Q.4.1:Anomaly Monitoring and Behavioral Monitoring are two of the most commonly used monitoring methods in organizations. Anomaly Monitoring analyzes data for unusual occurrences that might indicate a threat, while Behavioral Monitoring looks for anomalies in user behavior patterns.
Q.4.2:To prevent session hijacking attacks, stateful packet filtering should be used. This is because it is able to keep track of session states, which enables it to detect when a session has been hijacked or taken over.
Q.4.3:To stop data breaches that occur due to employees sharing sensitive information with unauthorized users, ABC organization can implement a data loss prevention (DLP) solution.
Q.4.1;Example: For example, let's say that an organization wants to monitor its financial transactions for fraud. In this case, anomaly monitoring would be more effective because it would be able to detect any unusual transactions, such as transactions that fall outside of the norm.
Behavioral monitoring, on the other hand, would be more useful in detecting insider threats, where an employee's behavior suddenly changes and indicates that they may be stealing data or accessing unauthorized files.
Q.4.2.When a session is hijacked, the attacker sends a fake packet to the victim that contains the session ID. Since the stateful firewall keeps track of session states, it will recognize that the fake packet does not match the session state and therefore will not allow it through, thereby preventing the session hijacking attack.
Q.4.3:This solution works by monitoring and detecting when sensitive data is being shared inappropriately, and then blocking the data from being shared. It can do this by using a variety of techniques, such as scanning email attachments, monitoring network traffic, and even analyzing user behavior patterns.
For example, if an employee tries to send an email that contains sensitive data to an unauthorized user, the DLP solution will detect this and block the email from being sent.
Similarly, if an employee tries to access a sensitive file that they are not authorized to access, the DLP solution will detect this and block the access. This prevents data breaches by ensuring that sensitive data is only shared with authorized users and is not leaked to unauthorized users.
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In the DAX Calculation Process, what is the purpose of "applying the filters to the tables in the Power Pivot data tables?"
A. It will recalculate the measure in the Measure Area.
B. It will apply these filters to the PivotTable.
C. It will apply these filters to all related tables.
D. It will recalculate the measure in the PivotTable.
In the DAX calculation process, the purpose of "applying the filters to the tables in the Power Pivot data tables" is to recalculate the measure in the Measure Area.
The correct answer to the given question is option D.
Application of filters. The application of filters in the DAX calculation process is used to limit the number of rows available in the calculation of data values.
It also helps to remove irrelevant data from the model. This means that users can apply the filters to all the related tables in the model.In the DAX calculation process, once the filters are applied to the tables in the Power Pivot data tables, it will apply these filters to all related tables.
The filters are applied to the PivotTable to limit the number of rows that will be included in the calculation of data values.This means that when the filters are applied to the tables in the Power Pivot data tables, it will recalculate the measure in the Measure Area. The application of the filters ensures that the PivotTable is refreshed and recalculated to ensure that the data values are accurate.
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Write a function called char count, which counts the occurrences of char1 in C-string str1. Note: you may not use any library functions (e.g. strlen, strcmp, etc. ) // Count the number of occurrences of charl in C−string str1 int char count(char str1[], char char1) \{ //YOUR CODE HERE // Example of using function char count() to find how many times character ' d ' occurs in string "hello world". int main (void) \{ char my str trmp[]= "hello world"; char my char tmp = ' ′
; : int my count = 0
; my count = char count (my str tmp, my, char trop); printf ("8s. has fo od times \n ′′
, my str, tmp, my, char, tmp, my count) \}
The function called char count, which counts the occurrences of char1 in C-string str1 is given by the following code:
#include
using namespace std;
int char_count(char str1[], char char1) {
int count = 0;
for(int i = 0; str1[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
if(char1 == str1[i])
++count;
}
return count;
}
int main () {
char my_str[] = "hello world";
char my_char = 'd';
int my_count = 0;
my_count = char_count(my_str, my_char);
cout << my_str << " has " << my_count << " times " << my_char << endl;
return 0;
}
So, the answer to the given question is, "The function called char count, which counts the occurrences of char1 in C-string str1 is given by the above code. The function char count counts the number of occurrences of charl in C−string str1. Also, the function uses a for loop to iterate over the string and checks if the current character is equal to the desired character. If so, the count variable is incremented. At last, the function returns the final count of the desired character in the string. Thus, the conclusion is that this function is used to find the count of a specific character in a string."
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Your script should allow users to specify replacement directories for the default directories ∼/ dailyingest, ∼/ shortvideos, and ∼/ badfiles; if no replacements are specified as arguments, the defaults will be used. Your script should check that the target directories exist and can be written to. If a particular directory (such as ∼ /shortvideos/byReporter/Anne) doesn't exist yet, your script must create it first.
The script provides functionality for users to define alternative directories for the default directories ∼/dailyingest, ∼/shortvideos, and ∼/badfiles.
What happens when there is no replacement?If no replacement directories are specified as arguments, the script falls back to using the default directories. It performs a check to ensure that the target directories exist and have write permissions.
If a specific directory, such as ∼/shortvideos/byReporter/Anne, doesn't already exist, the script takes care of creating it before proceeding. This ensures that the required directory structure is in place for proper file organization and storage.
By offering flexibility in directory selection and handling directory creation when needed, the script streamlines the process of managing and organizing files.
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I want regexe for java that match year before 2000 for example 2001 not accepted 1999 1899 accepted
The second alternative `18\\d{2}` matches years starting with "18" followed by any two digits.
How can I create a regex pattern in Java to match years before 2000?The provided regular expression pattern `^(19\\d{2}|18\\d{2})$` is designed to match years before 2000 in Java.
It uses the caret (`^`) and dollar sign (`$`) anchors to ensure that the entire string matches the pattern from start to end.
The pattern consists of two alternatives separated by the pipe (`|`) symbol.
The first alternative `19\\d{2}` matches years starting with "19" followed by any two digits.
By using this regular expression pattern with the `matches()` method, you can determine if a given year is before 2000 or not.
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Study the scenario and complete the question(s) that follow: In most computer security contexts, user authentication is the fundamental building block and the primary line of defence. User authentication is the basis for most types of access control and for user accountability. The process of verifying an identity claimed by or for a system entity. An authentication process consists of two steps: - Identification step: Presenting an identifier to the security system. (Identifiers should be assigned carefully, because authenticated identities are the basis for other security services, such as access control service.) - Verification step: Presenting or generating authentication information that corroborates the binding between the entity and the identifier. 2.1 Discuss why passwordless authentication are now preferred more than password authentication although password authentication is still widely used (5 Marks) 2.2 As an operating system specialist why would you advise people to use both federated login and single sign-on. 5 Marks) 2.3 Given that sessions hold users' authenticated state, the fact of compromising the session management process may lead to wrong users to bypass the authentication process or even impersonate as other user. Propose some guidelines to consider when implementing the session management process. (5 Marks) 2.4 When creating a password, some applications do not allow password such as 1111 aaaaa, abcd. Why do you think this practice is important
2.1 Password less authentication is now preferred more than password authentication due to various reasons. Password authentication requires users to create and remember complex passwords, which is a difficult and time-consuming process.
