The magnitude is 10.2. The two unit vectors parallel to PQ are (6i+2j+8k)/10.2 and -(6i + 2j+ 8k)/10.2.
What is vector?
A quantity with magnitude and direction, typically represented by a directed line segment whose length indicates the magnitude and whose orientation in space represents the direction.
What is unit vector?
These unit vectors are frequently used to denote direction, with the magnitude being provided via a scalar coefficient. The sum of unit vectors and scalar coefficients can then be used to represent a vector decomposition.
P = (11,4,9)
Q = (5,2,1)
So,
PQ = (11,4,9) - (5,2,1) = (6, 2, 8)
PQ= 6i + 2j+ 8k
PQ mag = 10.2
unit vector = non zero vector / magnitude of vector
1st unit vector = (6i + 2j+ 8k)/10.2
2nd unit vector = -(6i + 2j+ 8k)/10.2
The magnitude is 10.2. The two unit vectors parallel to PQ are (6i+2j+8k)/10.2 and -(6i + 2j+ 8k)/10.2.
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the masses of the javelin, discus, and shot are 0.80 kg, 2.0 kg, and 7.2 kg, respectively, and record throws in the corresponding track events are about 98 m, 74 m, and 23 m, respectively. neglecting air resistance, (a) calculate the minimum initial kinetic energies that would produce these throws, and (b) estimate the average force exerted on each object during the throw, assuming the force acts over a distance of 2.0 m. (c) do your results suggest that air resistance is an important factor? [hint: think about if the same muscle power used in a shot throw would produce the same range for a javelin when air resistance is neglected.]
Let us assume θ = 45⁰, so sin(2θ) = 1
R = v² x sin(2θ) / g = v² / g
v² = R x g
a) To find the kinetic energy,
E = 0.5 x mv² = 0.5 x R x g
E(javelin) = 0.5 x 0.8 x 9.8 = 384 J
E(discuss) = 0.5 x 2 x 74 x 9.8 = 725.2 J
E(shot) = 0.5 x 7.2 x 23 x 9.8 = 811.4 J
b) To find the average force exerted,
F = W / Δx = Δk / Δx
F(javelin) = 384 / 2 = 192 N
F(discuss) = 725.2 / 2 = 363 N
F(shot) = 811.4 / 2 = 406 N
c) Yes, air resistance is an important factor.
Therefore, air resistance must affect each of them very differently because the average force the person could throw with, should be same.
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to what temperature will 8800 jj of heat raise 2.5 kg of water that is initially at 20.0 ∘c∘c ? the specific heat of water is 4186 j/kg⋅c∘j/kg⋅c∘
20.08 °C is the temperature when 8800 jj of heat raise 2.5 kg of water that is initially at 20.0 ∘c
q=mcΔt
Δt=q/mc
Δt=8800/104650
Δt=0.08
T2-T1=0.08
T2-20=0.08
T2=20.08 °C
Heat or cold are measured in terms of temperature. It can be defined in terms of a variety of arbitrary scales and shows how heat energy naturally moves from a hotter to a colder body (one at a lower temperature). Even if a match burns at a considerably greater temperature than an iceberg, an iceberg has a much higher overall heat energy. The energy of a thermodynamic system differs from temperature.
Temperature, pressure, density, and other properties that are independent of the amount of matter being considered are referred to as intense properties, as opposed to broad characteristics like mass or volume.
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a large bird drops a coconut as it flies horizontally at a constant speed. when the coconut hits the beach below, where will the bird be in relation to the coconut?
Since the bird is traveling at a constant horizontal velocity, the coconut hits the beach below, the bird will be in a position that is directly above the coconut in relation to the coconut.
What is the free fall of an object?The free fall of an object refers to the motion of an object that is released from a certain height above the ground and allowed to fall freely under acceleration by the force of gravity alone.
Objects that are experiencing free fall, are accelerated by a constant value that is equal to the value of acceleration due to gravity.
Examples of objects experiencing free fall include:
a coconut fruit that falls off the treea mango fruit that drops off the treea person that jumps off the roof of a tall buildingFor the coconut dropped by a bird flying at a constant horizontal velocity, the initial horizontal velocity of the coconut is the velocity of the bird in the horizontal direction.
