Kanban Production Cards are an inventory control mechanism used to manage the flow of parts and materials into and out of a manufacturing process. They act as a trigger to initiate replenishment and typically represent the movement of a standard quantity of production stock, such as a container of parts, from one point in the manufacturing process to the next.
Kanban is a Japanese word that translates to “sign” or “card,” and the Kanban Production Card system uses cards or other visual signals to initiate replenishment when parts are consumed in the manufacturing process.
The formula to calculate the number of Kanban production cards is
:Number of Kanban Production Cards = Demand During Lead Time + Safety Stock / Container Capacity
The Demand During Lead Time is calculated as follows:Demand During Lead Time = Demand Rate * Lead Time
The Safety Stock is calculated as follows:Safety Stock = Demand Rate * Lead Time * Safety Factor
The number of Kanban production cards, in this case, is calculated as follows:
Number of Kanban Production Cards = Demand During Lead Time + Safety Stock / Container Capacity
Number of Kanban Production Cards = 320 units/hour * 6 hours + (320 units/hour * 6 hours * 30%) / 65 units
Number of Kanban Production Cards = 115 cards (rounded up to the nearest whole number)
The cards will represent 6 hours' worth of demand as calculated from the given data.
The number of Kanban production cards when the lead time is reduced to five hours is calculated as follows:
Number of Kanban Production Cards = Demand During Lead Time + Safety Stock / Container Capacity
Number of Kanban Production Cards = 320 units/hour * 5 hours + (320 units/hour * 5 hours * 30%) / 65 units
Number of Kanban Production Cards = 96 cards (rounded up to the nearest whole number)
The cards will represent 5 hours' worth of demand as calculated from the given data.
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Currency: Russian Ruble
Obtain a quotation for the spot rate of the foreign currency from the bank where you intend to conduct your foreign exchange transactions. Then obtain a quotation for the spot rate of the foreign currency from another bank. Does it appear that the spot rates are aligned across locations at a given time?
Obtain a quotation for the one year forward rate of the foreign currency from the bank where you intend to conduct your foreign exchange transactions. Then use a business periodical to determine the prevailing one year interest rates in the United States and Russia. Does it appear the interest rate parity exists?
Review the data on forward rates from the Wall Street journal or another source to determine wether the foreign currency of concern typically exhibits a discount or a premium. Then review data on interest rates to compare the foreign country of concern and the us interest rates. Does it appear that the forward rate of the foreign currency exhibits a premium ( discount) when its interest rate is lower ( higher ) than the us. Interest rate, as suggested by interest rate parity?
The Russian Ruble (RUB) is the currency of Russia. Obtaining a quotation for the spot rate of the foreign currency from the bank where you plan to conduct foreign exchange transactions is the first step in foreign exchange transactions.
After that, obtain a quotation for the spot rate of the foreign currency from another bank.
Is it evident that the spot rates are aligned across locations at a particular time?
The spot rate of the foreign currency will differ slightly across banks,
and the rate will vary over time based on market conditions.
So, it does not appear that the spot rates are aligned across locations at a given time.
The next step is to obtain a quotation for the one-year forward rate of the foreign currency from the bank where you plan to conduct foreign exchange transactions.
Using a business periodical, determine the prevailing one-year interest rates in both the United States and Russia.
Interest rate parity may be determined by determining whether the forward rate is higher or lower than the spot rate.
It is recommended to calculate forward rates using both interest rate parity and covered interest rate parity to obtain more accurate results.
If interest rate parity is true, the forward exchange rate will be equal to the expected future spot rate,
and the forward rate will be equal to the spot rate multiplied by the ratio of interest rates for the two currencies.
After that, review the forward rate data from a reputable source like the Wall Street Journal to see if the foreign currency of concern typically exhibits a discount or a premium.
If the forward rate of the foreign currency exhibits a premium when its interest rate is lower than that of the US,
it is a discount when its interest rate is higher than the US interest rate, as suggested by interest rate parity.
This information can be compared to the interest rates of both countries to see whether interest rate parity is satisfied or not.
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Quantitative Problem: 5 years ago, Barton Industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,000 face value and a 9% coupon, semiannual payment (\$45 payment every 6 months). The bonds currently sell for $844.87. If the firm's marginal tax rate is 25%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. %
Barton Industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,000 face value and a 9% coupon, semiannual payment (\$45 payment every 6 months).
The bonds are currently sold for $844.87. If the firm's marginal tax rate is 25%, then what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt?We know that,Current market price of bond = $844.87.
Face value of bond = $1000
Coupon payment = $45
Coupon rate = 9%
Tax rate = 25%.
[tex]First, let us calculate the YTM of the bond.Using excel function, YTM = 6.3% (approx)[/tex]
[tex]After-tax cost of debt = YTM × (1 - Tax rate) = 6.3% × (1 - 0.25) = 4.725%[/tex]
[tex]Answer: The after-tax cost of debt is 4.725%.[/tex]
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Depreciation methods; solving for unknowns [LO11-2] For each of the following depreciable assets, determine the missing amount. Abbreviations for depreciation methods are SL for straight-line and DDB for double-declining-balance. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar.)
