Determine whether each of the following will increase or decrease the rate of a chemical reaction

The molarity is an important method which is used to determine the concentration of a solution. So the term molarity is also known as the concentration. Here the grams of Kr which occupies a volume of 42.6 mL is

The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per litre of the solution. Its unit is mol L⁻¹ and it is essential to calculate the concentration of a binary solution.

Here M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

M₂ = M₁V₁ /  V₂

25.7 mL = 0.0257 L

42.6 mL = 0.0426 L

M₂ =  5.10 × 0.0257 / 0.0426  = 3.076 g

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The partial pressure of O2 in the gas mixture is 7.91 atm.

Using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, the total number of moles of gas in the mixture would be:

Moles of N2 in the mixture = 0.270 x 0.560 = 0.1512 mol

Moles of CO2 in the mixture: n = PV/RT

                          = 0.350x2/0.0821 x273

                          = 0.00498 mol

Moles of O2 = Total moles - moles of N2 - moles of CO2

                     = 0.560 mol - 0.1512 mol - 0.00498 mol

                      = 0.404 mol

Now we can use the ideal gas law to find the partial pressure of O2:

P = nRT/V

  = (0.404)(0.0821)(273) / 2

  = 7.91 atm

Therefore, the partial pressure of O2 in the mixture is 7.91 atm.

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A chemical equation is balanced when the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

Step 1:

Write the unbalanced equation using the correct chemical formulas with reactant on the left-hand-side and product on the right-hand-side.

Step 2:

Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. This is done by simply writing the chemical formula for each molecule and multiplying the subscripts by the coefficient.

Step 3:

In case the number of atoms of each element is not equal on both sides, choose an element and adjust the coefficients to balance the number of atoms of that element on both sides.

Step 4:

Repeat step 3 for each element that is not balanced until the equation is balanced.

Step 5:

Check that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides and they should be balanced.

Please not that the coefficients are to be in simplest whole number ratio.

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The process of cellular respiration releases energy because the energy that is released when the bonds are formed in CO[tex]_2[/tex] and water is equal to the energy required to break the bonds of sugar and oxygen. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Cells turn sugars into energy through a process called cellular respiration. Cells need fuel or an electron acceptor to power the chemical process that converts energy into usable forms such as ATP along with additional kinds of energy that can be utilised to power cellular reactions.

All multicellular species, including eukaryotes, as well as certain single-celled organisms, generate energy by aerobic respiration. Utilising oxygen, which is the strongest electron acceptor found in nature, is called aerobic respiration. The process of cellular respiration releases energy because the energy that is released when the bonds are formed in CO[tex]_2[/tex] and water is equal to the energy required to break the bonds of sugar and oxygen.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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To test the hypothesis above, you changed the temperature of the solvent and measured the solubility of the solid.

The ability of a material, the solute, to combine with a different substance, the solvent, is known as solubility in chemistry. Insolubility, or the solute's inability to create such a solution, is the opposite attribute.

The amount of each of the solvent in a saturated solution—a solution that has reached the point where no more of the substance can be dissolved—is typically used to gauge the degree of a substance's solubility in a particular solvent. The two compounds are believed to be at the point of solubility equilibrium at this time. To test the hypothesis above, you changed the temperature of the solvent and measured the solubility of the solid.

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The total energy of a closed system is referred to as internal energy (U).

Thus, The system's kinetic energy and potential energy are added together to form internal energy.

When a reaction is operated at constant pressure, the change in internal energy (U) of a reaction is equal to the heat acquired or lost (enthalpy change) in a reaction.

An ideal gas' internal energy is a close representation of a system in the real world. In such a system, ideal gas particles are viewed as point objects that collide with each other in a perfectly elastic manner.

Thus, The total energy of a closed system is referred to as internal energy (U).

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The mass (in grams) of KNO₃ needed to prepare 554.49 mL of 4.85 M KNO₃ solution is 271.69 grams

First, we shall determine the mole of KNO₃. Details below:

Molarity = Mole / Volume

Cross multiply

Mole = molarity × volume

Mole of KNO₃ = 4.85 × 0.55449

Mole of KNO₃ = 2.69 moles

Finally, we shall determine the mass of KNO₃ needed. Details below:

Mass = Mole × molar mass

Mass of KNO₃ = 2.69 × 101

Mass of KNO₃ = 271.69 grams

Therefore, the mass of KNO₃ needed to prepare the solution is 271.69 grams

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The pressure required to contain 0.043 moles of nitrogen gas in a 2.2 L container at a temperature of 20°C is 0.47 atm, which is in Option C, as the Ideal Gas Law is a fundamental law of nature that relates the pressure, volume, number of moles, and temperature of a gas.