When the bird drops the object, the object will fall with a vertical velocity that is accelerated by g. The object will fall at a distance equal to the horizontal distance traveled by the bird.
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15. The coaster needs to come to a complete stop by the time it reaches point I. Calculate the deceleration of the coaster as it moves from
point H to I.
16. How much force is required to produce this deceleration (ignore friction).
17. Calculate the impulse imparted onto the coaster to make it stop (hint. Think change in momentum)
As the roller coaster proceeds from point H to point I, it decelerates at a rate of -29.4 m/s^2, and the force needed to cause this deceleration is equal to 29400 N. (ignore friction). The impulse is equal to -54220kgm/s.
Deceleration is the term used to describe a decrease in speed as the body moves away from the beginning place. Acceleration's antithesis is deceleration. A force is an impetus that has the power to alter an object's motion. It is expressed as Deceleration, also referred to as negative acceleration. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, or accelerate (for example, moving from a condition of rest). Intuitively, a push or a pull can also be used to describe force.
v^2 -u^2 = 2as
(0) -(2940) = 100 -2940/100 = -29.4 m/sec^2 is the deceleration.
F = ma
F = 1000*(-29.4) (-29.4)
F = -29400N
The formula for an impulse is: p
Momentum = m(v-u) = 1000 (0-54.22)
impulse = 54220 kg m/sec
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What pieces of information do you need to accurately describe the motion of an object?
Question 5 options:
Mass
Distance
Time
Fast
Size
Wind resistance
Direction
An object's location, velocity, acceleration, and direction can all be used to define motion.
Define velocity:
Velocity and speed describe how quickly or slowly an object is moving. We frequently encounter circumstances when we must determine which of two or more moving objects is going faster. If the two are travelling on the same route in the same direction, it is simple to determine which is quicker. It is challenging to identify who is moving the quickest when their motion is in the other direction. The idea of velocity is useful in these circumstances. Learn what velocity is, how it is measured, an example of velocity, and how it differs from speed in this article.
Motion may be described using an object's position, velocity, acceleration, and direction.
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An 1300-turn coil of wire that is 2.0 cm in diameter is in a magnetic field that drops from 0.15 T to 0 T in 11 ms. The axis of the coil is parallel to the field. For the steps and strategies involved in solving a similar problem, you may view a Video Tutor Solution. Part A What is the emf of the coil?
The magnitude of the induced EMF in the coil is 5.56V.
The number of turn in the coil is 1300 and the diameter of the coil is 2.0 cm. The magnetic flux changes from 0.15T to 0 T in 11ms.
The induced EMF in the coil can be found as,
E = nAΔB/t
Where,
n is the number of turn in the coil,
A is the area,
B is the magnetic field and t is the time,
Putting values,
E = 1300 x π(0.01)² x 0.15/11 x 10⁻³
Solving further,
E = 5.56 V.
So, the EMF induced in the coil is 5.56 V.
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on the left dot below that represents the 2kg block, draw and label the forces (not components) that act on the 2kg block. do the same for the 1kg block on the right dot.
If acceleration is present, both the system's and the individual objects' accelerations are the same. Usually, a system analysis is done to figure out the system's acceleration.
An individual object analysis is combined with the system analysis. Any one of the two items is isolated and treated as a distinct, independent entity in the individual object analysis. The forces operating on the item individually are recognized and computed using a free-body diagram. It is customary to analyze each object separately in order to calculate the magnitude of any force acting between the two. One of the two methods that is frequently used to evaluate two-body problems is the dual combination of a system analysis and an individual object analysis.
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colton and jackson are participating in a cognitive development study at the local university. colton is a 9-year-old fourth-grader. jackson is a 13-year-old eighth-grader. the boys have to determine whether the speed of a pendulum's swing depends on the pendulum's weight, the length of the string to which the pendulum is attached, or the height from which the pendulum is suspended. colton tests the weight, length, and height variables haphazardly, reflecting his thinking. jackson tests the variables systematically, reflecting his thinking.