To solve for the missing amount in depreciable assets, we need to use the given depreciation methods.Straight-line depreciation method Straight-line depreciation is the simplest and most frequently used depreciation method.
It is calculated by taking the difference between the asset's initial cost and its estimated salvage value, then dividing by the asset's estimated life. Straight-line depreciation provides a consistent amount of depreciation expense for each year of an asset's useful life.Example:
A company purchased a machine for 100,000 on January 1, 2021.
The company estimated the salvage value to be 10,000 and the machine's useful life to be 10 years. Calculate the annual depreciation using Straight-line and Double-declining balance depreciation method.
For Straight-line depreciation method:
Annual depreciation = (Asset cost - Salvage value) / Useful life
Annual depreciation = (100,000 - 10,000) / 10 years
Annual depreciation = 9,000 per year
For Double-declining balance depreciation method:
Depreciation rate = 2 / Useful life
Depreciation rate = 2 / 10
Depreciation rate = 20%
Year 1 depreciation = 100,000 × 20% = 20,000
Year 2 depreciation = (100,000 - 20,000) × 20% = 16,000
Year 3 depreciation = (100,000 - 20,000 - 16,000) × 20% = 12,800
And so on until we have reached the salvage value of 10,000.
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A global shipping company –ZECO-ZECO- is working around the world in 100 countries. Three of its ships in South Africa have sunk and ten sailors have killed and other fifteen have injured.
The media has targeted the company for a week asking for closing this branch because of low quality assurance.
The public opinion is against the company and pressured to review all the quality assurance system of the company around the world.
This decision either to close the branch or to review the ships will cost the company a massive amount of money and hurt its reputation.
In addition, it will allow all workers to ask for compensation and wages raise for safety. And legal obligations will be increased for any accident that happened now or at the past. –
If you are the CEO of the company, do you agree or disagree that the company should close the branch and review all the quality assurance regulations? Why? Justify your answer
Give a complete answer, How does the company overcome and mitigate this situation?
If I were the CEO of the company, I would agree that the company should close the branch and review all the quality assurance regulations.
How to explain the informationClosing the branch is the most immediate way to address the public's concerns about safety. It would also send a message to the company's employees and customers that the company is taking the sinkings seriously and is committed to safety.
Reviewing all the quality assurance regulations is also important. It will help to identify any areas where the company can improve its safety standards. This will help to prevent future accidents and protect the company's reputation.
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One tool the Fed uses is reserve requirements. Which correctly describes this tool? Reserve requirements are the percentage of deposits that a bank must hold in cash or on deposit with the Fed. Reserve requirements refer to the Fed buying and selling of securities. Reserve requirements are rates at which member banks can borrow money from the Fed. Reserve requirements refer to the Fed buying and selling of securities. Question 63 1 pts Which stock market index has the largest number of firms in its calculations? The NASDAQ Composite The Dow Jones Industrial Average (The DOW) The S\&P 500 The Market Watch 10,000 Ariana Grande knows you took a business class and has a question: "I read that at the end of March 2022, there was almost \$21 Trillion dollars of M1 in the U.S. economy. That seems like a lot of money. So, what is in M1?" It includes all of M2. It includes savings deposits. It includes balances on consumer credit cards. It includes currency and coins in circulation. Question 65 1 pts The largest (by volume) stock exchange in the United States is the New York Stock Exchange The NASDAQ Exchange The Nikkei Stock Exchange The Midwest Stock Exchange Which of these is a true statement about stocks? Stocks are insured by the FDIC. A stock represents a portion of ownership of a corporation. Purchasers of stocks must be repaid if the stock loses value. A stock earns interest payments. Question 67 Which of these is true about bonds? Bondholders have the right to vote on major issues. Bondholders usually receive interest payments over the term of a bond. Bondholders must receive dividends. A bond represents a portion of ownership of a corporation.
The S&P 500 index has the largest number of firms in its calculations.
63: It is a stock market index that measures the stock performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is widely considered to be one of the best measures of large-cap US equities.
64:M1 includes currency and coins in circulation. M1 money supply is the total amount of currency and coins in circulation, demand deposits, travelers' checks, and other checkable deposits.
65:A stock represents a portion of ownership of a corporation. A stock or share is a financial instrument that represents ownership in a company. The holder of a stock is a shareholder, and is eligible to receive a portion of the company's profits, usually in the form of dividends, and to vote on important corporate decisions, such as the election of the board of directors.
66:Bondholders usually receive interest payments over the term of a bond. A bond is a type of debt security issued by a borrower to raise funds. The bondholder is essentially lending money to the issuer, which promises to pay back the loan amount with interest over a specified time period.
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Over the last 15 years, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on ethics in the accounting industry. An increase in regulation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the creation of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), have been the result of very famous and costly cases of fraud such as Worldcom and Enron. Research the 5 components of the COSO Framework and explain which you believe is the most important in establishing an effective internal control environment to prevent fraud.
