Answer:
Contributions of political institutions are diverse, and very important for any society.
Explanation:
Institutions contribute to the law and order of a nation. They also help define and determine the government structure of a place. Institutions also promote economic development by incentivizing investment if certain specific institutions are in place, like property rights enforcement, and impartial laws. In fact, this last aspects has been explored at length by economists like Amartya Sen and Daron Acemoglu.
Difine the following
1 operetional cost
2 social cost and
3 complementary goods
Answer:
1. expenses related to the operation of a business
2.sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction
3. complementary good is a good whose appeal increases with the popularity of its complement.
Following are the transactions of a new company called Pose-for-Pics. Aug. 1 Madison Harris, the owner, invested $6,700 cash and $33,700 of photography equipment in the company in exchange for common stock. 2 The company paid $2,300 cash for an insurance policy covering the next 24 months. 5 The company purchased office supplies for $900 cash. 20 The company received $3,531 cash in photography fees earned. 31 The company paid $695 cash for August utilities. Required: 1. Post the transactions to the T-accounts. 2. Use the amounts from the T-accounts in Requirement (1) to prepare an August 31 trial balance for Pose-for-Pics.
Answer:
1. See the attached excel file for the T-accounts.
2. Total of credit side = Total of debit side = $43,931
Explanation:
1. Post the transactions to the T-accounts.
Note: See the attached excel file for the T-accounts.
2. Use the amounts from the T-accounts in Requirement (1) to prepare an August 31 trial balance for Pose-for-Pics.
The trial balance will look as follows:
Pose-for-Pics
Trial balance
For August, 31
Details Debit ($) Credit ($)
Cash 6,336
Equipment 33,700
Common stock 40,400
Prepaid Insurance 2,204
Insurance Expenses 96
Office Supplies 900
Photography fees 3,531
Utilities Expense 695
Total 43,931 43,931
The optimal risky portfolio can be identified by finding ____________. I. the minimum variance point on the efficient frontier II. the maximum return point on the efficient frontier the minimum variance point on the efficient frontier III. the tangency point of the capital market line and the efficient frontier IV. the line with the steepest slope that connects the risk free rate to the efficient frontier A. I and II only B. II and III only C. I and IV only D. III and IV only
Answer:
D. III and IV only.
Explanation:
Portfolio variance can be defined as the measurement of risk or dispersion of returns of a set of securities that makes up a portfolio fluctuate over a period of time.
Simply stated, portfolio variance is typically the total returns of the portfolio over a specific period of time.
In order to calculate the portfolio variance, the standard deviations of each security in the portfolio with their respective correlations security pair in the portfolio would be used. Portfolio variance is the square of standard deviation.
A two-asset portfolio with a standard deviation of zero can be formed when the assets have a correlation coefficient equal to negative one (-1) because this defines the efficiency frontier. In Economical portfolio theory, the efficient frontier is a group of optimal portfolios that offers an investor the highest expected return for a specific risk level or offers the lowest risk for a defined level of expected return.
A common risk can be defined as a type of risk that affects the entirety of a business firm or company and as such can't be diversified.
Generally, the optimal risky portfolio can be identified by finding the tangency point of the capital market line and the efficient frontier and the line with the steepest slope that connects the risk free rate to the efficient frontier.
15. Consider a no-load mutual fund with $400 million in assets, 50 million in debt, and 15 million shares at the start of the year; and $500 million in assets, 40 million in debt, and 18 million shares at the end of the year. During the year investors have received income distributions of $0.50 per share, and capital gains distributions of $0.30 per share. Assuming that the fund carries no debt, and that the total expense ratio is 0.75%, what is the rate of return on the fund
Answer:
12.09%.
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the rate of return on the fund
First step is to calculate the beginning year NAV
Beginning year NAV = ($400 million assets - 50 million debt) / 15 million shares
Beginning year NAV = 23.33
Second step is to calculate the ending year NAV
Ending year NAV = ($500 million assets - (500*0.75% expense) - 40 million debt] / 18 million shares
Ending year NAV =[456.25/18 million shares]
Ending year NAV =25.35
Now let calculate the return using this formula
Return = (Ending NAV -beginning NAV + Capital gain + income) / Beginning NAV)
Let plug in the formula
Return = (25.35-23.33+0.30+0.50)/23.33
Return = 12.09%
Therefore the rate of return on the fund is 12.09%
The following is selected information from Windsor, Inc. for the fiscal year ending October 31, 2022. Cash received from customers $129000 Revenue recognized 193500 Cash paid for expenses 73100 Cash paid for computers on November 1, 2021 that will be used for 3 years 20640 Expenses incurred including any depreciation 102340 Proceeds from a bank loan, part of which was used to pay for the computers 43000 Based on the accrual basis of accounting, what is Windsor's net income for the year ending October 31, 2022