Consider one such cell where the magnitude of the potential difference is 40 mV, and the inner surface of the membrane is at a higher potential than the outer surface. A sodium ion (Na ) is initially just outside the cell membrane (initially at rest). How much work (in J) is required for a cell to absorb the ion, so that it moves from the exterior of the cell to the interior

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: W = 6.4x10⁻²¹J

Explanation: Work is the energy transferred to or from an object due to the application of a force along a displacement.

The ion Na is gaining energy to move from a lower potential to a higher one.

For this to happen, the work done is calculated as

[tex]W=q.\Delta V[/tex]

in which

W is work in Joules (J)

q is charge in Coulomb (C)

[tex]\Delta V[/tex] is potential difference in Volts (V)

The ion Na has one positive charge. In coulombs, the charge is

q = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹C

The potential difference in Volts is

[tex]\Delta V[/tex] = 40x10⁻³ or 4x10⁻²V

Calculating

[tex]W=q.\Delta V[/tex]

W = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹. 4x10⁻²

W = 6.4 x 10⁻²¹ J

The work done to move an ion of sodium from the exterior to the interior is 6.4 x 10⁻²¹ J.


Related Questions

In which scenario is the ecosystem the most stable? Suggest a reason for this and use the word competition in this explanation

Answers

Answer:

The ecosystem was most stable where the rabbit eats only plant A. I feel like this happened because since the rabbit is only eating plant a, the competition between plants A and B is reduced

w, use what you have learned about heredity to complete the chart below. The allele pairs in the left column represent eye color in fruit flies. Ris the
ominant color (red), and r is the recessive color (white). Study the chart and fill in the missing phenotypes.

Answers

Answer:

RR is hom0zygous dominant and will Red

Rr is heterosygous and will also be red

rr is hom0zygous recessive and will be white

Explanation:

The filling of the chart with respect to the genotype given is as follows:

RR (homozygous dominant) gives Red eye color in fruit flies. Rr (heterozygous) will also deliver red eye color in fruit flies.rr (homozygous recessive) gives white eye color in fruit flies.

What is meant by Genotype?

Genotype may be defined as the ultimate combination of alleles of those genes which are selected for specific study in order to deliver some sort of genetic information.

As it is an organism is its complete set of genetic material. These can also be utilized in order to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location.

In fruit flies, red eye color is dominant over white eye color. So, when red eyed-colored (RR) flies are crossed with white-eyed colored flies (rr), they produce offspring with the genotype Rr and phenotype of red-eye color. This all deals with the law of dominance.

Therefore, the filling of the chart with respect to the genotype given is well described above.

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1. Which best describes an organ system?
A. It is made up of similar cells.
B. It is made up of similar tissues.
C. It is made up of different organs
D. It is made up of different organism.


2. Which of the following is composed of tissues that come together to perform a specific function?
A. Cell
B. Organ
C. Organ system
D. Organism

3. Which of the following is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function?
A. Organ
B. Organ system
C. Tissue
D. Organism

4. What is the simplest level of organization in a organism?
A. Organ
B. Organ system
C. Tissue
D. Cell

5. An organ system is a group of organs which _____.
A. Are made of similar cells
B. Are made of similar tissues
C. Is a specific part of the body
D. Work together to perform interrelated function

Answers

Number 4 is A: Organ/Organelle
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. D

What is the purpose of the part of the female reproductive system highlighted
below?
O A. Developing a fetus
B. Collecting sperm
C. Storing eggs
D. Transporting eggs

WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!

Answers

Answer:

the picture isnt really clear but i guess B

Explanation:

just to explain the collecting of sperm happens in the oviduct

the developing of a fetus happens in the uterus

The female reproductive system includes the glands and organs that produce the female gamete, the egg. The highlighted part in the diagram stores eggs. Thus, option C is correct.

What are the parts of the female reproductive system?

The female reproductive system has various organs like ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus, accessory, and other external organs. They are involved in the production and storage of eggs or the ovum.