The COSO Framework, developed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission, consists of five elements that work together to provide an efficient internal control environment. These elements include:
Control Environment: This element establishes the tone at the top and highlights the value of ethics and integrity inside the company. It includes elements like management's dedication to honesty, moral principles, and skill. Risk Assessment: This step entails locating and evaluating potential threats to the accomplishment of organisational goals. It involves assessing internal and external elements that could affect the organization's capacity to combat fraud.Control Activities: These are the practises, policies, and procedures put in place to lessen identified risks. Separation of roles, authorisation procedures, and other control measures are examples of
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You have $42,000 to invest in Sophie Shoes, s stock selling for $100 a share. The initial margin reasirement is 75 percent. Do not round intermediate calculations. found your answers to tro decimal places. Use a minus sign to enter negative values, If any. a. Ignoring takes and commissions, calculate your rates of return if the stock rises to $110 a share and if it decines to $40 a share assuming you pay cash for the stock. fate of return if the stock rises to $110 e share! Rate of refurn if the stock declines to $40 a share: b. Ignoring taxes and commissions, calculnte your fates of retum if the stock rises to 1110 a share and a it declines to $40 a share assuming you buy it using nuximum leverage. Mste of return if the stock rives to $110 a share: Rate of return if the stock declines to $40 a share:
With the selling price at $110 per share, the total selling price of the shares [tex]= 420 × $110 = $46,200[/tex]
Total profit = [tex]$46,200 - ($42,000 + $10,500) = $3,700[/tex]
a)Calculating the initial marginInitial margin = 75% of the purchase price of the stock
[tex]= (75/100) × 42,000 = $31,50[/tex]0
b)Using cash for the stock(i) The rate of return if the stock rises to $110 a share
Number of shares that can be purchased = 31,500/100 = 315Since the purchase price is $100 per share, 315 shares can be purchased.
With the selling price at $110 per share, the total selling price of the shares [tex]= 315 × $110 = $34,650[/tex]
Total profit =[tex]$34,650 - $31,500 = $3,150[/tex]
The rate of return = (Profit / Cost of investment) × 100% = (3,150 / 31,500) × 100% = 10%
(ii) The rate of return if the stock declines to $40 a share With the stock price at $40, the total selling price of the shares = 315 × $40 = $12,600
Total loss [tex]= $31,500 - $12,600 = $18,900[/tex]
The rate of return = (Loss / Cost of investment) × 100% = (18,900 / 31,500) × 100% = 60%b)Using maximum leverage(i) The rate of return if the stock rises to $110 a share
Number of shares that can be purchased = $42,000 / $100 = 420 shares
Initial margin = 25% of the purchase price of the stock = (25/100) × ($100 × 420) = $10,500
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if a gain of $8,903 is realized in selling (for cash) office equipment having a book value of $53,248, the total amount reported in the cash flows from investing activities section of the statement of cash flows is a.$62,151 b.$53,248 c.$8,903 d.$44,345
The total amount reported in the cash flows from investing activities section of the statement of cash flows is $53,248. Hence, option B is the correct answer.
In the statement of cash flows, the cash flows from investing activities section reports the cash inflows and outflows related to the acquisition and sale of long-term assets, such as property, plant, and equipment.
In this case, the gain realized from selling office equipment is $8,903. However, the gain is not included in the cash flows from investing activities. The gain represents a non-cash item and is typically reported separately in the income statement.
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1.In the market for real output, the initial effect of an increase in themoney supply is to a.shift aggregate demand to theright.b.shiftaggregate supply to the right.c.shift aggregate demandto the left.d.shift aggregate supply to the left.
The initial effect of an increase in the money supply in the market for real output is to shift aggregate demand to the right.
The increase in the money supply increases the supply of loanable funds, which lowers the interest rate, making it cheaper to borrow. Consumers and businesses tend to borrow more money when it's cheaper, leading to an increase in spending on goods and services. This increase in spending results in a rise in aggregate demand.
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A 15-year, 7.6% coupon bond that is selling at a bond yield of 9.8%. The coupon is paid semi-annually. What will be your annual rate of return if you hold the bond until maturity and the reinvestment rate for coupon payments is equal to 0%? Correct Answer is below
6.42%
6.53%
6.69%
3.21%
3.29%
6.58%
the correct answer is 6.53%.
Given:Time to maturity (years) = 15 Coupon = 7.6% = 0.076 Yield to maturity = 9.8% = 0.098 Compounding = Semi-annually
We need to find out the Annual rate of return if the bond is held until maturity and the reinvestment rate for coupon payments is equal to 0%.
The annual rate of return is also called Yield.The bond is paying 7.6% coupon semi-annually.
Therefore, each coupon payment is 0.5 * 7.6 = 3.8.The cash flow of the bond will be as follows:
Cash flow = 3.8 (PVIFAr%, 1) + 3.8
(PVIFAr%, 2) + ... + 3.8 (PVIFAr%, 30) + 100 (PVIFAr%, 30
)Where,Ar% is the semi-annual Yield to maturity converted to annual equivalent
rate.Ar% = (1 + 0.098 / 2)^(2) -
1Ar% = 0.102
Nominal value (FV) of the bond = 100
Using the above formula, we can calculate
Yield (Ar%).The value of Ar% =
6.53%.
