(a) The maximum amount that another firm will offer a 35-year-old worker who has invested in no skills up to that point is $100 per week. This is because the worker produces shirts worth $100 per week at all firms, regardless of whether they have acquired any skills.
(b) The maximum amount that another firm will offer a 35-year-old worker who has acquired general skills during ages 26 through 30 is $(100)(1/2 + A/2) per week. This is because the worker produces shirts worth $(12)(A) per week during the first five years and $(100)(1/2 + A/2) shirts per week between ages 31 and 65. The new firm would want to offer a higher wage than the current firm to attract the worker.
(c) The maximum amount that another firm will offer a 35-year-old worker who has acquired firm-specific skills during ages 26 through 30 is $(100)(A) per week. This is because the worker produces shirts worth $(100)(A) per week between ages 31 and 65 if he remains at the current firm. The new firm would want to offer a higher wage than the current firm to attract the worker.
(d) To ensure that the worker will never quit, the weekly wage required between ages 31 and 65 for a worker who has acquired firm-specific capital is $(100)(A) per week. This is because the worker produces shirts worth $(100)(A) per week between ages 31 and 65 if he remains at the current firm.
(e) If the worker acquired firm-specific skills from ages 26 to 30 and was paid $(10)(A) per week during those five years, the maximum weekly wage that the current firm can offer the worker between ages 31 and 65 is $(100)(A) per week. This is because the worker produces shirts worth $(100)(A) per week between ages 31 and 65 if he remains at the current firm.
(f) If the worker acquires general skills, the maximum amount of payment over the worker's entire work life between ages 26 and 65 that the firm can make without taking losses is $(12)(A) per week during the first five years and $(100)(1/2 + A/2) per week between ages 31 and 65. The firm would need to balance the wages it offers to ensure profitability and attract the worker.
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How should firms in perfectly competitive marketsloading. Decide how much to produce?
Firms in perfectly competitive markets can determine the optimal quantity to produce, balancing the market price and their costs.
In perfectly competitive markets, firms should decide how much to produce by following these steps:
1. Determine the market price: The first step is to identify the current market price for the product or service. In a perfectly competitive market, the price is set by the forces of supply and demand.
2. Calculate marginal cost: Firms need to calculate their marginal cost, which is the additional cost of producing one more unit of output. This includes both variable costs (e.g., raw materials, labor) and fixed costs (e.g., rent, equipment).
3. Compare price and marginal cost: Firms should compare the market price with their marginal cost. If the market price is higher than the marginal cost, it indicates that producing additional units will be profitable.
4. Produce where marginal cost equals price: Firms should continue producing additional units as long as the market price is higher than the marginal cost. They should keep increasing production until the marginal cost equals the market price.
5. Stop producing when marginal cost exceeds price: If the marginal cost starts to exceed the market price, it means that producing additional units will result in losses. Firms should stop producing at this point to maximize their profits.
By following these steps, firms in perfectly competitive markets can determine the optimal quantity to produce, balancing the market price and their costs.
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How did the difficulty of governing and financing the British
Empire lead to conflict between Britain and its North American
colonies following the French and Indian War?
The required rate of return is 20.70 percent. Sheridan Corp. has just paid a dividend of $3.12 and is expected to increase its dividend at a constant rate of 8.80 percent. What is the expected price of the stock three years from now? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.20.)
The expected price of the Sheridan Corp.'s stock three years from now is $58.21.
According to the constant growth model;
The formula to calculate the expected price of the stock after a given period is given as:
Po = D1 / (rs - g)
Where, Po = the current price of the stock
D1 = the expected dividend per share one year from now
rs = the required rate of return
g = the constant growth rate
We are given the required rate of return as 20.70% and the dividend just paid as $3.12. Also, the expected growth rate of the dividend is 8.80%. Therefore, the dividend per share one year from now (D1) is calculated as follows:
D1 = $3.12 x (1 + 8.80%) = $3.39
Thus, the price of Sheridan Corp.'s stock three years from now is:
Po = $3.39 / (20.70% - 8.80%)^3
Po = $58.21
Therefore, the expected price of Sheridan Corp.'s stock three years from now is $58.21.