If users create an easy-to-guess password, the security risk becomes very high, while an overly complicated password is difficult to remember. Hackers also use a number of techniques to hack passwords, such as brute force attacks, dictionary attacks, and phishing attacks. In addition, people also reuse their passwords for multiple accounts, making it easier for hackers to access those accounts. Password less authentication methods, such as biometrics or a physical security key, eliminate these problems.
2.2 As an operating system specialist, I would advise people to use both federated login and single sign-on. Federated login allows users to use the same credentials to access multiple applications or services. This eliminates the need for users to remember multiple passwords for different services. Single sign-on (SSO) is also a way to eliminate the need to remember multiple passwords. With SSO, users only need to sign in once to access multiple applications or services. It provides a more streamlined authentication experience for users. Together, these two methods offer a secure and user-friendly authentication experience.
2.3 When implementing the session management process, some guidelines that should be considered are:
Limit the session time: Sessions should not remain open for a long time, as this would allow hackers to use them. After a certain time, the session should expire.
Avoid session fixation: Session fixation is a technique used by hackers to gain access to user accounts. Developers should ensure that session IDs are not sent through URLs and the session ID is regenerated each time the user logs in.
Use HTTPS: To secure data in transit, use HTTPS. It ensures that data sent between the server and the client is encrypted to prevent interception.
Avoid session hijacking: Developers should use secure coding practices to prevent session hijacking attacks.
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in satir’s communication roles, the _____ avoids conflict at the cost of his or her integrity.
In Satir's communication roles, the "Placater" avoids conflict at the cost of his or her integrity.
Placaters' speech patterns include flattering, nurturing, and supporting others to prevent conflicts and keep harmony. They prefer to agree with others rather than express their true feelings or opinions. Placaters are also known for their tendency to apologize even when they are not at fault. They seek to please everyone, fearing that they will be rejected or disapproved of by others if they do not comply with their expectations. Placaters' fear of rejection often leads them to suppress their own emotions and ignore their needs to maintain a positive relationship with others. Therefore, Satir has given significant importance to identifying the Placater in communication roles.
Conclusion:In Satir's communication roles, the "Placater" avoids conflict by pleasing others, neglecting their own feelings and opinions. Their speech patterns include flattery and apology. They prefer to keep harmony, fearing rejection from others if they do not comply with their expectations. They suppress their emotions to maintain positive relationships with others.
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Given a binary tree using the BinaryTree class in chapter 7.5 of your online textbook, write a function CheckBST(btree) that checks if it is a binary search tree, where btree is an instance of the BinaryTree class. Question 2 In the lecture, we introduced the implementation of binary heap as a min heap. For this question, implement a binary heap as a Maxheap class that contains at least three member functions: - insert (k) adds a new item to the heap. - EindMax() returns the item with the maximum key value, leaving item in the heap.
Here is the Python code implementation of the CheckBST function and MaxHeap class: Function to Check if a Binary Tree is a Binary Search Tree
def CheckBST(btree):
def CheckBSTHelper(node, min_val, max_val):
if node is None:
return True
if node.key < min_val or node.key > max_val:
return False
return (CheckBSTHelper(node.left, min_val, node.key - 1) and
CheckBSTHelper(node.right, node.key + 1, max_val))
return CheckBSTHelper(btree.root, float("-inf"), float("inf"))```
Class for MaxHeap```python
class MaxHeap:
def __init__(self):
self.heap_list = [0]
self.size = 0
def percolate_up(self, i):
while i // 2 > 0:
if self.heap_list[i] > self.heap_list[i // 2]:
self.heap_list[i], self.heap_list[i // 2] = \
self.heap_list[i // 2], self.heap_list[i]
i //= 2
def insert(self, k):
self.heap_list.append(k)
self.size += 1
self.percolate_up(self.size)
def percolate_down(self, i):
while (i * 2) <= self.size:
mc = self.max_child(i)
if self.heap_list[i] < self.heap_list[mc]:
self.heap_list[i], self.heap_list[mc] = \
self.heap_list[mc], self.heap_list[i]
i = mc
def max_child(self, i):
if (i * 2) + 1 > self.size:
return i * 2
else:
if self.heap_list[i * 2] > self.heap_list[(i * 2) + 1]:
return i * 2
else:
return (i * 2) + 1
def find_max(self):
if self.size > 0:
return self.heap_list[1]
else:
return None
def del_max(self):
if self.size == 0:
return None
max_val = self.heap_list[1]
self.heap_list[1] = self.heap_list[self.size]
self.size -= 1
self.heap_list.pop()
self.percolate_down(1)
return max_val
A binary tree can be checked if it is a binary search tree or not by traversing through all the nodes of the tree and checking whether it satisfies the properties of binary search tree or not.
Binary Heap can be implemented as MaxHeap and the methods that it can include are insert(k), find_max(), and del_max() which add new item to heap, return the maximum key value item and delete the maximum item respectively.
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The waterfall model is the traditional model for software development. Using a diagram, show the FIVE (5) main stages of the model and how they are related.
The waterfall model follows a sequential approach to software development, with distinct stages of requirements gathering, design, architecture, implementation, and testing. It emphasizes thorough planning and documentation but lacks flexibility for iterative changes.
The waterfall model is the traditional model for software development. It is also referred to as a linear-sequential life cycle model. This model suggests that the stages of software development should be performed in a linear manner, with each stage beginning only when the previous stage is completed.
Here are the five main stages of the waterfall model and how they are related:
Requirements Gathering: This is the first stage of the waterfall model, in which the requirements for the software are gathered from the client. The gathered requirements are analyzed and the feasibility of the project is evaluated. The result of this stage is a document that specifies all the requirements for the software system. Design: The design stage is where the software architecture is defined. This is where the developers create the blueprint for the software system based on the gathered requirements. In this stage, developers must keep the software requirements in mind while designing the software. Architecture:This stage involves creating a high-level software architecture based on the requirements and design of the software system. It is where the system's structure is defined and all of the components are identified.Implementation:The implementation stage is where the actual software code is written based on the design and architecture. This stage involves translating the design documents into actual code, which is then compiled and tested.Testing:This is the final stage of the waterfall model, in which the software is tested to ensure that it meets the specified requirements. The software is tested by using various methods like unit testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Once all testing is completed and all defects are fixed, the software is ready to be delivered to the client.Learn more about The waterfall model: brainly.com/question/14079212
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You have to create a game namely rock, paper, scissors in the c language without using arrays, structures, and pointers.
use stdio.h library and loops statements. please give an explanation of code.
