The most severe and immediate result of a burn is hypovolemia. It is mostly due to an increase in capillary permeability, which causes a shift of protein and fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial area. Hypovolemia causes "burn shock."
The pathophysiology of a burn wound is characterized by an inflammatory response that leads to fast oedema production as a result of enhanced microvascular permeability, vasodilation, and extravascular osmotic activity.
The objective of fluid management in large burn injuries is to preserve tissue perfusion during the early stages of burn shock, before hypovolemia develops owing to constant fluid extravasation from the intravascular compartment.
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Suppose that for a certain gene, nearly 100 percent of the normal level of expression is required to produce the normal phenotype.Based on this requirement, one could predict that a _______ mutation would be _______.
A) gain of function; recessive
B) loss of function; dominant
C) loss of function; recessive
D) nonsense; recessive
E) loss of function; a conditional mutation
Suppose that for a certain gene, nearly 100 percent of the normal level of expression is required to produce the normal phenotype. Based on this requirement, one could predict that a loss of function mutation would be dominant. Correct answer: letter B.
A loss-of-function mutation is predicted to be dominant because, in this case, even a small amount of the mutant gene would be enough to disrupt the normal gene expression, resulting in the phenotype being affected. If the mutation were recessive, this would not be the case, and it would require two copies of the mutant gene in order to cause a phenotype.
The Importance of Dominant Mutations in Gene FunctionA dominant mutation refers to a mutation in which a single allele can cause a phenotypic change. This means that a single copy of the mutated gene may be sufficient to produce a different expression of the gene. This differs from a recessive mutation, in which two copies of the mutated gene are needed to produce the phenotype. This means that a dominant mutation is more likely to affect the gene function of an organism.
The most obvious example of a dominant mutation is Huntington's syndrome. This disease is caused by a mutation in a single allele that causes a change in a specific gene. This mutation leads to the symptoms of Huntington's syndrome, which include problems with:
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how would mutations that completely ablate [remove/destroy] the function of the androgen receptor impact the phenotypic development of humans with xy chromosomes?
Patients would appear phenotypically female in the mutations that completely ablate the function of the androgen receptor and impact the phenotypic development of humans with XY chromosomes.
A member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors, Dose-Sensitive Sex Reversal Locus on Chromosome X, Gene 1 (DAX1), also known as Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 0, Group B, Member 1 (NR0B1), predominantly acts as a transcriptional repressor.
Due to uncertain external genital differentiation ranges, male-to-female sex reversal is linked to duplication of the DAX1/NROB1 gene.
Males and females are distinguished by having one X and one Y chromosome in each diploid cell of their bodies, however, XX males who are SRY-positive have two X chromosomes, one of which contains genetic material from the Y chromosome, making them phenotypically male but genetically female.
The DAX1 protein may play a direct or indirect role in the control of hypothalamic-pituitary function by gonadal hormones.
The complete question is:
How would mutations that completely ablate the function of the androgen receptor impact the phenotypic development of humans with XY chromosomes?
(A). Patients would appear phenotypically female.
(B). Patients would appear phenotypically male with underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics.
(C). Patients would appear phenotypically male, but cannot produce sperm.
(D). Patients would express both male and female secondary sex characteristics.
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how did the multidrug resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, like those in the prison, arise?
Bacteria experience random DNA mutations, which can change the way they behave. Strains that are resistant to antibiotics are developing as a result of the gene.
In the billions, bacteria reproduce. A copy of a gene's DNA that makes a bacterium resistant to drugs may be passed on from one bacterium to another. The newly added DNA makes previously non-drug-resistant bacteria drug-resistant. Only drug-resistant bacteria can survive when there are drugs present.
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Cells j2:m6 have been copied. Paste the copied cells into the selected worksheet location (cell n2) so the formulas, formatting, and source cell widths are pasted.
False
Applications for spreadsheets offer a setting for effective data analysis. It contains a huge selection of instruments and formulas. The places where data is entered are called cells.