Coltan is likely to carelessly test the weight, length, and height variables haphazardly. However, Jason will most likely do systematic tests of the variables because this is when kids start to think scientifically.
What does auditing's haphazard sampling entail?
A nonstatistical method known as "haphazard sampling" is used to choose sample items without any deliberate bias and without giving a justification for adding or omitting any particular items.
What is an example of haphazard sampling?
The vox pop poll, in which the interviewer chooses any passerby, is an illustration of accidentally. Unfortunately, selection is susceptible to the biases of the interviewer and anybody who happens to pass by at the moment of sampling unless the population units are actually comparable.
What distinguishes haphazard sampling from random sampling?
By numbering each item in the population and using random number tables to determine which things to investigate, random selection ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. Haphazard refers to the way a person chooses things, probably in an effort to mimic randomness.
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1. suppose that the slit width was less than the wavelength of light being used for the first part of the experiment. how many orders of minima would you expect to see?
If the slit width was less than the wavelength of light being used for the first part of the experiment, then you would expect to see only a single order of minima.
What is minima?
The largest and lowest value of a function, either within a specific range (the neighbourhood or relative extrema) or on the entire domain, are collectively referred to as extrema (plural of extremum) in mathematical analysis (the global or absolute extrema). One of the earliest mathematicians to suggest the general method of adequacy for determining the minima and maxima of functions was Pierre de Fermat.
The minimum and maximum of a set are the greatest as well as least elements in the set, as defined by set theory. There are no minimum or maximum values in unbounded infinite sets, like the set of real numbers.
This is because when the slit width is less than the wavelength of light, the diffraction pattern is dominated by the single slit and the interference of light waves is insignificant, resulting in a single order of minima.
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Wave action works to straighten a coast as wave energy focuses around headlands and tends to disperse energy in coves and bays in a process called.
As wave energy concentrates at headlands and tends to disperse in coves and bays through a process known as wave refraction, wave activity helps to straighten a coastline.
What does physics define as a wave?A disruption or fluctuation that causes energy to be transferred gradually from one place to another in a medium. It might be in the form of an elastic deformation or a change in pressure, electrical or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature.
What are the characteristics of a wave?Waves are the organized movement of disturbance from one location to another. There are two types of waves: mechanical and non-mechanical. Like sound waves, mechanical waves need a medium to travel.
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three 4.0-pf capacitors are connected in parallel across the terminals of a 60.0-hz generator. what is the capacitive reactance of the circuit?
The Capacitive reactance of the circuit is 221 ohms. The capacitor draws a charging current from the supply and charges up to a value equal to the applied voltage.
From the question, we have
Capacitors connected in parallel
Cequ = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 muF
Xc = 1 / 2 pi f C = 1 / (2 pi * 60 * 12 * 10-6)
Capacitive reactance = 221 ohms
Capacitive reactance :
When a DC voltage is supplied to a capacitor, as we saw in the RC Network tutorial, the capacitor draws a charging current from the supply and charges up to a value equal to the applied voltage. The charge stored in the capacitor also decreases and discharges as the supply voltage is lowered. The internal impedance of the capacitor limits the current that can travel through it when it charges or discharges. This internal impedance is frequently referred to as capacitive reactance and is represented by the Ohms symbol XC.
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if electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the atom is in the:_____.
An atom is in the ground state if its electrons have the lowest conceivable energies.
What is an electron ?
Even smaller particles that move like planets around the sun are found inside an atom, the very small unit found inside an element. These particles are moving so quickly that even a microscope cannot pick them out. We refer to these particles as "electrons," and they are very energetic particles.
The lowest energy state for an electron is called its ground state, which is the energy level it typically resides in. Each electron has a limit on how much energy it can have while still remaining a part of its atom. A quantum mechanical system's stationary sate that has the lowest potential energy is usually referred to as the system's zero point energy and its ground state. Any state that has more energy than the ground state is said to be excited.
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two child sit on different positions of a merry-go-round. should they have the same tangential velocity?