PV = nRT

where R= the gas constant, that is 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

Here, the number of moles of nitrogen gas (n = 0.043 mol), the volume of the container (V = 2.2 L), and the temperature (T = 20°C = 293 K).

P = nRT/V

P = (0.043 mol) x (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)) x (293 K) / (2.2 L)

P = 0.47 atm

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When a cylinder is filled to a volume of 3.50 L at 760 mmHg with chlorine gas. The volume of the gas if the pressure is changed to 50.0 kPa is 7.0924 L.

Boyle's law is generally a gas law which states that "a gas's pressure and volume are inversely proportional when the temperature is kept constant, as volume increases, pressure falls and vice versa".

Mathematically,

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

P₁ = 760 mmHg = 101.32 kPa

V₁ = 3.50 L

P₂ = 50 kPa

V₂ = ?

Substituting the values we get,

101.32 × 3.50 = 50 × V₂

⇒ V₂ = (101.32 × 3.50)/50

⇒ V₂ = 7.0924 L

Hence, the volume of the gas if the pressure is changed to 50.0 kPa is 7.0924 L.

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The solubility product of PbCl₂ is 2.374 x 10⁻⁴.

Copper bromide is more soluble than lead iodide.

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a known quantity of solvent at a certain temperature is its Solubility. This is the property that allows things like sugar molecules to dissolve in a cup of coffee. Water is known as a “universal solvent” because it can dissolve most substances but there are a few exceptions. The solubilty of a substance depends upon its Ksp ( solubility product)  value.

Given,

Solubility in g/L = 10.85

In moles/L = 10.85 ÷ 278

= 0.03901 moles/ L

Ksp = [Pb²⁺] [2Cl⁻]²

      = (0.03901) (2 × 0.03901)²

        =  2.374 x 10⁻⁴

Ksp is a measure of solubility of a  compound in water. The higher the Ksp, the more soluble the compound is. Thus, Ksp of copper bromide is greater than that of lead iodide and therefore, it is more soluble in water.

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Answer:

To solve this problem, we need to use stoichiometry, which is a way to relate the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

The balanced equation for the reaction of glucose (C6H12O6) with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of glucose, 6 moles of CO2 are produced. Therefore, we can calculate the amount of glucose produced from the given amount of CO2 as follows:

18.6 moles CO2 x (1 mole C6H12O6 / 6 moles CO2) = 3.10 moles C6H12O6

Now, we need to convert the amount of H2O given in grams to moles, using the molar mass of water:

2.38 x 102 g H2O x (1 mole H2O / 18.015 g H2O) = 13.2 moles H2O

From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of glucose, 6 moles of H2O are produced. Therefore, the amount of glucose produced from the given amount of H2O is:

13.2 moles H2O x (1 mole C6H12O6 / 6 moles H2O) = 2.20 moles C6H12O6

Therefore, the maximum amount of glucose that can be produced is 3.10 moles or 2.20 moles, depending on which reactant limits the reaction.

Explanation:

A balloon is filled with 500.0 mL of helium at a temperature of 27 degrees Celsius and 755 mmHg. 3.4 liters is the volume in milliliters will it have when it reaches an altitude where the temperature is -33 degree Celsius and the pressure is 0.65 atm.

A measurement of three-dimensional space is volume. It is frequently expressed in numerical form using SI-derived units or different imperial or US-standard units (such the gallon, quart, and cubic inch). Volume and length (cubed) have a symbiotic relationship.

The volume much a container is typically thought of as its capacity, not as the amount of space it takes up. In other words, the volume is the volume of fluid (liquid or gas) that the container may hold.

PV/T = constant

(755 x 500) / (27 + 273) = (494 x V) / (-33 + 273)

V = 3396 ml = 3.4 liters

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The Keq for the reaction will be 0.89.

The concentration of CO2 Will be 1.67M.

The equilibrium constant (Keq) for the reaction formulated as Keq = [H2O]^2 / ([H2]^2 [O2]), can be evaluated using the given concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen.

After applying both their respective quantities, we arrive at a calculated value of 0.89 for Keq. Moving on, to calculate the concentration of CO2 in the equation H2O (1) + CO2 (g) → H2CO3 (aq), where Keq = [H2CO3] / ([H2O] [CO₂]), having been supplied with a value of Keq equal to 0.15 and H2CO3 being at 0.25M, the rearranged expression reveals that [CO2] equals 1.67 M following basic algebraic substitution.

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A 200 g sample including calcium (Ca), reacts with the excess of hydrochloric acid.  If 4 g of hydrogen gas (H2) is produced, 36.3% is mass percent of calcium of sample.

The term mass percent is sometimes referred to as weight percent or w/w%. The total mass of every one of the atoms in a mole that makes up the compound is the molar mass. The total of all the individual percentages ought to equal 100 percent.

