Answer:
Corporate Control and Agency Problems
For instance, Mr. Jones has a business in Mexico and hires professional managers, but he cannot be there to control their actions always. There are lots of agency problems because of the conflict of interests that is prevalent and the inexistence of goal congruence.
His corporate managers are his agents, as the stockholder. However, most times, these managers do not run the businesses they are entrusted with fiduciary duties in the best interests of Mr. Jones or the principals who appointed them to the positions. They carry out their own agendas and try to satisfy their selfish interests.
Explanation:
Is there any wonder Mr. Jones' business in Mexico is exposed to agency problems? The managers who are your agents will never, at all times, protect your interests in the business. They try as much as possible to satisfy their own interests. Where there is no goal congruence, managers will always expose their principals to agency problems. To curtail these problems, Mr. Jones and the other stockholders must devise means to align the interests of the managers with those of the stockholders. One of the ways of achieving this is through stock compensation and the limitation of compensation in cash.
Refer to the HR Reports in the Inquirer. Through past investments in recruiting and training Chester has obtained a productivity index of 109.4%. This means that Chester's labor costs would be increased by 9.4% if it did not have these productivity improvements. This is a competitive advantage that Chester can sustain or even widen further if its competitors have no HR initiatives. Now, refer to the Income Statement in Chester's Annual Report. How much did Chester's productivity improvements save it in direct labor costs (in thousands) last year?
a) $3,143
b) $3,065
c) $29,809
d) $821
Note:
I wasn't able to access the Chester Income Statement but I successfully accessed a similar question Digby.
The Complete Question is as under:
Refer to the HR Reports in the Inquirer. Through past investments in recruiting and training Digby has obtained a productivity index of 109.6%. This means that Digby's labor costs would be increased by 9.6% if it did not have these productivity improvements. This is a competitive advantage that Digby can sustain or even widen further if its competitors have no HR initiatives. Now, refer to the Income Statement in Digby's Annual Report. How much did Digby's productivity improvements save it in direct labor costs (in thousands) last year?
A. $766
B. $29818
C. $3137
D. $3211
Answer:
Option D. $3,137
Explanation:
The Productivity Index of 9.6% shows that if the improvement plan is implemented then the efficiency gains would result in saving of 9.6% of total direct cost. So if we total the direct cost for the year for all of the four products then we have an amount of $32,680 which is given at the second last column.
The amount saved last year would be:
Savings = $32,680 * 9.6% = $3,137
Hence the option C is correct here.
What are the portfolio weights for a portfolio that has 134 shares of Stock A that sell for $44 per share and 114 shares of Stock B that sell for $34 per share? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 4 decimal places, e.g., .1616.)
Answer:
Weight of stock A = 60.33%
Weight of stock B= 39.66%
Explanation:
Stock A has 134 shares that is sold at $44
Stock B has 114 shares that is sold at $34
The total market value of stock A can be calculated as follows
= 134×44
= 5,896
The total market value of stock B can be calculated as follows
= 114×34
= 3,876
Total value of both stocks = 5,896+3,876
= 9,772
Therefore the weights of the portfolio can be calculated as follows
Weight of stock A = 5896/9772
= 0.603×100
= 60.33%
Weight of stock B
= 3876/9772
= 0.3966×100
= 39.66%
Which of the following would be most likely to hedge using foreign currency options?
A. Public Utility
B. Public Sewage company
C. Tool and Die company
D. Railroad company
Answer:
C
Explanation:
If a Municipal Finance Professional gives more than $250 to an elected official's campaign in which the MFP is entitled to vote, then the:__________
Answer: municipal securities firm which employ the MFP will be banned for 2 years from having any dealings in business involving municipal securities with that issuer.
Explanation:
It should be noted that the maximum amount that an MFP can give to the campaign of an elected official whereby the MFP can vote is $250.
