method object of inc_num_kids() for PersonInfo. inc_num_kids increments the member data num_kids. Sample output for the given program with one call to inc_num_kids(): Kids: 0 New baby, kids now: 1 can be write as follows:
Program:
#define class.
class PersonInfo:
def __init__(self): #constructor
self.num_kids = 0
def inc_num_kids(self): #define function inc_num_kids()
self.num_kids = self.num_kids + 1
return self.num_kids #return value.
p= PersonInfo() # creating object
print('Kids:', p.num_kids) #print value
p.inc_num_kids() #call function
print('New baby, kids now:', p.num_kids) #print value
Output:
Kids: 0
New baby, kids now: 1
The program begins by defining the PersonInfo class. This class defines a constructor that def __init__() and a function that def inc_num_kids().
The constructor is called automatically when the class object is created. This constructor takes self as a parameter that is used to access variables belonging to the class.
In the constructor, define a variable 'num_kids'. Assign a value to a variable that is '0' and use self to keep a reference to the variable.
Then define the function. This function increments the value of the variable by 1 and returns the value.
Then create a class object that is p, call the function, and print its value.
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if chooseactivity is a javascript promise object that returns a string value, which code should you use to initiate this promise?
if chooseactivity is a JavaScript promise object that returns a string value, the code you should use to initiate this promise is:
chooseActivity
.then(choiceMsɡ => console.log(choiceMsɡ))
.then(choiceMsɡ => console.log(choiceMsɡ));
What is JavaScript?When building websites, applications, servers, and even video games, web developers frequently use the lightweight programming language JavaScript to create more dynamic interactions.
Along with HTML and CSS, developers typically use JavaScript. In order to format HTML elements, the scripting language works well with CSS. User interaction is still maintained by JavaScript despite CSS's inability to do so.
It is worthwhile to learn JavaScript because it is used in the creation of websites, mobile applications, and video games. You can do this by using educational websites like BitDegree or by investigating free JavaScript applications and templates on websites that host source code, like GitHub.
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Consider the OSPF routing protocol. Which of the following characteristics are associated with OSPF (as opposed to BGP)? O Finds a least cost path from source to destination. O Policy, rather than performance (e.g., least cost path), determines paths that used O Is an intra-domain routing protocol O Is an inter-domain routing protocol O Floods link state control information
Based on the OSPF routing protocol, the characteristics that are associated with OSPF (as opposed to BGP) include the following;
A. Finds a least cost path from source to destination.
C. Is an intra-domain routing protocol.
D. Floods link state control information.
What is RIP?In Computer technology, RIP is an abbreviation for Routing Information Protocol and it can be defined as an intra-domain routing protocol which is typically designed and developed based on distance vector routing.
What is OSPF?In Computer networking, OSPF is an abbreviation for Open Shortest Path First and it can be defined as an intra-domain routing protocol that is typically designed and developed to always find a least cost path between a source and destination.
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when importing a text file, why is it important to move through each step of the text import wizard? power bi
A data management tool called Data Import Wizard is included in Salesforce's Setup menu.
How do I use text import wizard?the Data tab > Get & Transform Data > Get Data > Legacy Wizards > From Text when it has been enabled (Legacy). The Text Import Wizard will then launch once you double-click the text file you wish to import in the Import Text File dialog box.You may import data from a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to a worksheet grid with the help of the Import Wizard. Choose the spreadsheet you wish to import in the wizard, then either use the default template or create your own template. You can store the templates you make for later use.To learn more about Data Wizard refer,
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a malicious person is performing a technique called anti-forensics on a target network to hide evidence of an intrusion and conceal implanted rootkits and other malware. what is one action that might be taken when this method is used?
Answer:
Overwriting metadata
Explanation:
This is because the most appropriate technique that the attacker uses in a anti forensic is Overwriting the metadata, as this conceals all the previous activities that have been done by the attacker to hide the anti forensic.
how would you deploy network connectivity in the 25 classrooms, 12 faculty offices, and the common areas of the building?
The number of ways to deploy network connectivity in the 25 classrooms, 12 faculty offices and a common area is 5200300 ways
How to distribute network connectivity?We should know that permutation relates to the act of arranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order
The given parameters are
25 classrooms
12 faculty offices and 1 common area
⇒ n[tex]_{P_{r} }[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{25!}{(25-12)!13!}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{25*24*23*22*21*20*19*18*17*16*15*14}{y13*11*10*9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1}[/tex]
Simplifying the expression we have
5200300 ways
Therefore, the network connectivity can be done in 5200300 ways
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this very slow wired technology uses the phone line; an inexpensive isp subscription should be the only additional cost, but you cannot connect to the internet and use your phone on the same line simultaneously.
