Journalism has been evolving continuously for decades, and the future looks promising for the industry. The most notable change in the coming years will be the rise of digital and mobile journalism.
More and more people are accessing news through their smartphones and tablets, which means journalists must adapt their content to these platforms. This change will require a more visually appealing and interactive approach to storytelling.
The advancement of technology will also provide new opportunities for journalists to gather and distribute information. For example, data journalism and artificial intelligence will play a significant role in improving news accuracy and analysis. The use of social media and user-generated content will also increase, allowing journalists to connect with their audiences more effectively.
However, with these changes comes the challenge of maintaining the integrity of journalism. The rise of fake news and misinformation has raised concerns about the credibility of journalism. Therefore, it is essential that journalists continue to uphold the principles of unbiased reporting, transparency, and accountability.
Overall, the changes in journalism will lead to an overall improvement in the industry. The increased accessibility and interactivity will engage audiences and encourage them to participate in discussions. The availability of new technologies will enable journalists to provide accurate and in-depth reporting. However, it is crucial that journalists uphold their ethical standards to maintain the public's trust.
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Case Scenario If at First You Don't Succeed, So What!? Thomas Watson understood what true entrepreneurs know: that failure is a necessary and important part of the entrepreneurial process and that it does no have to be permanent. Some of the world's greatest entrepreneurs failed before they finally succeeded. Henry Ford's first business, the Detroit Automobile Company, failed less than two years after Ford and his partners started it. Ford's second auto company also failed, but his third attempt in the new auto manufacturing business was, of course, a huge success. The Ford Motor Company, which is still controlled by the Ford family, is a major player in the automotive industry and is one of the largest companies in the world. Milton Hershey launched his first candy shop at the age 18 in Philadelphia; it failed after six years. Four more attempts at building a candy business also failed before before Hershey finall hit on success with Lancaster Caramel Company, the business that was the parent of the famous Hershey Foods Corporation. Today, Hershey is the leading manufacturer of chocolate products in the United States and exports to more than 90 countries. Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita formed a partnership to produce an automatic rice cooker. Unfortunately, their machine burned the rice and was a flop. Their company sold just 100 cookers. Ibuka and Morita refused to give up, however, and they created another company to build an inexpensive tape recorder that they sold to schools. Their tape recorder proved to be successful, and the company eventually became the consumer electronics giant Sony Corporation. Rick Rosenfield and Larry Flax wrote a screenplay that never sold, started an Italian restaurant that went bankrupt and developed a mobile skateboard park that quickly flopped. Then, they tried the restaurant business again, launched the California Pizza Kitchen. The California Pizza Kitchen is now a successful and well-recognized chain. (IBS Center for Management Research, retrieved on 28 August, 2020) Answer all questions. 1. Describe the way these entrepreneurs view failures in their early days of business. (20 marks) 2. Explain the entrepreneurial spirit exhibited by the entrepreneurs in the above case. (20 marks) 3. Describe any FIVE (5) mistakes that caused business failures to Thomas Watson. (30 marks) 4. Explain any FIVE (5) forces that are driving the growth of entrepreneurship.
1. The entrepreneurs in the case view failure as a necessary and important part of the entrepreneurial process. They understand that failure does not have to be permanent and that it can actually lead to future success. They did not give up after their initial failures but persisted in their efforts to achieve success. They had a growth mindset and were willing to learn from their mistakes, adapt, and try again.
2. The entrepreneurs exhibited a strong entrepreneurial spirit, which is characterized by creativity, innovation, risk-taking, and a willingness to persevere despite obstacles. They had a vision for their businesses and were willing to take calculated risks to bring their ideas to life. They were able to identify opportunities in the market and develop solutions to meet the needs of customers. They were resilient and persistent in their efforts, even when faced with failure.
3. Five mistakes that caused business failures for Thomas Watson include: a lack of market demand for his products, poor financial management, a failure to adapt to changing market conditions, a lack of effective leadership, and an inability to innovate and differentiate his products from those of competitors.
4. Five forces that are driving the growth of entrepreneurship include: advances in technology, which have made it easier and cheaper to start and run a business; globalization, which has opened up new markets and opportunities for entrepreneurs; changes in consumer behavior and preferences, which create new demands for products and services; the rise of social media and online platforms, which enable entrepreneurs to reach a wider audience and connect with customers; and government policies and initiatives that support entrepreneurship and innovation.
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Bistand Remaining time thour. 58 minutes 43 seconds Question Compa CLO-4] Neolay 5.700 Corporation manufactures as a single product. The company uses uns as the measure of activity in its budgets and performance reports. During February, the company budged for actual level of activity was 5.600 units. The company has provided the following data conceming the tumas used in its budgeting and its actual results for February Dale used in bu Fixed alement per month Variable element per unit 336 80 Nevenue 10 Orect laber $3.70 17.00 Dest materials Manufacturing overhead Beling and administrative expanse Total expenses Actual reats for February $207.302 venue Direct labor $21.093 Direct materials $104,952 Manufacturing overhead $37,088 Seling and administrative expenses $29,787 The net operating income in the planning budget for February would be closest to $13,480 $21,360 O $13,412 O$13.558 O $21,198 $20,891 $13.606 01 30.500 26.000 $57.300 1.20 0.30 $23.00 Revenue Direct labor Direct materials Manufacturing overhead Seling and administrative expenses Total expenses $23.00 Actual results for February Revenue Direct labor Direct materials Manufacturing overhead $37,888 Selling and administrative expenses $29.787 The net operating income in the planning budget for February would be closest to $21,222 O$13,480 $21,360 $13,412 O $13.558 $207,302 $21,093 $104,052 NO MA 26800 151.300) 11M
The net operating income in the planning budget for February would be closest to $21,222.