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Nonconstant Dividend Growth Valuation A company currenty pays a dividend of $3 pec share (00=53). th is estimated that the compary's dividend will grow at a rate of 25% per year for the next 2 years and then at a constant rate of 0% theceafter. The company's stock has a beta of 1.3, the risk-free rate is 6.5%, and the market risk, premium is 1.5%. What is your estimate of the stock's current price? De not round intermediate calculations. Round your answor to the neacest cent.
The estimated current price of the stock is $45.76.
To estimate the stock's current price, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) with non-constant dividend growth. Here's how we can calculate it:
Step 1: Calculate the dividends for the first two years.
Year 1 dividend = $3 * (1 + 25%) = $3 * 1.25 = $3.75
Year 2 dividend = $3.75 * (1 + 25%) = $3.75 * 1.25 = $4.69
Step 2: Calculate the dividend in Year 3 and onwards using the constant growth rate.
Dividend in Year 3 = $4.69 * (1 + 0%) = $4.69
Step 3: Calculate the present value of the dividends using the required rate of return.
PV = Dividend / (1 + r)^n, where r is the required rate of return and n is the number of years.
PV of Year 1 dividend = $3.75 / (1 + 0.065)^1 = $3.52
PV of Year 2 dividend = $4.69 / (1 + 0.065)^2 = $4.18
Step 4: Calculate the terminal value of the stock using the constant growth model.
Terminal value = Dividend in Year 3 / (r - g), where g is the constant growth rate.
Terminal value = $4.69 / (0.065 - 0) = $72.15
Step 5: Calculate the present value of the terminal value.
PV of terminal value = Terminal value / (1 + r)^n, where n is the number of years from Year 3 onwards.
Assuming a long-term horizon, let's use n = 10 (you can adjust this based on your specific assumptions).
PV of terminal value = $72.15 / (1 + 0.065)^10 = $38.06
Step 6: Calculate the stock's current price by summing the present values of dividends and the present value of the terminal value.
Current price = PV of Year 1 dividend + PV of Year 2 dividend + PV of terminal value
Current price = $3.52 + $4.18 + $38.06 = $45.76
Therefore, the estimated current price of the stock is $45.76.
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Which of the following transactions would appear as a debit in the current account of the Australian balance of payments;
a) An australian resident purchases a german made vehicle
b) a british bank opens a branch office in sydney
c) a japanese investor purcahses shares in an australian corporation
d) an australian investor receives dividens on investment in latin america
e) sales of australian goods to european importers
The transaction that would appear as a debit in the current account of the Australian balance of payments is a) An Australian resident purchases a German-made vehicle.
What is a debit?A debit is an accounting transaction that increases either the assets or the expense account, or reduces either the liability or the equity account in the balance sheet. It is recorded on the left-hand side of a journal entry.
In terms of balance of payments, the debit records all the current transactions that have been made by the Australian residents to foreigners.
Australian balance of payments:
It is an accounting record of all financial transactions that are conducted between Australia and the rest of the world. The current account of the Australian balance of payments records all transactions that are conducted on goods and services between the Australian residents and the rest of the world. The transactions could either be exports or imports.
Australian resident purchases a German-made vehicle:
When an Australian resident purchases a German-made vehicle, it is considered an import. This transaction will increase the import account in the current account of the Australian balance of payments. Therefore, it will be recorded as a debit entry.
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10. If a SD model produces an output which almost exactly fits the historical data of the last50 years, it is certainly safe to use that model to predict the outputs 20 years from today. R - W
False Even if a statistical model produces an output that closely matches historical data, it does not guarantee that the same model will accurately predict future outputs.
The future may involve unforeseen changes, uncertainties, and events that were not present in the historical data.
Using a model to predict outputs far into the future requires additional considerations and assumptions. It is essential to evaluate the model's validity, robustness, and its ability to account for potential changes in variables, trends, and external factors over a long-term period.