No, they do not have the same tangential velocity.
tangential velocity= rω
v=rω
v is dependent or radius
as radius change, velocity change.
Tangential velocity is the linear component of an object's speed when it travels along a circular path. When an item moves in a circle at a distance r from the center, its velocity is always pointed tangentially. This is known as tangential velocity. We might also say that the tangential velocity is always the same as the linear velocity.
Tangential velocity is the measurement of speed at any location that is parallel to a wheel that is moving in a circle. Thus, the formula establishes a relationship between the tangential velocity, Vt, and the angular velocity,. Tangential velocity is the portion of motion along a circle's edge that may be measured at any given time.
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if the volume of gasoline vapor and air in an automobile engine cylinder is reduced to 1/11 of its original volume before ignition, by what factor does the pressure in the cylinder increase? (assume there is no change in temperature.)
If the amount of air and gasoline vapor in an automotive engines cylinder is only 1/11 of what it was prior to ignition. The volume inside the cylinder rises by 11, factor.
What does the word "ignition" mean?the method or mechanism of sparking a fuel mixture, such as an electric spark. additionally: an electrical device used to turn the key in an ignition system (such in a car). The ignition system's main function is to produce an electric spark.
Which four types of ignition systems are there?The majority of vehicles and trucks employ one of four different ignition systems today: coil-on-plug ignition switches, high energy (digital) ignitions, distribution company (waste spark) ignitions, and traditional breaker-point ignitions.
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a 600-kg satellite is in a circular orbit about earth at a height above earth equal to earth’s mean radius. find (a) the satellite’s orbital speed,
A 600-kg satellite is in a circular orbit about earth at a height above earth equal to earth’s mean radius. find (a) the satellite’s orbital speed.
T = 39.8hr
mass of the satellite = 600 Kg
mass of earth = 5.98 x 10²⁴ Kg
height of the satellite
r = 2 R_e
R_e is radius of earth = 6.38 x 10⁶ m
Assuming orbital velocity of the satellite
v = 5.59 x 10³ m/s
time period = 2 pi r/v
time period = 2pi*2*6.38*10^6/5.59*10^3
T = 14342.3 s
T = 14342.3/60*60 Hr
T = 3.98 Hr
An orbit is a regular, repeating course that one object in area takes around any other one. An item in an orbit is called a satellite tv for pc. A satellite can be herbal, like Earth or the moon. Many planets have moons that orbit them. A satellite tv for pc can also be guy-made, just like the global space Station.
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A spring with a spring constant of 125 n/m is stretched 2. 0 cm from its equilibrium position. What is the change in the spring potential energy?.
Answer: 0.025 J or 25 mJ
Explanation:
Elastic potential energy = 1/2 * k * x^2
Where k is the spring constant (N/m) and x is the springs stretch from the point of equilibrium.
=1/2*125N/m * (0.02m)^2 = 0.025 J or 25mJ
what would the wind speeds at a be if the hurricane is moving due east at a speed of 40 km/hr and the average wind speed of the hurricane was 215 km/hr?
The wind speed would be 255km/hr if the hurricane is moving east due east at a speed of 40 km/hr and the average wind speed of hurricane was 215 km/hr.
We must determine the localized wind speed at Point A because it is the end of the storm and has the highest velocity.
Speed at point A equals the combined speeds of the hurricane and the forward motion since point A is situated in the same rotational direction as the cyclone.
speed at point A = speed of hurricane + speed of forward
= 215 + 40 = 255km/hr
What does a hurricane mean in simple terms?
A hurricane is defined as a tropical storm with sustained winds of 74 mph or more. A storm's eye typically measures 20 to 30 miles in width and can reach distances of 400 miles. Storms may be dangerous because of their heavy downpours, strong gusts, and storm surges.
Where do storms usually begin?
Near the tropics, in the Caribbean, or in the waters around the Cape Verdean islands of West Africa, hurricanes start to form. Surface water that is relatively warm quickly evaporates before condensing to create clouds in the sky. When moist air rises to the point of saturation, a tropical depression—a kind of meteorological system—is created.