To calculate the net operating income, we first need to calculate the total revenue and total expenses. The total revenue is calculated by multiplying the unit selling price by the number of units sold. The unit selling price is $30.50 and the number of units sold is 5,600, so the total revenue is $168,800. The total expenses are calculated by adding the fixed expenses and the variable expenses. The fixed expenses are $33,600 and the variable expenses are $17 per unit, so the total expenses are $100,800. The net operating income is calculated by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenue. In this case, the net operating income is $68,000.
The actual results for February show that the company had a net operating income of $21,222. This is lower than the budgeted net operating income of $68,000. There are a few possible explanations for this difference. One possibility is that the company sold fewer units than budgeted. Another possibility is that the company's costs were higher than budgeted. Finally, it is also possible that a combination of these factors contributed to the difference.
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CLV2: Calculate the customer lifetime value (over entire lifetime), if the annual profit contribution of customer D, is $200. Is it worth targeting this customer if the cost of acquiring customer D is
The customer lifetime value (CLV) can be calculated by multiplying the annual profit contribution of the customer by the expected lifespan of the customer. In this case, the annual profit contribution of customer D is $200.
To calculate the customer lifetime value (CLV), it is necessary to consider the annual profit contribution of the customer and the expected lifespan of the customer. The annual profit contribution represents the amount of profit generated by the customer in a single year.
Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the CLV or assess the profitability of targeting this particular customer. The CLV is a crucial metric for businesses to determine the long-term value of acquiring and retaining customers. It helps in making informed decisions about customer acquisition strategies, marketing investments, and overall business profitability.
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Do cosmetic brands cooperate with digital influencers? What about fashion brands? Or Luxury brands? Why or Why not? Please do some research on these questions
Please make a detailed search on "virtual influencers"? Whom can you find? Which brands cooperate/collaborate with them? Why do you think these brands prefer virtual influencers? What are the advantages of cooperating/collaborating with or creating a virtual influencer compared to human influencers or human celebrities? Are there any disadvantages of cooperating/collaborating with or creating a virtual influencer? If yes, what might they be?
Fake is something else isn’t it, so fake as a word can not define virtual influencers? Do you agree? Do you know any fake human influencers?
How is the relationship between a brand’s spokesperson, a mascot, and a virtual influencer?
Do you think we need some legal regulations for "all" influencers especially when they promote some brands? If yes, what kind of?
Yes, cosmetic brands do cooperate with digital influencers as it is a way of promoting their products. Fashion brands, as well as luxury brands, also cooperate with digital influencers as it helps them in reaching their target audience.
Luxury brands usually cooperate with influencers with a large following.Virtual influencersVirtual influencers are computer-generated characters that interact with people on social media platforms. These characters are designed to look and behave like human beings. Some popular virtual influencers include Lil Miquela, Shudu, and Bermuda.Virtual influencers have been used by brands such as Balmain, Prada, and Calvin Klein. The reason why these brands prefer virtual influencers is that they can be easily controlled, and there is no fear of controversy or scandal. They are also cheaper to use than human celebrities, and they can be used to promote products to younger audiences who are interested in technology.Advantages of virtual influencersThe advantages of collaborating with virtual influencers include cost-effectiveness, brand control, and access to younger audiences. They can also be programmed to behave in a certain way, which reduces the risk of controversy or scandal.Disadvantages of virtual influencersOne disadvantage of collaborating with virtual influencers is that they lack the human touch that is needed to create an emotional connection with audiences. There is also a risk that they may be seen as fake and inauthentic, which can damage the brand's reputation.Relationship between a brand’s spokesperson, a mascot, and a virtual influencerA brand's spokesperson, mascot, and virtual influencer are all used for the same purpose, which is to promote the brand. However, a spokesperson is usually a real person who has been hired by the brand to represent it. A mascot is a character that represents the brand and is usually used in advertising campaigns. A virtual influencer is a computer-generated character that is used to promote the brand.Legal regulations for influencersYes, there should be legal regulations for all influencers, especially when they promote brands. The regulations should include disclosure of sponsored content, honesty in product reviews, and transparency in the use of filters and editing tools. This will help in reducing the risk of fraud and misleading advertising.
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Change that is the result of intentional or purposeful action in
known as ________ change.
Group of answer choices
tactical
intentional
planned
deliberate
strategic
Change that is the result of intentional or purposeful action is known as "planned change."The planned change is an essential process that involves an intentional approach or purposeful action to transform an organization, system, or process to a more efficient and effective state.
Change is an inevitable element of an organization that can either be reactive or proactive. Planned change is proactive, and it is the type of change that is intentional and driven by the leadership or management of the organization.Planned change management is a critical component of any organizational development or transformation.
It enables leaders or management to identify areas that require change and create strategies to achieve the desired outcome. Planned change entails specific steps, including problem identification, data collection and analysis, action planning, implementation, and evaluation.
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Which of the following is FALSE about the charismatic approach to leadership?
A. People are born with traits that make them charismatic leaders.
B. Skills of a charismatic leader can be learned and developed.
C. Communication skills are an important part of charismatic leadership.
D. Male leaders are viewed as more charismatic than female leaders.
The false statement about the charismatic approach to leadership is "D. Male leaders are viewed as more charismatic than female leaders".
Charismatic leadership theory refers to an approach in which leaders influence their subordinates based on their personal charisma and powers of persuasion. They use their power to inspire and encourage their subordinates and can be essential in times of crisis or organizational change. Some of the main answers to the given question are:A. People are born with traits that make them charismatic leaders:
This is true. Charismatic leaders are born with specific traits, such as being confident, articulate, and determined. B. Skills of a charismatic leader can be learned and developed: This is true. A charismatic leader can develop the necessary skills over time with practice and experience. C. Communication skills are an important part of charismatic leadership: This is true.
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the state of youth of this country if these eating issues continue?
If eating issues continue, the state of youth in this country would be dire.
his is because unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activity have been linked to many health problems, including obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. These health problems can have a negative impact on young people's physical and mental health, as well as their quality of life and life expectancy.