Therefore, the correct answer is 6.53%.
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A financial instrument just paid the investor $326 last year. The cash flow is expected to last forever and increase at a rate of 2.3 percent annually. If you use a 7.9 percent discount rate for investments like this, what should be the price you are willing to pay for this financial instrument? (Round to the nearest dollar.)
The formula for the present value of a perpetuity is:PV
= C / r, where PV is the present value, C is the cash flow, andr is the discount rate. Using the formula, the price that should be paid for this financial instrument can be calculated as follows:PV
= C / rPV
= $326 / (0.079 - 0.023)PV
= $326 / 0.056PV
= $5821.43Therefore, the price that should be paid for this financial instrument is $5821.43. Rounding it to the nearest dollar, it will be $5821.
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Required:
Consider each separate situation.
1. The market rate at the date of issuance is 8%.
(a) Complete the below table to determine the bonds' issue price on January 1.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record their issuance.
2. The market rate at the date of issuance is 10%.
(a) Complete the below table to determine the bonds' issue price on January 1.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record their issuance.
3. The market rate at the date of issuance is 12%.
(a) Complete the below table to determine the bonds' issue price on January 1.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record their issuance.
Given data: Bonds payable $600,000 Term 10 years stated rate of 6% semi-annually. Compute the bond issue price on January 1, for different market rates.1. The market rate at the date of issuance is 8%.
(a) The bond issue price on January 1 is $643,678.
(b) The journal entry to record their issuance will be:
Bonds payable $643,678Cash $643,6782. The market rate at the date of issuance is 10%.
(a) The bond issue price on January 1 is $567,753.
(b) The journal entry to record their issuance will be:
Bonds payable $567,753Cash $567,7533. The market rate at the date of issuance is 12%.
(a) The bond issue price on January 1 is $500,187.
(b) The journal entry to record their issuance will be:
Bonds payable $500,187Cash $500,187
Note: The above solutions are computed using the present value of the bond payment. The present value of the bond payment is calculated using the below formula. Present value of bond payment= Future value of bond payment X Present value of the annuity due of $1 at the market rate.
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Recommendations for Minimizing Resistance? explain the following in detail from the following suggestions:student submitted image, transcription available below
Resistance to change is common in any organization as it is human nature to resist changes. However, there are ways to minimize resistance to change. Employees should be made aware of the change and why it is necessary.
Managers should communicate the benefits of the change and address any concerns employees may have. Employees should also be given the opportunity to ask questions and provide feedback.Involvement: Employees should be involved in the change process as much as possible. When employees are involved in the change process, they feel more ownership and are more likely to support the change.
Managers should be available to answer questions and provide guidance. They should also provide emotional support to employees who are struggling with the change. This can be done through regular check-ins and providing resources to help employees cope with the change. By following these recommendations, organizations can successfully implement change while minimizing resistance and ensuring employee buy-in.
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The SteelCo company manufactures steel rods. The specification limits on the lengths of these rods are from 95.6 inches to 95.7 inches. The process that produces these rods currently yields lengths that are normally distributed with mean 95.66 inches and standard deviation 0.025 inch.
a. What is the probability that a single rod will be within specification limits? Round your answer to three decimal places, if necessary.
b. What is the probability that at least 90 of 100 rods will be within specification limits? Round your answer to three decimal places, if necessary.
c. SteelCo's best customer currently buys 200 of these rods each day and pays the company $20 apiece. However, it gets a $40 refund for each rod that doesn't meet specifications. What is SteelCo's current expected profit per day? Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar, if necessary.
How small would its standard deviation need to be before it would net an expected $3,900 per day? Round your answer to three decimal places, if necessary.
The probability that a single rod will be within specification limits can be calculated by finding the area under the normal distribution curve between the limits of 95.6 inches and 95.7 inches.
Using the mean (μ = 95.66) and standard deviation (σ = 0.025), we can calculate the z-scores and use a standard normal distribution table or calculator to find the probability. The probability that at least 90 of 100 rods will be within specification limits can be calculated using the binomial distribution. We need to find the cumulative probability of having 90, 91, 92, ..., up to 100 rods within the limits. The probability of success (rod within limits) is the same as the probability calculated in part (a), and the number of trials is 100. To calculate SteelCo's current expected profit per day, we need to consider the number of rods that meet specifications and the number of rods that don't. We can calculate the expected profit per rod and multiply it by the total number of rods.
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Which of the following is a payroll accountant's responsibility? Multiple Choice Wage negotiations with prospective employees Construction contract negotiations with governmental entities Preparation for corporate safety audits Preparation of payroll tax returns
A payroll accountant is an accounting professional who has extensive knowledge of the payroll process and procedures. A payroll accountant's primary responsibility is to manage the payroll process for their company, ensuring that employees are paid accurately and on time.
They must also be familiar with various employment laws and regulations. Here are some of the responsibilities that a payroll accountant might have: Preparation of payroll tax returns Payroll accountants are responsible for ensuring that their company's payroll taxes are calculated and filed correctly.