Check the last important number for rounding errors to ensure that the percentage add up. The relative amounts of the components in a compound of chemicals are described by their mass percent composition. Mass composition in percent is also referred to as mass percent. The symbol for it is w/w%.

Ca + HCl → CaCl[tex]_2[/tex]+ H[tex]_2[/tex]

moles of calcium = 200/ 40= 5 moles

moles of CaCl[tex]_2[/tex] = 5moles

mass of CaCl[tex]_2[/tex] = 5× 110.98= 550g

mass % of Ca = (200/550g )×  100=36.3%

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78.2g is the mass in grams of potassium chloride is produced if 21.0g of potassium metal.

A body's mass is an inherent quality. Prior to the discoveries of the atom as well as particle physics, it was widely considered to be tied to the amount of matter within a physical body. It was discovered that, despite having the same quantity of matter in theory.

Different atoms and elementary particles have varied masses. There are various conceptions of mass in contemporary physics that are theoretically different but physically equivalent.

2K + Cl[tex]_2[/tex] →2KCl

moles of K = 21.0/ 20=1.05 moles

according to stoichiometric ratio

moles of KCl = 1.05 moles

mass of KCl =  1.05×74.5

                    = 78.2g

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We can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2 to find the volume of the 2M NaCl stock solution needed to prepare 100 mL of 0.15M NaCl solution.

M1 = 2M (the concentration of the stock solution)

V1 = unknown (the volume of stock solution we need to use)

M2 = 0.15M (the desired concentration of the final solution)

V2 = 100mL (the volume of the final solution)

Plugging in the values, we get:

2M x V1 = 0.15M x 100mL

Simplifying, we get:

V1 = (0.15M x 100mL) / 2M

V1 = 7.5mL

Therefore, we need to use 7.5 mL of the 2M NaCl stock solution to prepare 100 mL of 0.15 M NaCl solution.

The correct answer is option D: 7.5 mL.

To determine the number of moles of gas in a 5 L container at 1 atm and 0°C, one will use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT. After solving for n, 

n = (1 atm ×5 L) / (0.08206 L.atm/K.mol ×273.15 K)

n = 0.206 mol

Therefore, there are 0.21 moles of gas in the 5 L container at 1 atm and 0°C.

The ideal gas law is an equation that describes the behavior of gases under certain conditions. It states that the product of pressure and volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas, the gas constant, and the absolute temperature of the gas. The ideal gas law is represented by the equation PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.

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Knowing the pH of a solution is not enough to determine its molarity, unless additional information about the chemical nature of the solution is provided. In the case of tomato juice, it is a complex mixture of various organic and inorganic compounds, including citric and malic acids, which contribute to its acidity.

The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] in moles per liter (M):

pH = -log[H+]

pH = -log(Ka / [H+])

[H+] = Ka / [tex]10^(^-^p^H^)[/tex]

However, for a complex mixture like tomato juice, the concentration of hydrogen ions (and hence its molarity) is determined by the concentrations of all the acids present in the solution, which may not be the same for different samples of tomato juice.

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10.0 mL of concentrated HNO[tex]_3[/tex] (16.0 M ) is added to 100.0 mL of water. 160moles is the number of moles of  HNO[tex]_3[/tex] dissolve in the 100.0 mL of water.

In chemistry, a mole, usually spelt mol, is a common scientific measurement unit for significant amounts of very small objects like atoms, molecules, and other predetermined particles. The mole designates 6.02214076 1023 units, which is a very large number. For the Worldwide System of Units (SI).

The mole is defined as this number as of May 20, 2019, according a general conference upon Weights and Measures. The total number of atoms discovered through experimentation to be present in 12 grammes of carbon-12 was originally used to define the mole.

Molarity₁×Volume₁=Molarity₂×Volume₂

16.0 ×10.0=Molarity₂× 100.0

160/100.0=Molarity₂

1.6M=Molarity₂

number of moles =1.6×100

                          = 160moles

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2.36 atm is the tire pressure if it is driven to the top of a mountain where the temperature is 2.3° C and the volume decreases to 4.3 liters.

Given:

Initial temperature (T₁) = 25°C+ 273.15 = 298.15 K

Final temperature (T₂) = -2.3°C+ 273.15 = 270.85 K

Initial pressure (P₁) = 1.95-atm

Initial volume (V₁) = 5.2 liters

Final volume (V₂) = 4.3 liters

Final pressure (P₂) =?

Use the formula of combined gas law :

(P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂

Substitute the values in the equation:

(1.95 atm x 5.2 L) / 298.15 K = (P₂ x 4.3 L) / 270.85 K

10.14 atm K = 4.3 L P₂

P₂ = 10.14 atm K / 4.3 L

P₂ = 2.36 atm

Therefore, the tire pressure is 2.36 atm at the top of the mountain.