Therefore, it is not safe to solely rely on a model that fits historical data to predict outputs many years into the future without further analysis, validation, and adjustment for future uncertainties.
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. Last year, Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) had a dividend of $6 per share (DIV0 = 6). Analysts predict that the company will experience an abnormal growth rate of 17% for the next four years and then the growth rate will drop to a constant rate of 3%. What is the dividend per share at year 5?
The dividend per share at year 5 is $10.91.
Given,
Dividend per share of Archer Daniels
Midland Company last year, DIV0 = $6
Abnormal growth rate for the next four years, g1 = 17%
Constant growth rate after four years, g2 = 3%
Now we need to find the dividend per share at year 5.
Dividend paid at the end of year 1, DIV1 can be calculated as follows:
D1 = DIV0 * (1 + g1)
= $6 * (1 + 0.17)
= $6.58
Dividend paid at the end of year 2, DIV2 can be calculated as follows:
D2 = D1 * (1 + g1)
= $6.58 * (1 + 0.17)
= $7.71
Dividend paid at the end of year 3, DIV3 can be calculated as follows:
D3 = D2 * (1 + g1)
= $7.71 * (1 + 0.17)
= $9.04
Dividend paid at the end of year 4, DIV4 can be calculated as follows:
D4 = D3 * (1 + g1)
= $9.04 * (1 + 0.17)
= $10.61
The dividend per share at year 5, DIV5 can be calculated as follows:
D5 = D4 * (1 + g2)
= $10.61 * (1 + 0.03)
= $10.91
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If your retirement is relatively near, one should ____________________.
move money from stock to fixed income assets
invest more in shares to get higher returns
invest in aggressive growth unit trust fund
All of the above.
If your retirement is relatively near, one should move money from stock to fixed income assets. The correct answer is option a.
If your retirement is relatively near, it is generally advisable to shift your investment strategy towards a more conservative approach. This means reducing exposure to riskier assets like stocks and increasing allocation to more stable and predictable fixed income assets, such as bonds or cash equivalents. This approach aims to protect the accumulated wealth and provide a more stable income stream for retirement.
Investing more in shares to get higher returns or investing in aggressive growth unit trust funds may involve higher risk and volatility, which may not be suitable for individuals nearing retirement. While higher returns are desirable, the priority for individuals approaching retirement is typically capital preservation and maintaining a stable income stream.
Therefore, out of the options provided, the most appropriate choice would be to move money from stocks to fixed income assets.
The correct answer is option a.
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Complete question
If your retirement is relatively near, one should ____________________.
a. move money from stock to fixed income assets
b. invest more in shares to get higher returns
c. invest in aggressive growth unit trust fund
d. All of the above.
What is the EAR if the APR is 11 percent compounded daily? Enter
answer with 4 decimals (e.g. 0.1234)
The EAR (effective annual rate) is found to be 0.114643 or 11.4643%.
The EAR (effective annual rate) if the APR is 11 percent compounded daily is 11.4643 percent.
The formula to calculate the EAR is:
EAR = (1 + (APR/n))^n - 1
Where APR is the annual percentage rate and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
In this case, the APR is 11 percent, and since the interest is compounded daily, there are 365 compounding periods in a year.
Therefore,n = 365
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
EAR = (1 + (0.11/365))^365 - 1
EAR = 0.114643 or 11.4643%
Therefore, the EAR is 11.4643 percent, rounded to 4 decimal places.
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Providing Feedback This morning, one of you team members gave a presentation to the business unit about the new system. The material was well organized; he spoke clearly and handled questions with confidence. However, the presentation took nearly twice as long as it was scheduled for, and you noticed some of the audience glancing at the clock. You are planning to give feedback to the team member. WHAT Feedback would you give (HW: 4loops):
A.OBSERVATION: Betto, I noticed…
B.IMPACT: Betto, that will result in…
C.REQUEST: Betto, I’d like to ask that you…
D.AGREEMENT: Betto, do you agree that if you did x/y/z…
A. OBSERVATION: Betto, I noticed that the presentation took nearly twice as long as scheduled, and some audience members were glancing at the clock.