The ovaries are the main organs that are two in number and oval-shaped structures, located on either side of the uterus, and produce ovum and hormones, estrogen and progesterone.

During the menstrual cycle, one of the ovaries releases the ovum in the fallopian tubes that may get fertilized or get shaded with the blood and tissues. The egg is produced through the process of oogenesis in the ovaries.

Therefore, the highlighted part is the ovary that stores the egg.

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In one species of bird, there are three varieties of feather color. What is this an example of?
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
color diversity

Answers

Answer:

The answer is C, genetic diversity.

Explanation:

The three varieties of feather color is an example of genetic diversity.

WHAT IS GENETIC DIVERSITY?

Genetic diversity is the variation that occurs within the genetic material of organisms.

The genes are responsible for the phenotypic expression of traits.

Three varieties of feather color in a poultry animal is an example of diversity in the genetic content.

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Check your understanding! Mark any that are correct.

Mutations are random.
Mutations are most beneficial and useful for an organism.
Mutations can occur in both DNA and RNA, which are nucleic acids.
Mutations can only occur during interphase.
Not all genes code for proteins.
Not all genes are “turned on” at a given time.
Substitution mutations typically result in a frameshift mutation.
Mutations can be genetically inherited.

Answers

Answer:

no lo sé lo siento amigo espero que tengas suerte

PLEASE HELP I BEG U

If energy is traveling from the plant → Goat → Jackal → Lion, what percentage of the energy from the plant will make it up to the lion? How do you know?

Answers

Answer:

Because the goat ate the plant which the energy from the plant transfers from the plant to the goat to the jackal to the lion

The producer receives its energy from the sun, which is the ultimate source of energy. Meaning all the energy we use comes from the sun. Like I said earlier, the energy from the corn moves into the mouse. Not all the energy that the corn has is able to be transferred into the mouse, only about 10% of the available energy is transferred to each trophic level. A trophic level is the position an animal occupies in a food chain. And again only about 10% of energy is transferred from the mouse to the owl.

To find 10%, we can multiply the starting number by 10%. We need to change 10% into decimal form, with is 0.10. Say the corn has 2,000 joules of energy. We will multiply 2,000 x 0.10 = 200

A short cut is to move the decimal over one spot to the left. 2,000.0 to 200.00 or 5,500.0 to 550.00

The carrot has 8,800 Kcal of energy. The rabbit would have 880 Kcal of energy, the fox would get 10% of that, which is 88 Kcal of energy and the lion gets 10% of that, 8.8 Kcal of energy.

This information can also be shown in the form of an energy pyramid. The bottom of the pyramid is always the producer. The next layer of the energy pyramid is the primary consumer, the next level is the secondary consumer, then the tertiary consumer. As we go up the pyramid, the energy decreases. Along with the energy decreasing there is also a decrease in the number of animals available at each level. For example there are more producers than primary consumers, more primary consumers than secondary consumers, and more secondary consumers than tertiary consumers.

What does this pyramid tell us about the population?

The population is growing.

The population is stationary.

The population is declining.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

the population is stationary

Answer:

The population is declining.

Explanation:

I just took the test its not staionary

Some people cannot digest milk products because they lack an enzyme to break down lactose in milk.
Which enzyme is it?
A. hydroxylase
C. maltase
B. Lactase
D. peroxisomes

Answers

Answer:

Lactase

Explanation:

What was your initial reaction to this picture

Answers

My eyes feel blessed, I want to pet him. He seem pretty chill

Describe how the conservation of matter and energy is applied to stellar formation. In your answer discuss the early components of stars and what happens at the end of stellar lifecycles. Think about the matter in a star and what happens to it.

Answers

Answer:

                                             

Explanation:

Approximately what percent of the oxygen on Earth is produced through
photosynthesis?

Answers

Answer:

50-85%

Explanation:

Like all plants, they photosynthesize – that is, they use sunlight and carbon dioxide to make food. A byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen. Scientists believe that phytoplankton contribute between 50 to 85 percent of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere.