Data can be obtained from a database, pasted from another cell, or input directly into cells.
Select the data you want to copy and paste from another worksheet, then copy it and paste it into the desired worksheet. Only the worksheet has been duplicated with all the data and calculations; if necessary, the columns can be changed.
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cell is put into a liquid and remains its original size. What is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this observation? The concentration of water is higher in the cell than in the liquid, so water is leaving the cell. The concentration of water is higher in the cell than in the liquid, so water is moving in and out of the cell at the same rate. The concentration of water in the cell is the same as in the liquid, so water is moving in and out of the cell at the same rate. The concentration of water in the cell is the same as in the liquid, so water is leaving the cell.
Answer:
The concentration of water in the cell is the same as in the liquid, so water is moving in and out of the cell at the same rate.
Explain how some algal species are able to survive during periods of nutrient starvation and extreme temperatures.
To create organic food, these phototrophic algae use the light energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. They use the food they produce as a means of survival when they are starving for nutrients, and they eat it.
A tremendously diversified collection of primarily watery photosynthetic organisms called algae are responsible for over 50% of all photosynthesis on Earth. A broad variety of antenna pigments are used by algae to collect light energy for photosynthesis, which gives different forms of algae their distinctive colours. What is currently known about the carbon dioxide fixation route and the light harvesting reactions is largely the result of early study with algae. Higher plants and algae also undergo photosynthesis, yet the two processes are extremely similar. Two of the three varieties of carbon dioxide-concentrating mechanisms that are known to exist in photosynthetic organisms are present in various kinds of algae. Algae may contribute to the global carbon cycle by aiding in the removal of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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how do prions differ from viruses? select all that apply. how do prions differ from viruses?select all that apply. unlike a virus, a prion is a single molecule. unlike viruses, prions are infectious proteins. unlike viruses, prions do not include any nucleic acids.
Prions differ from viruses as prions do not include any nucleic acids. Generally, prions are smaller than viruses and can only be seen through electron microscope when they have aggregated and formed a cluster.
How does prions differ from viruses?Viruses and bacteria are microorganisms that contain genetic material and they do not generate spontaneously. Prion disease is caused by a change in shape of a cellular protein and the resulting pathogenic prion proteins begin to recruit and change normal proteins into abnormal shape.
Infectious agents, prions were originally believed to be anomalous viruses, hence their inclusion here. They consist of only protein with no enclosed nucleic acid.
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the best practice for controlling agricultural pests is: group of answer choices eradication sterile insect control integrated pest management biological control
Sterile insect control is the finest method for eradicating pests in agricultural areas. integrated pest control Eradication. biological restraint.
What is the most effective way to control illness and pests?Pests can be kept out of your garden with the help of common and efficient physical measures like barriers and traps. For instance, sticky traps or insecticidal soap can be used to control common pests like aphids and beetles. Physical restrictions can also aid in halting the spread of infections.
What is the name of the pest control method?Biological control refers to the employment of living creatures to reduce the damage that pest populations might otherwise cause.
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these two protozoans are significant infectious agents in aids patients. group of answer choices toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium parvum balantidium coli and acanthamoeba acanthamoeba and naegleria toxoplasma gondii and acanthamoeba toxoplasma gondii and balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium parvum are two protozoans which are significant infectious agents in aids patients.
The two most prevalent intestinal protozoan parasites in people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are Isospora belli and Cryptosporidium parvum. The case definition for AIDS still only includes these two intestinal protozoan parasites. The three main opportunistic causes of systemic involvements reported in HIV-infected patients are leishmaniasis, strongyloidiasis, and toxoplasmosis. The most significant parasite infection linked to the central nervous system among these is toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is the only parasite disease that may cause both focal and disseminated forms due to its complicated nature, and it has been designated as an AIDS-defining infection.
