Both exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and closed-end funds are likely to trade at substantial discounts from their net asset values. This is because they are both traded on an exchange like stocks, and their prices are determined by supply and demand in the market rather than solely by the value of their underlying assets.
However, ETFs are generally more liquid and have lower fees than closed-end funds, which may make them a more attractive investment option for some investors. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) typically trade close to their net asset values because of their structure, which allows for the creation and redemption of shares to keep the market price close to the underlying net asset value.
Closed-end funds, on the other hand, have a fixed number of shares and do not have the same creation/redemption mechanism as ETFs. This can result in closed-end funds trading at substantial discounts (or premiums) to their net asset values, depending on market supply and demand factors.
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Calculate the current price of a $1,000 par value bond that has a coupon rate of 8 percent, pays coupon interest annually, has 17 years remaining to maturity, and has a current yield to maturity (discount rate) of 10 percent. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places and record without dollar sign or commas).
The current price of the bond is approximately $859.14. To calculate the current price of the bond, we need to discount the future cash flows (coupon payments and the final principal payment) to their present value. Here are the steps to calculate the current price:
Calculate the annual coupon payment:
Annual coupon payment = Coupon rate * Par value
= 8% * $1,000
= $80
Determine the total number of coupon payments until maturity:
Total coupon payments = Remaining years to maturity
= 17
Determine the present value of the coupon payments:
Present value of coupon payments = Coupon payment / (1 + Discount rate[tex])^1[/tex] + Coupon payment / (1 + Discount rate[tex])^2[/tex] + ... + Coupon payment / (1 + Discount rate[tex])^n[/tex]
Where n is the total number of coupon payments.
Using the formula, we can calculate the present value of the coupon payments:
Present value of coupon payments = ($80 / (1 + 0.10)^1) + ($80 / (1 + 0.10)^2) + ... + ($80 / (1 + 0.10)^17
Determine the present value of the principal payment:
Present value of principal payment = Principal payment / (1 + Discount rate[tex])^n[/tex]
Where n is the total number of coupon payments.
The principal payment is equal to the par value of the bond, which is $1,000.
Present value of principal payment = $1,000 / (1 + 0.10)[tex]^17[/tex]
Calculate the current price of the bond:
Current price = Present value of coupon payments + Present value of principal payment
Now, let's perform the calculations:
Present value of coupon payments ≈ $619.75
Present value of principal payment ≈ $239.39
Current price ≈ $619.75 + $239.39
≈ $859.14
Therefore, the current price of the bond is approximately $859.14.
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5. Manufacturers of printers and computers set prices independently. This means that they A. use capital-intensive means of production. B. use division of labor and specialization in production C. do not consider the effect of the prices on the demand for the products D. do not consider the negative effect that the high prices have on each other's profit
This is because they focus on their own specialization and production processes, and aim to maximize their profits through their pricing strategies.
They may also use capital-intensive means of production and division of labor to achieve their production goals, but the primary factor influencing their pricing decisions is their independence and focus on their own profits. Option A - "use capital-intensive means of production" - is not directly related to the question of setting prices independently, but rather relates to the production methods used by manufacturers. Some manufacturers may indeed use capital-intensive production methods, but others may use labor-intensive methods, or a combination of both.
Option B - "use division of labor and specialization in production" - is also not directly related to the question of price setting, but rather relates to how manufacturers organize their production processes. Many manufacturers do indeed use division of labor and specialization in production to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
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Manufacturers of printers and computers setting prices independently means that they do not consider the negative effect that the high prices have on each other's profit. Option D is the correct answer.
When manufacturers set prices independently, it implies that they are not engaging in price coordination or collusion. Each manufacturer determines its own pricing strategy without considering the impact it may have on the demand for the products or the pricing decisions of their competitors. This lack of coordination allows manufacturers to potentially set higher prices without concern for the competitive market dynamics or the negative effect it may have on their rivals' profitability.
Option D is the correct answer.
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on december 31 wintergreen, inc., issued $150,000 of 7 percent, 10-year bonds at a price of 93.25.
On December 31, Wintergreen, Inc. issued $150,000 of 7% 10-year bonds at a price of 93.25.
When a company issues bonds, it is essentially borrowing money from investors. In this case, Wintergreen, Inc. issued $150,000 in bonds that pay a 7% annual interest rate and have a maturity of 10 years. The price of the bonds was 93.25, which means that the company received 93.25% of the face value of the bonds, or $139,875. The difference between the face value of the bonds and the price at which they were sold represents the discount the investors received for taking on the risk associated with the bonds. Over the next 10 years, Wintergreen, Inc. will make regular interest payments to the bondholders and will repay the face value of the bonds when they mature.
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The duty of care states that directors do not have to be careful in considering all aspects of issues before them; they don’t have to be well informed. Directors may shirk their responsibilities.True or False
The given statement, "The duty of care states that directors do not have to be careful in considering all aspects of issues before them; they don’t have to be well informed. Directors may shirk their responsibilities" is false.