1) Both of the players have to type their choice, such as R, S, P. R represents rock, S represents Scissors, P represents paper.
2) If the chosen values are not appropriate type (error) and ask to retype the value again, additionally if the values are the same, ask to retype the choice again.
3) At the end, the program has to print the winner, and ask them to play a game again by typing (yes/Y) or any other value that means no and the game ends.
Rock, paper, scissors game in C language using loops statementsThe rock, paper, scissors game is a game that can be played between two players. In this game, the players have to type their choice, such as R, S, P. R represents rock, S represents Scissors, P represents paper.Here is the code for the game in C language:long answer
The game’s loop will run until the user types an incorrect input or chooses to end the game (when a player enters a value that is not equal to ‘y’ or ‘Y’).Step 1: Create the necessary libraries#include Step 2: Declare the main functionint main(){ // your code goes here }Step 3: Define the necessary variableschar user1; char user2; int flag = 0; char playAgain;Step 4: Start the game loopdo { // your code goes here } while (playAgain == 'y' || playAgain == 'Y');Step 5: Request user inputsprintf("Player 1 enter your choice (R, P, or S): ");
scanf(" %c", &user1); printf("Player 2 enter your choice (R, P, or S): "); scanf(" %c", &user2);Step 6: Check if the inputs are valid and ask for reentry if they are invalidif ((user1 != 'R' && user1 != 'S' && user1 != 'P') || (user2 != 'R' && user2 != 'S' && user2 != 'P')) { printf("Invalid choice. Please try again.\n"); flag = 1; } else if (user1 == user2) { printf("It's a tie. Please try again.\n"); flag = 1; }Step 7: Determine the winner and print the resultif (flag == 0) { if ((user1 == 'R' && user2 == 'S') || (user1 == 'P' && user2 == 'R') || (user1 == 'S' && user2 == 'P')) { printf("Player 1 wins!\n"); } else { printf("Player 2 wins!\n"); } printf("Do you want to play again? (y/n): "); scanf(" %c", &playAgain); flag = 0; }Step 8: End the game loop and exit the program}while (playAgain == 'y' || playAgain == 'Y');return 0;}
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If the player chooses to play again, the loop continues. If the player chooses not to play again, the game stats are printed and the program exits.
Here is the code to create a Rock, Paper, Scissors game in the C language without using arrays, structures, and pointers:```
#include
#include
#include
int main() {
char player_choice, computer_choice;
int player_win_count = 0, computer_win_count = 0, tie_count = 0, game_count = 0;
char play_again = 'y';
printf("Welcome to the Rock, Paper, Scissors game!\n\n");
while (play_again == 'y' || play_again == 'Y') {
printf("Choose (R)ock, (P)aper, or (S)cissors: ");
scanf(" %c", &player_choice);
// convert lowercase to uppercase
if (player_choice >= 'a' && player_choice <= 'z') {
player_choice -= 32;
}
// validate input
while (player_choice != 'R' && player_choice != 'P' && player_choice != 'S') {
printf("Invalid input. Please choose (R)ock, (P)aper, or (S)cissors: ");
scanf(" %c", &player_choice);
if (player_choice >= 'a' && player_choice <= 'z') {
player_choice -= 32;
}
}
// generate computer choice
srand(time(NULL));
switch (rand() % 3) {
case 0:
computer_choice = 'R';
printf("Computer chooses rock.\n");
break;
case 1:
computer_choice = 'P';
printf("Computer chooses paper.\n");
break;
case 2:
computer_choice = 'S';
printf("Computer chooses scissors.\n");
break;
}
// determine winner
if (player_choice == computer_choice) {
printf("Tie!\n");
tie_count++;
} else if ((player_choice == 'R' && computer_choice == 'S') || (player_choice == 'P' && computer_choice == 'R') || (player_choice == 'S' && computer_choice == 'P')) {
printf("You win!\n");
player_win_count++;
} else {
printf("Computer wins!\n");
computer_win_count++;
}
// increment game count
game_count++;
// ask to play again
printf("\nDo you want to play again? (Y/N): ");
scanf(" %c", &play_again);
}
// print game stats
printf("\nGame stats:\n");
printf("Total games: %d\n", game_count);
printf("Player wins: %d\n", player_win_count);
printf("Computer wins: %d\n", computer_win_count);
printf("Ties: %d\n", tie_count);
return 0;
}
```The game starts by welcoming the player and then entering a while loop that continues as long as the player wants to play again. Inside the loop, the player is prompted to choose either rock, paper, or scissors, and their input is validated. If the input is not valid, the player is prompted to enter a valid input. If the player's and the computer's choices are the same, the game is tied. If the player wins, the player's win count is incremented. If the computer wins, the computer's win count is incremented. At the end of the game, the player is asked if they want to play again.
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//Complete the following console program:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
class Student
{
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public Student () { }
public Student (int id, String name, int age) { }
public void setId( int s ) { }
public int getId() { }
public void setName(String s) { }
public String getName() { }
public void setAge( int a ) { }
public int getAge()
{ }
//compare based on id
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
}
//compare based on id
public int compareTo(Student stu) {
}
public String toString()
{
}
}
public class StudentDB
{ private static Scanner keyboard=new Scanner(System.in);
//Desc: Maintains a database of Student records. The database is stored in binary file Student.data
//Input: User enters commands from keyboard to manipulate database.
//Output:Database updated as directed by user.
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
ArrayList v=new ArrayList();
File s=new File("Student.data");
if (s.exists()) loadStudent(v);
int choice=5; do {
System.out.println("\t1. Add a Student record"); System.out.println("\t2. Remove a Student record"); System.out.println("\t3. Print a Student record"); System.out.println("\t4. Print all Student records"); System.out.println("\t5. Quit"); choice= keyboard.nextInt();
keyboard.nextLine();
switch (choice) {
case 1: addStudent(v); break; case 2: removeStudent(v); break; case 3: printStudent(v); break; case 4: printAllStudent(v); break; default: break; }
} while (choice!=5);
storeStudent(v); }
//Input: user enters an integer (id), a string (name), an integer (age) from the // keyboard all on separate lines
//Post: The input record added to v if id does not exist
//Output: various prompts as well as "Student added" or "Add failed: Student already exists" // printed on the screen accordingly
public static void addStudent(ArrayList v) {
}
//Input: user enters an integer (id) from the keyboard //Post: The record in v whose id field matches the input removed from v.
//Output: various prompts as well as "Student removed" or "Remove failed: Student does not // exist" printed on the screen accordingly
public static void removeStudent(ArrayList v) {
}
//Input: user enters an integer (id) from the keyboard //Output: various prompts as well as the record in v whose id field matches the input printed on the // screen or "Print failed: Student does not exist" printed on the screen accordingly
public static void printStudent(ArrayList v) {
}
//Output: All records in v printed on the screen.
public static void printAllStudent(ArrayList v) {
}
//Input: Binary file Student.data must exist and contains student records.