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once the hummingbird dna is cloned, we have the problem of finding the piece of dna that holds our gene of interest. explain how nucleic
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
ok
charles darwin proposed that the mechanism of evolution is natural selection and that it explains how adaptations arise. what are adaptations? give two examples of adaptations.
Adaptations are inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments. Possible examples include the mottled coloration of a fawn and the sharp talons.
An organism, such as a plant or animal, can acquire any heritable characteristic that aids in its ability to survive and procreate in its environment. Three related definitions of Adaptation exist. First, the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection improves the evolutionary fitness of organisms by adaptation them to their environments. Second, it's a state that the populace reaches during that process.
Any organic, living system that performs as a separate, autonomous unit is considered an organism. Cells make up every living thing. Taxonomy divides living things into categories like multicellular animals, plants, and fungus, or unicellular microbes like protists, bacteria, and archaea.
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100 points please help!
Consider a cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, in what order do the following events take place after G1?
Place these in order:
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
DNA replicates
Cell prepares for mitosis
Cytokinesis
Answer:
remember the acronym P MAT to remember the phases of mitosis!
Explanation:
1.) Cell prepares for mitosis
2.) Prophase
3.) metaphase
4.) anaphase
5.) DNA replicates
6.) telophase
7.) Cytokinesis
The cell differentiation in G1 phase start with the cell prepares for mitosis.
What is mitosis?Mitosis is defined as when replicated chromosomes are split into two new nuclei during the cell cycle. A cell duplicates all of its parts, including its chromosomes, and then divides into two identical daughter cells. Due to the importance of this procedure, specific genes carefully regulate each phase of mitosis.
A cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the order of the event take place after G1 phase are Cell prepares for mitosis, Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, DNA replicates, telophase and Cytokinesis. The cell cycle should proceed in the following order: G1, S, G2, M, and maybe an escape into G0. The first gap, or G1, is when the cell grows and performs its function in the body.
Thus, the cell differentiation in G1 phase start with the cell prepares for mitosis.
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A horticulturalist wants to produce geraniums with specific characteristics. She knows that the trait of red flowers is governed by the allele R (RR and Rr) and the trait of white flowers is governed by the allele r (rr).The horticulturalist has a red geranium with an uncertain genetic makeup. She crosses it with a white geranium (rr) and gets a generation in which half of the plants have red flowers and half have white flowers. What does this combination of offspring tell her about the genetic makep of the red geranium parent?
a. The red geranium is heterozygous for red flowers (Rr).
b. The red geranium is homozygous for red flowers (RR).
c. The trait shows incomplete dominance.
d. The red geranium is homozygous for white flowers (rr).
Answer:a
Explanation:the gernairium is the flower of death aka poppyseeds
DNA molecules undergo changes by radiation from X rays leading to
A. stronger life forms.
B. sleeping sickness.
C. leg wounds.
D. mutations.
Answer:
Explanation:
D
Which claim is most likely based on science?
A.Teas made from carrot leaves and stems are remedies that cleanse toxins from the body.
B.The orange color of carrots is due to a chemical called beta carotene.
C.Orange-colored carrots taste better than white or purple carrots.
D.Orange-colored carrots were introduced by the Dutch people, who preferred them to white carrots.
HELPPPP
Answer:
B
Explanation:
if you were comparing the structures of fossils of extinct organisms, and had only fossil evidence available, which species concept could you use to distinguish different species from one another?
The biological notion of species is used to distinguish between species.
What is biological species concept?The biological species concept (BSC) was created to help people understand biological diversity, particularly the common observation that sexually reproducing organisms are not found in a continuum of forms but rather in more or less distinct phenotypic and genetic clusters.
The prezygotic and postzygotic barriers maintain species separation. These barriers, which take effect both before and after the development of a zygote, prevent creatures of different species from mating to generate fruitful offspring. These obstacles keep species' reproductive isolation in place.