The duty of care is a legal obligation that requires directors to be careful and well-informed when considering all aspects of issues before them. This duty is an essential component of corporate governance, ensuring that directors act in the best interest of the company and its stakeholders. It is not true that directors do not have to be careful or well-informed, as this would undermine the purpose of the duty of care.
Directors are expected to exercise reasonable care, diligence, and skill in carrying out their responsibilities. This means they should actively participate in board meetings, ask questions, review relevant materials, and seek professional advice when necessary. They must also avoid negligence, recklessness, and willful misconduct that could harm the company or its stakeholders.
Failure to uphold the duty of care may result in directors being held personally liable for any losses or damages the company incurs as a result of their negligence. This is why it is crucial for directors to remain vigilant and informed, and to not shirk their responsibilities.
In conclusion, the duty of care does not allow directors to disregard their responsibilities; rather, it holds them to a high standard of attentiveness and diligence in fulfilling their roles within the company.
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False.The duty of care requires directors to act with a certain level of care, diligence, and skill in carrying out their responsibilities on behalf of the company.
Directors have a duty to inform themselves of all relevant information before making decisions and must exercise the same care and skill that a reasonable person would use in similar circumstances.Directors who fail to fulfill their duty of care may be held personally liable for any damages that result from their negligence or lack of attention to the company's affairs. Therefore, directors cannot shirk their responsibilities and must take their duties seriously.In summary, the duty of care requires directors to act with care and diligence, and they must inform themselves of all relevant information before making decisions. The notion that directors do not have to be careful in considering all aspects of issues before them is false.
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If the supply of capital is perfectly elastic, a tax on capital income results in:________-
If the supply of capital is perfectly elastic, a tax on capital income results in a complete shift of the tax burden to the owners of capital. This means that the tax will not affect the quantity of capital supplied in the market.
When the supply of capital is perfectly elastic, it means that the quantity of capital supplied in the market is highly responsive to changes in the market price. In this case, a tax on capital income will result in a decrease in the after-tax return on capital. As a result, the owners of capital will reduce their demand for investment opportunities and shift their investments to other areas that offer higher after-tax returns. This, in turn, will lead to a decline in the demand for capital and lower market prices. The decrease in market prices will further reduce the after-tax return on capital, causing the owners of capital to bear the entire burden of the tax.
In conclusion, a tax on capital income in a perfectly elastic capital supply market will result in a complete shift of the tax burden to the owners of capital.
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In the simplest kind of case, the long-run market supply curve is perfectly horizontal. However, more realistically it may slope upward, if increasing the quantity supplied leads to increased production costs, due to shortages in either material or labor.
(A perfectly horizontal supply curve is a simplifying idealization.)
In the simplest kind of case, the long-run market supply curve is perfectly elastic. However, more realistically it may slope upward, if increasing the quantity supplied leads to increased production costs, due to shortages in either material or labor.
To elaborate, a perfectly elastic long-run market supply curve indicates that firms can supply any amount of output at the same price level without facing any constraints. In this scenario, firms can easily adjust their production levels to meet changes in demand without affecting their production costs.However, in a more realistic scenario, the long-run market supply curve may have an upward slope. This means that as the quantity supplied increases, the production costs also rise.
As a result, firms need to offer higher wages to attract workers or pay higher prices for scarce materials, which in turn raises their production costs. This increase in production costs will ultimately be reflected in higher prices for the final product in the market. Therefore, an upward-sloping long-run market supply curve reflects the more realistic scenario where resource constraints and increasing costs affect the production and supply of goods and services in the long run.
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Complete Question :Complete the statment about postively sloped long run market supply curve : In the simplest kind of case, the long-run market supply curve is perfectly____. However, more realistically it may slope ______, if increasing the ______ leads to increased production costs, due to shortages in either material or ____.
using the data in question 30, calculate the holding period yield assuming you sold the bond at year 2 (right after receiving your second coupon) at a price of 90.
The holding period yield for the bond assuming you sold the bond at year 2 (right after receiving your second coupon) at a price of 90 is 22.22%.
To calculate the holding period yield for the bond in question 30, assuming it was sold at year 2 for a price of 90, we need to first calculate the total cash flows received over the two-year holding period.
The bond has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5%, which means it pays an annual coupon of $50. Over the two-year holding period, the bond would pay two coupons of $50 each, or a total of $100 in coupon payments.
In addition to the coupon payments, the bond was sold at year 2 for a price of 90, which means the investor received $900 from the sale.
The total cash flows over the two-year holding period are therefore $100 (coupon payments) + $900 (sale price) = $1,000.
To calculate the holding period yield, we can use the following formula:
Holding period yield = (ending value - beginning value + cash flows received) / beginning value
In this case, the beginning value is the purchase price of the bond, which we do not know. However, we do know that the face value of the bond is $1,000, and the bond was sold at year 2 for a price of 90, which represents a discount of 10% from the face value. Therefore, we can assume that the purchase price of the bond was $900 (face value x (1 - discount rate)).