//Post: All records in Student.data loaded into ArrayList v.
public static void loadStudent(ArrayList v) throws IOException
{
}
//Output: All records in v written to binary file Student.data.
public static void storeStudent(ArrayList v) throws IOException
{
}
}
/*
Hint:
• Methods such as remove, get, and indexOf of class ArrayList are useful.
Usage: public int indexOf (Object obj)
Return: The index of the first occurrence of obj in this ArrayList object as determined by the equals method of obj; -1 if obj is not in the ArrayList.
Usage: public boolean remove(Object obj)
Post: If obj is in this ArrayList object as determined by the equals method of obj, the first occurrence of obj in this ArrayList object is removed. Each component in this ArrayList object with an index greater or equal to obj's index is shifted downward to have an index one smaller than the value it had previously; size is decreased by 1.
Return: true if obj is in this ArrayList object; false otherwise.
Usage: public T get(int index)
Pre: index >= 0 && index < size()
Return: The element at index in this ArrayList.
*/
The code that has been given is an implementation of ArrayList in Java. An ArrayList is a resizable array in Java that can store elements of different data types. An ArrayList contains many useful methods for manipulation of its elements.
Here, the program allows the user to maintain a database of student records in the form of a binary file that is read and written using the loadStudent() and storeStudent() methods respectively. An ArrayList named 'v' is created which holds all the records of students. Each record is stored in an object of the class Student. In order to add a record to the list, the addStudent() method is used, which asks for the user to input the id, name, and age of the student. The program also checks if a student with the same id already exists. If it does not exist, the program adds the student record to the list, else it prints "Add failed: Student already exists". In order to remove a record, the user is asked to input the id of the student whose record is to be removed. The program then searches the list for the student record using the indexOf() method, and removes the record using the remove() method. If a student with the given id does not exist, the program prints "Remove failed: Student does not exist". In order to print a single record, the user is again asked to input the id of the student whose record is to be printed. The program then searches for the record using the indexOf() method and prints the record using the toString() method of the Student class. If a student with the given id does not exist, the program prints "Print failed: Student does not exist". The printAllStudent() method prints all the records in the ArrayList by looping through it.
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Purpose. We are building our own shell to understand how bash works and to understand the Linux process and file API. Instructions. In this assignment we will add only one feature: redirection. To direct a command's output to a file, the syntax "> outfile" is used. To read a command's input from a file, the syntax "< infile" is used. Your extended version of msh should extend the previous version of msh to handle commands like these: $./msh msh >1 s−1> temp.txt msh > sort < temp.txt > temp-sorted.txt The result of these commands should be that the sorted output of "Is -l" is in file temp-sorted.txt. Your shell builtins (like 'cd' and 'help') do not have to handle redirection. Only one new Linux command is needed: dup2. You will use dup2 for both input and output redirection. The basic idea is that if you see redirection on the command line, you open the file or files, and then use dup2. dup2 is a little tricky. Please check out this dup2 slide deck that explains dup2 and gives hints on how to do the homework. Starter code. On mlc104, the directory /home/CLASSES/Bruns1832/cst334/hw/hw5/msh4 contains the file msh4.c that you can use as your starting point. Note that this code is a solution to the previous msh assignment. Testing your code. On mlc104, the directory /home/CLASSES/Bruns1832/cst334/hw/hw5/msh4 contains test files test*.sh and a Makefile. Copy these to the directory where you will develop your file msh.c. Each test should give exit status 0 , like this: $./ test1.sh $ echo \$? You need to run test1.sh first, as it will compile your code and produce binary file 'msh' that is used by the other tests. To use the Makefile, enter the command 'make' to run the tests. If you enter the command 'make clean', temporary files created by testing will be deleted.
The purpose of building our own shell is to understand how bash works and to gain knowledge about the Linux process and file API.
The extended version of msh (shell) should include the functionality to handle redirection. Redirection allows us to direct a command's output to a file using the syntax "> outfile" and to read a command's input from a file using the syntax "< infile".
For example, to store the sorted output of the command "ls -l" in a file named "temp-sorted.txt", we can use the command "ls -l > temp-sorted.txt".
It is important to note that your shell built-ins, such as 'cd' and 'help', do not need to handle redirection. Only external commands should support redirection.
To implement redirection, you will need to use the Linux command 'dup2'. 'dup2' is used for both input and output redirection.
The basic idea is that when you encounter redirection in the command line, you open the specified file(s) and then use 'dup2' to redirect the input/output accordingly.
However, please note that 'dup2' can be a bit tricky to use correctly.
You can start with the file 'msh4.c', located in the directory /home/CLASSES/Bruns1832/cst334/hw/hw5/msh4,
which can serve as your starting point for implementing the extended version of msh.
For testing your code, you can find test files named test*.sh and a Makefile in the directory /home/CLASSES/Bruns1832/cst334/hw/hw5/msh4.
Each test should produce an exit status of 0.
For example, to run the first test, you would enter the command:
$ ./test1.sh
To check the exit status of a test, you can use the command 'echo $?'.
To run all the tests conveniently, you can use the provided Makefile by entering the command 'make'. If you want to remove any temporary files created during testing, you can use the command 'make clean'.
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The following gives an English sentence and a number of candidate logical expressions in First Order Logic. For each of the logical expressions, state whether it (1) correctly expresses the English sentence; (2) is syntactically invalid and therefore meaningless; or (3) is syntactically valid but does not express the meaning of the English sentence: Every bird loves its mother or father. 1. VæBird(a) = Loves(x, Mother(x) V Father(x)) 2. Væ-Bird(x) V Loves(x, Mother(x)) v Loves(x, Father(x)) 3. VæBird(x) ^ (Loves(x, Mother(x)) V Loves(x, Father(x)))
Option 1 correctly expresses the English sentence.
Does option 1 correctly express the English sentence "Every bird loves its mother or father"?Option 1, "VæBird(a) = Loves(x, Mother(x) V Father(x))," correctly expresses the English sentence "Every bird loves its mother or father." The logical expression uses the universal quantifier "VæBird(a)" to indicate that the statement applies to all birds. It further states that every bird "Loves(x)" either its mother "Mother(x)" or its father "Father(x)" through the use of the disjunction operator "V" (OR). Thus, option 1 accurately captures the intended meaning of the English sentence.
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____ is the way to position an element box that removes box from flow and specifies exact coordinates with respect to its browser window
The CSS property to position an element box that removes the box from the flow and specifies exact coordinates with respect to its browser window is the position property.
This CSS property can take on several values, including absolute, fixed, relative, and static.
An absolute position: An element is absolutely positioned when it's taken out of the flow of the document and placed at a specific position on the web page.
It is positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor or the browser window. When an element is positioned absolutely, it is no longer in the flow of the page, and it is removed from the normal layout.