Therefore, when a Municipal Finance Professional gives more than $250 to an elected official's campaign in which the MFP is entitled to vote, then the municipal securities firm which employ the MFP will be banned for 2 years from having any dealings in business involving municipal securities with that issuer.
A company issued 260 shares of $100 par value common stock for $31,000 cash. The total amount of paid-in capital in excess of par is:
Answer:
The total amount of paid-in capital in excess of par is: $5,000.
Explanation:
When Common Stocks are classified as par value Stocks, any price paid in excess of the par value of the Stock is accounted for in the Share Premium account.
Here is the Summary of the Transaction provided.
Common Stocks : 260 shares × $100 = $26,000
Paid-in capital in excess of par : $31,000 - $26,000 = $5,000
Preparing a statement of retained earnings
Kelly May Bakery, Inc. reported a prior-period adjustment in 2018. An accounting error caused net income of prior years to be overstated by $1,000. Retained Earnings at December 31, 2017, as previously reported, was $48,000. Net income for 2018 was $74,000, and dividends declared were $28,000. Prepare the company’s statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Answer:
Retained earnings at December 31, 2018 is $93,000
Explanation:
Adjusted retained earnings at December 31, 2018 is calculated as
= Retained earnings in December 2017 - Over stated amount
= $48,000 - $1,000
= $47,000
Retained earnings for 2018 is calculated as;
= Net income - Dividend
= $74,000 - $28,000
= $46,000
Therefore,
Kelly May Bakery, Inc.'s statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018
Adjusted retained earnings at December 31, 2017 $47,000
Retained earnings for 2018.
$46,000
Retained earnings at December 31, 2018
$93,000
Answer:
Retained Earnings, January 1, 2018 as originally reported 48,000
Prior period adjustment (1,000)
Retained Earnings, January 1, 2018 as adjusted 47,000
Net Income for the year 74,000
121,000
Dividends declared (28,000)
Retained Earnings, December 31, 2018 93,000
Explanation:
Retained Earnings at the end of 2017 (12/31/17) was 48,000 before error was noticed. So, originally reported would be 48,000 and if you ended 2017 with 48,000- you start 2018 with 48,000.
Prior period adjustment is the error that was reported, overstated by 1,000 means they were a 1000 over so that amount needs to be deducted. 48,000 - 1,000 = 47,000
Thus 47,000 is the adjusted retained earnings for (01//01/18)
Net Income (74,000) + Adjusted retained earnings (47,000) = 121,000
subtracts dividends declared because that'll be what you pay stockholders...
121,000-28,000=93,000
Answer for end of the year retained earnings is 93,000
Check Figure is 93,000
Some experts believe that the growth in e-commerce will cause states and local governments to lose tax revenue, unless Internet transactions are subject to sales tax. What is one argument that supports this view
Answer:
There are no options listed, but the most common argument used by state governments that want to tax internet sales is that at least half of the participants of the transaction live in their state. E.g. Amazon is based in the state of Washington, but it is actually incorporated in Delaware (like most corporations). But considering Delaware's small population, most of the people who purchase things on Amazon live someone else. The buyers' home states argue that since buyer doesn't live on Delaware, instead they live on New York, California, Texas, Georgia, or wherever, the sale actually took place on their state and not in Delaware. You might agree with this or not, but it is almost certain that the buyer lives somewhere else.
Why does the self-correcting mechanism stop working when the policy rate hits the zero lower bound?
The available options
A. The self-correcting mechanism stops working because the falling inflation produced by a negative output gap produces higher rather than lower real interest rates when the policy rate hits the zero lower bound, and this increase depresses planned spending and further widens the output gap.
B. The self-correcting mechanism stops working because the falling inflation produced by a negative output gap produces lower rather than higher real interest rates when the policy rate hits the zero lower bound, and this decrease depresses saving and investment and therefore further widens the output gap.
C. The self-correcting mechanism stops working because the rising inflation produced by a negative output gap produces lower rather than higher real interest rates when the policy rate hits the zero lower bound, and this decrease depresses planned spending and further widens the output gap.