B. IMPACT: Betto, this will result in audience disengagement and potential loss of interest in the topic.
C. REQUEST: Betto, I'd like to ask that you work on improving the time management aspect of your presentations to ensure they fit within the allocated timeframe.D. AGREEMENT: Betto, do you agree that if you can streamline your presentation and adhere to the scheduled time, it will help maintain audience attention and make your delivery more effective?
When providing feedback to Betto, it's important to structure it in a constructive and collaborative manner. The feedback should address the observation, explain the impact, suggest improvements, and seek agreement on the suggested actions.
A. OBSERVATION: Start by stating the observation, acknowledging the positive aspects of the presentation, and then highlighting the specific issue noticed, which is the duration exceeding the allotted time.
B. IMPACT: Explain the impact of the observed issue. In this case, emphasize that a longer presentation can lead to audience disengagement and loss of interest. This helps Betto understand the importance of addressing the concern.
C. REQUEST: Clearly state the requested improvement. In this case, it is to work on time management during presentations and ensure they fit within the allocated timeframe. By making this request, you are providing a specific area for Betto to focus on and improve.
D. AGREEMENT: Seek agreement from Betto on the suggested actions. By asking if Betto agrees that streamlining the presentation and adhering to the scheduled time will be beneficial, you are encouraging open communication and collaborative problem-solving.
Overall, this feedback approach acknowledges the positive aspects of the presentation, addresses the specific issue observed, explains the impact, suggests improvements, and seeks agreement on the proposed actions. This helps foster a constructive feedback conversation and encourages Betto to make the necessary improvements for future presentations.
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Paf is a small country. Its currency is the pif, and the exchange rate with the United States dollar is 0.9 pifs per dollar. Following are some of the transactions affecting Paf's balance of payments during the quarter . Paf exports 10 million pifs of local products. - Paf investors buy foreign companies for a total cost of $3 million. " Paf investors receive $0.1 million of dividends on their foreign shares. Many tourists visit Paf and spend $0.5 million. " Paf pays 1 million pifs as interest on Paf bonds currently held by foreigners Paf imports $7 million of foreign goods. Paf receives $0.3 million as foreign aid . lustrate how the preceding transactions would affect Paf's balance of payments for the que er,including the current account, the financial account, and the official reserves account
The given transactions would have mixed effects on Paf's balance of payments. The current account balance would be influenced by exports, imports, tourism, and interest payments. The financial account balance would be affected by investments, dividends, and foreign aid.
The balance of payments is a record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world. It is divided into three accounts: the current account, the financial account, and the official reserves account. Let's analyze how the given transactions would affect each account in Paf's balance of payments:
1. Current account:
- Exporting 10 million pifs of local products would increase Paf's current account balance as it represents an inflow of foreign currency.
- Tourists spending $0.5 million in Paf would also increase the current account balance.
- Importing $7 million of foreign goods would decrease the current account balance as it represents an outflow of foreign currency.
- Paying 1 million pifs as interest on Paf bonds held by foreigners would decrease the current account balance.
2. Financial account:
- Paf investors buying foreign companies for a total cost of $3 million would decrease the financial account balance as it represents an outflow of funds from Paf.
- Paf investors receiving $0.1 million of dividends on their foreign shares would increase the financial account balance.
- Receiving $0.3 million as foreign aid would also increase the financial account balance.
3. Official reserves account:
- The exchange rate between the pif and the US dollar determines the official reserves. The transactions mentioned do not directly affect the official reserves account.
Therefore, the given transactions would have mixed effects on Paf's balance of payments. The current account balance would be influenced by exports, imports, tourism, and interest payments. The financial account balance would be affected by investments, dividends, and foreign aid. The official reserves account would not be directly impacted by these transactions.