Therefore, it is impossible to apply the biological species idea to long-extinct species for whom there are no longer any available reproductive data. Applying the biological species concept to groups for which little is known can also be challenging.
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Schleiden believed that free cell formation is where cells come from which was proven incorrect. Where do cells actually come from?.
Schleiden thought that cells were created spontaneously or through a process known as free cell creation. According to this theory, cells could develop from inanimate objects. However, Schwann thought that cells originated from pre-existing cells.
Who made the hypothesis of spontaneous generation?One of the first authors to express the hypothesis of spontaneous generation—the idea that life can emerge from inert matter—was the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC). According to Aristotle, if nonliving material contained pneuma (also known as "vital heat"), life may have developed from it.
What in biology is a pneuma?Pneuma, as used in classical Greek medicine, is the type of circulating air required for the systemic operation of essential organs. It is the substance that keeps awareness alive in a body
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Schleiden thought that cells were created spontaneously or through a process known as free cell creation. According to this theory, cells could develop from inanimate objects. .
Who made the hypothesis of spontaneous generation?One of the first authors to express the hypothesis of spontaneous generation—the idea that life can emerge from inert matter—was the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC). According to Aristotle, if nonliving material contained pneuma (also known as "vital heat"), life may have developed from it.
What in biology is a pneuma?Pneuma, as used in classical Greek medicine, is the type of circulating air required for the systemic operation of essential organs. It is the substance that keeps awareness alive in a body
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Which item represents the highest level of biological organization?
O A. Blood cell
OB. Nervous system
OC. Muscle tissue
о O D. Heart
The highest level of biological organization is Nervous system. The nervous system represents a higher level of organization than the other options because it consists of various components working together to coordinate and regulate bodily functions. The correct option is B.
What is the highest level of biological organization?The highest level of biological organization is the organism level, which includes all of the systems and tissues working together to maintain the life of the individual. Therefore, the nervous system, muscle tissue, and heart are all components of the organism level.
The blood cell, while important, is a component of the tissue level, which is a lower level of biological organization. Therefore, the highest level of biological organization represented by the options given is the nervous system.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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the part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the
The AQPs aid in the majority of water reabsorption that takes place in the nephron. The proximal tubule and the descending limb of the loop of Henle then reabsorb the majority of the fluid that was filtered at the glomerulus.
The multisegmented tubule, which is made up of the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule, reabsorbs the "good" (water and nutrients) and secretes the "bad" (metabolic waste products) from the nephron. The glomerulus filters the blood.
Although reabsorption happens in every renal tubule, the proximal convoluted tubules host the majority of it. Either passive or active transport methods are used to selectively reabsorb materials. The proximal convoluted tubule is where the majority of sodium reabsorption takes place.
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pre-frq preparation: identify and explain what threatened the sugarcane crop in australia in the 1930s. describe what australians did in response to the threatened sugar cane crop. explain how efficient or inefficient cane toads were at eating cane grubs and beetles. describe how cane toads kill fish. describe how cane toads altered the ecosystem of australia.
The species that posed a threat to Australia's sugarcane crop in 1930 were cane grubs. The native species of Victoria are highly threatened by cane toads.
The native species of Victoria were seriously threatened by cane toads. In addition to competing for food, they may quickly spread and colonize new places, may bring new viruses and diseases, and poison via their toxic glands. According to the Victorian Catchment and Land Protection Act of 1994, cane toads fall under the category of controlled pest animals. Threat reduction strategy for the cane toad (Bufo marinus). In order to lessen the effects of cane toads and conserve native species and ecosystems that are impacted by cane toads, the Australian Government has issued a threat abatement plan that outlines the research, management, and other efforts required. Cane Toads kill them by injecting their venom into their bodies. By utilizing poison to kill their predators, the cane toad has altered Australia's environment. This process eliminates certain species, but it also promotes the re-emergence of other prey species.
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please help
What are mutations, and how do they lead to evolution?
What is genetic drift, and how does it lead to evolution?