Using this assumption, we can calculate the holding period yield as follows:
Holding period yield = (ending value - beginning value + cash flows received) / beginning value
= ($1,000 - $900 + $1,000) / $900
= 22.22%
The holding period yield for the bond is 22.22%. This means that the investor earned an average annual return of 11.11% over the two-year holding period. The holding period yield takes into account both the coupon payments and the gain (or loss) from the sale of the bond, providing a more comprehensive measure of the return on the investment over the entire holding period.
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Romero issues 3,400,000 of 10%, 10 year bonds dated January 1 20133 that pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. The bonds are issued at a price of 3,010,000.1. Prepare the January 1 2013 journal entry to record the bonds issuance.2. for each semiannual period, compute (a) the cash payment, (b) the straight line discount amortization, and (c) the bond interest expense.
For the second semiannual period (December 31, 2013), the same calculations are repeated using the remaining book value of the bonds as the face value. The cash payment will remain the same, but the discount amortization and bond interest expense will decrease as the discount is gradually amortized over the life of the bond.
1. The journal entry to record the bond issuance on January 1, 2013 is as follows:
Cash 3,010,000
Discount on Bonds Payable 390,000
Bonds Payable 3,400,000
The Discount on Bonds Payable is calculated as the difference between the face value of the bonds (3,400,000) and the issue price (3,010,000). This represents the discount on the bonds that will be amortized over the life of the bond.
2. For the first semiannual period (June 30, 2013):
a. The cash payment is calculated as 10% of the face value of the bonds, which is $170,000 ($3,400,000 x 10% x 6/12).
b. The straight line discount amortization is calculated as the total discount divided by the number of periods, which is $19,500 ($390,000 / 20).
c. The bond interest expense is calculated as the sum of the cash payment and the discount amortization, which is $189,500 ($170,000 + $19,500).
For the second semiannual period (December 31, 2013), the same calculations are repeated using the remaining book value of the bonds as the face value. The cash payment will remain the same, but the discount amortization and bond interest expense will decrease as the discount is gradually amortized over the life of the bond.
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You lift a 120 kg barbell from the floor to over your head to a height of 2.1m. what is the work done to lift the weight?
The work done to lift the 120 kg barbell to a height of 2.1 m is approximately 2469.6 Joules.
To calculate the work done to lift the weight, we can use the formula:
Work = Force x Distance
In this case, the force is equal to the weight of the barbell, and the distance is the height it is lifted.
Given:
Weight of the barbell = 120 kg
Height lifted = 2.1 m
Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s² (approximate value)
First, we need to calculate the force exerted by the barbell, which is equal to its weight:
Force = Mass x Acceleration due to gravity
Force = 120 kg x 9.8 m/s²
Force = 1176 N
Now we can calculate the work done:
Work = Force x Distance
Work = 1176 N x 2.1 m
Work = 2469.6 Joules (J)
Therefore, the work done to lift the 120 kg barbell to a height of 2.1 m is approximately 2469.6 Joules.
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On January 1 of this year, Houston Company issued a bond with a face value of $20,000 and a coupon rate of 7 percent. The bond matures in 3 years and pays interest every December 31. When the bond was issued, the annual market rate of interest was 6 percent. Houston uses the effective-interest amortization method. (Use appropiate factors from the tables FV, PV, FVA, and PVA of $1 and round to nearest whole dollar)
1. Complete a bond amortization schedule for all three years of the bond's life. (Enter all values as positive values.)
Date Cash Interest Interest Expense Premium Amortization Book Value of Bond
Jan. 1, year 1 Dec. 31, year 1 Dec. 31, year 2 Dec. 31, year 3
Date | Cash | Interest | Interest Expense | Premium Amortization | Book Value of Bond
Jan. 1, year 1 | - | - | - | - | $20,000
Dec. 31, year 1| $1,400 | $1,200 | $200 | $43 | $19,957
Dec. 31, year 2| $1,400 | $1,197 | $203 | $40 | $19,794
Dec. 31, year 3| $1,400 | $1,194 | $206 | $37 | $19,625
To calculate the bond amortization schedule, the bond's interest expense and premium amortization for each period need to be determined. The bond's interest expense is calculated as the book value of the bond multiplied by the market interest rate of 6%. The premium amortization is calculated as the difference between the bond's coupon rate of 7% and the market interest rate of 6%, multiplied by the bond's par value of $20,000.
Using the effective-interest amortization method, the premium amortization for each period is subtracted from the bond's interest expense to determine the total interest paid for each period. The premium amortization is then subtracted from the bond's premium balance to determine the premium balance for the next period. Finally, the book value of the bond is calculated as the bond's par value plus the premium balance.
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According to the Boston Consulting Group approach, ________ serves as a measure of company strength in the market
According to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) approach, market share serves as a measure of company strength in the market.
The BCG matrix is a strategic tool used for portfolio analysis, which categorizes a company's products or business units based on their market growth rate and relative market share.