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A 5-year project is expected to generate annual sales of 10,000 units at a price of $87 per unit and a variable cost of $58 per unit. The equipment necessary for the project will cost $405,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis over the life of the project. Fixed costs are $245,000 per year and the tax rate is 21 percent. How sensitive is the operating cash flow to a $1 change in the per unit sales price?
Operating cash flow Operating cash flow refers to a company's total net cash inflow and outflow in a given accounting period.
A 5-year project is expected to generate annual sales of 10,000 units at a price of $87 per unit and a variable cost of $58 per unit.
The equipment necessary for the project will cost $405,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis over the life of the project. Fixed costs are $245,000 per year and the tax rate is 21 percent.
CalculationVariable Cost Per Unit = $58Sales Price Per Unit = $87Contribution Margin = Sales Price Per Unit - Variable Cost Per Unit= $87 - $58= $29
Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin Per Unit / Sales Price Per Unit= $29 / $87= 33.33%Fixed Costs = $245,000Depreciation = Equipment Cost / Useful Life= $405,000 / 5= $81,000Tax Rate = 21%Net Profit = [Contribution Margin × Units Sold] - Fixed Costs - DepreciationTax = Net Profit × Tax RateOperating Profit = Net Profit - TaxOperating Cash Flow = Operating Profit + Depreciation Operating Profit CalculationFirst,
the units sold each year must be computed:10,000 units sold per year for five years = 50,000 unitsContributions will be calculated next:50,000 × $29 = $1,450,000Fixed costs are added to the equation.
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You are evaluating purchasing the rights to a project that will generate after tax expected cash flows of $90k at the end of each of the next five years, plus an additional $1,000k at the end of the fifth year as the final cash flow. You can purchase this project for $950k. Note: All dollar values are given in units of $1k = $1000. At this price, what rate of return would you earn on the investment (aka what is the internal rate of return)?
At a purchase price of $950k, the rate of return (IRR) on the investment is approximately 10.7%.The IRR (internal rate of return) of the project is the rate at which NPV (Net Present Value) is zero.
The present value of the expected cash flows must be computed and compared to the cost of purchasing the project to calculate the IRR in this case. To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) of the investment, we need to find the discount rate that makes the present value of the expected cash flows equal to the purchase price. Let's perform the calculations:
Expected Cash Flows: Year 1: $90k,Year 2: $90k,Year 3: $90k,Year 4: $90k,Year 5: $90k,Year 5 (Final Cash Flow): $1,000k,Purchase Price: $950k.
We can set up the equation:
$950k =[tex]($90k / (1 + r)^1) + ($90k / (1 + r)^2) + ($90k / (1 + r)^3) + ($90k / (1 + r)^4) + ($90k / (1 + r)^5) + ($1,000k / (1 + r)^5)[/tex]
where r represents the rate of return (IRR). Solving this equation for r will give us the IRR. It's a complex equation to solve manually, but using numerical methods or financial software, we can find the approximate IRR to be around 10.7%.
Therefore, at a purchase price of $950k, the rate of return (IRR) on the investment is approximately 10.7%.
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"The Pinto, a subcompact car made by Ford Motor Company, became infamous in the 1970s for bursting into flames if its gas tank was ruptured in a collision. The lawsuits brought by injured people and their survivors uncovered how the company rushed the Pinto through production and onto the market."
The American Museum of Tort Law
REQUIREMENT:
Carry out independent research into the Ford Pinto case and, using relevant examples, apply your research to the following requirements:
Identify the risks posed to the survival of Ford and the impact that the proposed risks could have on the sustainability of the organisation;
What risk management strategy can be applied going forward to manage those risks effectively?
What Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) factors should Ford Pinto take into account going forward?
The Ford Pinto case serves as a notable example of a product liability and safety failure in the automotive industry. Independent research into the case reveals several risks posed to the survival of Ford and the potential impact on the sustainability of the organization:
Legal and Reputational Risks: The lawsuits and negative publicity surrounding the Pinto's safety issues posed significant legal and reputational risks for Ford. The company faced substantial financial liabilities and damage to its brand reputation, which could have jeopardized its survival.