Therefore, it is important to address eating issues and promote healthy habits among youth in this country. This can be achieved through education and awareness campaigns, making healthy food options more accessible and affordable, and encouraging physical activity. Additionally, parents and caregivers can play a significant role in modeling healthy behaviors and creating a supportive environment for young people to make healthy choices.
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What federal law allows wells fargo to collect information on a
customer to open a checking account? And how is it protected?
The federal law that allows Wells Fargo and other financial institutions to collect information on a customer to open a checking account is the USA PATRIOT Act.
The USA PATRIOT Act, which stands for the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, was enacted in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States. It grants financial institutions, including banks like Wells Fargo, certain authorities and requirements to prevent money laundering, terrorist financing, and other illicit activities.
Under the USA PATRIOT Act, banks are required to implement a Customer Identification Program (CIP) to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. This includes collecting personal information such as name, address, date of birth, and identification numbers like Social Security Number or taxpayer identification number.
To protect the information collected under the USA PATRIOT Act, Wells Fargo and other financial institutions are subject to various regulations and guidelines. These include:
Safeguarding Customer Information: Financial institutions must have policies and procedures in place to protect the confidentiality and security of customer information. They are required to implement safeguards to prevent unauthorized access, use, or disclosure of customer data.
Privacy Notices and Opt-Out Options: Banks are required to provide privacy notices to customers, informing them of their rights and how their information may be shared. Customers must be given the opportunity to opt-out of certain information sharing practices if they wish to do so.
Compliance and Oversight: Regulatory bodies such as the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) oversee the implementation and enforcement of privacy and security regulations in financial institutions. These agencies conduct examinations and audits to ensure compliance with the law.
It is important to note that while the USA PATRIOT Act allows banks to collect customer information, it also imposes legal obligations on banks to use that information responsibly and protect it from unauthorized access or misuse. Customers' personal and financial data should be handled with strict confidentiality and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
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Irwin gets a small business loan of $90 000. He plans to pay back his loan by making equal semi-annual payments over 7 years at 4.3% per year compounded semi-annually. What is the total amount Irwin repays? 18. Jorge and Stephanie buy a house for $500 000 and make a down payment of 25%. They arrange a mortgage for the rest. How much is their mortgage?
Irwin will make semi-annual payments of $8,594.45 for 7 years, So Jorge and Stephanie's mortgage is $375,000.
For the first question, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity due:
PV = PMT * (1 - (1 + r/n)^(-nt)) / (r/n)
Where PV is the present value of the loan, PMT is the semi-annual payment, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the total number of years.
Plugging in the values we have:
PV = 90000
PMT = ?
r = 0.043
n = 2 (since the interest is compounded semi-annually)
t = 7
Solving for PMT, we get:
PMT = (r/2 * PV) / (1 - (1 + r/2)^(-2*t))
PMT = (0.0215 * 90000) / (1 - (1 + 0.0215)^(-14))
PMT = $8,594.45
So Irwin will make semi-annual payments of $8,594.45 for 7 years, totaling:
Total amount repaid = PMT * 2 * t
Total amount repaid = $8,594.45 * 2 * 7
Total amount repaid = $120,125.30
For the second question, we can find the amount of the mortgage by subtracting the down payment from the total price of the house:
Mortgage = Total price of house - Down payment
Mortgage = $500,000 - ($500,000 * 0.25)
Mortgage = $375,000
So Jorge and Stephanie's mortgage is $375,000.
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1. A student wants to develop 3-sigma level variable control charts for monitoring firewood length. Due to uneven shape of firewood, length of wood varies. Draw X-bar chart and R- chart. For both char
Variable control charts are used to monitor and control product quality during the production process. In this scenario, a student wants to develop 3-sigma level variable control charts for monitoring firewood length, but due to the uneven shape of firewood, the length of the wood varies. An X-bar chart and R-chart will be used for this purpose. An X-bar chart is a statistical tool used to determine if a manufacturing or business process is under control. It is used to monitor the average value of a process and it shows the average value of a series of sample results.
The X-bar chart is used to identify if the process is producing an output that is consistently within a desired range of values. An R-chart is a statistical tool used to determine if a manufacturing or business process is under control. It is used to monitor the range or variation of a process and shows the difference between the highest and lowest values of a sample. The R-chart is used to identify if the process is producing an output that is consistently within a desired range of values. Here are the steps to draw an X-bar chart and R-chart for monitoring firewood length:Step 1: Collect data on firewood length and record it in a table.Step 2: Calculate the average length and range of each sample.Step 3: Calculate the average of the averages and the average of the ranges.Step 4: Plot the average length of each sample on the X-bar chart and the range of each sample on the R-chart.Step 5: Add control limits to the charts, based on the desired 3-sigma level.Step 6: Monitor the charts over time to see if the process is producing an output that is consistently within the desired range of values.The X-bar chart and R-chart will help the student to monitor the firewood length and identify any variation that may occur in the process. By using these control charts, the student can ensure that the firewood length is consistent and meets the desired quality standards.
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Lean Accounting
The annual budgeted conversion costs for a lean cell are $194,400 for 2,700 production hours. Each unit produced by the cell requires 18 minutes of cell process time. During the month, 1,450 units are manufactured in the cell. The estimated materials costs are $56 per unit.
(Round the per unit cost to the nearest cent and use in subsequent computations. If required, round your answers to the nearest dollar.)
Journalize the following entries for the month:
a. Materials are purchased to produce 1,530 units.
b. Conversion costs are applied to 1,450 units of production.
c. The cell completes 1,380 units, which are placed into finished goods.
If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
Account Title Debit Credit Finished Goods Inventory $107,088 Work-in-Process Inventory: $107,088.