Wireless wide area network (WWAN) technology is exemplified by Wi-Fi.
Computers, tablets, cellphones, and other devices can be connected to the internet using Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi is a radio signal that is transmitted from a wireless router to a device nearby and converted into data you can see and use. The gadget sends a radio signal back to the router, which is wired or cabled into the internet.
Simply put, a Wi-Fi network is a wireless router that distributes an internet connection to a number of devices in a house or office. The router serves as a hub to distribute internet signal to all of your Wi-Fi enabled devices and is directly connected to your internet modem. As long as you're in your network's coverage area, this allows you the freedom to continue being online.
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if a user's computer becomes infected with malware and used as part of a botnet, which of the following actions can be initiated by the attacker?
Having current copies of the encrypted files is important in case a user's PC is infected with malware and is utilized as part of a botnet.
Explain about the malware?Malware is a file or piece of code that can do almost whatever an attacker wants it to do. It is often distributed via a network. Additionally, there are countless ways to attack computer systems due to the wide variety of viruses.
Despite the fact that all malware is a form of computer virus, not all malware is a virus. Malware comes in many different forms, viruses being only one. Although many people use the two terms synonymously, technically speaking, viruses and malware are not the same thing. When you open or download attachments or files, go to a shady website, or both, malware may end up on your computer.
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A company hosts a web application on an Amazon EC2 instance in a production VPC. Client connections to the application are failing. A SysOps administrator inspects the VPC flow logs and finds the following entry:
2 111122223333 eni-<###> 192.0.2.15 203.0.113.56 40711 443 6 1 40 1418530010 1418530070 REJECT OK
What is a possible cause of these failed connections?
A. A security group is denying traffic on port 443.
B. The EC2 instance is shut down.
C. The network ACL is blocking HTTPS traffic.
D. The VPC has no internet gateway attached.
The network ACL is blocking HTTPS traffic. And gathering broad information.
For usage details and additional information regarding the aforementioned commands, if necessary, see the operating system man pages and the IDS documentation. Execute the following commands, then gather the results: Run ps -elf several times for the client process on UNIX if it's still active. Run the client process's truss/trace on UNIX (if it's available). For some connections, a connection requires the use of a third-party API. Nothing more is necessary if the complete API has already been compiled in the connector. To use a map or process with some APIs, you must first install a client on the integration platform and connect to a server (usually a SQL engine) so that the connection can be made.
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Write a program that prints out the numbers in the Fibonacci sequence up until the max number. You can figure out the next number in the Fibonacci sequence by adding the two previous numbers.
The first number is 1 and the second number is 1. To get the third number we take 1 + 1 = 2. To get the fourth number we take the second number plus the third number (1 + 2 = 3).
The program that prints the numbers in the Fibonacci sequence is given as follows:
int main(){
int second_prev = 0;
int prev = 1;
int max;
int i;
int term;
scanf("%d\n", &max);
printf("%d\n%d\n", second_prev, prev);
for(i = 1; i < max; i++){
term = second_prev+prev;
printf("%d\n", term);
second_prev = prev;
prev = term;
}
return 0;
}
What are the steps to build the program?The first step in building the program is identifying the variables of the program, which are given as follows:
int second_prev = 0; -> stores second previous number, stats at zero, it is a convention of the sequence.int prev = 1; -> stores the previous number.int max; -> number of terms in the sequence.int i; -> counter.int term; -> term of the sequence.Then the command to read the max number is given as follows:
scanf("%d\n", &max);
Then the for loop is used to calculate the terms until desired, and the outputs are printed using the printf() command.
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how is the channelized t-1 rate of 1.544 mbps determined? a. 64 frames/second * ((24 ds0s/frame * 8 bits/ds0) * 1 fb) b. 8000 frames/second * ((24 bits/frame) 1 fb) c. 8000 frames/second * ((24 ds0s/frame * 8 bits/ds0) 1 fb) d. 64 frames/second * ((193 bits/frame * 8 bits/ds0) 1 fb)
The channelized T-1 rate of 1.544 Mbps is determined by 64 frames/second ((193 bits/frame 8 bits/DS0) + 1 FB).