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a spiral galaxy with a very small central bulge and clumpy spiral arms would be classified as what type of galaxy?
A spiral galaxy with a very small central bulge and clumpy spiral arms would be classified as Sc/SBc.
According to the closeness of their spiral, the clumpy of their spiral arms, and the size of their central bulge. These contrasts can be tracked back to the comparitive amounts of gas and dust contained within the galaxies.
A spiral galaxy has a rotating circular disc with spiral arms that curve out from a thick central region. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. Four categories which are used to analyze galaxies are
spiral barred spiralellipticalirregularA galaxy's bulge is a central, spherical structure composes of numerous amounts of stars, gas and dust particles. The dark material surrounding the center of the galaxy is gas and dust that is being thrown into the central region by the bar. The blue regions are the clusters of young stars.
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If the expansion of the Universe is currently accelerating, can we conclude that the Universe will necessarily expand forever? Why?
The universe will expand forever.
Why is it said the universe will expand forever?
Cosmologists generally agree that the universe has a "flat" shape (i.e., parallel lines remain parallel) and will expand indefinitely. If the mean density falls below the critical density, there won't be enough matter in the universe to stop the expansion; the cosmos will continue to grow indefinitely. The galaxies will eventually grow progressively further apart. Everything in the universe is included, from the tiniest molecule to the greatest galaxy. The cosmos has been growing since the Big Bang approximately 13.7 billion years ago, and its size may be unlimited.
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Two boys are riding their bikes in the same direction. Tommy and his bike have a total mass of 126kg and are riding at 8.4m/s. Tommy then crashes into his friend, Bob, who is riding with an initial velocity Of 6.8m/s. When they collide, their bikes get stuck together and they fly off the track together with a velocity of 7.9m/s. What is the mass of Bob and his bike? INELASTIC COLLISION
The mass of Bob and his bike is 57.27 kg.
What is velocity?The rate at which a body's displacement changes in relation to time is known as its velocity. Velocity is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. SI unit of velocity is meter/second.
Given parameters:
Total mass of Tommy and his bike: m = 126 kg
Velocity of Tommy and his bike before collision: u = 8.4m/s.
Velocity of Bob and his bike before collision: U = 6.8m/s.
Velocity of them when they stuck together: v = 7.9 m/s.
We have to find: mass of Bob and his bike: M = ?
From principle of conservation of momentum in inelastic collision:
mu + MU = (m+M)v
⇒ 126×8.4 + 6.8 M = (126 +M)×7.9
⇒ M(7.9-6.8) = 126(8.4-7.9)
⇒M = 57.27 kg
Hence, the mass of Bob and his bike is 57.27 kg.
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According to the principle of continuity, the velocity of a fluid multiplied by the cross section through which it flows at one point will equal the product of
A) velocity and cross section at another point.
B) velocity and pressure at another point.
C) a constraint factor.
D) none of the above
According to the principle of continuity, the velocity of a fluid multiplied by the cross-section through which it flows at one point will equal the product of velocity and cross-section at another point.
The principle of continuity, also known as the continuity equation, is the fluid mechanic's principle. Simply put, what flows into a defined volume over a specified period of time minus what flows out of that volume over that specified period of time must accumulate in that volume. The substance in that volume is depleted if the accumulation's sign is negative.
This is so that our eyes, once they start to follow anything, will keep moving in that direction until they come across another thing or object. A line with an arrow at the end of it, for instance, is a great illustration of the continuity concept.
Note that three conditions must be met for a function to be continuous at a point: At that time, the limit must exist.
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in short-track speed skating, the track has straight sections and semicircles 16 m in diameter. assume that a 65 kg skater goes around the turn at a constant 13 m/s .
Part A
What is the horizontal force on the skater?
part B
What is the ratio of this force to the skater's weight?
The horizontal force on the skater is 1373 N
Define force.
An object experiences a push or pull as a result of interacting with another object called force. Each object is subject to a force whenever two objects interact. The two items no longer feel the force after the interaction ends.
The diameter of the semicircular portion of the track is 16 m.
Therefore its radius is, r = 8 m.
The tangential velocity of the skater is 13 m/s.