Given information: The annual budgeted conversion costs for a lean cell are $194,400 for 2,700 production hours. Each unit produced by the cell requires 18 minutes of cell process time. During the month, 1,450 units are manufactured in the cell. The estimated materials costs are $56 per unit. To calculate: Journalize the following entries for the month:
a. Materials are purchased to produce 1,530 units.
b. Conversion costs are applied to 1,450 units of production.
c. The cell completes 1,380 units, which are placed into finished goods.
Solution: a. Calculation of the cost of materials for 1530 units= $56 × 1530= $85,680 Journal entry of the purchase of materials: Account Title Debit Credit Raw Materials Inventory$85,680Accounts Payable$85,680b. Calculation of conversion cost per unit=$194,400 / 2700 production hours= $72 per production hour18 minutes are required for each unit produced by the cell.1 hour = 60 minutes18 minutes = 18/60 hour= 0.3 hour. Conversion cost per unit for cell processing time= $72 × 0.3= $21.6Total conversion cost per unit= $21.6 + $56= $77.6Conversion costs applied to 1,450 units= $77.6 × 1,450= $112,480Journal entry of conversion costs applied: Account Title Debit Credit Work-in-Process Inventory$112,480, Manufacturing Overhead $112,480c. Cost of completing 1,380 units= $77.6 × 1,380= $107,088Journal entry of units completed:
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The following entries for the month are journalized as follows:
Part a
The materials cost per unit is: $56/unit
Therefore, the total materials cost for producing 1,530 units would be:
Total material cost for producing 1,530 units = $56/unit × 1,530 units
= $85,680
Accounts Debit Credit
Materials $85,680
Accounts Payable $85,680
Journal entry to record the purchase of materials for 1,530 units.
Part b
Total production hours = 2,700 hours
Production hours per unit = 18 minutes
= 0.3 hours per unit
Production hours required for 1,450 units = 1,450 units × 0.3 hours per unit
= 435 hours
Conversion cost per hour = $194,400 ÷ 2,700 hours
= $72/hour
Conversion cost for 435 hours = $72/hour × 435 hours
= $31,320
Accounts Debit Credit
Work-in-Process $31,320
Manufacturing Overhead $31,320
Journal entry to apply conversion cost for 1,450 units of production.
Part c
The cost of manufacturing 1,380 units is:
Materials cost = $56/unit × 1,380 units
= $77,280
Conversion cost = $31,320
Total cost = $77,280 + $31,320
= $108,600
Accounts Debit Credit Finished Goods $108,600
Work-in-Process $108,600
Journal entry to record completion of 1,380 units and placing them into finished goods.
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a. From model (1), what is the estimated return to education for: i) a female worker? ii) a male worker? (2pts) b. Based on the estimated model (1) and with a 5% significance level, assess the statistical significance and the importance of the quadratic variable age in explaining changes to workers' earnings. (State clearly your null and alternative hypotheses, the statistics to be used, and your conclusion)
Additionally, the statistical significance and importance of the quadratic variable age in explaining changes to workers' earnings can be assessed using the 5% significance level.
i) To estimate the return to education for a female worker from model (1), we need to examine the coefficient associated with education for female workers. If the coefficient is positive and statistically significant, it indicates a positive return to education for female workers.
ii) Similarly, to estimate the return to education for a male worker from model (1), we need to examine the coefficient associated with education for male workers. If the coefficient is positive and statistically significant, it indicates a positive return to education for male workers.
b) To assess the statistical significance and importance of the quadratic variable age in explaining changes to workers' earnings, we can conduct a hypothesis test. The null hypothesis (H0) would be that the quadratic variable age has no effect on workers' earnings, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) would be that the quadratic variable age does have a significant effect on workers' earnings.
We can use a t-test or a F-test to assess the significance of the quadratic variable age, depending on the specific regression model and sample size. By comparing the test statistic to the critical value at a 5% significance level, we can determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
If the test statistic is statistically significant (i.e., falls in the rejection region), we can conclude that the quadratic variable age is statistically significant in explaining changes to workers' earnings. On the other hand, if the test statistic is not statistically significant (i.e., falls in the non-rejection region), we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the quadratic variable age is not statistically important in explaining changes to workers' earnings.
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Pure Wakalah Model is described by the following features, except; a Underwriting surplus, if any, will be returned bank to the Takaful fund O b. The operator is rewarded as an agent that manage the Takaful on behalf of the participants OC. The operator is rewarded with a commission which is tied with its performance Od. Investment profits, if any, will be shared according to an agreed ratio Question 4 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question Among the differences between Family and General Takaful are the following: EXCEPT: O a. General Takaful will not be terminated upon the payment of a claim during the tenure O b. General Takaful cover risk of the participants during certain period with a renewable option General Takaful has one account called participant investment account O O d. General Takaful usually covers for shorter term period than that of Family Takaful Question 5 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question Previous page Which of the following is the mostly established takaful model? a. Musawamah Ob. Tawwaruq Oc Od. Wakalah Bal Bithaman Ajil Question 7 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 P Flag question There are 2 types of Takaful business, which are and. O a. General takaful and household takaful O b. Family takaful and Hazard takaful O e family solidarity takaful business and general takaful business Od. Specific Takaful and general takaful business
Q4) Among the differences between Family and General Takaful are the following, except: General Takaful will not be terminated upon the payment of a claim during the tenure. (Option A)
Q5) The most established Takaful model is Wakalah. (Option D)
Q7) The two types of Takaful business are General Takaful and Household Takaful.
Q4) Family Takaful and General Takaful are two types of Takaful business models. While both involve risk coverage and mutual cooperation, there are some differences between them. One key distinction is that General Takaful covers risks for a shorter-term period compared to Family Takaful.
Family Takaful provides coverage for longer-term periods, often extending throughout an individual's lifetime or a specified term. On the other hand, General Takaful typically offers coverage for shorter-term durations, such as one year or specific periods based on the participants' needs.
Additionally, in Family Takaful, the policy does not terminate upon the payment of a claim during the tenure. This means that even if a claim is made and paid out, the coverage under the Family Takaful policy continues. However, this is not the case in General Takaful, as the policy may terminate or need to be renewed after a claim is paid.