D. The self-correcting mechanism stops working because the rising inflation produced by a positive output gap produces lower rather than higher real interest rates when the policy rate hits the zero lower bound, and this decrease enhances planned spending and further widens the output gap.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
For a given situation in the question above the correct answer is Option A, which is: The self-correcting mechanism stops working because the falling inflation produced by a negative output gap produces higher rather than lower real interest rates when the policy rate hits the zero lower bound, and this increase depresses planned spending and further widens the output gap.
The sales life cycle has three phases: early, growth, and maturity. The appropriate performance measures for the growth phase include:
Answer:
The answer is profitability and asset management
Explanation:
At growth stage, business experiences a rapid ncrease in demand in the company's products.
The appropriate performance measures for the this phase is:
1. Profitability: Profitability is important are because at growth stage a company should witness higher profit because it has moved away from early stage where the product was unknown but now that the company been known and it is increasing in its product's demand.
2. Asset management is the process by which a business is managing its assets to generate Profit. Profitability is also linked with profitability
You have $100,000 to invest in a portfolio containing Stock X and Stock Y. Your goal is to create a portfolio that has an expected return of 12.7 percent. Stock X has an expected return of 11.4 percent and a beta of 1.25, and Stock Y has an expected return of 8.68 percent and a beta of .85. a. How much money will you invest in Stock Y
Answer:
12.7% = X(11.4%) + Y(8.68%)
y = 1 - X
0.127 = 0.114X + 0.0868(1 - X)
0.127 = 0.114X + 0.0868 - 0.0868X
0.0402 = 0.0272X
X = 0.0402 / 0.0272 = 1.478
Y = 1 - 1.478 = -0.478
Y = -0.478 x $100,000 = -$47,800
Since value for Y is negative, it means that you must short sell the stock, i.e. borrow the stock, sell it, and then repurchase it later at a lower price.
What is the correlation coefficient of the relationship between the average weekly hours spent studying and the score on the final exam?
0.5049 is the Multiple R value. Remember that for single variable linear regression, Multiple R, which is the square root of R2, is equal to the absolute value of the correlation coefficient. The regression coefficient for Average Weekly Hours Studying (0.03, as shown in the bottom table of the output) is positive, so the slope is of the regression line is positive. Therefore, the correlation coefficient must also be positive.
Answer:
hello some parts of the question is missing attached below is the missing part
answer : Multiple R = 0.5049 (correlation coefficient )
Explanation:
The correlation coefficient of the relationship between the average weekly hours spent studying and the score on the final exam can be determined/calculated via the relationship between the average weekly hours spent studying and the score of the final exam.
To find the correlation coefficient we will find the square root of R squared
[tex]\sqrt{R - SQUARED } = \sqrt{0.2549} =[/tex] 05049
Which of the following would not be an operations maangement function in a fast food restaurant?
a. making hamburgers and fries.
b. advertising and promotion.
c. maintaining equipment.
d. designing the layout of the facility.
e. purchasing ingredients.
Answer:
b. advertising and promotion
Explanation:
All process required to produce the product are part of operation and this includes making, designing the layout of the facility, purchasing ingredients an maintaining equipment.
The marketing and promotions lies with the Sales and Distribution Function or Marketing Function of the fast food restaurant.
Under MSRB rules, any claim, dispute, or controversy shall be submitted to arbitration at the instance of a:______.
1. broker-dealer against another broker-dealer.
2. customer against a broker-dealer.
3. broker-dealer against a customer who has previously signed an arbitration agreement.
4. broker-dealer against a customer who has not previously signed an arbitration agreement.
a. 2 only.
b. 3 and 4.
c. 1, 2, 3.
d. 1, 2, 3, 4.
Answer: C. 1,2,3
Explanation:
Under MSRB rules, any claim, dispute, or controversy shall be submitted to arbitration at the instance of a:
• broker-dealer against another broker-dealer.