Market share indicates the company's position compared to its competitors and reflects its ability to attract customers and generate sales. In the BCG matrix, high market share is associated with strong performance and competitive advantage, while low market share suggests a weaker position in the market.
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The Bedford Falls Bridge Building Company is considering the purchase of a new crane. George Bailey, the new manager, has had some past management experience while he was the chief financial officer of the local savings and loan. The cost of the crane is $17,291. 42, and the expected incremental cash flows are $5,000 at the end of year 1, $8,000 at the end of year 2, and $10,000 at the end of year 3. A. Calculate the net present value if the required rate of return is 9 percent. B. Calculate the internal rate of return. C. Should Mr. Bailey purchase this crane
A. To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the crane investment, we need to discount the expected cash flows at the required rate of return of 9 percent. The formula for NPV is as follows:
NPV = CF1 / (1 + r)^1 + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + CF3 / (1 + r)^3 - Initial cost
Where CF1, CF2, and CF3 are the cash flows expected at the end of year 1, year 2, and year 3, respectively, and r is the required rate of return.
Using the provided information, we can calculate the NPV as follows:
NPV = $5,000 / (1 + 0.09)^1 + $8,000 / (1 + 0.09)^2 + $10,000 / (1 + 0.09)^3 - $17,291.42
B. The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the NPV of an investment equal to zero. We can calculate the IRR by finding the discount rate at which the sum of the present values of the cash flows equals the initial cost. This can be done using trial and error or financial software.
C. To determine whether Mr. Bailey should purchase the crane, we evaluate the NPV and compare it to zero. If the NPV is positive, it indicates that the investment is expected to generate a return higher than the required rate of return and is therefore favorable. If the NPV is negative, it indicates that the investment is expected to generate a return lower than the required rate of return and may not be advisable.
Without the actual cash flows for the subsequent years, it is not possible to calculate the precise NPV and IRR or make a definitive recommendation. However, based on the information provided, Mr. Bailey should calculate the NPV and IRR using the formulas and compare the results to determine if the investment in the crane is financially viable.
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.The following table shows the relationship between a computer's CPU speed and its benefits and costs. Assume that all other features of the computer are the same (that is, CPU speed is the only source of variation), and only the CPU speeds listed below are available for purchase.
CPU GHz Total benefit Marginal benefit Total cost Marginal cost
2.0 $1,000 $900 2.5 $1,400 $100
3.0 $300 $1,200 3.5 $1,900 $1,500 4.0 $2,000 $400
a) Fill the empty cells.
b) Find the optimal choice of CPU, given the cost of upgrades.
a) The filled table is illustrated as follows.
b) The optimal choice of CPU, given the cost of upgrades is $100.
The given table shows the relationship between CPU speed, total benefit, marginal benefit, total cost, and marginal cost. Total benefit is the overall value gained from using a computer with a specific CPU speed, while marginal benefit is the additional benefit gained from upgrading the CPU speed from the previous level.
On the other hand, total cost is the overall cost incurred in purchasing a computer with a specific CPU speed, while marginal cost is the additional cost incurred in upgrading the CPU speed from the previous level.
The empty cells in the table can be filled as follows:
For a CPU speed of 2.0 GHz, the marginal benefit is $900. This means that if you upgrade from a 2.0 GHz CPU to a 2.5 GHz CPU, you will gain an additional benefit of $900. The total cost of a 2.0 GHz CPU is not given, so it cannot be determined.
For a CPU speed of 2.5 GHz, the total benefit is $1,400, and the marginal cost is $100. This means that if you upgrade from a 2.5 GHz CPU to a 3.0 GHz CPU, it will cost you an additional $100, and you will gain an additional benefit of $300.
To find the optimal choice of CPU, we need to consider the trade-off between marginal benefit and marginal cost. The optimal choice is where marginal benefit equals marginal cost. In this case, the optimal choice is a 3.5 GHz CPU since upgrading to a 4.0 GHz CPU incurs a marginal cost of $400, which is greater than the marginal benefit of $100.
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why is it important to consider uncertainty when evaluating supply chain design decisions?
It is important to consider uncertainty when evaluating supply chain design decisions because uncertainty can have a significant impact on various aspects of a business, such as trade, money, the economy, and accounting.
Uncertainty can arise due to various factors, such as changes in demand, unexpected events, or disruptions in the supply chain.
Supply chain design decisions can affect the overall performance of a business, including its ability to adapt to uncertainty.
A well-designed supply chain can help a business to be more resilient and better equipped to deal with uncertainty. On the other hand, a poorly designed supply chain can leave a business vulnerable to disruptions and unexpected events.
Judgment is also crucial when evaluating supply chain design decisions, as it requires careful consideration of demand and supply factors.
For instance, if a business is experiencing high demand for a particular product, it may need to adjust its supply chain to meet that demand. However, if the demand is uncertain, the business may need to be cautious about investing too much in its supply chain.
