental tenet?
Chromatography is one more method for separating and analyzing chemical mixtures. The method is based on the interaction of polarity between the sample and two additional components, the solid (or stationary) phase, and the mobile phase, which can be either a liquid or a gas.
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use the ionic bonding model to determine which has the higher melting point, rbcl or sro . explain your answer.
The smaller charges of the ions cause RbCl to have a higher melting point.
Which ionic compound has the highest melting point How do you know?
I The Ion Charge
In general, the higher the melting point, the stronger the ionic bond, the stronger the electrostatic attraction, and the higher the charge.
Why are ionic solids more flammable than covalent solids?
In ionic compounds, a strong electrostatic force holds the cation and anions together. The link that holds particles together and the attractive force that pulls them apart is known as the electrostatic force. The high melting point is a result of how challenging it is to separate the particles from one another.
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which one of the following elements has the largest atomic radius? question 18 options: a) al b) b c) o d) p e) f
The element which has the largest atomic radius is Aluminium. Therefore, the correct answer is option A- Al has the largest atomic radius.
We are aware that when atomic number increases, the number of shells also rises and, consequently, does atomic radius down a group in the periodic table. Along a period, as the atomic number rises, the nuclear charge rises as well, leading to an increase in the nuclear force of attraction. As a result, atomic radius shrinks over time.
Since the third period is below the second period, it will have a bigger atomic radius than the second period.
In the periodic table, aluminum and boron both belong to the same group. Atomic radius tends to rise from top to bottom within a group, according to this trend. The fact that aluminum is included in the periodic table below boron indicates that it has a bigger atomic radius than boron.
Hence, Aluminium has the largest atomic radius among the given options.
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a solid mixture contains mgcl2 and nacl. when 0.500 g of this mixture is dissolved in enough water to form 1.00 l of solution, the osmotic pressure at 25 °c is found to be 0.390 atm. what is the mass percent of mgcl2 in the mixture?
The mass percent of mgcl2 in the mixture is 50.3%, a solid mixture contains mgcl2 and nacl. when 0.500 g of this mixture is dissolved in enough water to form 1.00 l of solution is 0.4033.
What is osmotic pressure?
The highest pressure that can form in a solution when it is isolated from a solvent by a membrane that is permeable solely to the solvent. Osmosis pressure is dependent on molar concentration and absolute temperature.
What is mass?
A substance or object's mass is a measurement of how much matter there is in it. Smaller masses can be measured in grams instead of kilograms (kg), which is the standard SI unit for mass (g).
Given, mass of mixture= 0.5000
Osmatic pressure of solution = 0.3950
Nacl and mgcl2 are strong electrolyte and completely dissociate.
hence, vant roff factor for Nacl =2
vant roff factor for mgcl2= 3
let amount of Nacl= xgm
amount of Mgcl2= (0.500-x) gm
o.p. for Nacl= i * wt. of substance * l T/ mol. wt. * vol. of sol in litre
= 2*x*0.0021*290/50.5*1
=0.0364x
o.p. for Mgcl2 = 3* (0.500-x) * 0.0021* 29.0/95*1
=0.7725x
o.p. of solution = 0.3950 atm ( given)
Then,
0.3950= 0.364x+ 0.7725x
0.3950= 1.6009x
0.3950/ 1.6009 = x = 0.2455gx
mass of Nacl2= 0.2455gx
mass of Mgcl2 = 0.5000- 0.2455
= 0.2545gx
% mass of Mgcl2 = mass of Mgcl2/ total mass
=0.2545/0.5000 *100
=50.3%
vapor pressure of pure A= 350 torr
vapor pressure of pure B = 100 torr
let mole fraction of A= x
let mole fraction of B = (1-x)
vapor pressure of solution as equilibrium = 2* mole fraction of A
= 2x
Now according to raoults law
Pa = Pa*mf of A
Pb = Pb* mf of B
vapour pressure of a solution
(Pa+Pb) = (Pa*mf of A) + (Pb* mf of B)
= 2x= (350*x)+100x (1-x)
2x= 350x+100-100x
2x=250x+100
248x= 10
x= 100/248
x= 0.4032
x=0.4033
Therefore, mass percent of mgcl2 in the mixture is 50.3%, a solid mixture contains mgcl2 and nacl. when 0.500 g of this mixture is dissolved in enough water to form 1.00 l of solution is 0.4033.
