Answer:
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
NOx is a collective term used to refer to two species of oxides of nitrogen: nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
Annual mean concentrations of NO2 in urban areas are generally in the range 10-45 ppb (20-90 µgm-3). Levels vary significantly throughout the day, with peaks generally occurring twice daily as a consequence of "rush hour" traffic. Maximum daily and one hourly means can be as high as 200 ppb (400 µgm-3) and 600 ppb (1200 µgm-3) respectively.
Globally, quantities of nitrogen oxides produced naturally (by bacterial and volcanic action and lightning) far outweigh anthropogenic (man-made) emissions. Anthropogenic emissions are mainly due to fossil fuel combustion from both stationary sources, i.e. power generation (21%), and mobile sources, i.e. transport (44%). Other atmospheric contributions come from non-combustion processes, for example nitric acid manufacture, welding processes and the use of explosives.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
SO2 is a colourless gas. It reacts on the surface of a variety of airborne solid particles, is soluble in water and can be oxidised within airborne water droplets.
Annual mean concentrations in most major UK cities are now well below 35 ppb (100 µgm-3) with typical mean values in the range of 5-20 ppb (15-50 µgm-3). Hourly peak values can be 400-750 ppb (1000-2000 µgm-3) on infrequent occasions. Natural background levels are about 2 ppb (5 µgm-3).
The most important sources of SO2 are fossil fuel combustion, smelting, manufacture of sulphuric acid, conversion of wood pulp to paper, incineration of refuse and production of elemental sulphur. Coal burning is the single largest man-made source of SO2 accounting for about 50% of annual global emissions, with oil burning accounting for a further 25-30%.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon Monoxide is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas that is slightly lighter than air.
Natural background levels of CO fall in the range of 10-200 ppb. Levels in urban areas are highly variable, depending upon weather conditions and traffic density. 8-hour mean values are generally less than 10 ppm (12 mgm-3) but have been known to be as high as 500 ppm (600 mgm-3).
CO is an intermediate product through which all carbon species must pass when combusted in oxygen (O2). In the presence of an adequate supply of O2 most CO produced during combustion is immediately oxidised to carbon dioxide (CO2). However, this is not the case in spark ignition engines, especially under idling and deceleration conditions. Thus, the major source of atmospheric CO is the spark ignition combustion engine. Smaller contributions come from processes involving the combustion of organic matter, for example in power stations and waste incineration.
Ozone (O3)
O3 is the tri-atomic form of molecular oxygen. It is a strong oxidising agent, and hence highly reactive.
Background levels of O3 in Europe are usually less than 15 ppb but can be as 100 ppb during summer time photochemical smog episodes. In the UK ozone occurs in higher concentrations during summer than winter, in the south rather than the north and in rural rather than urban areas.
Most O3 in the troposphere (lower atmosphere) is formed indirectly by the action of sunlight on nitrogen dioxide - there are no direct emissions of O3 to the atmosphere. About 10 - 15% of tropospheric O3 is transported from the stratosphere where it is formed by the action of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on O2. In addition to O3, photochemical reactions involving sunlight produce a number of oxidants including peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, as well as secondary aldehydes, formic acid, fine particulates and an array of short lived radicals. As a result of the various reactions that take place, O3 tends to build up downwind of urban centres where most of NOx is emitted from vehicles.
Explanation:
1
How many significant figures are there in 9,000,500 mL?
What’s the phase change to solid to gas
CONCLUS Your conclusion will include a summary of the lab results and an interpretalion of the results. Please answer al questions in complele sentences using your own words Using two to three sentences, summarize what you investigated and observed in this lab What I observed in this lab was what materials to use for different things. I also learned how to make things sturdier. 2 What building malerial did you use to build your house? My house is made.autof brick and/or clay brick and wood. 3 Did your results support or fail to support your hypotheses? Type Here IN 4 What were the densities of the malerials you chose for the was ond floor for the home in Thy Worlar Type Here Why do you think a building material's density is important when building homes or architectural structures? Type Here Why wouldn't you choose wood or aluminium for the lalches on your house? Type Here Help Improve Office Notes
Answer:
Here’s the answer
Explanation:
Which of these features of Earth's crust are caused by the shifting of tectonic plates?