Overall, supply chain design decisions are critical to the success of a business, as they can impact the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain, and ultimately, the bottom line.
Taking into account uncertainty and making informed judgments can help businesses to adapt and thrive in an ever-changing marketplace.
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You calculate the Black-Scholes value of a call option as $3.50 for a stock that does not pay dividends, but the actual call price is $3.75. The most likely explanation for the or the volatility you input into the discrepancy is that either the option is model is too B. undervalued and should be written; low: A. overvalued and should be written; low: C. overvalued and should be purchased; high: D. undervalued and should be purchased; high
The most likely explanation for the discrepancy between the Black-Scholes value and the actual call price is that the option is undervalued and should be purchased; the volatility input into the model is too low.
The Black-Scholes model is used to calculate the theoretical value of an option based on assumptions about the behaviour of the underlying asset, such as volatility. Because the model assumes that the underlying asset has a lognormal distribution of returns, volatility is an important input in the model.
If the Black-Scholes value of the option is less than the actual call price, it indicates that the model underestimated the option's value. This could occur if the volatility input into the model is too low, causing the model to overestimate the projected price movement of the underlying asset. As a result, the option looks to be discounted in comparison to the market price.
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part 2: fix the sentence errors in the message jay cool accounts manager all in fitness 6987 6 mile rd. se grand river, in 42839 warren ferguson 5297 4 mile rd. grand river, in 42839 may 23, 2017
Fixed sentence errors in the message:
Jay Cool, Accounts Manager
All-In Fitness
6987 6 Mile Rd. SE
Grand River, IN 42839
Warren Ferguson
5297 4 Mile Rd.
Grand River, IN 42839
May 23, 2017
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Separate the sender's information (Jay Cool) from the recipient's information (Warren Ferguson).
2. Format the sender and recipient's addresses according to standard mailing format.
3. Separate the sender's name from their title by using a comma.
4. Capitalize the first letter of each line in the addresses.
5. Use the correct abbreviation for the state (IN).
6. Separate the different parts of the address with line breaks.
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true/false. the cost of retained earnings tends to exceed the cost of issuing new stock because of the flotation costs
The given statement "the cost of retained earnings tends to exceed the cost of issuing new stock because of the flotation costs" is true because the cost of retained earnings tends to exceed the cost of issuing new stock due to flotation costs.
Flotation costs refer to the expenses associated with issuing new stocks or bonds, such as underwriting fees, legal fees, and registration costs. These costs can be substantial and have a direct impact on the overall cost of raising new capital.
Retained earnings, on the other hand, are profits that a company decides to keep and reinvest in the business instead of paying them out as dividends. While this method of financing does not have any explicit costs like flotation costs, it still carries an implicit cost known as the opportunity cost. The opportunity cost is the return that shareholders could have earned if they had received the retained earnings as dividends and invested them elsewhere.
Considering both factors, the cost of retained earnings may appear higher than the cost of issuing new stock. This is because shareholders expect a higher return on their investments when a company chooses to retain earnings instead of paying them out as dividends. Furthermore, this higher expectation of return translates to a higher cost of capital for the company when it comes to retained earnings.
In summary, the cost of retained earnings tends to exceed the cost of issuing new stock due to the presence of flotation costs in new stock issuance and the opportunity cost of retaining earnings. Companies need to carefully evaluate these costs when deciding on their financing strategies to ensure optimal use of their financial resources.
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consider a 30-year mortgage at an interest rate of 5ompounded monthly. the amount to be mortgaged is $210,000. how much of the first month's payment is interest?
A 30-year mortgage at an interest rate of 5ompounded monthly. the amount to be mortgaged is $210,000.Then the first month's payment Interest is $828.84.
To calculate the amount of interest in the first month's payment for a 30-year mortgage at an interest rate of 5% compounded monthly, we need to use the formula for calculating mortgage payments.
The formula for monthly mortgage payments is:
M = P [ i(1 + i)^n ] / [ (1 + i)^n – 1]
Where:
M = monthly mortgage payment
P = principal amount (the amount to be mortgaged)
i = monthly interest rate (5% divided by 12),n = number of months in themortgage (30 years multiplied by 12 months)
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
M = $210,000 [ (0.05/12) (1 + (0.05/12))^360 ] / [ (1 + (0.05/12))^360 – 1]M = $1,128.84
Therefore, the first month's payment will be $1,128.84.
Interest = $1,128.84 - $210,000 = $828.84
So, the amount of interest in the first month's payment for a 30-year mortgage at an interest rate of 5% compounded monthly is $828.84. This means that in the first month, the borrower will be paying mostly interest and very little towards the principal amount of the mortgage.
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true/false. economic efficiency is defined as economic decisions made so that the choices mazimize producer and consumer surplus combined
Economic efficiency is defined as economic decisions made so that the choices maximize producer and consumer surplus combined the above statement is true.