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.
based on the change in color of the solution, how does the addition of ammonia cause the value of δ o to change for the nickel complex?
When ammonia is initially added to a solution containing Ni2+, solid nickel hydroxide, Ni(OH)2 is formed.
Ni2+ (aq) + 2 NH3 (aq) + 2 H2O (aq) → Ni(OH)2 (s) + 2 NH+4 (aq)
If more ammonia is added or if excess ammonia is now present in solution, Ni(OH)2 will be dissolved due to the formation of a violet-colored complex, [Ni(NH3)6]2+.
Ni(OH)2 (s) +6 NH3 (aq) → [Ni(NH3)6]2+ (aq)
The color of the solution is violet due to the formation of the nickel complex, hexaamminenickel(II).
What is Complex Compounds?
Coordination or Complex Compounds are addition compounds that are stable in a solid state. They are able to retain their identity even in solution. The central metal ion forms dative or coordinate bond with the ligands, which are species that surround the metal.
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An unknown substance has a mass of 16.9 g . When the substance absorbs 1.521×102 J of heat, the temperature of the substance is raised from 25.0 ∘C to 45.0 ∘C . What is the most likely identity of the substance?
Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, the specific heat and identity of the sample is +0.89 J/g°C and aluminum respectively.
What is Enthalpy?Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.
Mathematically,
Enthalpy=mass of unknown metal× specific heat capacity of unknown metal× Change in temperature
mass of unknown metal=16.9 grams
specific heat capacity of unknown metal=?
Change in temperature=final temperature - initial temperature
=318-298.7
= 20K
enthalpy=1.521×10²J
Substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get
1.521×10² =16.9 × specific heat capacity of unknown metal×20
3510 =3,910.68× specific heat capacity of unknown metal
specific heat capacity of unknown metal=-0.89J/g°C
Therefore, the specific heat and identity of the sample is +0.89 J/g°C and aluminum respectively.
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How do changes in the sequence of DNA affect traits
equal volumes of 0.500 m hco2h and 0.100 m na(o2cch3) are mixed. what is the ph of the resulting solution? the pka of hco2h is 3.75 and the pka of ch3co2h is 4.75.
The addition of 0.1 M HCl lowers the pH of the solution. The pH starts to decline gradually at first.
Sodium acetate is 0.1M and acetic acid is 0.2M. So, 4.7 and log (0.1/0.2) added together give the pH value. i.e., 4.39. A solution with 0.2M acetic acid and 0.1M sodium acetate, therefore, has a pH of 4.39. Because H+ aq is smaller in size and more mobile than Na+ aq, it will have a greater m in 0.1 M HCl.
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elect all that apply Which of the following couples are buffer systems? (a) KF/HF(b) KBr/HBr(c) Na^CO3/NaHCO3 A. KF/HF B. KBr/HBr □ C. Na2CO3/NaHCO3 □ D. none
Of the following given compound or couples KF/HF, Na^CO3/NaHCO3 are the buffer systems as they consist of both weak base or acid.
What is buffer systems?Buffer systems is the acid-base homeostatic mechanism. It is helpful in maintaing the pH in blood by balancing the carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion, and carbon dioxide .
Formation of buffer systems:Buffer systems are made of weak Base-acid mixed with its conjugate base-acid dissolved in water. The conjugate acid-base should be from its Salt.
Hence, Of the following given compound or couples KF/HF, Na^CO3/NaHCO3 are the buffer systems as they consist of both weak base or acid.
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What is the molecular formula for a compound that is 24.82% nitrogen, 49.87% oxygen, and
25.31% fluorine and has a molar mass of 450.08g?
Molecular formula is n times the empirical formula, where n is integers 1,2,... The empirical formula is F[tex]_3[/tex]N[tex]_4[/tex]O[tex]_7[/tex]. Therefore, the molecular formula of the given compound is F[tex]_6[/tex]N[tex]_8[/tex]O[tex]_{14}[/tex].