What is a channelized T-1 rate?A channelized T-1 supports 24 DS0s; however, a T-1 frame only supports one byte of each DS0 supported. It is to be noted that the T-1 frame rate must be 8000 frames per second and it's frame length is 193 bits long.
A T1 line is a 1.544 Mbps synchronous digital transmission with certain signal characteristics. It is broken into 193 bits frames of 192 data bits + 1 framing bit. These frames occur at a rate of 8,000 per second. This equates to 1.536 Megabits per second.
Unchannelized T1 is a very new development. When T1, or Trunk Level 1, was introduced in the 1950s, it was intended to transport telephone traffic. Because each call is individual, the T1 frame was broken into 24 channels of 8 bits each.
Running at 8 Kbps, each channel has a capacity of 64 Kbps, which is sufficient for one toll-quality phone call. Using a T1 line in this manner is known as "Channelized T1."
Channelized T1 is still widely used today to connect several phone lines to a PBX system. It can replace up to 24 individual pairs of telephone cables. A single T1 line that combines all of those phone lines into a single four-wire connection is frequently significantly less expensive than operating them all individually.
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A forensics analyst is attempting a live acquisition of the contents of the memory of a running Linux device. In order to copy the blocked /dev/mem file with memdump or dd, the analyst must install a kernel driver. Recommend a framework that will enable the analyst to install a kernel driver.
Linux requires a small amount of RAM compared to other modern operating systems. You should have at least 8 MB, even though having at least 16 MB is highly recommended.
What memory of a running Linux device?To find out how much memory the computer has, run the Linux command cat /proc/meminfo. This command makes the data contained in the /proc directory's meminfo file available for viewing.
Therefore, MemTotal, which is given in the sample in bold, denotes the total amount of memory that will be exposed. The more RAM you have, the faster the system will work.
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b. you are the chief security administrator in your enterprise. you are asked to train every employee, from top-level officers to front gate security officers, to make them aware of various security risks. which training technique should you use?
Gamification.
Using gamification techniques, a boring task can become a fun challenge. Games are a great way to motivate employees because they will focus their attention and actively participate in the activity. Use incentives and techniques for positive reinforcement to at the very least make sure your cybersecurity objective is accomplished. Gamification in the training program will motivate the participants to pay attention. Another definition of true gamification is a system of rewards that constructively reinforces learning.
What is Gamification?
Gamification is the use of game-design elements and game principles in situations that are not game-related. It can also be described as a collection of methods and procedures for resolving issues by utilizing or putting to use game mechanics.
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the enp2s0 network interface has already been assigned the ip configuration 172.16.1.123/16. which command would you use to temporarily configure a second ip address of 192.168.0.123/24 for this network interface?
Individual network device software interfaces are managed by interface configuration (ifcfg) files.
In a specific ifcfg file, only one of the following directives should be used: DHCP HOSTNAME or DHCP FQDN. Only the latter is used if DHCP FQDN and DHCP HOSTNAME are both supplied. These files are used by the system at boot to decide which interfaces to start up and how to configure them. These files are typically identified by the term ifcfg-name, where name is the name of the device that the configuration file governs. By convention, the DEVICE directive's string value in the configuration file's own DEVICE directive serves as the suffix for the ifcfg file.
DEVICE=enp1s0\sBOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes \sPREFIX=24 \sIPADDR=10.0.1.27
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______ are the most secure type of backbone because they enable ACL and other security measures to be applied at the switch level
The ability to apply ACL and other security controls at the switch level makes VLAN the most secure type of backbone.
What is a backbone architecture?The backbone architecture describes how the backbone connects the networks that are connected to it and controls how packets from one network go across the backbone to other networks.The backbone component known as the distribution layer that links the LANs together. The core layer joins many backbone networks, frequently between structures.Because each segment of the network connected to the backbone has its own subnet addresses that can be managed individually, a routed backbone provides the main benefit of clearly segmenting each component of the network connected to it.To learn more about Backbone architecture refer to:
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here is the wacc function for u.s drug company merck. the wacc calculation has been hidden. what is the wacc
The WACC is 8.1%
What Is Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)?A firm's cost of capital is represented by its weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which assigns a proportional weight to each category of capital.WACC is frequently used as a benchmark rate by businesses and investors to determine the viability of a certain project or purchase.When calculating WACC, the cost of each capital source (debt and equity) is multiplied by the relevant weight by market value, and the results are added up to reach the final result.In discounted cash flow analysis, WACC is sometimes applied as the discount rate for future cash flows.Analysts, investors, and firm management can all benefit from WACC and its formula; each uses it for a different reason. Finding a company's cost of capital is important in corporate finance for a few reasons.WACC = Weight of debt*after tax cost of debt + weight of equity*cost of equity + weight of preferred stock*cost of preferred stock
WACC = 0.888*0.089 + 0.112*0.019 + 0*0
WACC = 0.079032 + 0.002128 + 0
WACC = 0.081 or 8.1%
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we can only make valid predictions for y values within the bounds of the minimum and maximum of x values for a dataset. attempting to predict outside this range is called
We can only make valid predictions for y values within the bounds of the minimum and maximum of x values for a dataset. Attempting to predict outside this range is called extrapolation.