Economic efficiency occurs when resources are allocated in a way that maximizes the overall welfare of society, which includes both producer and consumer surplus. Producer surplus is the difference between the amount a producer receives for a good or service and the minimum amount they are willing to accept for it. Consumer surplus, on the other hand, is the difference between the maximum amount a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service and the actual price they pay. When both producer and consumer surplus are maximized, it indicates that resources are being used in the most effective way, leading to overall economic efficiency.
By achieving economic efficiency, society can ensure that goods and services are being produced and consumed in a way that best meets the needs and desires of its members. This means that resources are not being wasted on the production of goods or services that are not valued by consumers, and consumers are able to access the goods and services they need at a price they are willing to pay. In this way, economic efficiency promotes both the well-being of individuals within society and the overall health of the economy.
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Goldman, Inc. is a manufacturer of lead crystal glasses. The standard direct materialsquantity is 0.7 pound per glass at a cost of $0.30 per pound. The actual result for onemonth’s production of 6,900 glasses was 1.3 pounds per glass, at a cost of $0.40 perpound. Calculate the direct materials cost variance and the direct materials efficiencyvariance.
Goldman, Inc. experienced higher direct materials costs than anticipated and also used more direct materials than planned for during the month.
To calculate the direct materials cost variance, we need to first calculate the standard cost and actual cost of direct materials used:
Standard cost of direct materials = 0.7 pounds/glass x $0.30/pound = $0.21/glass
Actual cost of direct materials = 1.3 pounds/glass x $0.40/pound = $0.52/glass
Direct materials cost variance = (standard cost - actual cost) x actual quantity
= ($0.21/glass - $0.52/glass) x 6,900 glasses
= -$2,139
The negative sign indicates an unfavorable variance, which means that the actual cost of direct materials was higher than the standard cost.
To calculate the direct materials efficiency variance, we need to compare the actual quantity of direct materials used to the standard quantity that should have been used:
Standard quantity of direct materials = 0.7 pounds/glass x 6,900 glasses = 4,830 pounds
Actual quantity of direct materials = 1.3 pounds/glass x 6,900 glasses = 8,970 pounds
Direct materials efficiency variance = (standard quantity - actual quantity) x standard cost
= (4,830 pounds - 8,970 pounds) x $0.30/pound
= -$1,271
Again, the negative sign indicates an unfavorable variance, which means that more direct materials were used than should have been used based on the standard.
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The direct materials cost variance is $2,139 (Unfavorable) and the direct materials efficiency variance is $384.30 (Favorable).
To calculate the direct materials cost variance, we need to compare the actual quantity of materials used and the actual cost of those materials with the standard quantity and cost:
Actual quantity = 1.3 pounds/glass x 6,900 glasses = 8,970 pounds
Actual cost = 8,970 pounds x $0.40/pound = $3,588
Standard quantity = 0.7 pounds/glass x 6,900 glasses = 4,830 pounds
Standard cost = 4,830 pounds x $0.30/pound = $1,449
[tex]Direct materials cost variance = Actual cost - Standard cost[/tex]
= $3,588 - $1,449
= $2,139 (Unfavorable)
To calculate the direct materials efficiency variance, we need to compare the actual quantity of materials used with the standard quantity, adjusted for the actual level of production:
Standard quantity for actual production = 0.7 pounds/glass x actual production
= 0.7 pounds/glass x 6,900 glasses
= 4,830 pounds
Direct materials efficiency variance = (Standard quantity for actual production - Actual quantity) x Standard cost per pound
= (4,830 pounds - 8,970 pounds) x $0.30/pound
= -1,281 x $0.30/pound
= $384.30 (Favorable)
Therefore, the direct materials cost variance is $2,139 (Unfavorable) and the direct materials efficiency variance is $384.30 (Favorable).
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Kansas Company acquired a building valued at $151,000 for property tax purposes in exchange for 10,000 shares of its $7 par common stock. The stock is widely traded and sold for $16 per share. At what amount should the building be recorded by Kansas Company?
a.$151,000
b.$90,000
c.$160,000
d.$70,000
The building should be recorded by Kansas Company at $160,000.
The building should be recorded at the fair market value of the stock exchanged, which is 10,000 shares x $16 per share = $160,000. Even though the building was valued at $151,000 for property tax purposes, the exchange of stock for the building implies that the fair market value of the building is equal to the fair market value of the stock exchange. Therefore, the building should be recorded at $160,000.
Step 1: Determine the fair value of the stock issued.
Kansas Company issued 10,000 shares of its $7 par common stock. The stock is widely traded and sold for $16 per share.
Step 2: Calculate the fair value of the stock.
Fair value of stock = Number of shares * Market price per share
Fair value of stock = 10,000 * $16 = $160,000
Step 3: Record the building at the fair value of the stock.
Since the building was acquired in exchange for the common stock, the building should be recorded at the fair value of the stock, which is $160,000.
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table 7.2 shows labor and the quantity of shoes produced by a firm. Given the information in the table below, at which point do diminishing marginal returns set in?Labor (Pairs of shoes)0 01 202 503 754 805 75a.Between the first and second units of labor.b.between the third and fourth units of labor.c.before the first unit of labor.d.between the second and third units of labor.e.between the fourth and fifth units of labor.