This includes calculating the amount of taxes that need to be withheld from employees' paychecks, as well as any employer contributions that are required.
Wage negotiations with prospective employees Payroll accountants may also be involved in negotiating salaries and other compensation packages with prospective employees. They will need to have a thorough understanding of the company's payroll budget and compensation policies.
Construction contract negotiations with governmental entitiesPayroll accountants may be involved in negotiating construction contracts with governmental entities. They will need to have a thorough understanding of the company's financial resources and the terms of the contract.
Preparation for corporate safety auditsPayroll accountants may also be responsible for preparing for corporate safety audits. They will need to have a thorough understanding of the company's safety policies and procedures, as well as any regulations that apply to the company.
Overall, a payroll accountant plays a crucial role in ensuring that their company's payroll processes run smoothly and efficiently. They must be familiar with various employment laws and regulations, have excellent communication skills, and be able to work effectively in a team environment.
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Discuss the effects on the job-finding rate and the expected duration of unemployment from the following (a) An increase in unemployment insurance benefits (b) A technological change that improves the matching of workers and jobs
When there is an increase in unemployment insurance benefits, it leads to a decrease in the incentive for individuals to search for jobs.
They get comfortable in receiving unemployment benefits and therefore stop looking for jobs.
This leads to a decrease in the job-finding rate since the number of job seekers decrease in the labor market, thereby increasing the expected duration of unemployment.
(b) A technological change that improves the matching of workers and jobsWhen there is a technological change that improves the matching of workers and jobs, it leads to an increase in the job-finding rate.
This is because the matching of workers and jobs becomes more efficient and the time taken to find jobs is reduced, which leads to a reduction in the expected duration of unemployment.
Technological changes help in improving the effectiveness of the recruitment process, which leads to a reduction in the expected duration of unemployment.
This is because these changes improve the speed at which job seekers are matched to available job openings.
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Companies facing strong competition and limited resources may have no choice but to adopt a differentiated focus strategy (Niche competitive advantage).
Discuss this statement as it relates to Dr. Martens.
(needs to be in paragraphs, detailed answer)
Dr. Martens, which was initially known as the Griggs company, is an iconic British footwear company that was established in 1947. The firm became famous for its tough, long-lasting boots that were sold to workers and later to youth subcultures.
Over time, the brand's products have been embraced by a broad range of consumers, including fashionistas, musicians, and subcultures like punk and goth.
Dr. Martens is a company that has had to cope with strong competition and limited resources, and the company's success is a result of its ability to maintain a competitive edge in its niche markets. The firm has accomplished this by focusing on its core products and creating a loyal customer base. This approach is in line with the differentiated focus strategy that is used by businesses facing strong competition and limited resources.
The differentiated focus strategy is a technique used to establish a competitive advantage in a specific market segment. The strategy focuses on offering unique products or services that cater to the needs of a specific market segment. Dr. Martens has achieved success through its differentiation strategy, which involves creating unique products and marketing them to a specific target market.
Dr. Martens has also adopted a niche competitive advantage strategy. This strategy is based on focusing on a specific niche market that is often ignored by larger competitors. Dr. Martens has focused on producing unique boots that cater to the needs of specific market segments such as punk and goth subcultures. By targeting these markets, Dr. Martens has created a loyal customer base that has helped it to remain competitive despite strong competition and limited resources.
In conclusion, Dr. Martens has managed to remain competitive in the footwear industry by adopting a differentiated focus strategy. The company has focused on creating unique products that cater to the needs of specific market segments. Additionally, Dr. Martens has embraced a niche competitive advantage strategy that has allowed it to focus on a specific market segment and build a loyal customer base. By doing so, the company has achieved success despite strong competition and limited resources.
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SECTION A [100 MARKS] Answer ALL the questions in this section. Question 1 NOTE: All 4 questions are related to the case study. Overview Community Medical Associates (CMA) is a large urban health care system with two hospitals, 25 satellite health centers, anı outpatient clinics. CMA had 1.5 million outpatient visits and 60,000 inpatient admissions the previous year. Long patient wa times, uncoordinated clinical and patient information, and medical errors plagued the system. Doctors, nurses, lab technicii managers, and medical students in training were very aggravated with the labyrinth of forms, databases, and communication lir Accounting and billing were in a situation of constant confusion and correcting medical bills and insurance payments. complexity of the CMA information and communication system overwhelmed its people. Today, CMA uses an integrated operating system that consolidates over 50CMA databases into one. Health care providers in the CMA system now have access to these records through 7,000 computer terminals. The next phase in the development of CMAs integrated system was to connect it to suppliers, outside labs and pharmacies, other hospitals, and to doctor's home computers, that is, the entire value chain. The case allows the students to apply lean principles to a large and complex health care network and think about the nature of the value chain. This case is best assigned to individual students or student teams and the class discussion can range from 20 to 30 minutes depending on what the instructor wants to emphasize. Like many cases in the OM text, we try to get students out of the goods-producing factory and into a serviceproviding organization. Elaborate on how CMA used the four principles of lean operating systems to improve performance.