• customer against a broker-dealer.
• broker-dealer against a customer who has previously signed an arbitration agreement.
Therefore, based on the above scenario, the correct option is C.
Discuss decision making under conditions of uncertainty, specifically using expected monetary value
Answer with Explanation:
The decision making under the conditions of uncertainty:
Uncertainty is an unquantifiable outcome of a decision that can not be mathematically modeled whereas risk is a quantifiable outcome of a decision that can be mathematically modeled.
The expected value method helps in decision making related to uncertainty are making prudent estimates of cash flow by using expected value.
Expected value considers every outcome under uncertainty and computes all of the expected value for each outcome. The outcome that gives highest expected value is said to be best case and likewise the outcome that gives lowest expected value is said to be worst case.
Suppose that two projects gives the same expected value, then the decision will be based on the degree of uncertainty which means the project that has lowest uncertainty of returns will be our choice.
The deviation of the expected value from required return on a project can be measured as a Degree of uncertainty that helps in understanding to what extent the return will be not as per the expectation. The Precise Measurement of uncertainty can be calculated by inclusion of standard deviation to estimate expected value of the decision taken.
The expected money value is the monetary value that a particular decision will generate. In expected monetary value the decision is based on the weighted average of best case and worst case. The value derived is average thus the standard deviation would be very low which means that the calculation was precise. Decision trees are used in precise measurement of cash flow related to each expected outcome and deriving a weighted average value.
MW Company manufactures down-filled comforters and uses an activity-based costing system. During the current period, the company expects to produce 16,500 down-filled comforters using 19,800 direct labor hours and 21,450 machine hours. Additionally, it expects to make 660 orders of down and fabric and to ship 165 completed comforters to its distributors. The order-processing cost pool is $54,120, the shipping cost pool is $14,025, and the product assembly cost pool is $71,280. What is the activity rate for order processing?
Answer:
MW Company
Activity rate for order process = $54,120/660
= $82 per order
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Production = 16,500 units
Direct labor = 19,800 hours
Machine hours = 21,450 hours
No. of orders = 660
No. of shipments = 165
Order-processing cost pool = $54,120
Shipping cost pool = $14,025
Assembly cost pool = $71,280
Activity rate for order process = $54,120/660
= $82 per order
b) MW Company uses an activity-based costing system to identify its activities into cost pools and assign the cost of each activity pool to the products and services according to their actual consumption of the activities. The activity-based costing technique provides a more accurate method for determining the costs of products and services. As a more accurate method for pricing decisions than other traditional methods, activity-based costing technique increases management's understanding of overheads and cost drivers and makes activities that are costly and non-value adding to become more visible, allowing managers to reduce or eliminate them, because these activities add costs to the production system.
Inflation is 20 percent. Debt is $2 trillion. The nominal deficit is $300 billion. What is the real deficit or surplus
Answer:
Real deficit is -$100 billion.
Explanation:
Since we have a nominal deficit in the question, what we are to calculate is the real deficit.
The real deficit can be described as the actual or nominal deficit that has been adjusted for the effect of inflation on the debt. Therefore, the real deficit can be calculated using the following formula:
Real deficit = Nominal deficit - (Debt * Inflation rate) ................. (1)
From the question, we have:
Inflation rate = 20%
Debt = $2 trillion = $2,000,000,000,000
Nominal deficit = $300 billion = $300,000,000,000
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
Real deficit = $300,000,000,000 - ($2,000,000,000,000 * 20%)
Real deficit = $300,000,000,000 - $400,000,000,000 = -$100,000,000,000 = -$100 billion
Therefore, real deficit is -$100 billion.