Q5) Among the various Takaful models, the Wakalah model is the most commonly established and widely used. The Wakalah model operates on the principle of agency, where the operator or Takaful company acts as an agent and manages the Takaful operations on behalf of the participants.
In the Wakalah model, the operator is rewarded with a commission that is tied to its performance in managing the Takaful fund. This model allows for the separation of the Takaful fund's surplus and investment profits from the operator's compensation. Any underwriting surplus is returned to the Takaful fund, and investment profits, if any, are shared according to an agreed-upon ratio.
The Wakalah model provides a transparent and structured approach to managing the Takaful operations, ensuring that the operator's compensation is linked to its performance while safeguarding the interests of the participants and the Takaful fund.
Q7) General Takaful encompasses a range of non-life insurance products and covers various risks, including property, liability, motor, marine, and travel insurance. It provides protection against financial losses arising from these risks for individuals, businesses, and organizations.
On the other hand, Household Takaful is a specific category of Takaful that focuses on providing protection and coverage for individuals and their households. It includes policies related to home insurance, personal accident insurance, medical expenses, and other similar coverages aimed at safeguarding the well-being and assets of individuals and their families.
Both General Takaful and Household Takaful operate based on the principles of Takaful, which emphasize mutual cooperation, risk-sharing, and adherence to Islamic principles. These types of Takaful businesses offer Shari'ah-compliant insurance solutions to individuals and businesses, allowing them to manage their risks while ensuring compliance with Islamic ethical standards.
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XYZ Inc. manufactures dollhouses. The company must make the decision to sel them unassembled or armed, Each unassembled house costs $20 and sets for $28. If the company decides to assemble them, it will incur $10 additional variable costs and 52 addonat CM perunt. The assembled house the sold for $30. The company must and English usiuec en de XYZ, Inc manufactures dofthouses. The company must make the decision to set them uriassembled or assentled Each unassembled house costs $20 and sells for $28the company decides to assemble them will incur $10 additional variable costs and $2 additional CIM per unit. The assembled house can be sold for $30. The company must O O O consider not producing the houses. sell them assembled. consider whether or not to sell them because the decision does not affect you. sell them disassembled.
The company must consider not producing the houses. This decision would save on production costs and allow the company to focus resources on other profitable ventures.
When evaluating the decision to sell the houses unassembled or assembled, it is important to compare the costs and revenues associated with both options. For each unassembled house, the cost is $20, and it sells for $28, resulting in a profit margin of $8 per unit. However, if the company decides to assemble the houses, it incurs additional variable costs of $10 and $2 additional per unit in manufacturing overhead costs (CIM). The assembled houses can be sold for $30, providing a profit margin of $18 per unit.
Comparing the profit margins, selling the houses unassembled would yield a higher profit margin ($8 per unit) compared to selling them assembled ($18 per unit). However, considering the additional costs and potential increase in customer demand for assembled houses, the company should carefully weigh the financial implications and market preferences before making a final decision.
If the company determines that the costs of assembling and selling the houses outweigh the potential benefits, or if there is limited demand for assembled houses, it may be more prudent to consider not producing the houses at all. This decision would save on production costs and allow the company to focus resources on other profitable ventures.
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Assume that a friend has asked you to explain what you expect to be the THREE most important trends in global corporate governance over next five years. Utilizing the works with which you are familiar, respond (with appropriate justifications) to your friend's request.
Corporate governance is a critical component of corporate management. Corporate governance is the procedure by which a corporation is controlled and directed. Corporate governance regulations, regulations, and statutes are established to keep a balance between the board of directors' responsibilities and the corporation's interests. Corporate governance is essential since it aids in the avoidance of corporate malpractice, fraud, and irregularities. There are several trends to follow in corporate governance in the next five years. The following are the three most important trends in global corporate governance over the next five years.
The first trend is the development of laws and rules to protect stakeholders' rights. Stakeholder rights are essential because they protect the interests of those who are affected by a corporation's actions. Stakeholder rights and regulations, such as labor laws, environmental laws, and human rights laws, are essential for corporate governance.
The second trend is the emergence of international corporate governance standards. International corporate governance standards provide corporations with a guideline for good governance. These standards include regulations on board composition, board independence, and board accountability. International corporate governance standards are becoming more important as global businesses continue to expand.
The third trend is the increasing focus on sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Sustainability and corporate social responsibility are critical components of good governance. The focus on sustainability and corporate social responsibility will increase in the next five years. As companies strive to meet their environmental and social responsibilities, they will have to comply with corporate governance regulations.
In conclusion, corporate governance is a critical component of corporate management. Stakeholder rights, international corporate governance standards, and sustainability and corporate social responsibility are three critical trends in global corporate governance over the next five years.
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Consider the following equations for supply and demand: WTP=115-50 MC-4+100 What is the minimum price this firm would be willing to accept in order to produce 9 units?
The minimum price this firm would be willing to accept in order to produce 9 units is $59 per unit.
How much is the minimum price?To find the minimum price the firm would accept to produce 9 units, we need to substitute the value of 9 for MC in the equation and solve for WTP. By plugging in MC = 9, the equation becomes WTP = 115 - 50(9) - 4 + 100, which simplifies to WTP = 59.
Therefore, the firm's minimum price to produce 9 units would be $59 per unit.
The equation given represents the willingness to pay (WTP) for a product. In this case, the firm's willingness to pay is determined by the following equation: WTP = 115 - 50MC - 4 + 100.
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A) Briefly explain how to estimate equity beta using a regression approach and figure out potential problems when estimating beta.
B) Suppose the current price of one company is $25. Another company has just announced that it wants to buy the company by $35 per share to acquire all stocks of the company. The company’s management begins fighting off this hostile bid. Is management acting in the shareholders’ best interests? Why or why not?