Can someone help me please, I just want to understand how to do it​

Answers

the daughter cells go inside of the metaphase

A break in Earth’s lithosphere?

Answers

Answer:

A fault is a fracture, or break, in Earth's lithosphere, along which blocks of rock move past each other.

I hope it's helpful!

Earthquakes are the brittle breaking of the lithosphere. There is no sharp boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The Earth gets gradually hotter as you go deeper, so the viscosity of rocks gradually gets smaller. On the other hand, the crust and mantle are different rock types.

Hope this helps!


4. What are two ways that celestial navigation/astronavigation and navigation by GPS differ?
Do they have anything in common?

Answers

Differences: Celestial navigation is completely based on the position of sun in the sky. Here, the use of angular measurements can exist among the celestial objects. It is less accurate than the GPS.

The ways that celestial navigation/astronavigation and navigation by GPS differ include:

Celestial navigation is less accurate than GPS.Celestial navigation is an ancient method of navigation while GPS is a newer method of navigation.

Celestial navigation is the navigation by the sun, moon, stars, and planets. GPS which refers to the global positioning system refers to the navigation system that's space-based that is important for broadcasting accurate navigation pulses to the users.

The global positioning system is also known to be the network of satellites that are used in determining the location of a particular thing.

The similarity between them is that they are both ways of locating a particular thing since they're used for navigation.

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Do producers in an ecosystem transfer all their energy to first-level consumers?

Answers

Answer:

Producers in an ecosystem transfer all their energy to primary-level consumers. Organisms at higher trophic levels tend to be fewer in number than those at lower trophic levels. ... The lowest trophic level of any ecosystem is the producers.

Compare adaptation and fitness

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

An adaptation is a trait an organism has to make it better suited for the enviorment

Fitness, however is the measure of how many offspring an organism can produce and this depends on these individuals having these sucessful adaptations.

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The gene for a long neck also gives stronger, faster muscles, which gives tortoises with this trait
an advantage in catching insects. How would this advantage affect the population of tortoises from
Generation 1? How may that affect subsequent generations?

Answers

Answer:

it would help them thrive

Explanation:

because it anables them to catch more with there stronger faster necks

The shift in the traits of tortoises in the population states how natural selection drove the evolution of the tortoises.

Why do tortoises shift in their traits?

During the evolution, with an extended period of time, the shorter vegetation became less available and tortoises with short necks had the disadvantage to survive in that area.

Tortoise develops genes for a long neck and having stronger, faster muscles, which gives tortoises with this trait an advantage in catching insects.

This natural selection helps the tortoises, to survive by catching more food in a particular area, it states tortoises with long necks are the only tortoises living during evolution.

Therefore, this advantage increases the survival rate of the tortoise population.

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Complete the flowchart to show the stages of cellular respiration and fermentation.

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Answers

Answer:

The stages of cellular respiration are: Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle and phosphorylative oxidation.

The fermentation stages are: glycolysis and pyruvate regeneration.

Explanation:

Cellular respiration is a biochemical process that occurs in all aerobic organisms and aims to promote the obtaining of the necessary energy so that the cells can perform the activities they need to perform. Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and oxygen must be present in the process.

Fermentation is the biochemical process that replaces cellular respiration in organisms that do not survive in the presence of oxygen, the anaerobic organisms that are some fungi and bacteria. Fermentation also aims to produce cellular energy.

3. Describe What are two functions of the fluids in semen?

Answers

Answer:

motility, transportation, capacitation, and fertilising ability. Once in contact with females, seminal fluid may stimulate ovulation, modulate immune activity, provide nutrition, alter reproductive-tract pH, and form mating plugs.

Explanation: Brainlest plz?

Answer:

Here the answer

Explanation:

mark me as brainliest pla

4 Select the correct answer. A family has a Y-linked disease that affects the father. What is the chance of a male offspring inh А. 100% OB. 50% Oc. 25% OD. 0% Reset Next​

Answers

Answer:

Remember that males have an x and y chromosome, while women have two x chromosomes.