Therefore the angular speed is
ω = v/r = (13 m/s)/(8 m) = 1.625rad/s
The horizontal force on the skater is due to centripetal acceleration
a = r*ω² = (8 m)*(1.625 rad/s)² = 21.125 m/s².
The force acting on the 65-kg skater is
F = m*a = (65 kg)*(21.125 m/s²) = 1373 N
The ratio of this force to the skater's weight: 1373/65 is 21.125
i.e. centripetal acceleration
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consider the points p(,,) and q(,,). a. find and state your answer in two forms: and aibjck. b. find the magnitude of . c. find two unit vectors parallel to .
Two vectors are said to be parallel if and best if the perspective between them is zero tiers. Parallel vectors also are known as collinear vectors. The two parallel unit vectors are 0, 3/√10i, -1/√10 j.
Consider the points p(,,) and q(,,):
P (-4,1,0)
Q (-4,-5,2)
A. find and state your answer in two forms
PQ = (-4+4, -5-1, 2-0)
= (0,-6,2)
B. find the magnitude
|PQ|= √(0)2+ (-6)2 + (2)2
= √36+4
= √40
= 2√10
C. find two unit vectors
Unit vector parallel to PQ
= < 0, -3/√10, 1/√10 >
= < 0, 3/√10, -1/√10 >
In physics, magnitude is defined as the maximum size and orientation of an object. Size is used as a common factor for vector size and scalar size. By definition, we know that a scalar quantity is one that has only one quantity.
Force Magnitude is a numerical value that expresses the strength of a force. Example: Suppose the force is = 10 N towards the east. "East" is the direction, and "10" is the strength.
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which lighting method has most of the light from the light source reflected away from the camera, with the light usually at an angle of less than 45 degrees or focused off the object
Sidelighting is lighting method has most of the light from the light source reflected away from the camera.
Define Backlighting.
In order to create some visual contrast between the subject and the background, backlight is slanted down upon the subject from behind, emphasizing their shapes. the primary light's brightness, on average.
One of the most used methods in stage and portrait photography is side lighting. Additionally, it is a very attractive light that suits people of all ages and appearances. To highlight your model's bone structure, facial characteristics, and body shape, use side lighting.
Right or left side lighting is coming from a 45 degree angle with respect to your subject (or at 45 degrees diagonally from your camera over your subject).
Your subject will appear flat and have no shadows if the light is coming from the front. If you employ front or back lighting, you will create shadows, which are less aesthetically pleasing to the face but reveal depth and definition.
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What mass of silver can be plated onto an object in 33. 5 minutes at 8. 70 a of current?.
Calculated on a scale where the atomic mass of hydrogen and oxygen are the starting points, the molar weights of silver is provided as m = 19.55 g.
How is the molecular mass determined?Using the mass listed in the Periodic Law or Atomic Weight Table, determine the atomic mass for each element. To calculate the molecular mass of a molecule, multiply the index (number of atoms) by the atomic mass of each element in the molecule and add those masses together.
what Are atomic mass and molar mass equivalent?Atomic mass of a single compound unit, whereas molecular mass refers to the mass of a single mole of a compound. In essence, atomic mass is the mass of the atom, and molar mass is the average mass of the compound's constituent parts.
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1.85 m tall person stands 8.50 m in front of a large, concave spherical mirror having a radius of curvature of 4.00 m. Determine the mirror's focal length, image distance, and magnification.
The mirror's magnification is -0.307, which indicates that the image is inverted, and its focal length is 2.0 m. The picture's separation from the mirror is 2.61 m.
Mirror radius: R = 4.0 meter's
Mirror's focal length is equal to
focal length = R/2,
focal length = 4.0/2 m, and f = 2.0 m.
The man is 1.85 meter's tall.
Do = 8.5 meter's separates the subject from the mirror.
The distance between the picture and the mirror is di
1/di = 1/2.0-1/8.51
di = 1/0.382
di = 2.61m.
The picture is produced on the same side of the mirror as the item because the image distance is positive, hence the image will be accurate.