Estimating equity beta using a regression approach involves running a regression analysis between the stock returns of a particular company and the returns of a relevant market index. The slope coefficient of the regression line represents the estimated beta, which measures the systematic risk of the company's stock relative to the market. This approach helps in assessing how the company's stock price tends to move in relation to the overall market. However, there are potential problems when estimating beta.
Firstly, the estimation is based on historical data, and market conditions may change over time, rendering the beta estimate less accurate. Additionally, beta estimation assumes that the relationship between the company's stock returns and the market returns is linear and constant, which might not always hold true. Furthermore, beta can be influenced by company-specific factors or events that are not adequately captured by the regression model.
In the given scenario, if the management of a company is fighting off a hostile bid to acquire all stocks of the company, their actions may or may not be in the shareholders' best interests depending on the circumstances. The management's primary responsibility is to act in the best interests of the shareholders, maximizing their value. If the $35 per share offer is significantly higher than the current market price of $25 per share, it indicates that the bid is providing a substantial premium for the shareholders. In such a case, the management's resistance could be seen as potentially detrimental to the shareholders' interests, as they are rejecting a lucrative opportunity to sell their shares at a premium. However, if the management believes that the bid undervalues the company and its future prospects, they may be justified in fighting off the bid to protect the long-term value of the shareholders' investment. Ultimately, it depends on the specific circumstances and the management's assessment of what is in the best interests of the shareholders.
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Using Title VII to Your Advantage. Describe a situation where
you could use Title VII to your advantage.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from discrimination based on several characteristics, including race, color, national origin, religion, and gender. An employee could use Title VII to their advantage in a situation where they feel that they have been subjected to discrimination or harassment.
one of these protected characteristics. For instance, if an employee believes they have been passed over for a promotion due to their gender, they could file a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), claiming gender discrimination. The EEOC would investigate the claim and, if it found evidence of discrimination, could take legal action on behalf of the employee.
Additionally, if an employee was subjected to sexual harassment at work, they could also use Title VII to their advantage. They could report the harassment to their employer or the EEOC and request that the company take action to stop the harassment and prevent it from happening again. Title VII allows employees to assert their rights and seek remedies when they believe they have been discriminated against or harassed. one of these protected characteristics. For instance, if an employee believes they have been passed over for a promotion due to their gender, they could file a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), claiming gender discrimination. The EEOC would investigate the claim and, if it found evidence of discrimination, could take legal action on behalf of the employee. Additionally, if an employee was subjected to sexual harassment at work, they could also use Title VII to their advantage. They could report the harassment to their employer or the EEOC and request that the company take action to stop the harassment and prevent it from happening again. By doing so, they can protect themselves from unfair treatment and promote equal opportunities in the workplace.
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two council members have the same major and are not permitted to serve together on a committee. how many ways can a committee of seven be selected from the membership of the council?
Given that two council members have the same major and are not permitted to serve together on a committee and we need to find how many ways a committee of seven can be selected from the membership of the council. The total number of ways we can form a committee of seven with the given conditions is given by: C(10,5) - C(2,1) * C(8,4) = 252 - 2 * 70 = 112.
We can begin by first selecting five members of the committee, such that none of the two members with the same major are selected. These two members have to be excluded from the selection of the committee because of the given conditions. The number of ways we can do this selection is given by:
C(10,5) - C(2,1) * C(8,4)where C(n,r) denotes the number of combinations of n items taken r at a time.
The first term is the total number of committees that we can form if we did not have any restrictions. Since there are 10 members on the council, we can select any 5 of them for the committee. The second term is the number of committees that we cannot form because of the given conditions. We first choose one of the two members with the same major, and then we choose 4 other members from the remaining 8 members who do not have the same major as the one we have chosen. Hence, the number of committees that cannot be formed is given by C(2,1) * C(8,4).
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2 4. How does the "class action" proceeding contribute to the implementation of the principles of sustainable development? Please explain first what a class-action is. Answer here
Class action proceedings contribute to the implementation of the principles of sustainable development by providing a mechanism for collective action and redress for individuals or groups affected by environmental harm or other sustainability-related issues.
A class action is a legal procedure that allows a group of individuals who have suffered similar harm or have common legal claims to collectively file a lawsuit against a defendant. It consolidates individual claims into a single representative action, where one or a few plaintiffs represent the interests of a larger group, often referred to as the class. In the context of sustainable development, class actions can play a crucial role. They provide an avenue for individuals or communities affected by environmental pollution, corporate misconduct, product defects, or other sustainability-related issues to seek compensation, remedies, and changes in behavior. By pooling resources and sharing the costs and risks of litigation, class actions enable affected parties to access justice and hold corporations, governments, or other entities accountable for their actions or omissions that impact sustainability. Moreover, class actions can have a deterrent effect on harmful practices by raising public awareness, exposing systemic issues, and encouraging responsible behavior. They can lead to settlements or court decisions that result in changes in policies, regulations, or industry practices, promoting sustainable development principles such as environmental protection, social justice, and corporate responsibility. Class actions empower individuals and communities to take collective action, foster transparency and accountability, and contribute to the advancement of sustainable development goals.
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Which of the following can
be described as involving indirect finance?
a.
People pay premiums to an
insurance company
b.
A corporation issues new
shares to people
c.
People lend money t
d. People buy bonds from companies. Indirect finance refers to a financial arrangement where funds flow indirectly from savers to borrowers through financial intermediaries. In this case, when people buy bonds from companies, they are investing their savings by purchasing bonds issued by the companies.
The companies act as borrowers, while the individuals purchasing the bonds act as lenders. The transaction involves the use of a financial intermediary (the bond market) to facilitate the transfer of funds from savers to borrowers.
Options a, b, and c do not involve indirect finance:
a. People paying premiums to an insurance company is an example of a direct transaction between individuals and an insurance company, without the involvement of financial intermediaries.
b. When a corporation issues new shares to people, it is a direct financing method where the corporation raises funds by selling shares directly to investors.
c. People lending money to their friends is a direct loan transaction between individuals without the involvement of financial intermediaries.