Explanation:

This means that a female offspring (daughter) inherits her father's only x chromosome and one of her mother's x chromosomes, while a male will receive his father's y chromosome and one of his mother's x chromosomes.  

This means that the boy will necessarily inherit his dad's Y chromosome, and any diseases that it carries.  

The chance of a male offspring inheriting the disease is  

A) 100%

Answer:

Mother

Explanation:

This mutation needs two X chromosomes. Only the mother has two X chromosomes (XX). The father is male, so he only had one X chromosome (XY).

help please asap

Directional selection differs from stabilizing selection in that:

a.Directional selection favors one extreme phenotype, whereas stabilizing selection favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes

b.Directional selection requires new mutations whereas stabilizing selection uses existing variation

c. Directional selection operates only in small populations, whereas stabilizing selection only works in large populations

d. they both do nothing, these are terms I made up while writing this retake

Answers

Answer:

a. Directional selection favors one end of the phenotype distribution, whereas

stabilizing selection favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes

Explanation:

Directional selection is called directional because it favors one phenotype over another, and stabilizing selection finds a balance between phenotypes.

Directional selection differs from stabilized selection in that it prioritizes one end of the phenotypic distribution, but stabilized selection prioritizes the middle over extreme phenotypes.

What is phenotype selection stabilization?

The stabilized choice is the opposite of a destructive choice. Prefer intermediate varieties rather than individuals with extreme phenotypes. Stabilization of choice tends to remove more serious phenotypes and results in reproductive success of standard or average phenotypes.

What is an example of a stabilization choice?

Stabilization of selection If the evolutionary pressure selects for two extremes of the trait, the population experiences stabilization of selection. For example, plant height can be affected by stabilizing choices. Plants that are too small may not be able to compete with other plants for sunlight.

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Why does a fever become dangerous to body functions if it continues to rise?
A. Dehydration will occur
B. Osmosis may be affected due to lack of water
C. A fever breaking is more dangerous than the fever itself
D. Proteins become denatured and are unable to complete their jobs

Answers

b osmosis may be affected due to lack of water

Fever has been defined as the rise in the temperature of the body. The rise in fever is a dangerous process as lack of water causes dehydration in the body. Thus, option A is correct.

What is dehydration?

Dehydration is the loss of water and body fluid than the intake of the fluid amount. The high-temperature condition of the body causes the loss of water from the body that gets evaporated from the skin cells.

When a person is suffering from fever the body fluid and electrolytes are lost by vomiting, tears, sweat, diarrhea, and urine. Dehydration can be detected by thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, etc.

Too much heat in the body during fevers results in the loss of water from the body that is more because the fluid intake gets reduced and the body becomes deficient in electrolytes and fluids.

It is a serious problem that should be dealt with so that the cells and tissues of the body can restore the water balance that is crucial for various activities and functions.

Therefore, option A. increase in the temperature in fever causes dehydration.

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The function of pure lines: ?

Answers

Answer:

The definition of a pure line is a result of inbreeding where animals or plants have certain characteristics that are the same through generations. An example of a pure line is the result of inbreeding of a certain flower to help it fight off diseases.

What structure of nerve cells (neurons)
allows for communication throughout the
body?

Answers

Answer:

While neurons have a lot in common with other types of cells, they're structurally and functionally unique. Specialized projections called axons allow neurons to transmit electrical and chemical signals to other cells. Neurons can also receive these signals via rootlike extensions known as dendrites.

Explanation:

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what is poultry farming ???​

Answers

Answer:

Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. It has originated from the agricultural era. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers.

Answer:

Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. It has originated from the agricultural era. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers.

find the meaning of ductile​

Answers

Answer:

Ductility is usually defined as the extent to which a material can be deformed plastically and measured in uniaxial tension.

Explanation:

A mother and father both have brown eyes, but their child has blue eyes. Which statement most likely explains this

Answers

Answer:

Blue eyes is a recessive trait

Explanation:

Recessive traits show in 25% of the offspring, but they skip the first generation. This means that the 25% only shows up in the second generation unless two recessive traits are put together. A likely combination is that both of the parents had Bb, which you can put into a punnet square to visualize.