What is natural selection, how does it lead to evolution?
What is gene flow, and how does it lead to evolution?
What is nonrandom mating, and how does it lead to evolution?
What are mutation, and how do they lead to evolution?
A mutation is an alteration to DNA, the building block of life.
A population will evolve if a mutation produces a characteristic that makes it more likely that the individual carrying the mutation will live, mate, and give birth to offspring who also carry the mutation. The allele frequency for that attribute will alter when more and more individuals of the population carrying the mutation reproduce and pass the mutation on to more and more population members, signaling that the population has evolved.
What is genetic drift, and how does it lead to evolution?
Genetic drift is the shift in population frequency of a gene variant brought on by random chance. Rare alleles may be lost due to genetic drift, which can also reduce the size of the gene pool. The idea that genetic drift contributes to the evolution of new species is based on the fact that it can also make a new population genetically distinct from its ancestral population.
What is natural selection, how does it lead to evolution?
Natural selection is the Evolution Mechanism. Charles Darwin put forth the idea. There are finite amounts of natural resources like water, land, air, and wood. According to nature, the person who adapts rapidly is the most likely to live, while the person who does not adapt is not likely to. This causes the creatures to alter, and nature adapts as a result. We can easily notice the difference between offspring and their ancestors.
What is nonrandom mating, and how does it lead to evolution?
Non-random mating won't make allele frequencies in the population change by itself, though it can alter genotype frequencies. This keeps the population from being in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but it's debatable whether it counts as evolution, since the allele frequencies are staying the same.
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prisha knows her blood type is a, but sebastian does not know his blood type. however, sebastian knows that his mother and father both had blood type b. prisha and sebastian's first child is a boy with type o blood. based on this information, sebastian's blood type could be
Sebastian’s blood type can either be O or B from the given information
What is ABO blood grouping?
a method for classifying distinct types of human blood based on the presence or lack of certain markers on the surface of red blood cells. A, B, O, and AB are the four most common blood types.
Based on the presence or absence of the antigens A and B, which are carried on the surface of red blood cells, the classification is based on the inherited characteristics of red blood cells (erythrocytes).Prisha’s genotype is AO, and Sebastian's genotype is BO; thus, their kid expresses the phenotype of O.
Therefore Sebastian’s blood type can either be O or B from the given information
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darwin observed that different types of organisms live on either side of a geographical barrier. such barriers prevent .
a Struggle where organisms fight for necessities of life where those suited to their environment will survive and reproduce definition
Natural selection is referred to as a struggle where organisms fight for necessities of life where those suited to their environment will survive and reproduce.
What is Environment?This is referred to as a sum total of all the living and non-living elements and their effects that influence life in an ecosystem.
Natural selection occurs when several types of changes occur in some members of a species of organism thereby resulting in them having an advantage over the others in terms of their daily activities. They are able to hunt or eat more food and are better adapted for mating which increases the reproductive rate.
They fight for necessities of life and those who are more suited to their environment will survive and reproduce while those who aren't will die out thereby making it the correct choice.
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explain why mitosis is normal in cells containing both horse and donkey chromosomes, but the mixed set of chromosomes interferes with meiosis.
Answer: Horses and donkeys have different numbers of chromosomes. Therefore, the offspring (mule) is unable to make sperm or eggs. This is because a horse and a donkey have different numbers of chromosomes. Horses have 64 and donkeys have 62. The baby gets half from the horse (32) and half from the donkey (31). When they combine they have a total of 63. During meiosis, when the chromosomes split, there is 31 pairs with 1 left over that cannot pair with another chromosome. This prevents all of the chromosomes from pairing so the sperm or eggs cannot be made.
Explanation:
there are currently many similar but distinct species (they can not mate with one another) on either side of the isthmus of panama, a geographic barrier that separates these species. this speciation probably resulted from:
That populations on opposite sides of the Isthmus are reproductively incompatible gives strong evidence that this is speciation by vicariance.