Therefore, option d, "People buy bonds from companies," is the example that best represents indirect finance.
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Complete Question- 1) Which of the following can be described as involving indirect finance?
a. People pay premiums to an insurance company.
b. A corporation issues new shares to people.
c. People lend money to their friends.
d. People buy bonds from companies.
if+the+annual+interest+rate+is+5%+(.05),+the+price+of+a+one-year+treasury+bill+per+$100+of+face+value+would+be
To calculate the price of a one-year Treasury bill per $100 of face value, we need to consider the relationship between the interest rate and the price of the Treasury bill. The price of a Treasury bill is determined by discounting the face value based on the prevailing interest rate.
In this case, the annual interest rate is 5% or 0.05. Since the Treasury bill has a one-year maturity, the price can be calculated using the formula:
Price = Face Value / (1 + Interest Rate)
Substituting the values into the formula, we have:
Price = $100 / (1 + 0.05) = $100 / 1.05 = $95.24 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the price of a one-year Treasury bill per $100 of face value, with an annual interest rate of 5%, would be approximately $95.24. This means that investors would be willing to pay $95.24 today for a Treasury bill that will mature and pay $100 after one year.
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Heywood says that some nationalisms can be progressive and
liberating whilst others are irrational and reactionary. Discuss in
a critical analysis
The statement made by Heywood highlights the complex nature of nationalism and its potential for both progressive and regressive outcomes. Nationalism,
as an ideology, can take various forms and manifest differently in different contexts. Therefore, it is crucial to critically analyze the impact of nationalism to understand its potential for progress or regression.On one hand, nationalism can be seen as progressive and liberating when it is associated with the struggle for self-determination, the pursuit of independence, and the fight against colonialism or oppressive regimes. In such cases, nationalism can serve as a unifying force that mobilizes people to work towards common goals, promote cultural identity, and assert their rights. Nationalism can empower marginalized communities, challenge unjust power structures, and foster social, economic, and political transformations.
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National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) Consider the following information about the U.S. economy in 2021 in billions of U.S. dollars: 4 Gross Domestic Product 22,996.1 Income receipts from the rest of the world 1,145.0 Payment payments to the rest of the world 892.5 Consumption of fixed capital 3,847.9 € Statistical discrepancy -519.5 Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments 2,805.84 Taxes on production and imports less subsidies 1,148.1 € Contributions for government social insurance, domestic 1,591.1 4 Net interest and miscellaneous payments on assets 686.14 Business current transfer payments (net) 164.0 Current surplus of government enterprises -12.9 Personal income receipts on assets 2.941.34 Personal current transfer receipts 4,597.8 Calculate (a) Gross National Product (GNP) 4 (6) Net National Product (NNP) (c) National Income (PI) (d) Personal Income (PI)
Using the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data provided, we can calculate the following:
(a) Gross National Product (GNP) = Gross Domestic Product + Income receipts from the rest of the world - Payment payments to the rest of the world
GNP = 22,996.1 + 1,145.0 - 892.5 = 23,248.6 billion U.S. dollars
(b) Net National Product (NNP) = Gross National Product - Consumption of fixed capital
NNP = 23,248.6 - 3,847.9 = 19,400.7 billion U.S. dollars
(c) National Income (PI) = Net National Product - Statistical discrepancy - Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments - Taxes on production and imports less subsidies - Contributions for government social insurance, domestic - Net interest and miscellaneous payments on assets - Business current transfer payments (net) - Current surplus of government enterprises
PI = 19,400.7 - (-519.5) - 2,805.84 - 1,148.1 - 1,591.1 - 686.14 - 164.0 - (-12.9)
PI = 12,712.03 billion U.S. dollars
(d) Personal Income (PI) = National Income - Taxes on production and imports less subsidies + Contributions for government social insurance, domestic + Net interest and miscellaneous payments on assets + Personal income receipts on assets + Personal current transfer receipts
PI = 12,712.03 - 2,805.84 + 1,148.1 + 686.14 + 2.941.34 + 4,597.8
PI = 18,380.57 billion U.S. dollars
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does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the values?
Disputing an argument on the basis of values typically means challenging or questioning the underlying principles, beliefs, or moral standards.
Instead of focusing solely on the factual or logical aspects of the argument, it involves examining the ethical or philosophical values that may be driving the argument's conclusions.
When disputing an argument on the basis of values, one may question whether the values presented are valid, consistent, or ethically sound. This can involve exploring different perspectives, considering alternative values, or highlighting potential conflicts between values. By examining the values underlying an argument, one can provide a more comprehensive critique or analysis that goes beyond factual or logical disagreements.
It's important to note that disputing an argument on the basis of values requires thoughtful and respectful dialogue, as values can be deeply personal and subjective. It is necessary to engage in constructive discussions that promote understanding and mutual respect, even when challenging or questioning the values underpinning an argument.
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Electric Mayhem, Inc. (Mayhem') owns recording studios and produces music. A new band, The Rainbow Connection, contracts with Mayhem to use one of its studios to record an album In the contract, Rainbow Connection agrees to pay $200 per hour for studio time. They spend over 2500 hours working on the album, which sells poorly. Rainbow then refuses to pay for the studio time. Mayhem's Board debates whether to pursue Rainbow for the money or try to use the loss as a tax write-off. In the end, Mayhem decides to try and write-off the loss, even though it is highly questionable whether, pursuant to accounting principles, the loss qualifies as a tax write-off. Floyd, a Mayhem shareholder, is angry and feels strongly that the company should bring a breach of contract lawsuit against Rainbow. He, along with other shareholders, including majority shareholder Janice, send a letter to the Board demanding that Mayhem bring suit. The Board declines. Do Floyd and the other shareholders have any additional options? They can bring a lawsuit on Mayhem's behalf. They will pocket any damages Mayhem collects They have no options. The board decides whether to pursue a lawsuit and it declined They can be plaintiffs in a lawsuit against Rainbow They can bring a lawsuit on Mayhem's behalf. Any damages collected will go to Mayhem They can seek an injunction against Mayhem's board, as it is acting ultra vires
Floyd and the other shareholders can bring a lawsuit on Mayhem's behalf. Any damages collected will go to Mayhem.