Community Medical Associates (CMA) used the four principles of lean operating systems to improve performance in the following ways:
Elimination of Waste: CMA focused on identifying and eliminating waste throughout its operations. This involved reducing long patient wait times, streamlining administrative processes, and eliminating unnecessary forms and paperwork. By reducing waste, CMA was able to improve efficiency and enhance the overall patient experience.
Continuous Improvement: CMA implemented a culture of continuous improvement, encouraging employees at all levels to identify areas for enhancement and propose solutions. This approach allowed CMA to address issues such as uncoordinated clinical and patient information and medical errors. By continually seeking improvement, CMA aimed to enhance the quality of care and outcomes for its patients.
Standardization: CMA implemented standardized processes and protocols across its system. This ensured consistency in how tasks were performed and reduced variations that could lead to errors or inefficiencies. Standardization also allowed for better coordination and communication among different departments and locations within CMA.
Integration and Collaboration: CMA integrated its operating system, consolidating numerous databases into a single system. This integration enabled health care providers to access patient records and information seamlessly, promoting better coordination of care. Furthermore, CMA sought to connect its system with suppliers, labs, pharmacies, and other hospitals to enhance collaboration across the entire value chain.
By applying these principles, CMA was able to improve its overall performance. The reduction of waste, focus on continuous improvement, standardization of processes, and integration and collaboration efforts all contributed to enhanced efficiency, patient satisfaction, and the delivery of high-quality care.
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What are some internal controls procedures used at a place of
employment?
Internal control procedures refer to the policies and processes created by an organization to ensure the integrity of its financial and accounting information and to avoid fraud, waste, or abuse. There are several types of internal control procedures that a company can implement in the workplace to safeguard assets and ensure accuracy in financial reporting. Let’s take a look at a few of them: Separation of duties: This is a process of dividing responsibilities and tasks among different people within the organization to prevent fraud, waste, or abuse.
For instance, the person who approves a purchase should not be the same person who processes the payment. This segregation ensures that no single person has complete control over a financial transaction. Reconciliation of accounts: This process involves comparing two sets of records to ensure that they are accurate and complete. In accounting, reconciliation refers to verifying that the amounts recorded in the company’s books match those in the bank statements. Reconciling accounts is an essential part of internal control because it ensures the accuracy of financial statements and detects errors and discrepancies. Training and education: An organization should provide training to its employees to understand internal control procedures and how they apply to their job responsibilities. This training ensures that employees know how to identify and report any fraudulent or suspicious activities that they encounter. Additionally, it is essential to educate employees on the importance of following internal control policies and procedures. Employee background checks: Another internal control procedure involves conducting background checks on prospective employees to verify their identity, employment history, and criminal record. This is a way to ensure that new hires have no past history of fraudulent or criminal activities and will not pose a risk to the organization’s security and reputation.
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TransTech sells its product for $150. Marginal cost is a constant $135 per unit and fixed costs are $33,375.
Q: What is the breakeven quantity?
Please specify your answer as an integer.
Q: What is the breakeven revenue?
Please specify your answer as an integer.
If Marginal cost is a constant $135 per unit and fixed costs are $33,375
a) The breakeven quantity is 2,225 units.
b) The breakeven revenue is $333,750.
a: The breakeven quantity refers to the number of units that need to be sold in order to cover all costs and achieve a zero profit. It can be calculated by dividing the total fixed costs by the difference between the selling price and the marginal cost per unit.
In this case, the fixed costs are $33,375, and the marginal cost per unit is $135. Therefore, the breakeven quantity can be calculated as follows:
Breakeven quantity = Fixed costs / (Selling price - Marginal cost per unit)
Breakeven quantity = $33,375 / ($150 - $135)
Breakeven quantity = $33,375 / $15
Breakeven quantity = 2,225
b: The breakeven revenue refers to the total sales revenue needed to cover all costs and achieve a zero profit. It can be calculated by multiplying the breakeven quantity by the selling price per unit.
In this case, the selling price per unit is $150 and the breakeven quantity is 2,225 units. Therefore, the breakeven revenue can be calculated as follows:
Breakeven revenue = Breakeven quantity * Selling price per unit
Breakeven revenue = 2,225 * $150
Breakeven revenue = $333,750
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Discuss Nedbanks short term and long term sources of finance
Nedbank is one of South Africa's largest commercial banks, providing its clients with a wide range of banking and financial services. Nedbank's primary goal is to assist its clients in achieving their financial goals by offering personalized and comprehensive financial advice and assistance.
In terms of financing, the bank uses both short-term and long-term sources of funding.Short-term financing is a type of financing that is usually for a term of less than one year. Short-term funding is used to meet immediate working capital needs such as accounts payable, inventory, and payroll. Short-term funding is typically less expensive than long-term funding, and it may be secured or unsecured. In this instance, Nedbank has several sources of short-term financing, including overdrafts, credit cards, and short-term loans.