What is molecular formula?
Molecular formula is a chemical formula for a compound existing as discrete molecules that gives the total number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
Number of gram atoms in compound and Divide by smallest Number of gram atoms in compound
F=(25.31%)÷18=1.40÷1.40=3
N=(24.82%)÷14=1.77÷1.40=4
O=(49.87%)÷16=3.11÷1.40=7
The atomic ratio is 1:1.21:2.2
Whole number is 1:1:2
Empirical formula corresponding to this whole number is F[tex]_3[/tex]N[tex]_4[/tex]O[tex]_7[/tex].
molecular formula mass= n ×empirical formula mass
450.08g= n ×225.04
n= 2
molecular formula= F[tex]_6[/tex]N[tex]_8[/tex]O[tex]_{14}[/tex]
Therefore, the molecular formula of the given compound is F[tex]_6[/tex]N[tex]_8[/tex]O[tex]_{14}[/tex].
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a medal in a plastic cube whose index of refraction is 1.5 appears to be 20 mm below the upper surface of the cube. the depth of the medal is actually
A medal in a 1.5 index of refraction plastic cube seems to be 20 mm below the cube's upper surface. The medal is actually 30mm deep inside the acrylic cube
It looks that a medal in a plastic cube is 20 mm below its upper surface.
Equation
Appearance depth is 20mm
Let's say the real depth of the medal in the plastic cube is h.
We know that
real depth/apparent depth =the plastic's refractive index in relation to the air.
H/20 mm
= 1.5 H
= 20 mm x 1.5 mm
= 30.0 mm
Thus, the medal's real depth inside the plastic cube is 30 mm.
Refraction: What Is It?
Refraction is the bending of a wave as it travels through different media. The two materials' different densities are what lead to the bending.
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the bronsted-lowry definition of a base is: group of answer choices produces h⁺ in solution. produces oh⁻ in solution. a proton donor. a proton acceptor. none of the above
A collection of answer options that results in h+ in the solution is the bronsted-lowry definition of a base. a proton acceptor that generates oh in a solution. bronstted - lowry Acid and base definition.
Proton donation is carried out by acid. Base is a material that can take in protons. So, based on the foregoing Definition, option B is right. A base, which is the complementary particle to an acid, is also known as a proton acceptor. A base, according to the Broensted-Lowry definition, is a negatively charged ion that can react with or receive a positively charged hydrogen ion. Any hydrogen-containing material that has the ability to give another substance a proton (hydrogen ion) is considered an acid. An entity that can accept a hydrogen ion is known as a base.
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if a 1.00 ml sample of the reaction mixture for the equilibrium constant experiment required 32.40 ml of 0.258 m naoh to titrate it, what is the monoprotic acetic acid concentration in the mixture? select one: 0.399 m 5.82 m 8.36 m 7.96 m 12.6 m
The mixture contains a concentration of monoprotic acetic acid of
(8.36 M). (0.0083592 mol/1000 mL = 8.36 M) = 0.258 M x 32.40 mL/1000 L.
What is an example of monoprotic acid?Monoprotic acids include benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H), acetic acid (CH3CO2H or HOAc), nitric acid (HNO3), and hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What strength of acid is monoprotic acid?H2SO4 and H3PO4 are examples of polyprotic acids that contain two or three hydrogen ions. Although it is alluring to believe that polyprotic acids are more powerful than monoprotic acids since they include several hydrogen ions, this is not the case.
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what is the electron-pair geometry for s in so3? fill in the blank 1 there are fill in the blank 2 lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the molecular geometry (shape) of so3
The electron-pair geometry around the S atom in SO[tex]_{3}[/tex] is Trigonal Planar as there is Zero(0) lone pairs around the S atom.
What is electron-pair geometry?
The electron pair arrangement determines the spatial arrangement of bonds and lone pairs within a molecule. VSEPR theory is used to calculate the shape of molecules according to the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom.
VSEPR theory states that electron pairs repel each other around the central atom and are placed as far apart as possible.
Molecular geometry is described as the 3D arrangement of atoms within a molecule, usually relative to a single central atom. Electron geometry, on the other hand, is the 3D arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom, whether bonded or unbonded.