The position property is a CSS property that allows you to position an element box and remove it from the flow of the page while specifying its exact coordinates with respect to its browser window.
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np means a number n to a power p. Write a function in Java called power which takes two arguments, a double value and an int value and returns the result as double value
To write a function in Java called power that takes two arguments, a double value and an int value and returns the result as a double value, we need to use the Math library which is built into the Java programming language.
Here's the code snippet:
import java.lang.Math;
public class PowerDemo {
public static double power(double n, int p) {
return Math.pow(n, p);
}
}
The above code snippet imports the Math library using `import java.lang.Math;`.
The `power` function takes two arguments:
a double value `n` and an int value `p`.
Inside the `power` function, we use the `Math.pow` function to calculate the power of `n` to `p`.
The `Math.pow` function returns a double value and we return that value from the `power` function.
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Singlechoicenpoints 9. Which of the following refers to a type of functions that I defined by two or more function. over a specified domain?
The range of the inner function is restricted by the domain of the outer function in a composite function.The output of one function is utilized as the input for another function in a composite function.
The type of functions that are defined by two or more function over a specified domain is called composite functions. What are functions? A function is a special type of relation that pairs each element from one set to exactly one element of another set. In other words, a function is a set of ordered pairs, where no two different ordered pairs have the same first element and different second elements.
The set of all first elements of a function's ordered pairs is known as the domain of the function, whereas the set of all second elements is known as the codomain of the function. Composite Functions A composite function is a function that is formed by combining two or more functions.
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Write a computer program implementing the secant method. Apply it to the equation x 3
−8=0, whose solution is known: p=2. You can find an algorithm for the secant method in the textbook. Revise the algorithm to calculate and print ∣p n
−p∣ α
∣p n+1
−p∣
The secant method is implemented in the computer program to find the solution of the equation x^3 - 8 = 0. The program calculates and prints the absolute difference between successive approximations of the root, denoted as |p_n - p| divided by |p_n+1 - p|.
The secant method is a numerical root-finding algorithm that iteratively improves an initial guess to approximate the root of a given equation. In this case, the equation is x^3 - 8 = 0, and the known solution is p = 2.
The algorithm starts with two initial guesses, p0 and p1. Then, it iteratively generates better approximations by using the formula:
p_n+1 = p_n - (f(p_n) * (p_n - p_n-1)) / (f(p_n) - f(p_n-1))
where f(x) represents the function x^3 - 8.
The computer program implements this algorithm and calculates the absolute difference between the successive approximations |p_n - p| and |p_n+1 - p|. This difference gives an indication of the convergence of the algorithm towards the true root. By printing this value, we can observe how the approximations are getting closer to the actual solution.
Overall, the program utilizes the secant method to find the root of the equation x^3 - 8 = 0 and provides a measure of convergence through the printed absolute difference between successive approximations.
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Stored Procedures: (Choose all correct answers) allow us to embed complex program logic allow us to handle exceptions better allow us to handle user inputs better allow us to have multiple execution paths based on user input none of these
Stored procedures enable us to incorporate complex program logic and better handle exceptions. As a result, the correct answers include the following: allow us to incorporate complex program logic and better handle exceptions.
A stored procedure is a collection of SQL statements that can be stored in the server and executed several times. As a result, stored procedures enable reuse, allow us to encapsulate complex logic on the database side, and have a better performance.
This is because the server caches the execution plan and it's less expensive to execute a stored procedure than individual statements. Additionally, stored procedures can improve security by limiting direct access to the tables.
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which lenovo preload software program is currently used to update drivers, run device diagnostics, request support, and discover apps, among other uses?
The Lenovo preload software program that is currently used to update drivers, run device diagnostics, request support, and discover apps, among other uses is Lenovo Vantage.
Lenovo Vantage is a free software program that can be downloaded and installed on Lenovo devices to provide users with access to a variety of helpful features. Lenovo Vantage makes it simple to update drivers, run device diagnostics, request support, and find and install apps, among other things.
Lenovo Vantage is preinstalled on most new Lenovo computers, but it can also be downloaded and installed on older devices. Once installed, Lenovo Vantage can be used to access a variety of features that make it easier to manage and optimize Lenovo devices.
Features of Lenovo VantageHere are some of the features that Lenovo Vantage offers:Lenovo System Update - Automatically checks for updates to drivers and other software, and can be configured to download and install updates automatically.
Lenovo Diagnostics - Provides a suite of diagnostic tests that can help users troubleshoot hardware and software issues.Lenovo Settings - Allows users to customize various settings on their Lenovo device, such as display brightness, power management, and audio settings.
Lenovo Support - Provides access to Lenovo's support resources, including online forums, help articles, and technical support.
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A ______ is designed to correct a known bug or fix a known vulnerability in a piece of software.
A) tap
B) patch
C) fix
A patch is designed to correct a known bug or fix a known vulnerability in a piece of software. The answer to the given question is B) Patch.
A patch is a code-correction applied to a software application to resolve bugs, vulnerabilities, or other issues with the app's performance.
A patch is a type of modification applied to an application to repair or upgrade it. Patching is the process of repairing or enhancing a software system.
Patches have the following characteristics: It's possible to install or reverse them. They are typically simple to use.
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What is the purpose of Virtualization technology? Write the benefits of Virtualization technology. Question 2: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of an embedded OS. List three examples of systems with embedded OS. Question 3: What is the purpose of TinyOS? Write the benefits of TinyOS. Write the difference of TinyOS in comparison to the tradition OS Write TinyOS Goals Write TinyOS Components
What is the purpose of Virtualization technology? Write the benefits of Virtualization technology.Virtualization technology refers to the method of creating a virtual representation of anything, including software, storage, server, and network resources.
Its primary objective is to create a virtualization layer that abstracts underlying resources and presents them to users in a way that is independent of the underlying infrastructure. By doing so, virtualization makes it possible to run multiple operating systems and applications on a single physical server simultaneously. Furthermore, virtualization offers the following benefits:It helps to optimize the utilization of server resources.
It lowers the cost of acquiring hardware resourcesIt can assist in the testing and development of new applications and operating systemsIt enhances the flexibility and scalability of IT environments.
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Write a Java program which prompts user for at least two input values. Then write a method which gets those input values as parameters and does some calculation/manipulation with those values. The method then should return a result of the calculation/manipulation. The program should prompt user, call the method, and then print a meaningful message along with the value returned from the method.
The provided Java program prompts the user for two input values, performs a calculation by adding them together and multiplying the sum by 2, and then displays the result.
Here is a Java program that prompts the user for two input values, calls a method that does some calculation/manipulation with the values, and prints a meaningful message with the value returned from the method:
```
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CalculationManipulation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Please enter two values:");
int value1 = input.nextInt();
int value2 = input.nextInt();
int result = calculationManipulation(value1, value2);
System.out.println("The result of the calculation/manipulation is: " + result);
}
public static int calculationManipulation(int value1, int value2) {
int result = (value1 + value2) * 2;
return result;
}
}
```
In this program, we prompt the user for two input values using a `Scanner`. We then call a method called `calculationManipulation()` with these values as parameters.