The point where diminishing marginal returns set in is d. between the second and third units of labor.
What is diminishing marginal returns ?The concept of diminishing marginal returns asserts that the marginal gains obtained from incorporating more units of a variable factor (for instance, manpower or funding) into a constant factor (such as machinery or real estate) will eventually decline.
The diminishing marginal returns at the 2 nd unit was :
= Pairs of shoes at 2 labor - pairs of shoes at 1
= 50 - 20
= 30
The diminishing marginal returns at the 3rd unit was :
= 75 - 50
= 25 pairs of shoes
This shows that between the 2 nd and 3 rd units of labor, the marginal returns began diminishing.
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Molina Corporation issues 5000, 10-year, 8%, $1000 bonds dated January 1, 2017, at 103. The journal entry to record the issuance will show a
Molina Corporation issues 5000, 10-year, 8%, $1000 bonds dated January 1, 2017, at 103. The journal entry to record the issuance of Molina Corporation's 5000, 10-year, 8%, $1000 bonds dated January 1, 2017, at 103 will show a Debit to Cash: $5,150,000, Credit to Bonds Payable: $5,000,000 and Credit to Premium on Bonds Payable: $150,000.
The journal entry reflects the fact that the company received cash of $5,150,000 for issuing $5,000,000 in bonds, resulting in a $150,000 premium on the bonds payable. This premium represents the excess of the price paid by the investors over the face value of the bonds and will be amortized over the life of the bonds as a reduction in interest expense.
Debit: Cash = $5,150,000 (5000 x $1000 x 1.03)Credit: Bonds Payable = $5,000,000 (5000 x $1000)Credit: Premium on Bonds Payable = $150,000 (difference between cash received and the face value of bonds)This entry records the issuance of the bonds, reflecting the receipt of cash, the liability for the bonds payable, and the premium on bonds payable due to the bonds being issued at a price above their face value (103%).
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all of the following are reported as current liabilities except group of answer choices accounts payable. bonds payable. notes payable. unearned revenues.
All of the following are reported as current liabilities except bonds payable. Bonds payable are long-term liabilities that have a maturity date of more than one year from the balance sheet date. Therefore, the correct answer is option b.
Bonds payable is not reported as a current liability on the balance sheet. The other answer options are all current liabilities, which means they are expected to be paid within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer.
Accounts payable are amounts owed to suppliers for goods or services received but not yet paid for. Notes payable are short-term loans that the company has taken from banks or other financial institutions.
Unearned revenues are payments received from customers for goods or services that have not yet been provided. It is important for a company to accurately report its current liabilities as they are a measure of the company's short-term financial obligations.
This information is useful for potential lenders and investors in evaluating a company's liquidity and financial health. Therefore, the correct answer is option b.
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When policymakers make decisions in response to a pre-specified rule, they are undertaking A) active policy B) discretionary policy. C) passive policy. D) irrational policy
When policymakers make decisions in response to a pre-specified rule, they are undertaking C) passive policy.
Passive policy refers to when policymakers follow pre-specified rules or guidelines when making decisions. This means that they are not actively seeking out solutions or making discretionary choices based on their own judgment, but rather relying on pre-existing guidelines.
The different types of policy, such as active and discretionary policy. Active policy refers to when policymakers take action to influence economic outcomes, such as changing interest rates or implementing new regulations. Discretionary policy involves making decisions based on judgment and analysis of current economic conditions, rather than following pre-specified rules. However, in this case, the question specifically mentions a pre-specified rule, indicating that the correct answer is passive policy. Finally, irrational policy would refer to decisions made without sound reasoning or based on faulty assumptions, which is not mentioned in the question.When policymakers make decisions in response to a pre-specified rule, they are undertaking a passive policy. A passive policy involves making decisions based on predetermined rules, while an active policy involves adjusting and responding to current economic conditions. Discretionary policy allows policymakers to make decisions on a case-by-case basis, and an irrational policy is not a standard term used in economics.
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More retail stores decide to install systems where customers can self-order and self-checkout. This change is likely to _____ the demand for labor and _____ the equilibrium wage paid to workers.O increase: decrease
O decrease: decrease
O decrease: increase
O increase: increase
More retail stores deciding to install systems where customers can self-order and self-checkout is likely to decrease the demand for labor and decrease the equilibrium wage paid to workers. Hence. the correct answer is C. decrease, decrease.
Retail stores are physical establishments where products or services are sold directly to customers. These stores can be small or large, and may specialize in specific types of merchandise, such as clothing, electronics, or groceries. Retail stores may be part of a larger chain or franchise, or they may be independently owned and operated. As retail stores implement these automated systems, they require fewer employees to manage customer orders and checkouts. This leads to a reduced demand for labor in the retail sector. With less demand for labor, the equilibrium wage paid to workers is also likely to decrease, as businesses can now afford to offer lower wages due to the reduced competition for available jobs.