Nedbank's long-term financing, on the other hand, is used for more extensive initiatives and projects. In general, long-term financing refers to any financing that has a term of more than one year. Long-term financing is typically secured and may be used for capital expenditures such as machinery or property acquisition. Long-term financing is often less expensive than short-term financing, but it also takes longer to obtain. Nedbank's long-term financing sources include mortgages, bonds, debentures, and long-term loans.
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(PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT)
Contingency planning should be part of the risk management plan. Fires, floods and pandemics are the types of events that we often associate with contingency planning. Based on a project scenario :-
(a) Discuss why it is important to make contingency planning for this project.
Contingency planning is essential for every project because it helps to prevent the loss of time, money, and resources in the event of unforeseen circumstances.
Unforeseen circumstances are circumstances that are not anticipated at the start of a project and are therefore not included in the project plan. Unforeseen circumstances can include a variety of events that can disrupt the project and make it difficult to achieve the objectives set out in the project plan. For example, fires, floods, and pandemics are some of the unforeseen circumstances that can occur during a project.
Contingency planning is an essential part of the project risk management plan. It is important because it helps to prevent the loss of time, money, and resources in the event of unforeseen circumstances. In the case of this project scenario, it is important to make contingency planning for the project to ensure that the project is completed successfully and on time. The following are some of the reasons why contingency planning is important for this project:- To prevent project delays: Contingency planning can help to prevent project delays by identifying potential risks and developing strategies to mitigate those risks.- To reduce the impact of risks: Contingency planning can help to reduce the impact of risks by developing strategies to minimize the impact of those risks on the project.- To ensure project success: Contingency planning can help to ensure project success by developing strategies to deal with unforeseen circumstances and to ensure that the project objectives are achieved within the specified time frame.
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Each project should be judged against
A. the specific means of financing used to support its implementation.
B. the going interest rate at that point in time.
C. the cost of new common stock equity.
D. the weighted average cost of capital
The correct option is D. the weighted average cost of capital. Each project should be judged against the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the weighted average cost of capital for a company. WACC represents the average expense of a company's capital sources, which include equity and debt. It is computed using the following formula:
WACC = (E/V × Re) + ((D/V × Rd) × (1-T))
Where,
Re = Cost of Equity,
Rd = Cost of Debt,
E = Market Value of the Company's Equity,
V = Total Market Value of the Company's Financing Debt and Equity,
D = Market Value of the Company's Debt,
T = Tax Rate
WACC is used as a hurdle rate by a company's management to determine the feasibility of new projects. Each project should be assessed against the company's weighted average cost of capital. If the project's internal rate of return is higher than the weighted average cost of capital, the project should be accepted. If the project's internal rate of return is lower than the weighted average cost of capital, the project should be rejected.
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Considering Belbin's categorization of team roles(Resource Investigator, Teamwork, Co-ordinator, Plant, Monitor Evaluator, Specialist, Shaper, Implementer, Completer Finisher) which team role or roles do you think fit you best? Do you think some of these roles are more common for cybersecurity experts?
Belbin's team role model is one of the most well-known models for team-building, developed by Dr. Meredith Belbin. It's based on the assumption that for any group or team to work together efficiently, the personalities of the members must complement one another.
According to Belbin's model, there are nine distinct team roles that people may take on, each with its specific characteristics. These nine team roles are Resource Investigator, Teamwork, Co-ordinator, Plant, Monitor Evaluator, Specialist, Shaper, Implementer, and Completer Finisher.
Now let's look at the roles that might fit best for a cybersecurity expert. Specialist: Cybersecurity is a specialized field, and it takes someone with a specific skill set to work in this industry.
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The tock of payout corp. Will go ex-dividend tomorrow. The dividend will be $0. 50 per hare
- The stock of Payout Corp. will go ex-dividend tomorrow.
- Investors who buy the stock on or after the ex-dividend date will not receive the upcoming dividend payment.
- The dividend for Payout Corp. is $0.50 per share.
- Investors who own the stock before the ex-dividend date will receive a dividend payment of $0.50 per share.
The term "ex-dividend" refers to the date on which a stock no longer carries the right to receive the next dividend payment. In this case, the stock of Payout Corp. will go ex-dividend tomorrow.
When a stock goes ex-dividend, it means that investors who buy the stock on or after the ex-dividend date will not be eligible to receive the upcoming dividend payment. Only investors who own the stock before the ex-dividend date will be entitled to receive the dividend.
The dividend for Payout Corp. is $0.50 per share. This means that for every share of Payout Corp. that an investor owns before the ex-dividend date, they will receive a dividend payment of $0.50.
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fdr and president hoover chart provided assistance to private relief and charity organizations (red cross, etc)
False. While President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) implemented numerous policies and programs to provide relief during the Great Depression, including the establishment of the New Deal, his administration focused primarily on government-led initiatives rather than relying on private relief and charity organizations. FDR's programs aimed to address the economic and social challenges of the time through federal intervention and public works projects.
On the other hand, President Herbert Hoover, who preceded FDR, initially advocated for a more limited government role in addressing the economic crisis of the Great Depression. Hoover believed in the importance of voluntary efforts and private charities to provide relief to those in need. However, as the severity of the crisis deepened, Hoover also implemented government interventions, such as the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, to provide assistance to struggling businesses and banks.