This method does some calculation/manipulation with the values, which in this case is adding them together and multiplying the sum by 2. Finally, we print a meaningful message with the value returned from the method.
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In MATLAB using SimuLink do the following
1. The block of a counter subsystem, which consists of two variants: ascending and descending.
The block must be able to start counting at a value determined by an input.
The step (eg 1 in 1, 2 in 2, etc.) of the count is determined by another input.
The counter runs indefinitely until the simulation time runs out
The counting algorithm must be done in code in a MATLAB-function block, blocks that perform preset functions are not allowed.
Hint: They most likely require the "Unit Delay (1/z)" block.
A counter subsystem can be created in MATLAB using Simu Link. The subsystem has two options: ascending and descending.
The following conditions must be met by the block:1. The block must be able to start counting at a value determined by an input.2. of the count is determined by another input.3. The counter runs indefinitely until the simulation time runs out.4. The counting algorithm must be done in code in a MATLAB-function block. Blocks that perform preset functions are not allowed.5.
They most likely require the "Unit Delay (1/z)" block. The Unit Delay (1/z) block is used to perform this action. It holds the input signal value for a specified period of time and then produces it as an output signal after that time has passed. This is accomplished using a variable delay or a discrete-time delay block. The following is the main answer with a detailed explanation of the procedure .
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Ask the user for a student id and print the output by using the dictionary that you made in Question 1. Student \{first name\} got \{Mark\} in the course \{Course name\} Example: Student James got 65 in the course MPM2D Database = [["1001", "Tom", "MCR3U", 89], ["1002", "Alex", "ICS3U", 76] ["1003", "Ellen", "MHF4U", 90] ["1004", "Jenifgr", "MCV4U", 50] ["1005", "Peter", "ICS4U", 45] ["1006", "John", "ICS20", 100] ["1007","James", "MPM2D", 65]] Question 1: Write a python code to change the above data structure to a dictionary with the general form : Discuss in a group Data Structure: School data ={ "student id" : (" first_name", "Course name", Mark ) } Question 2: Ask the user for a student id and print the output by using the dictionary that you made in Question 1. Student \{first_name\} got \{Mark\} in the course \{Course_name\} Example: Student James got 65 in the course MPM2D
Python program, the user is asked for a student ID, and the program retrieves the corresponding information from a dictionary, displaying the student's name, mark, and course.
Here's a Python code that implements the requested functionality:
# Dictionary creation (Question 1)
database = {
"1001": ("Tom", "MCR3U", 89),
"1002": ("Alex", "ICS3U", 76),
"1003": ("Ellen", "MHF4U", 90),
"1004": ("Jennifer", "MCV4U", 50),
"1005": ("Peter", "ICS4U", 45),
"1006": ("John", "ICS20", 100),
"1007": ("James", "MPM2D", 65)
}
# User input and output (Question 2)
student_id = input("Enter a student ID: ")
if student_id in database:
student_info = database[student_id]
first_name, course_name, mark = student_info
print(f"Student {first_name} got {mark} in the course {course_name}")
else:
print("Invalid student ID. Please try again.")
The dictionary database is created according to the provided data structure, where each student ID maps to a tuple containing the first name, course name, and mark.
The program prompts the user to enter a student ID.
If the entered student ID exists in the database, the corresponding information is retrieved and assigned to the variables first_name, course_name, and mark.
The program then prints the output in the desired format, including the student's first name, mark, and course name.
If the entered student ID is not found in the database, an error message is displayed.
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Two of the following statements are true, and one is false. Identify the false statement:
a. An action such as a key press or button click raises an event.
b. A method that performs a task in response to an event is an event handler.
c. The control that generates an event is an event receiver.
The false statement is c. The control that generates an event is not necessarily an event receiver.
In event-driven programming, events are used to trigger actions or behaviors in response to user interactions or system conditions. The three statements provided relate to the concepts of events and their handling. Let's analyze each statement to identify the false one.
a. An action such as a key press or button click raises an event.
This statement is true. In event-driven programming, actions like key presses or button clicks are often associated with events. When such actions occur, events are raised to signal that the action has taken place.
b. A method that performs a task in response to an event is an event handler.
This statement is also true. An event handler is a method or function that is designed to execute specific actions when a particular event occurs. It serves as the mechanism for responding to events and performing tasks accordingly.
c. The control that generates an event is an event receiver.
This statement is false. The control that generates an event is often referred to as the event source or event sender. It is the entity responsible for initiating the event. On the other hand, the event receiver is the component or object that is designed to handle or respond to the event.
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To help improve the performance of your DDBMS application, describe the parallelism technique you will employ.
Write a materialized view query to select columns from two tables that were created and partitioned and placed on two different servers.
Show how you will partition one table vertically into two (2) servers located at different sites.
Show how to partition a table horizontally using any partitioning strategy. Justify the selection of that particular strategy.
Select and sketch the distributed database architecture (consisting of at least 2 locations) for a DDBMS application. Justify your selection of that particular architecture.
To improve the performance of the DDBMS application, one parallelism technique that can be employed is parallel query processing. This involves dividing a query into multiple subqueries that can be executed simultaneously by different processors or servers. This allows for faster execution of the query by utilizing the computational power of multiple resources.
To select columns from two tables that are created and partitioned on different servers, a materialized view query can be used. Here's an example query:
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW my_materialized_view AS
SELECT t1.column1, t1.column2, t2.column3
FROM table1 t1
JOIN table2 t2 ON t1.key = t2.key;
Vertical partitioning involves splitting a table's columns into separate tables based on their logical grouping. To partition a table vertically into two servers located at different sites, we can create two tables with the desired columns on each server and define proper relationships between them using foreign keys.
Horizontal partitioning, also known as sharding, involves dividing a table's rows based on a specific partitioning strategy. One common strategy is range partitioning, where rows are distributed based on a specific range of values from a chosen column. For example, if we have a "date" column, we can partition the table by years, with each year's data stored in a separate partition.
The selection of the partitioning strategy depends on the specific requirements and characteristics of the data and the application. Range partitioning can be a suitable strategy when data needs to be distributed evenly across partitions and when queries often involve ranges of values from the partitioning column.
For the distributed database architecture, a suitable choice can be a client-server architecture with a master-slave replication setup. In this architecture, multiple locations or sites can have slave servers that replicate data from a central master server. This architecture provides data redundancy, improves fault tolerance, and allows for distributed query processing.
The selection of this architecture is justified by its ability to distribute data across multiple locations, enabling faster access to data for clients in different locations. It also provides scalability as more servers can be added to accommodate increasing data and user demands. Additionally, the replication feature ensures data availability even in the event of a server failure, enhancing the reliability and resilience of the DDBMS application.