Since, by extrapolating beyond the range of existing data, we are making predictions based on limited assumptions or knowledge. Therefore, predictions made by extrapolation are often considered less reliable and valid than predictions made with data points within the range of existing data.
What are the limitations of extrapolation?Extrapolation relies on limited data points and can lead to inaccurate predictions.It assumes that the data points that are available are representative of the entire population.It assumes that the pattern or trend that is extrapolated will remain constant over time.Extrapolated predictions cannot take into account any changes in the environment or other factors that may affect the outcome.Extrapolation can lead to over-simplified or biased predictions.Learn more about the limitations of extrapolation:
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you suspect that cache poisoning or spoofing has occurred on your network. users are complaining of strange web results and being redirected to undesirable sites. which log would help you determine what's going on?
A recovery facility known as a "cold site" may have electricity attached, but it lacks servers and high-speed data links.
For the majority of organizations, a cold site does not provide an adequate path to recovery. A full live mirror of the main site is known as a hot site. A network breach attempt by malicious actors is deterred by the deterrent control type. The likelihood that someone will attempt decreases as more deterrents are put in place. One of the most challenging logs to interpret is the one from a web server. However, you can determine the precise time and location of user logins using these logs. Logs of authentication are crucial to the security of a network.
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what is the full path and filename of the grub 2 file that is used for editing the default behavior of the bootloader menu?
The full path and filename of the grub 2 file that is used for editing the default behavior of the bootloader menu is etc/default/grub. The main configuration file to change menu display settings is known as grub and is located in the etc/default/grub.
The latest version of GNU GRUB is known as GRUB2. A bootloader has function as software to run when a computer starts. GRUB2 has main function to load and transfer control to the operating system kernel. The kernel is called Linux, in Fedora. GRUB2 regonize the similar boot functionality as GRUB1 but GRUB2 is also a mainframe-like command-based pre-OS environment and lets more flexibility during the pre-boot phase.
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Which of these formulas uses relative cell references? A 5*10 B F18/2 C $A$10/100 D17+$D$1
Answer:
B F18/2
Explanation:
You are looking for a term that can be used to refer collectively to hard disks and SSDs inside a computer. Which of the following can you use?
-internal hard drives
-SANs
-memory sets
-optical storage devices
Internal hard disks can be used as a general term to refer to hard discs and SSDs found inside of machines.
Describe SSD.
In the hierarchy of computer storage, a solid-state drive (SSD) is a solid-state storage device that employs integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, generally using flash memory. Despite the fact that SSDs lack the physical spinning discs and moving read-write heads used in hard disc drives (HDDs) and floppy discs, they are also sometimes referred to as semiconductor storage systems, solid-state devices, or solid-state discs. SSDs have such a lot of intrinsic parallelism for data processing.
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which encryption method in bitlocker prevents attackers from accessing data by booting from another os or placing the hard drive in another computer?
An encryption method in BitLocker which prevents attackers from accessing data by booting from another OS or placing the hard drive in another computer is: D. Full disk encryption.
What is encryption?In Computer technology, an encryption can be defined as a form of cryptography and it is a process that typically involves converting or encoding information in plain text into a code, known as a ciphertext.
Generally speaking, an information or data that has been encrypted can only be accessed and deciphered by an authorized user who has the right private or public key, depending on the encryption technique.
In Computer programming, some examples of encryption algorithms with a private or public key include the following:
3DESAESRC4RC5RSAIn conclusion, full disk encryption (FDE) is used in BitLocker to prevent attackers from accessing user data by booting from another operating system (OS).