The magnification is negative thus the picture created is inverted.
magnification = -di/do = - 2.61/8.5 = -0.307.
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Calculate the frequency of a water wave that has a wavelength of 0. 5 m and a speed of 4 m/s.
The frequency of the water is 8 Hertz
What is frequency and wavelength ?The wavelength is the separation between two wave crests, and troughs have the same wavelength. The number of vibrations that pass over a specific spot in a second is known as the frequency and is expressed in cycles per second (Hz).
The frequency and wavelength of light are inseparably linked. The frequency increases with decreasing wavelength. As a result, the relationship between frequency and wavelength is inverse.
Given : Frequency of water = ?
Wavelength of water = 0.5m
And the speed of water = 4m/s
Frequency can be calculated by : f = v/λ
where , f = frequency
v = speed
λ = wavelength
So, f = v/λ
On substituting the values in the formula we get:
f = 4/0.5
f = 8 Hertz
Thus the required frequency of water is 8 Hertz
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if properties are allowed to change within the control volume, the processes are called flow. (textbook chapter 5)
Transient-flow are processes that involve changes within a control volume with time.
Explain transient flow and its effects?
Unsteady flow is a flow in which velocity and pressure vary with time. A transient flow condition is when a change occurs in the fluid system, such as starting or stopping a pump, opening or closing a valve, or changing the tank level. Otherwise, the system is in steady state. In many cases, transient flow conditions exist as oscillating pressure and velocity waves for some time after the original event that caused them.
Transient flow is commonly referred to as surge or water hammer, and the terms are often interchanged. Strictly speaking, however, surge is when the fluid's mass vibration is the dominant force and the fluid's compressibility is not important. For example, two connected reservoirs vibrate up and down. Water hammer on the other hand is where the compressibility of the fluid has the dominant effect such as the sudden closure of a valve. Transient flow can result in significant transient pressures that may exceed the design limit of the pipes and fittings. Or it may be important to maintain a steady flow for example in the process industry. Therefore a detailed understanding of transient flow can be very important.
Thus, Transient-flow are processes that involve changes within a control volume with time.
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if the charge on q1 is doubled, assuming that charge of q2 and the distance of r stay the same, what will happen to the force between the two charges?
The force between the two charges will increase.
What is force?
An influence that can alter an object's motion is referred to as a force in physics. An mass-laden object can change its velocity, or accelerate, in response to a force by moving away from rest, for example. Intuitively, pushing or pulling can be used to describe force. As a vector quantity, a force is one that has both direction and magnitude. It is expressed as a newton in the SI system (N). F is a symbol that stands for force (formerly P).
The net force acting on an object seems to be equal to the rate that its momentum changes over time, according to the original formulation of Newton's second law.
This is because the force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Therefore, doubling the charge of q1 will increase the force between the two charges because the product of the charges will be doubled, despite the distance remaining the same.
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what is the minimum thickness of film required? assume that the wavelength of the light in air is 480 nanometers.
Assuming that the light in air has a wavelength of 500 nanometers, the minimum thickness of the film needed is 83.9 nm.
How to calculate about Destructive Interference?Given; Index of refraction of polystyrene; η_p = 1.49
Index of refraction of Fabulite; η_f = 2.409
Light's in-air wavelength is 500 nm.
In order to answer this question, it will be found that light will initially be reflected twice: once from the top coating layer and once from the contact between the coating and the polystyrene material.
The light's additional path in the coating is 2t, whereas the path difference is 2t p.
Thus, minimum thickness of film required will be gotten from the formula used in destructive interference which is; 2tη_p = λ/2
t = λ/2 * 1/2η_p
t = λ/(4η_p)
t = 500/(4 * 1.49)
t = 83.9 nm
Therefore The minimum thickness of the film required assuming that the wavelength of the light in air is 500 nanometers is; 83.9 nm
The complete question is : A thin film of polystyrene is used as an antireflective coating for Fabulite (known as the substrate). the index of refraction of the polystyrene is 1.49, and the index of refraction of the fabulite is 2.409. what is the minimum thickness of film required? assume that the wavelength of the light in air is 500 nanometers.
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