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What is the 1st evidence of continental drift?
The first evidence of continental drift was the matching shapes of the coastlines on either side of the Atlantic Ocean. This observation was made by Alfred Wegener in the early 20th century.
Moreover, Wegener noticed that the coastlines of South America and Africa appeared to fit together like puzzle pieces. For example, the bulge of Brazil seemed to align with the Gulf of Guinea in Africa. This suggested that the two continents were once connected and had since drifted apart.
To support his hypothesis of continental drift, Wegener also compared rock formations and fossils found on opposite sides of the Atlantic. He found similar geological features and identify plant and animal fossils in regions that are now separated by the ocean. This further indicated that these land masses were once connected.
One notable example is the presence of fossils from the freshwater reptile Mesosaurus in both South America and Africa. This reptile could not have crossed the ocean, so its presence on both continents suggests that they were once joined.
Overall, the matching coastlines and the similarities in rock formations and fossils provided the first evidence of continental drift. This discovery eventually led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how Earth's continents and oceanic plates move over time.
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(RCRA) Where in RCRA is the administrator required to establish criteria for MSWLFS? (ref only)
Question 8 (CERCLA) What is the difference between a "removal" and a "remedial action" relative to a hazardous substance release? (SHORT answer and refs)
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) is a federal law that provides the framework for the management of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste, including municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLFS). The administrator is required to establish criteria for MSWLFS in Subtitle D of RCRA (Solid Waste Disposal)
The administrator is required to establish criteria for MSWLFS in Subtitle D of RCRA (Solid Waste Disposal). RCRA also provides a framework for the management of hazardous waste from the time it is generated to its ultimate disposal.CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act) is a federal law that provides a framework for cleaning up hazardous waste sites. A "removal" is an immediate or short-term response to address a hazardous substance release that poses an imminent threat to human health or the environment
. A "remedial action" is a long-term response to address the contamination of a hazardous waste site that poses a significant threat to human health or the environment.The key differences between removal and remedial action are the time required to complete the response, the resources needed to complete the response, and the outcome of the response. Removal actions are typically completed in a matter of weeks or months and often involve emergency response activities, such as containing a hazardous substance release. Remedial actions, on the other hand, are typically completed over a period of years and involve a range of activities.
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Include statements #include > #include using namespace std; // Main function int main() \{ cout ≪ "Here are some approximations of PI:" ≪ endl; // Archimedes 225BC cout ≪22/7="≪22/7≪ endl; I/ zu Chongzhi 480AD cout ≪355/113="≪355/113≪ end1; // Indiana law 1897AD cout ≪"16/5="≪16/5≪ endl; // c++ math library cout ≪ "M_PI ="≪ MPPI ≪ endl; return 0 ; \} Step 1: Copy and paste the C ++
program above into your C ++
editor and compile the program. Hopefully you will not get any error messages. Step 2: When you run the program, you should see several lines of messages with different approximations of PI. The good news is that your program has output. The bad news is that all of your approximation for PI are all equal to 3 , which is not what we expected or intended. Step 3: C++ performs two types of division. If you have x/y and both numbers x and y are integers, then C ++
will do integer division, and return an integer result. On the other hand if you have x/y and either number is floating point C ++
will do floating point division and give you a floating point result. Edit your program and change "22/7" into "22.0/7.0" and recompile and run your program. Now your program should output "3.14286". Step 4: Edit your program again and convert the other integer divisions into floating point divisions. Recompile and run your program to see what it outputs. Hopefully you will see that Zu Chongzhi was a little closer to the true value of PI than the Indiana law in 1897. Step 5: By default, the "cout" command prints floating point numbers with up to 5 digits of accuracy. This is much less than the accuracy of most computers. Fortunately, the C ++
"setprecision" command can be used to output more accurate results. Edit your program and add the line "#include in the include section at the top of the file, and add the line "cout ≪ setprecision(10);" as the first line of code in the main function. Recompile and run your program. Now you should see much better results. Step 6: As you know, C ++
floats are stored in 32-bits of memory, and C ++
doubles are stored in 64-bits of memory. Naturally, it is impossible to store an infinite length floating point value in a finite length variable. Edit your program and change "setprecision(10)" to "setprecision (40) " and recompile and run your program. If you look closely at the answers you will see that they are longer but some of the digits after the 16th digit are incorrect. For example, the true value of 22.0/7.0 is 3.142857142857142857… where the 142857 pattern repeats forever. Notice that your output is incorrect after the third "2". Similarly, 16.0/5.0 should be all zeros after the 3.2 but we have random looking digits after 14 zeros. Step 7: Since 64-bit doubles only give us 15 digits of accuracy, it is misleading to output values that are longer than 15 digits long. Edit your program one final time and change "setprecision(40)" to "setprecision(15)". When you recompile and run your program you should see that the printed values of 22.0/7.0 and 16.0/5.0 are correct and the constant M_PI is printed accurately. Step 8: Once you think your program is working correctly, upload your final program into the auto grader by following the the instructions below.
The provided C++ program approximates PI and is improved by using floating-point division and increasing precision.
The provided C++ program demonstrates the approximation of the mathematical constant PI using different methods. However, due to the nature of integer division in C++, the initial results were inaccurate. Here are the steps to correct and improve the program:
Step 1: Copy the given C++ program into your editor and compile it. Ensure that no error messages appear during compilation.
Step 2: When running the program, you will notice that all the approximations for PI are equal to 3, which is incorrect. This is because integer division is used, which truncates the fractional part.
Step 3: To resolve this, modify the program by changing "22/7" to "22.0/7.0" to perform floating-point division. Recompile and run the program. Now, the output for "22.0/7.0" should be "3.14286".
Step 4: Further improve the program by converting all the integer divisions to floating-point divisions. Recompile and run the program again. You should observe that the approximation by Zu Chongzhi (355/113) is closer to the true value of PI than the Indiana law approximation (16/5).
Step 5: By default, the "cout" command prints floating-point numbers with up to 5 digits of accuracy. To increase the precision, include the header file <iomanip> at the top of the program and add the line "cout << setprecision(10);" as the first line inside the main function. Recompile and run the program to observe more accurate results.
Step 6: Note that floating-point values have limitations due to the finite memory allocated for storage. To demonstrate this, change "setprecision(10)" to "setprecision(40)". Recompile and run the program again. Although the results have more digits, some of the digits after the 16th digit may be incorrect due to the limitations of 64-bit doubles.
Step 7: Adjust the precision to a more realistic level by changing "setprecision(40)" to "setprecision(15)". Recompile and run the program to observe that the printed values for "22.0/7.0" and "16.0/5.0" are correct, along with the constant M_PI.
Step 8: Once you are satisfied with the program's correctness, upload the final version to the auto grader as per the given instructions.