A
mid-ocean ridges
B
desert sand dunes
С
arctic glaciers
D
continental shelves
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to tectonic plates. Therefore, the correct option is option A among all the given options.
What is tectonic plates?The lithosphere, which includes the crust and topmost mantle, is divided into portions by tectonic plates. Numerous dangers, including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis, are caused by the relative movement of tectonic plates.
Because of the makeup of the rocks inside the plates, tectonic plates can float on the mantle. This reduces their density relative to the mantle. Granite rock, which contains quartz, feldspar, as well as other relatively light materials mostly comprised of silicon and aluminum, makes up the continental crust. Mid-ocean ridges, earth's crust are caused by the shifting of tectonic plates.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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HELPPPP!
can we manufacture water? why or why not
Answer:
No because water needs to have no salt
Explanation:
what is strong interaction in atoms
Answer:
Alternative Titles: nuclear force, strong interaction, strong nuclear force. Strong force, a fundamental interaction of nature that acts between subatomic particles of matter. The strong force binds quarks together in clusters to make more-familiar subatomic particles, such as protons and neutrons.
Mass is usually measured in grams and
Your bedroom air conditioner blows very cold air at night but only cool air during the day. Your bedroom gets lots of direct sunlight all day long. What's the hypothesis and experiment.
What is the experiment
Why was cowpox not deadly as smallpox?
ANYONE WHO ANSWERS THIS GETS BRAINLIEST ANSWER
All atoms that react
Answer: Electrons
Explanation:
You are measuring the effects of salt on water's ability to freeze. To one of your water samples, you add sodium chloride (NaCl, or salt). In this solution, which part is the solvent?
Question 8 options:
Water
NaCl
Both
Neither
Answer:
water
water is the worlds best solvent cause it can melt many different things also it is called the "Universal Solvent"
Cathy is reading a science article about exercise. She learns that exercise
causes a person to breathe faster. The next part of the article has the title
"Heart Rate." In that part of the article, Cathy is sure she'll read about how
exercise causes the heart to beat faster. What active reading strategy is
Cathy using?
A. Monitoring and applying fix-up strategies
O B. Summarizing
O C. Making predictions
D. Making mental images
Which statement describes a chemical property that many elements might share?
A. bonds easily with oxygen in the air
B. boils between 90°C and 100°C
C. shines when polished
D. floats in water
ANSWER:
I think its B.
HELP PLEASE!!!
Which best represents the law of conservation of mass?
A- mass of reactants > mass of products
B- mass of reactants < mass of products
C- mass of reactants = mass of products
D- mass of reactants -> mass of products
Answer:
c
Explanation:
the input of the mass is always equal to the mass of the outputs
Answer:
The correct answer is C
Explanation:
I did C like they said and it was correct!
How do protons, neutrons, and electrons differ in terms of their electrical charges and
locations within the atom?
Answer:
Protons and Neutrons are large particles and are densely compacted into the nucleus of the atom. Protons are electrochemically positive in charge and the Neutrons are electrochemically neutral in charge. ... Electrons are electrochemically negatively charged particles that move random around the nucleus
Explanation:
Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral and they both are located in the nucleus whereas electrons are negatively charged and located outside the nucleus.
Explanation:
Atom is defined as the smallest unit of a matter.It consists of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons.Protons and neutrons are located inside the nucleus. They are also known as nucleonsElectrons are located outside the nucleus.Protons carry a positive charge, electrons carry a negative charge, and neutrons carry no charge (neutral).So from this, we conclude that the protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral and they both are located in the nucleus whereas electrons are negatively charged and located outside the nucleus
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Silus wants to monitor the temperature of a reaction every 0.5 seconds for 30 minutes. He plans to generate a graph of the temperature values over time and insert the graph into a text document. Which pair of tools would be best for Silus to use?
Answer:
an electronic temperature probe and a computer
please help me with answering this question :( asap!!