Vicariance refers to the geographical separation of two closely related species caused by a physical barrier, such as a mountain range or river. The separation of marine life on either side of Central America when the Isthmus of Panama closed 3 million years ago is an example of vicariance.
Speciation is the process through which an existing species in a population evolves into a new species or undergoes genetic change.
Because the DNA of each current species is identical to the species on the other side of the current Isthmus, seven species of snapping shrimp that are found on either side of the Panamanian isthmus give strong evidence that this is speciation by vicariance.
The complete question is:
There are currently many similar but distinct species (they can not mate with one another) on either side of the isthmus of Panama, a geographic barrier that separates these species. This speciation probably resulted from:
a. That populations on opposite sides of the Isthmus are reproductively incompatible.
b., The DNA of each current species is most similar to that of a species found on the opposite side of the current Isthmus.
c., The rate of evolution can be calculated because the populations have been separated for about 3 million years.
d., It takes about 3 million years for the accumulation of enough mutations to result in new species of snapping shrimp.
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Based on the phenotypes of the p generation and f1 generation, what are possible phenotypes in the f2 generation?.
When a monohybrid cross is in its F2 generation, Tall and Dwarf phenotypes are both present. The phenotypic ratio is 3:1.
The F1 and F2 generations are what?F2 generation is the second filial generation of the offspring produced through inbreeding of F1 people. F1 generation denotes the first filial generation of the offspring from the parents.
The P F1 F2 and F3 generations are what?The P parent generation's offspring are referred to as the F1 (for filial, or "offspring") generation. The children of F1 are known as the F2, and the children of F2 are known as the F3, the F4, the F5, and so on. This continues up until the last generation of the pedigree study.
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what are the benefits of recombinant dna technology that are not possible by traditional breeding programs?
The advantages of recombinant DNA technology that traditional breeding programs cannot provide are cross-species barriers that extend beyond domains.
Recombinant DNA technology has also been used to create vaccines and protein therapies such as human insulin, interferon, and human growth hormone. It is also used to make clotting factors for the treatment of haemophilia and in the research of gene therapy.
There are numerous applications for gene cloning. It has been particularly useful in mapping out the human genome, creating transgenic animals, and developing insect-resistant crops. It is also essential in genetic tests used in forensic science and archaeology, as well as tests used to determine hereditary disease and paternity. The technology also serves as the foundation for hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus diagnostic tests.
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on rare occasions, a new tetraploid species of plant may form. what factors allow the species to form and propagate?
When on rare occasions the new tetraploid species of plants are formed then the factors that allows the propagation are chromosome nondisjunction, self replication.
So, if a plant produces diploid gametes via nondisjunction and that they self-fertilize, the end result could be a new, tetraploid species. This species is now reproductively remoted from its discern as though the 2 have been to mate they could create nonviable triploid individuals joining of diploid gametes, self-fertilization, chromosome nondisjunction the character has inherited an extraordinary wide variety of chromosome sets (3n, 5n, etc), they're commonly infertile.
This is due to the fact the chromosomes can not pair up successfully at some point of meiosis and hence no purposeful gametes are produced. If the character has a fair wide variety of chromosome sets, they're commonly fertile.
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most trees and shrubs continue to grow year after year. such plants are known as a) perennials. b) annuals. c) biennials.
Plants such as trees and shrubs that continue to grow year after year are known as A. perennials.
Plant growth is a process of cell division and elongation that causes an increase in plant size. root elongation, increase in branch height, increase in tree branch size, increase in leaves, increase and enlargement of branches. Plant growth occurs in meristematic areas. This tissue is located at the tip of the stem, root tip, and cambium. Plants such as trees and shrubs that continue to grow year after year are known as perennials.
Perennial plants are annual plants. Perennial plants will continue to grow and continue to flower each year. These plants can survive for many years even though they have reproduced or completed their life cycle.
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