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C. Expenditures and changes in fund balances.mellion. During 2022. Work declared and paid cash dividends of 540 million. Best recorded the investiment using the equity method 8y the indirect method of reporting cash flows, Best would report: the $300 million investment as a cash outfow from operating activities. the $18 million imvestment revenue as a cash inflow from investing activities, the $12 million dividend as a cash inflow from operating activities. the $18 million investment revenue as an adjustment subtracted form Net income. the $12 million dividend as an adjustment subtracted form Net income.
The equity method is a method of accounting for an investment in which the investor has significant influence over the investee. The indirect method of reporting cash flows begins with net income and then makes adjustments to cash flow from operating activities to account for non-cash items and changes in current assets and liabilities.
Using the indirect method of reporting cash flows, Best would report the $18 million investment revenue as an adjustment subtracted from net income, and the $12 million dividend as an adjustment added back to net income. The $300 million investment would not be reported as a cash outflow from operating activities or a cash inflow from investing activities because it is not a cash transaction and does not affect the cash balance directly. Instead, the investment would be reported as a non-cash investing and financing activity in the notes to the financial statements.It is important to note that the equity method does not affect cash flows, but rather affects the income statement and balance sheet.
Therefore, the cash inflow from investing activities would only include cash received from the sale of investments and cash paid for the purchase of investments.
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the company has predicted a sales increase of 20 percent. it has predicted that every item on the balance sheet will increase by 20 percent as well. create the pro forma statements and reconcile them. (input all answers as positive values. do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) what is the plug variable? (do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
To create the pro forma statements and reconcile them, we need to understand the concept of a plug variable.
In financial forecasting, a plug variable is used to balance the pro forma statements. It is an amount that is adjusted to ensure that the assets and liabilities on the balance sheet are equal. In this case, since the company has predicted a sales increase of 20 percent, all items on the balance sheet are expected to increase by the same percentage.
To calculate the plug variable, we need to determine the total increase in assets and liabilities due to the predicted sales increase. Let's go through the steps:
1. Calculate the total increase in assets: Multiply the current assets by 20% to find the increase in assets.
2. Calculate the total increase in liabilities: Multiply the current liabilities by 20% to find the increase in liabilities.
3. Compare the total increase in assets and liabilities. If they are equal, then no plug variable is needed. However, if they are not equal, we need to find the plug variable to balance the balance sheet.
4. To find the plug variable, subtract the total increase in liabilities from the total increase in assets. The result will be the plug variable.
5. Round your answer to the nearest whole number, as specified in the question.
By following these steps, you will be able to determine the plug variable needed to reconcile the pro forma statements.
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Setting order sizes and schedules for individual subassemblies and resources by week or day fits best with which level of the generic framework for resource planning?
A)Aggregate planning - Level 1
B)Disaggregation - Level 2
C)Execution - Level 3
D)Capacity requirements planning
Setting order sizes and schedules for individual subassemblies and resources by week or day aligns with the level of disaggregation - level 2 in the generic framework for resource planning (option b).
1) Level 1: Aggregate planning involves determining the overall production levels, capacity, and resource requirements at a high level, typically done on a monthly or quarterly basis. It focuses on key factors like demand forecasts, capacity constraints, and overall resource allocation. The question specifically mentions setting order sizes and schedules for individual subassemblies and resources by week or day, which indicates a more detailed level of planning than aggregate planning.
2) Level 2: Disaggregation refers to breaking down the aggregate plan into specific products, components, or subassemblies. It involves converting the high-level plan into a more detailed plan that specifies quantities, schedules, and resource requirements for individual items. This level of planning aligns with the question's scenario of setting order sizes and schedules for individual subassemblies and resources on a more frequent basis.
3) Level 3: Execution involves the actual implementation of the detailed plan, including issuing orders, coordinating production activities, and monitoring progress. While execution is an important step in resource planning, the question specifically focuses on the level of planning rather than the execution itself.
4) Capacity requirements planning (CRP) is a technique used within the execution phase to ensure that sufficient resources are available to meet the detailed production plan. While CRP is relevant to resource planning, it is a subset of the overall execution level and not the primary level that addresses the question.
Based on the above analysis, the most suitable level of the generic framework for resource planning for setting order sizes and schedules for individual subassemblies and resources by week or day is B) Disaggregation - Level 2.
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the acquisition cycle is linked to the revenue cycle through the
The acquisition cycle is linked to the revenue cycle through the recognition of expenses incurred during the acquisition process, which ultimately affects the calculation of revenue and profit.
In more detail, the acquisition cycle involves activities such as purchasing goods or services, receiving and verifying them, and recording the related expenses. These expenses are recognized as part of the acquisition cycle and impact the overall cost of goods sold (COGS) for the company. The revenue cycle, on the other hand, involves activities related to generating revenue, such as selling goods or services to customers. The revenue generated is calculated by deducting the COGS from the total sales revenue. Therefore, the expenses incurred during the acquisition cycle directly influence the COGS, which in turn affects the calculation of revenue and profit in the revenue cycle.
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