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The concept combined gas law is used here to determine the new pressure of the car. The combined gas law is the combination of three previously discovered laws. The new pressure is  2.14 atm.

The combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law is defined as the combined gas law. These laws relate one thermodynamic variable to another holding everything else constant.

The expression for new pressure is given as:

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

P₂ = P₁V₁ T₂ / V₂T₁

1.95 × 5.2 × 270.7 / 4.3 × 298 = 2.14 atm

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The friend I agree with the most is Kira because all living organisms directly or indirectly depend on the sun for their energy.

Kira is the one who is right because the main source of energy for most life on Earth is indeed the Sun.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy, which is then used to fuel cellular processes.

Even organisms that do not photosynthesize directly, such as animals, ultimately rely on the Sun's energy because they consume plants or other organisms that do.

While food and water are important for sustaining life, they are ultimately derived from the energy captured by photosynthetic organisms from the Sun.

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D. a bond between two atoms that have equal electronegativities

Covalent bonds involve 2 atoms sharing electrons.

Covalent Bonds

There are 3 types of bonds: metallic, ionic, and covalent. Metallic bonds occur between 2 metals that exist in a "sea of electrons." Ionic bonds have high electronegativity differences and occur between a metal and a nonmetal. Finally, as stated above, covalent bonds occur when 2 atoms share their electrons. Covalent bonds usually occur between two nonmetals. However, there are 2 types of covalent bonds: polar and nonpolar.

Nonpolar Bonds

Both polar and nonpolar bonds involve the sharing of electrons; however, polar bonds share electrons unequally. This is caused by an electronegativity difference greater than 0.5. When two atoms have equal electronegativities, they share the electrons equally. This creates a nonpolar bond.  

Reactants are the initial substances in a reaction that go through a chemical transformation to create a product.

Thus, Only in the presence of favourable conditions will reactants undergo chemical reactions. Many reactions occur during the cooking of gumbo, but I'll focus on one of the first ones to highlight a favourable circumstance: the caramelization of onions.

Our taste senses cannot perceive the big sug1ar molecules found in raw onions. To release the sweet flavour of onions, these big sugars must be heated to break down into smaller reactants.

The pyrolysis of sugars is the technical term for this procedure. The ideal circumstance necessary for onions to caramelize is products.

Thus, Reactants are the initial substances in a reaction that go through a chemical transformation to create a product.

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A food chain refers to the order of events in an ecosystem, where one living organisms eats another organisms and later that organism is consumed by another larger organism. It also explains the feeding pattern.

The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where the nutrients and energy is transferred from one organism to the other. It begins with the producer and ends with decomposer.

The producers in a food chain consists of all autotrophs like phytoplankton, algae and green plants. It is the producers which utilize the energy from the sun to produce food.

Thus the correct option is B.

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Considering the definition of endothermic and exothermic reaction and enthalpy of a chemical reaction, the correct answer is the first option: it is exothermic and H equals –91.8 kJ.

An endothermic reaction requires energy while an exothermic reaction releases energy.

The enthalpy of a chemical reaction as the heat absorbed or released in a chemical reaction when it occurs at constant pressure. That is, the heat of reaction is the energy that is released or absorbed when chemicals are transformed into a chemical reaction.

Based on the sign of the enthalpy, reactions are classified as endothermic and exothermic:

In the reaction:

N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) → 2 NH₃(g) + 91.8 kJ

you can see that heat is released.

Finally, the exothermic reaction and the enthalpy value is -91.8 kJ.

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If 5.34 g of tricarbon octahydride reacts with 25.2 g of oxygen gas, the limiting reactant is tricarbon octahydride.

8.72168 grams of water is produced.

5.84 grams of excess reactant is left over after the reaction is complete.

The percent yield of water, if 6.98 g of water is actually produced in a laboratory experiment is 80.0459 %.

The equation of the combustion reaction is given below:

C₃H₈ + 5 O₂ -----> 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂O

molar masses:

tricarbon octahydride: 44.11 g/mol

oxygen gas: 32 g/mol

water: 18.02 g/mol

carbon dioxide: 44.01 g/mol

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The mass of nitrogen in 125 g NH3 is 102.9375g

To start by finding the percentage composition of nitrogen in NH3, we find the molar mass of NH3:

1N + 3H = 1(14) + 3(1) = 14 + 3 = 17g/mol

The percent composition of nitrogen in NH3 is:

mass of nitrogen in 1 mol NH3 / molar mass of NH3 x 100%

= (14/17 )x 100

= 82.35%

So, 82.35% of the mass of NH3 comes from nitrogen.

To find the mass of nitrogen in 125 g NH3, we can set up a proportion:

mass of nitrogen / 125 g NH3 = 82.35 / 100

mass of nitrogen = (125 g NH3) x (82.35 / 100)

mass of nitrogen = 102.9375 g

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