Suppose the following transactions occur during the current year:_______. 1. Kevin orders 50 bottles of wine from a French distributor at a price of $30 per bottle. 2. A U.S. company sells 200 textbooks to a Canadian company at $45.00 per textbook. 3. Rajiv, a U.S. citizen, pays $1,500 for a laptop he orders from Microell (a U.S. company).Complete the following table by indicating how the combined effects of these transactions will be reflected in the U.S. national accounts for the current year.Hint: Remember to enter a minus sign when the balance is negative. Amount (Dollars) Consumption Investment Government Purchases Imports Exports Net Exports Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Answer and Explanation:
1. Consumption = Kevin's purchase of wine + Rajiv purchase of laptop
= 30 × 50 + 1,500
= 1,500 + 1,500
= $3,000
2. Investment = 0
3. Government purchase = 0
4. Imports = Kevin's purchase of wine = 30 × 50
= 1,500
5. Exports = US company selling to Canada = 45 × 200
= $9,000
6. Net exports = Exports - Imports
= $9,000 - $1,500
= $7,500
7. GDP = Consumption + Investment + Government spending + Net exports
= 3,000 + 0 + 0 + 7,500
= $10,500
Which type of writing is best for business letters Business letters should use A:descriptive Bflowery C:informal D:precise
Answer:
I would guess D precise
Answer:
precise (D)
Explanation:
The ability to use technology and commitment to stay informed on the latest technological developments is calledb
Answer:
Management of organizations
The present value of free cash flows is $15 million and the present value of the horizon value is $100 million. Calculate the present value of the business.
Answer:
$115 million
Explanation:
Calculation for the present value of the business.
Using this formula
Present value=Free cash flow+Horizon value
Where,
Free cash flow =$15 million
Horizon value=$100 million
Let plug in the formula
Present value=$15 million +$100 million
Present value=$115 million
Therefore the Present value of the business will be $115 million
The federal income tax law allows individuals whose property is destroyed by a natural disaster such as a fire or hurricane to reduce their taxable income by the amount of their financial loss. This rule is intended to improve the
Answer: Horizontal Equity of tax
Explanation:
The Horizontal equity of cash is a logic that people of similar assets and income should be paying the same taxes thereby encouraging tax neutrality.
A person whose property is destroyed by a natural disaster such as a fire or hurricane will see their tax paying ability diminished and so should be paying a tax that is reflective of their reduced number of assets and the money they will have to pay to replace it.
This step requires senior management to develop an image of a desired future state. It acts as an easy slogan to guide stakeholders' actions and decision making. Which of the following steps of Kotter's change model is best described by the given statement?a. Creating a visionb. Consolidating improvement and producing more changec. Communicating the visiond. Establishing a sense of urgencyself-directedunrealisticrealistic
Answer:
The statement to develop an image of a desired future state is Kotter's:
a. Creating a vision
Explanation:
Ordinarily, there are many change models. But for John Kotter, he has an integrated 8-step Change Model which details the series of steps one can take in order to alter the narrative in a company. The steps he enumerated are as follows:
"One: Create a sense of Urgency.
Two: Form a Powerful Coalition to support your change efforts.
Three: Create a Vision for Change, which defines the future destination.
Four: Communicate the Vision, without which, no lasting success can be achieved.
Five: Remove Obstacles on the way.
Six: Create Short-Term Wins. They are important for encouragement and sustainability of the moment.
Step Seven: Build on the Change. Do not allow slack to prevail.
Eight: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture and they will become entrenched and indispensable."
A cost center is a unit of a business that incurs costs but does not directly generate revenues. Which of the following would definitely not be considered a cost center?