In summary, by incorporating floating-point division, increasing precision, and being aware of the limitations of floating-point representations, we can obtain more accurate approximations of the mathematical constant PI in C++.
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Use C++ to code a simple game outlined below.
Each PLAYER has:
- a name
- an ability level (0, 1, or 2)
- a player status (0: normal ; 1: captain)
- a score
Each TEAM has:
- a name
- a group of players
- a total team score
- exactly one captain Whenever a player has a turn, they get a random score:
- ability level 0: score is equally likely to be 0, 1, 2, or 3
- ability level 1: score is equally likely to be 2, 3, 4, or 5
- ability level 2: score is equally likely to be 4, 5, 6, or 7
Whenever a TEAM has a turn
- every "normal" player on the team gets a turn
- the captain gets two turns. A competition goes as follows:
- players are created
- two teams are created
- a draft is conducted in which each team picks players
- the competition has 5 rounds
- during each round, each team gets a turn (see above)
- at the end, team with the highest score wins
You should write the classes for player and team so that all three test cases work.
For best results, start small. Get "player" to work, then team, then the game.
Likewise, for "player", start with the constructor and then work up from three
Test as you go. Note:
min + (rand() % (int)(max - min + 1))
... generates a random integer between min and max, inclusive
Feel free to add other helper functions or features or whatever if that helps.
The "vector" data type in C++ can be very helpful here.
Starter code can be found below. Base the code off of the provided work.
File: play_game.cpp
#include
#include "player.cpp" #include "team.cpp"
using namespace std;
void test_case_1();
void test_case_2();
void test_case_3();
int main(){
// pick a test case to run, or create your own
test_case_1();
test_case_2();
test_case_3();
return 0;
} // Test ability to create players
void test_case_1(){
cout << "********** Test Case 1 **********" << endl;
// create a player
player alice("Alice Adams");
// reset player's score to zero
alice.reset_score();
// set player's ability (0, 1, or 2)
alice.set_ability(0); // player gets a single turn (score is incremented by a random number)
alice.play_turn();
// return the player's score
int score = alice.get_score();
// display the player's name and total score
alice.display();
cout << endl;
}
// Test ability to create teams
void test_case_2(){ cout << "********** Test Case 2 **********" << endl;
// create players by specifying name and skill level
player* alice = new player("Alice Adams" , 0);
player* brett = new player("Brett Booth" , 2);
player* cecil = new player("Cecil Cinder" , 1);
// create team
team the_dragons("The Dragons");
// assign players to teams, set Brett as the captainthe_dragons.add_player(alice , 0);
the_dragons.add_player(brett , 1);
the_dragons.add_player(cecil , 0);
// play five turns
for (int i = 0 ; i<5 ; i++)
the_dragons.play_turn();
// display total result cout << the_dragons.get_name() << " scored " << the_dragons.get_score() << endl;
// destroy the players!
delete alice, brett, cecil;
cout << endl;
}
// Play a sample game
void test_case_3(){
cout << "********** Test Case 3 **********" << endl; // step 1 create players
// this time I'll use a loop to make it easier. We'll make 20 players.
// to make things easier we'll assign them all the same ability level
player* player_list[20];
for (int i = 0 ; i<20 ; i++)
player_list[i] = new player("Generic Name" , 2);
// step 2 create teams
team the_dragons("The Dragons");
team the_knights("The Knights"); // step 3 pick teams (the draft)
the_dragons.add_player(player_list[0] , 1); // team 1 gets a captain
for (int i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i++)
the_dragons.add_player(player_list[i],0); // team 1 gets nine normal players
the_knights.add_player(player_list[10] , 1); // team 2 gets a captain
for (int i = 11 ; i < 20 ; i++)
the_knights.add_player(player_list[i],0); // team 2 gets nine normal players
// step 4 - play the game! 5 rounds:
for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
the_dragons.play_turn();
the_knights.play_turn();
} // step 5 - pick the winner
if (the_dragons.get_score() > the_knights.get_score() )
cout << the_dragons.get_name() << " win!" << endl;
else if (the_knights.get_score() > the_dragons.get_score() )
cout << the_knights.get_name() << " win!" << endl;
else
cout << "its a tie!" << endl;
cout << endl; File: player.cpp
#ifndef _PLAYER_
#define _PLAYER_
class player{
private:
public:
};
#endif
File: team.cpp
#ifndef _TEAM_
#define _TEAM_
#include "player.cpp"
class team{
private:
public:
};
#endif
}
The use of a C++ to code a simple game outlined is given based on the code below. The one below serves as a continuation of the code above.
What is the C++ programIn terms of File: player.cpp
cpp
#ifndef _PLAYER_
#define _PLAYER_
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
class Player {
private:
std::string name;
int abilityLevel;
int playerStatus;
int score;
public:
Player(const std::string& playerName) {
name = playerName;
abilityLevel = 0;
playerStatus = 0;
score = 0;
}
void resetScore() {
score = 0;
}
void setAbility(int level) {
if (level >= 0 && level <= 2) {
abilityLevel = level;
}
}
void playTurn() {
int minScore, maxScore;
if (abilityLevel == 0) {
minScore = 0;
maxScore = 3;
} else if (abilityLevel == 1) {
minScore = 2;
maxScore = 5;
} else {
minScore = 4;
maxScore = 7;
}
score += minScore + (rand() % (maxScore - minScore + 1));
}
int getScore() const {
return score;
}
void display() const {
std::cout << "Player: " << name << ", Score: " << score << std::endl;
}
};
#endif
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C++:
it says arraySize must have a constant value, how do you fix this?:
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main(){
int i = 9999;
std::ostringstream sub;
sub << "0x" << std::hex << i;
std::string result = sub.str();
std::cout << result << std::endl;
int lengthOfArray = result.length();
char resultArray[lengthOfArray + 1];
strcpy(resultArray, result.c_str());
//Printing last value using index
std::cout << resultArray[lengthOfArray - 1] << endl;
}
C++ language won't allow you to use a variable to specify the size of an array, as you need a constant value to define an array's size, as described in the question. This code, on the other hand, specifies the size of an array using a variable, which is prohibited.
However, C++11 introduces the ability to define the size of an array using a variable in a different way.Let's look at a few examples:Declare an array of integers with a non-constant size, using the value of the variable x as the size. The size is determined at runtime based on user input.#include int main() { int x; std::cin >> x; int* array = new int[x]; // use the array delete[] array; }Or use a compile-time constant expression (e.g. constexpr or const int), such as:#include constexpr int ARRAY_SIZE = 10; int main() { int array[ARRAY_SIZE]; // use the array }
The C++11 standard defines a new array type named std::array that can be used as an alternative to C-style arrays. std::array is a fixed-size container that encapsulates a C-style array. It uses templates and provides a variety of advantages over C-style arrays.
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