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Complete Question:
Which encryption method in BitLocker prevents attackers from accessing data by booting from another OS or placing the hard drive in another computer?
Filesystem cryptography
Blockchain
GNU privacy guard
Full disk encryption
which if statement is written properly? a)if (boolean expression): // code to execute // code to execute b)if boolean expression { // code to execute // code to execute } c)if(boolean expression) { // code to execute // code to execute } d)if boolean expression [ // code to execute // code to execute ]
If the code is properly constructed, then if(boolean expression) { // code to execute // code to execute } will be executed .
What is a boolean?
The Boolean data type in computer science (often shortened to Bool) is meant to represent the two values of logic and Boolean mathematics and can take one of two values (typically labelled true and false). It bears George Boole's name because he was the first to define an algebraic system of logic inside the middle of the nineteenth century. The Boolean data type is most often related to conditional, which enable various operations by altering control flow based on whether a programmer-specified Binary condition evaluates to true or false. It is a specific instance of a more general form of logical data; logic need be not Boolean (see probabilistic logic).
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST IF RIGHT Which of these is a NOT function in Python?
input
variable
print
round
The input function is not a NOT function in Python. The input function is a built-in function in Python that is used to read input from the user.
What are built-in functions?A built-in function is a function that is included in the core programming language, and that is available to the programmer without any additional installation or setup.
Built-in functions are typically provided by the language's standard library, and they are designed to perform common or fundamental operations. For example, in the Python programming language, some built-in functions include print, len, abs, max, and min.
These functions are available to the programmer by default, and they can be called directly from within the code.
Built-in functions can be very useful, as they provide a standard set of tools that are available in any Python environment, and they can save the programmer time and effort by providing common operations that are already implemented and tested.
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TRUE/FALSE as with other programming languages, improper structure, syntax, or systems testing can cause scripts to negatively impact a machine.
Answer: false
Explanation:
write an advertisement for a user support position. find one or more ads online or in your local newspaper for information technology and user support positions. note the format and content of a typical help wanted ad in the it field. select a user support description you find through an online search, and then write a classified ad that could be used to attract job applicants for the position whose description you selected.
The ways to write an advertisement for a user support position is given below
Choose the medium. You must first determine the media for which you will write your advertisement.Review the marketing materials of rivals.Determine who your audience is.Make up a headline.incorporate a hook.Use the second person.List a challenge.Offer a resolution.What exactly do you mean by promotion?An advertising, sometimes referred to as an advert or ad, is typically seen as a form of public discourse that supports a good, service, organization, or event.
Some people may view the phrase as going even further than that, encompassing any form of sponsored advertising intended to inform or persuade.
Lastly, some of its types are: Native advertising, mobile advertising, video advertising, display advertising, and more
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A cell phone provider charges $69. 99 per month for unlimited phone calls plus 5 cents per text message. Which of these is the correct number sentence to describe the cost of the cell phone usage for 6 months and 350 text messages each of those months?.
The equation that is described the text is b. $69.99×6 + ($0.05 x 350 x 6) = $524.94. To determine the amount of value of the cell phone usage we can use linear equation.
Linear equation is equations of the first order. The linear equation is explained for lines in the coordinate system.
From the scenario, we know that a cell phone provider charges $69. 99 per month, plus 5 cents per text message. we convert 5 percent, then it will be 0.05. The cell phone is used for 6 months and 350 texts, then to calculate the total cost it can be written as below:
$69.99×6 + ($0.05 x 350 x 6) = $524.94
The option is missing. Here the complete option:
a $69.99 + ($0.05 x 350 x 6) = $174.99
b $69.99×6 + ($0.05 x 350 x 6) = $524.94
c $69.99×6 + ($0.5 x 350 x 6) = $1469.94
d $69.99 + ($0.05 x 350) = $87.49
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define a function swapfrontend() that has an integer vector parameter passed by reference, and swaps the first and last elements of the vector parameter. the function does not return any value.
Answer:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void swapfrontend(vector<int> &v)
{
int temp = v[0];
v[0] = v[v.size() - 1];
v[v.size() - 1] = temp;
}
int main()
{
vector<int> v;
int num;
cout << "Enter numbers to be inserted in the vector, then enter -1 to stop.\n";
cin >> num;
while (num != -1)
{
v.push_back(num);
cin >> num;
}
swapfrontend(v);
cout << "Here are the values in the vector:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
cout << v[i] << endl;
return 0;
}
Paulo is working on the Access report, as shown below.