      B       b

B    BB     Bb

b    Bb     bb90

A tick feeding on a human is an example of

Answers

Answer:

This would be a parasitism.

Explanation:

This is where one side benefits and the other is hurt.

DNA is used to tell people apart. What aspects of DNA do you think make this possible?

10 points! And I will mark Brainliest :)

Answers

Answer:

Kindly refer to the attachment.

Thank U,NExt

DNA can be used to tell people apart  - their DNA sequences or the lengths of repeated regions of DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique.

DNA contains genetic information that is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction.Each offspring forms by the combination of the parent's gene or DNAThe actual sequence of DNA on each of the chromosomes is unique due in part to recombination.recombination causes genetic variation and made everyone unique.This is incorporated in the nucleotide sequences in DNA molecules.

Thus, DNA can be used to tell people apart  - their DNA sequences or the lengths of repeated regions of DNA

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PLEASE HELP ILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIIEST The common ratio of a geometric sequence is 3 and the 8th term is 4,374. What is the 4th term in this sequence? you have a sample of 23.8 g of C2H6. how many moles of C2H6 are in the sample?Be sure to show your work and each step is writing out clearly. can someone help with this!!! Im a little stuck! The points represented by the (x, y) coordinate pairs all lie on line "k". These are the points: (1,3), (2, 1), (3,-1). (4.-3), and (5,-5). What is the slope of line k? A.2 B.5 C.-3 D.-2 Candace makes a sugar-water mixture for hummingbirds. She knows the amount of sugar used in the mixture is proportional to the amount of water used.Which of the following could represent the relationship between the amount of sugar and water Candace should use in the mixture? Can someone plz help me with this one problem plz!! what you have notice while reading the gift of the magipasagot agad brainliest answer to the correct answer A student entering high school is pursuing STEM education. What can you infer about this student?The student is uncomfortable applying math and science skills.The student is curious about the world and likes to investigate how things work within it.The student enjoys studying concepts rather than applying techniques to solve a problem.The student is an intuitive thinker who makes decisions based on how he or she feels at the time. HELP URGENT DUE IN 5 MINUTES URGENT PLEASE natural magnet is known as _________ alguien me ayuda??lo necesito hoy :ccccc Sonia is adapting the following scene into a sketch for her schools drama club. Compare her version to the original:Original:Rory stood pensively before the wall, which towered many dozens of feet high and had, so far as he could tell, no doors, no notches, no features of any kind. How frustrating, and yet, it was certainly a challenge.Staged:(RORY and BELINDA stare up at a wallit is high enough that its top cannot be seen on stage.)BELINDA: How many feet high is it, do you think?RORY: (excitedly) Dozens, I should think! No less than 60.BELINDA: There must be some kind of door! Or notches, or dents, something to climb . . .RORY: (gleeful) No, nothing of the sort. No features of any kindlook!BELINDA (pouting): How tremendously frustrating!RORY: Ah, but what a delicious challenge!Which of the following best describes how adding a second character affects the scene? *WILL MARK BRAINLIEST*simplify the irrational number square root of 45, then estimate it to two decimal places. 16. If x and y are positive integers such that the greatestcommon factor of xy2 and xy is 50, then which ofthe following could equal y ?F. 50G. 25H. 10J. 5K. 2 From her yearly salary of $193,837, Alina spent a total of $102,938 on rent, bills, and personal items. About how much did she save?Note: The values of salary and the total expense must be rounded off to the nearest thousand before estimation. a) 25 + 97 - 7246 -19 + 55185 - 82 + 39 please pick the right option Need help on this problem.. What made the atomic bombing of Japan so devastating for human life?1. radiation2. the destruction of buildings3. the force of the blast4. fires A forest covers 73,000 acres. A survey finds that 0.2% of the forest is old-growth trees. How manyacres of old-growth trees are there?There are acres of old-growth trees.Type an integer or a decimal)