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. Gain realized on a like-kind exchange is excluded from income in all of the following circumstances except:
A.
When boot is given.
B.
When boot is received.
C.
When a liability is assumed.
D.
Both b and c.
The correct answer for your question is: D. Both B and C. Gain realized on a like-kind exchange is excluded from income in most circumstances.
However, there are exceptions where gains are not excluded from income. This means that gain realized on a like-kind exchange is NOT excluded from income when: B. Boot is received: If a taxpayer receives "boot," which is any additional property or cash received in the exchange that is not considered like-kind, the gain must be recognized as income to the extent of the boot received. C. When a liability is assumed: If a taxpayer assumes a liability in the exchange, such as taking on a mortgage or loan, the gain may be recognized as income to the extent of the difference between the liability assumed and the liability given up.
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andy deposits $100 of currency in his checking account. what effect does this transaction have on m1?
When Andy deposits $100 of currency in his checking account, there is no change in the M1 money supply. M1 is the measure of the money supply that includes physical currency, traveler's checks, demand deposits, and other checkable deposits. Andy's deposit only involves a transfer of physical currency into a demand deposit in his checking account, which is still considered a part of M1.
In other words, the total amount of money in M1 remains the same. The only change is in the composition of M1, as $100 of currency is replaced by a $100 demand deposit. However, it is important to note that Andy's deposit could potentially lead to an increase in the broader money supply, such as M2 or M3, in case the bank decides to lend out some of the deposited funds. This is because banks create money when they make loans, effectively increasing the money supply.
So Overall, Andy's deposit only affects M1 in terms of its composition and does not directly impact the total amount of money in the M1 money supply.
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Randy and Sharon are retiring. Their attorney advised each of them to transfer to both of their children (Gerald and Shelia) and each of their 8 grandchildren (Eric, Stanley, Kyle, Kenny, Bebe, Butters, Timmy, and Jimmy) a total of $30,000 per year ($15,000 from Randy and $15,000 from Sharon). This means that each year, Randy and Sharon can "gift" to their family members a total of $300,000. Why would their attorney suggest that Randy and Sharon give away their assets in such a manner? 1) Because the tax bracket that Randy and Sharon's children fall into is smaller than Randy and Sharon's tax bracket; therefore, their children will pay fewer taxes on this income than if they waited until Randy and Sharon were deceased to receive the income. 2) Because their attorney knows that they can each legally gift $15,000 to any one that they choose each year-tax free. 3) Because their attorney is an unscrupulous evil-doer who thinks only of herself. She knows that she will receive a huge commission check from this transfer each year so she advises them to transfer this money each year. 4) Because Randy and Sharon are retired and are in a lower tax bracket than their children so Randy and Sharon will benefit by paying the gift tax based on their tax brackets instead of their children's tax bracket, which is much higher.
Therefore, gifting their assets in such a manner will help reduce the tax implications for their family members and will ensure that they receive the assets while Randy and Sharon are alive.
The attorney advised Randy and Sharon to gift a total of $300,000 per year to their family members because it has certain benefits. Firstly, their children and grandchildren fall into a lower tax bracket than Randy and Sharon, which means that they will pay fewer taxes on the income they receive. Secondly, Randy and Sharon can legally gift $15,000 to any one person per year without paying any gift tax. This means that they can gift this amount to each of their children and grandchildren without any tax implications. Lastly, as Randy and Sharon are retired and in a lower tax bracket, they will benefit by paying the gift tax based on their tax bracket instead of their children's tax bracket, which is much higher.
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Read the case of Waters v. Min Ltd, a 1992 Massachusetts case summarized in the text – and the full case can be found at 587 NE 2d 231. Based on the holding in that case – how would you expect the following case to be decided?Jon (age 85) is suffering from dementia. He still lives in his long-time home, which is worth $500,000. His neighbor Bill comes over, and gets Jon to sign an agreement to sell his house to Bill for $50,000, and gets Jon to sign a deed to transfer the title to Bill. Jon does not remember signing anything. Jon’s son, Donald, goes to court to try to get a judge to "void" the sale. What will probably happen?a. The judge will enforce the contract and deed, because it was signed by Jon. B. The judge will declare the agreement "void" and rule that the deed is not valid under the circumstances. C. The judge will re-write the agreement, with a new price of $500,000, and force Bill to pay the full price
Based on the holding in the Waters v. Min Ltd case, it is likely that option B will occur. The judge will declare the agreement "void" and rule that the deed is not valid under the circumstances.
In Waters v. Min Ltd, the court determined that a contract could be declared void if one party lacked the mental capacity to understand the consequences of their actions.
In this scenario, Jon, suffering from dementia, does not remember signing the agreement or transferring the title. Given his condition, it is reasonable to argue that he lacked the mental capacity to fully comprehend the agreement and its implications. Therefore, the court would likely rule in favor of Jon's son, Donald, and declare the sale void, rendering the deed invalid.
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