What is the first step that he should follow in order to show only the records for items that were sold for more than $1.99?
a. He should select the Price Paid field and right-click on it, then choose Number Filters.
b. He should go to the Design tab, click on Group and Sort, then click the Price Paid field.
c. He should go to the Arrange tab, click on Group and Sort, then choose Number Filters.
d. He should select the Price Paid field and highlight it, then click on the Filter tab.
The first step that he should follow in order to show only the records for items that were sold for more than $1.99 is option a. He should select the Price Paid field and right-click on it, then choose Number Filters.
How do I select numbers to filter in Excel?By choosing Data > Filter. Choose Text Filters or Number Filters before choosing a comparison, such as Between. After entering your filter criteria, click "OK."
Note that In the Sort & Filter group on the Data tab, select Filter, A list with filter options will appear when you click the arrow in the column header. Note Microsoft Excel shows either Text Filters or Number Filters in the list depending on the kind of data in the column.
Therefore, Filter by Selection: To use the datasheet view filter to select all the rows in a table that have a value that corresponds to the value that has been chosen in a particular row. To filter on multiple fields in a form or datasheet, or if you're looking for a specific record, use the "filter by form" option.
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Network engineers have the option of using software to configure and control the network rather than relying on individual static configuration files that are located on each network device.
Which of the following is a relatively new technology that allows network and security professionals to use software to manage, control, and make changes to a network?
Software-defined networking (SDN)
TRUE. Network engineers have the option of using software to configure and control the network rather than relying on individual static configuration files that are located on each network device. SDN (Software-defined networking) is a relatively new technology that allows network and security professionals to use software to manage , control, and make changes to a network.
About Software-defined networking (SDN)SDN is a method or paradigm that separates the Control Plane and the Forwarding Plane. On traditional networks or non-SDN networks, the two functions above are in the same device. The Control Plane itself is the function of setting or controlling a network device, while the Forwarding Plane is the function of sending information packets.
If we quote the term from the SDxCentral Control Plane, we can liken it to a "brain" that manages data traffic, while the Forwarding Plane can be likened to a "muscle" which only functions to send packets to the destination according to the brain's request. So that even network settings are easier by using SDN
Facts and Needs of SDN Virtualization and Cloud: Hybrid network components and entities – between physical bare metal and virtual ones Orchestration and Scalability: The ability to orchestrate and manage thousands of devices through a single point of management Programmability and Automation: Ability to change network behavior and to be able to make these changes automatically (for example, troubleshooting capabilities, policy changes, etc.) Visibility: The ability to be able to monitor the network, both in terms of resources, connectivity and others. Performance: Ability to maximize the use of network devices, for example bandwidth optimization, load balancing, traffic engineering and others (related to Programmability and Scalability)Learn more about SDN at https://brainly.com/question/11058708.
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it 342 hw 11 (100 pts each) describe how a page fault is handled? what are file attributes? what operations can be performed on files and directories? why are some distinct? compare and contrast sequential to direct access. how is a tree-structured directory different from a acyclic-graph directory?
In the Operating System, once the virtual address that produced the Page Fault is determined, it verifies that the address is genuine and makes sure there are no issues with protection or access.
The system checks to verify if a page frame is free if the virtual address is legitimate. The page replacement algorithm is used to remove a page if there are no empty frames.
Every file and directory has information called file attributes that contain additional details about the file or its contents. Like an On or Off state, they can only be in one of two states: Set or Cleared. Files, folders, volumes, and specific system objects can include attributes.
Various operations that can be performed on Files are Creating, Writing, Reading, Repositioning, Deleting and Truncating.The actions that can be taken on directories include searching, creating, deleting, listing, renaming, link and unlink.
Some operations are different for files and directories because of the way information are stored in them. The management of data on the disc is the responsibility of the file system. Files contain information, which are kept in directories (folders). A directory tree is created when directories store additional directories. The root directory of the entire filesystem is just /.
Access to each element must be made sequentially, starting at the beginning and going through each one one at a time. Any element may be directly accessed by using its index number or address to find it. There is direct access with arrays. CDs had direct access in the tree structured directories.
In a tree-structured directory, a directory's subdirectories or files may exist. Directories can be added or removed using specific system calls.
Sharing of directories or files is not permitted in a tree structure. Directories can exchange files and subdirectories on an acyclic graph, which lacks cycles.
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