A. Accounting department.
B. Purchasing department.
C. Research department
D. Advertising department.
Ash Company reported sales of $550,000 for Year 1, $600,000 for Year 2, and $650,000 for Year 3. Using Year 1 as the base year, what is the revenue trend percent for Years 2 and 3
Answer:
1. 109.1%
2. 118.2%
Explanation:
With regards to the above, since revenue is increasing and also since year 2 and year 3 have higher revenues than year 1,
Therefore,
Year 2 = ( $600,000 / $550,000 ) * 100
= 109.1%
Revenue trend percent for year 2 is 109.1%
Year 2 = ( $650,000 / $550,000) * 100
= 118.2%
Revenue trend percent for year 3 is 118.2%
As a source of financing, once retained earnings have been exhausted, the weighted average cost of capital will
Answer:
Increase
Explanation:
In the case when the retained earnings is exhausted, the company would face the challenge i.e. funds shortage. So to overcome this problem either firm could raise the finds with the help of debt or raise the new capital. Also in the case of funds shortage, there is a high risk that results in high returns and ultimately the weighted average cost of capital would increase
Assume that apples cost $0.50 in 2002 and $1 in 2009, whereas oranges cost $1 in 2002 and $1.50 in 2009. If 4 apples were produced in 2002 and 5 in 2009, whereas 3 oranges were produced in 2002 and 4 in 2009, then real GDP (in 2002 prices) in 2009 was: Group of answer choices
Answer:
$6.50
Explanation:
Gross domestic product is the total sum of final goods and services produced in an economy within a given period which is usually a year.
Real GDP is GDP calculated using base year prices. Real GDP has been adjusted for inflation.
Real GDP in 2009 = ($0.50 x 5) + ($1 x 4) = $6.50
The effect of convertible preferred stock on the computation of Diluted EPS is based on which method?
Available Options Are:
a. If Converted
b. Treasury Stock
c. Retroactive
d. Cumulative
Answer:
Option A. If Converted
Explanation:
The diluted Earnings Per Share helps in understanding the tailoring picture of the entity by assuming that all the convertibles are exercised. This assumption gives us understanding that how much in fact our shares are earning. This means the assumption is If Converted and the option A is correct.
Treasury Stock method deals with the generation of stock due to in the money warrants and share options which is not connected with the convertibles. Hence the option B is incorrect.
Option C is also incorrect because retroactive adjusted previous balances for the sake of changes in policies and this is for bringing fairness to the statement of financial statements. It means it is not concerned with converting convertibles into ordinary shares.
Option D is incorrect because the in this method the accumulating of earnings of the company by taking the difference of 2 openings Retained earnings with prior method and new method and the net effect is reported in the financial statements retrospectively as it is considered a change in policy. This means it is not connected with the convertibles assumption and the option D is incorrect.
A perpetuity has a PV of $ 29 comma 000. If the interest rate is 7%, how much will the perpetuity paid every year
Answer:
The perpetuity payment per year was $2030
Explanation:
A perpetuity is a series of cash flows that are constant, occur after equal intervals of time and are for infinite period of time or are perpetual. Thus, it is like and annuity but with an infinite time period. The formula for the present value of of perpetuity is,
PV of Perpetuity = Cash Flow / r
Where,
r is the required rate of returnAs we already know the present value of perpetuity and the required rate of return, we can input these values in the formula to calculate the annual perpetuity payment or cash flow.
29000 = Cash Flow / 0.07
29000 * 0.07 = Cash Flow
Cash Flow = $2030
In an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, the _____ component provides information on production costs and pricing.
Answer: manufacturing
Explanation:
In an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, the manufacturing component provides information on production costs and pricing.
Enterprise Resource Planning is the gathering and organization of business data by using an integrated software suite.
It should be noted that ERP software typically contains applications that helps in automating certain business functions such as sales quoting, production, accounting etc
Which individual would most likely be required to be registered as a representative of a broker-dealer
Answer:
C. "a sales assistant taking an order for a limited partnership unit".
Explanation:
Based on the answers choices provided, the correct answer would be C. "a sales assistant taking an order for a limited partnership unit". This is because choices A and D involve administrative personnel, and such personnel are not registered thus making them invalid. Answer B would not be correct either because the secretary is taking "messages" which are just information that needs to be passed to the authorized individual and not an "order" like in choice C.