Answer:
32. CnH2n+2
33. Ester
34. Water and corbondioxide.
35. dibromoethane
Imagine a friend is planning a rock-climbing trip. Write a note in the box explaining how gas exchange is affected at the top of a mountain, where air pressure is lower and there is less oxygen than at lower altitudes.
Answer:
Air is less dense on a mountaintop than at sea level.
Air pressure is lower at low altitudes.
As you climb a mountain, air pressure increases.
More force pushes on the air at the bottom of an air column.
As you descend a mountain, air molecules are closer together.
Explanation:
Help Plzzzzzz!!!!!!!
What is the difference between magma and lava?
A Magma is molten rock within the earth; lava is molten rock on the earth's surface.
B Magma is cool, lava is very hot.
Magma is very hot, lava is cool.
D Magma is molten rock on the earth's surface; lava is molten rock within the earth.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
your welcome have a great day.
Convert 1200 grams to kilograms.
a glass of.water contains 500g of liquid and 500 ml of liquid what is the density
Answer:
Explanation:
density=mass/volume
density=500/500
=1g/ml
What is the charge of a carbon ion that has gained 4 electrons?
Answer:
Negative
Explanation:
Any atom gaining electrons will get a negative change since the charge of the electron is negative.
A student places 1.38g of unknown metal at 99.6C into 60.50g of water at 22.1C. The entire system reaches a uniform temperature at 31.6C. Calculate the specific heat of the metal
Explanation:
Heat energy lost by metal = Heat energy gained by water.
(0.00138kg) * c * (99.6-31.6) = (0.006050kg) * 4.148 * (31.6-22.1)
c = 2.541J/kg°C
is carbon dioxide gas an element or a compound
Answer:
Carbon Dioxide gas is a compound.
Ex of physical Properties
Which property is a physical property?
A:malleable
B:becomes moldy quickly
C:easy to digest
D:does not burn
Answer:
The answer is B. Becomes moldy quickly.
Explanation:
This is the most logical answer out of all of them an I took the test.
If you were running an experiment to determine the temperature at which
beans grow the fastest, what would be the dependent variable?*
The number of beans you plant.
The height of the sprouts you grow.
The amount of water you give the beans.
The temperature at which each bean is kept.
Answer:
Well, it would be the height of the plant. The independant varibles would be the amount of water you give the beans or the temperature you keep them!
Explanation:
I hope this helps!
a beaker contains 0.250 l of liquid. a student pours 0.00385 L of liquid out of the beaker. How much liquid remains in the beaker? choose the value reported with the correct number of significant figures
Answer:
The volume of the liquid remaining in the beaker is 0.24615 l
Explanation:
The initial volume of liquid in the beaker = 0.250 l
The volume of liquid the student pours out of the beaker = 0.00385 l
The volume of liquid remaining in the beaker, V, is given as follows;
V = The initial volume of liquid in the beaker - The volume of liquid the student pours out of the beaker
Therefore, we have;
V = 0.250 l - 0.00385 l = 0.24615 l
The volume of the liquid remaining in the beaker is 0.24615 l.
how many grams are equal to 413 kg
Answer:
413,000 grams
Explanation:
Answer:
413,000
Explanation: That's because 1 kg equals to 1,000 grams.
A proton and a neutron are each close to a positive nucleus.
How does the charge on the nucleus affect the proton and the neutron, if at all?
A The neutron is attracted; the proton is repelled.
B The neutron is not affected; the proton is repelled.
C The proton is attracted; the neutron is repelled.
D The proton is not
Answer : The same charges will repel, since all protons are positively charged they will all repel so protons will repel. Neutrons don’t carry a charge so they can’t be repelled
So the answer is B: the neutron is not affected; the proton is repelled
Answer:
B
because the proton is positively charged and like charges repel, the neutron doesn't have a charge so nothing happens to it
Wait you wrote the answer in the question??
The way charge on the nucleus affect the proton and the neutron, if at all is the neutron is not affected; the proton is repelled.
What is electric charge?Electric charge refer to the physical property of a particle which direct or influence how it react to electric or magnetic force acting on it.
Therefore, The way charge on the nucleus affect the proton and the neutron, if at all is the neutron is not affected; the proton is repelled.
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