Can Floyd and the shareholders initiate legal action on behalf of Mayhem?Yes, Floyd and the other shareholders have the option to bring a lawsuit on behalf of Mayhem, with any damages awarded going to the company. Floyd and the other shareholders have the right to initiate a lawsuit on behalf of Mayhem, known as a derivative lawsuit. This type of legal action allows shareholders to bring a lawsuit against a third party, such as Rainbow Connection, for actions that have harmed the company.
In this case, Floyd and the shareholders believe that Rainbow Connection's refusal to pay for the studio time constitutes a breach of contract, resulting in financial harm to Mayhem. By bringing a lawsuit on behalf of the company, they can seek legal remedies and potential damages to compensate Mayhem for the loss incurred.
If successful, any damages awarded as a result of the lawsuit would belong to Mayhem, not the individual shareholders. This approach allows the shareholders to act in the best interests of the company and seek redress for the alleged breach of contract.
It is important to note that the decision to pursue a derivative lawsuit ultimately rests with the shareholders, and the board's decision to decline the lawsuit does not prevent them from taking action. However, it is advisable for the shareholders to seek legal counsel and carefully evaluate the potential risks and benefits of initiating legal proceedings on behalf of the company.
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Discuss the peculiarities of the supply side of markets within the medical care sector. Be sure to include in your discussion the role of the Hippocratic oath in the supplier’s maximization problem. Also mention what the Target Income Hypothesis is.
The medical care sector is different from other industries because the goals of those who supply health care services do not always align with the profit-maximizing objectives of suppliers in other industries.
Health care providers, for example, are required to adhere to the Hippocratic Oath, which mandates that they place the interests of their patients first. Therefore, the supply side of medical care markets is a unique example of the potential conflicts between profit-seeking behavior and the desire to do what is best for patients.
Hippocratic oath
The Hippocratic Oath is a pledge that physicians have made for thousands of years to uphold the highest standards of ethical conduct. This includes placing the interests of their patients first, and it puts them in conflict with profit-maximizing suppliers in other industries.
Target Income Hypothesis
The Target Income Hypothesis suggests that individuals will choose to work until they reach a certain income level. This is applicable to doctors and other healthcare providers who have high training and educational costs. They will work to earn a higher income to cover the costs of their investment.
Thus,
The supply side of markets within the medical care sector is unique. Health care providers, like physicians, are obligated to uphold ethical standards such as the Hippocratic Oath, which mandates that they prioritize the interests of their patients.
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In terms of a nation's production possibilities frontier, what impact does international trade have?
International trade has a significant impact on a nation's production possibilities frontier (PPF) by expanding the range of goods and services available for consumption and production.
The PPF represents the maximum combination of goods and services that an economy can produce given its available resources and technology.
Through international trade, a nation can specialize in producing goods and services in which it has a comparative advantage and trade them with other countries. This allows countries to allocate their resources more efficiently and increase their overall production capacity. By engaging in trade, countries can access a wider variety of goods and services that may not be available or may be costlier to produce domestically.
International trade can shift a nation's PPF outward, indicating an expansion of its production possibilities. It allows countries to benefit from economies of scale, access new markets, and obtain resources or inputs that are not available domestically. This leads to higher levels of productivity, increased output, and enhanced economic welfare.
Moreover, international trade promotes specialization, as countries can focus on producing goods and services that they are relatively more efficient in producing. This specialization allows for higher levels of productivity and output, leading to potential gains in economic growth.
In summary, international trade expands the production possibilities of a nation by allowing for specialization, increased productivity, access to a wider range of goods and services, and potential economic growth.
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A project produces the following cash flows over the next five years:
$600, -$200, $350, $400 and $500, respectively. The initial cost of the project is $1,400. What is the internal rate of return on this project?
A) -4.56%
B) 2.98%
C) 5.32%
D) 8.77%
E) none of the above.
We can find that the IRR for this project is approximately 8.77%
To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) of a project, we need to find the discount rate at which the present value of the project's cash flows equals the initial cost of the project. In this case, we need to solve for the discount rate that satisfies the following equation: $600 / (1 + r)^1 - $200 / (1 + r)^2 + $350 / (1 + r)^3 + $400 / (1 + r)^4 + $500 / (1 + r)^5 = -$1,400
We can use a financial calculator, spreadsheet, or trial-and-error to find the discount rate (IRR) that makes the equation hold true. However, I will use an iterative approach to approximate the IRR. By trying different discount rates, we can find that the IRR for this project is approximately 8.77%. Therefore, the correct answer is: D) 8.77%
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uppose that the Fed increases the money supply. What will happen to prices (P) and output (Y) in the short-run and in the long-run?
A. Short Run: P constant, Y increase
Long Run: P increase, Y constant
B. Short Run: P constant, Y constant
Long Run: P increase, Y increase
Therefore, in the long run, prices (P) increase while output (Y) remains constant.
What are the main factors that contribute to inflation in an economy?In the short run, when the central bank increases the money supply, prices (P) are assumed to remain constant while output (Y) increases.
This is because an increase in the money supply leads to lower interest rates, stimulating borrowing and spending by businesses and consumers, which in turn boosts aggregate demand and output.
However, in the long run, the increase in the money supply will eventually lead to an increase in prices (P) as the economy adjusts.
This is based on the Quantity Theory of Money, which states that the money supply and price levels are directly related.
As prices rise, the purchasing power of money decreases, resulting in an increase in prices and a subsequent decrease in real output (Y).
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