A lone (non-bonded) pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond, and a bond pair is a pair of electrons present in a bond.
Therefore, The electron-pair geometry around the S atom in SO[tex]_{3}[/tex] is Trigonal Planar.
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which d electron count can exhibit both high-spin and low-spin states in an octahedral complex? d3 d8 d5
d electron count can exhibit both high-spin and low-spin states in an octahedral complex is d⁶
high spin complex is a complex ion with more unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the central atom. These ions are known to be paramagnetic.
low spin complex ion is a complex known to have electron pairs at low energy levels.
High-spin and low-spin complexes are characterized based on their magnetic moments.
If the configuration of the complex has an unpaired electron, it is said to be a high-spin complex. If the unpaired electron is missing, the complex is called low-spin.
There are two types of ligands approaching the central metal ion: strong electric fields and weak electric fields. In both cases, the d-orbital splitting is different. In case of strong electric field Δ>P
For weak electric field Δ
where Δ is the crystal field splitting
When. P is the pairing energy
Only d⁶ type electron configurations can display both High Spin (HS) and Low Spin (LS).
d⁶(strong)= t₂⁶g gives LS
d⁶(weak)= t₂⁴g eg³ gives HS
Therefore, only the d 6 electron configuration can give rise to both LS and HS complexes in the presence of strong and weak ligand fields, respectively.
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if a chemical reaction produces hydroxide ion, oh- , what would be the range for the target ph of a buffer solution that would favor ph stabilization under these conditions? explain your answer
The range for the target ph of a buffer solution that would favours ph stabilization unders this condition in (4.75-4.85).
What is Henderson Hasselback equation ?
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pKa + log([A]/[HA]), can be used to determine the pH of a buffer. The terms "HA" and "A" in this equation stand for the equilibrium concentrations of the conjugate acid-base pair that were employed to make the buffer solution.
What is acetate?
A proton is taken out of the carboxy group of acetic acid to produce acetate, a monocarboxylic acid anion. It performs a function as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite as well as a human metabolite. The base is a conjugate of an acetic acid. ChEBI. Alternatives to ACETIC ACID
The Henderson Hasselback equation for a suitable acetic acid / acetate buffer-
Ph= Pka + log (salt)/(acid)
(salt) = (acetate)
(acid) = (acetic acid)
now, CH3 COOH dissociates as
CH3COOH ⇔ CH3COOH +H
Pka for CH3COOH = 4.75
If a chemical reaction produced hydroxide ions, then CH3COOH gets consumed and more acetate ions with produces. This leads to change in Ph of the solution as due (CH3C00H-) increases the ph absence increases.
The range for the target ph of a buffer solution that would favours ph stabilization unders this condition in (4.75-4.85)
The buffer capacity is the ability of a given buffer to resist any changes in ph when small amount of acid or base added to it.The buffer capacity of a mixed weak acid( here Acetic acid)-base (NaOH) buffer is much greater when the individual pKa values are in close proximity with each other.
Therefore, The range for the target ph of a buffer solution that would favours ph stabilization unders this condition in (4.75-4.85).
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Which of the following is the net ionic equation for the
reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric
acid?
NaF(aq)+HCl(aq)→NaCl(aq)+HF(aq)
Na+(aq)+F−(aq)+H+
(aq)+Cl−(aq)→Na+(aq)+Cl−(aq)+HF(aq)
Na+(aq)+Cl−(aq)→NaCl(aq)
F−(aq)+H+(aq)→HF(aq)
This reaction's molecular equation is NaF(aq) + HCl(aq) ==> NaCl(aq) + HF (aq) Because HF is a weak acid, we won't ionize it and will instead write the following net ionic equation: H+(aq) plus F-(aq) equals HF (aq)
How is an ionic equation written?By dissolving all soluble ionic chemicals (those denoted with a (aq)) into their corresponding ions, the ionic equation can be written. To demonstrate that an ion is present in solution, it should be displayed with its charge and a (aq). To display the quantity of each ion present, use coefficients.
What does "net ionic equation" mean?A chemical equation known as a net ionic equation only includes the ions that are undergoing chemical change as the reaction progresses.
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