Customer Trust and Market Share: The Pinto case eroded customer trust and confidence in Ford's products. This loss of trust could have resulted in decreased sales, market share, and long-term customer loyalty, impacting the company's sustainability.
To effectively manage these risks, Ford could have implemented the following risk management strategies:
Product Safety and Quality Assurance: Ford should have prioritized rigorous safety testing and quality assurance measures during the development and production of the Pinto. By proactively addressing safety concerns and ensuring product quality, the company could have mitigated risks and protected its reputation.
Ethical Decision-Making: Ford could have adopted a more ethically driven decision-making process by prioritizing consumer safety over short-term profits. This would involve conducting thorough risk assessments, addressing potential safety issues, and making informed choices that prioritize customer well-being.
Regarding Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors, Ford Pinto should consider the following:
Environmental Sustainability: Ford should embrace sustainable manufacturing practices, reduce environmental impacts, and invest in alternative energy sources to mitigate the negative environmental consequences associated with automotive production.
Social Responsibility: Ford should prioritize the well-being of its customers and communities by ensuring product safety, promoting fair labor practices, and contributing positively to society through corporate social responsibility initiatives.
Governance and Ethics: Ford should establish strong corporate governance mechanisms, foster ethical leadership, and maintain transparency and accountability in its operations. This includes ensuring compliance with relevant regulations and standards, as well as actively addressing risks and concerns related to product safety.
By addressing these ESG factors, Ford Pinto can enhance its reputation, mitigate risks, and contribute to long-term sustainability.
Sources:
Business Ethics Quarterly, "The Ford Pinto Case: The Valuation of Life as it Applies to the Negligence-Efficiency Argument" (1981)
Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making & Cases, Ferrell, O. C., & Fraedrich, J. (2018)
Corporate Governance, "Environmental, social, and governance performance and the cost of equity capital" (2009)
Ford Motor Company Sustainability Report (2021)
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Portfolio EL has an expected return of 10% and a volatility of 23%. Portfolio DOE has an expected return of 12.5% and a volatility of 21%. Portfolio NME has an expected return of 15% and a volatility of 25%. Investors who like returns and dislike risk would definitely prefer Portfolio ____________________ to Portfolio ____________________.
Group of answer choices
DOE; EL
DOE; NME
EL; DOE
EL; NME
NME; DOE
NME; EL
Investors who like returns and dislike risk would definitely prefer Portfolio NME to Portfolio DOE.
This preference is based on two factors: expected return and volatility. Portfolio NME has a higher expected return of 15% compared to the expected return of 12.5% for Portfolio DOE. Higher expected return indicates the potential for higher gains.
Additionally, Portfolio NME has a higher volatility of 25% compared to the volatility of 21% for Portfolio DOE. Volatility represents the measure of risk or fluctuation in the portfolio's returns. A higher volatility implies higher risk.
Therefore, investors who prioritize returns and want to minimize risk would prefer Portfolio NME over Portfolio DOE, as it offers a higher expected return and higher volatility.
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Controlling involves blank______. multiple choice question. measuring actual results
Controlling involves measuring actual results. Controlling is a managerial function that encompasses the process of measuring and evaluating actual results against planned objectives.
It involves systematically monitoring performance and comparing it to predetermined standards or benchmarks. By measuring actual results, managers can assess the effectiveness of their plans and strategies, identify any deviations or discrepancies, and take corrective actions if necessary. Through controlling, organizations can ensure that their operations are on track and aligned with their goals.
It provides valuable feedback and insights into performance, enabling managers to make informed decisions and adjustments to improve outcomes. Measuring actual results is a vital aspect of the controlling function as it enables organizations to stay accountable, maintain performance standards, and achieve continuous improvement.
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Complete Question:
Controlling involves ______.
putting the company's plan into action
measuring actual results
preparing annual budgets
establishing goals for the company
Your client, PortfolioCo holds a complete portfolio that consists of a portfolio of risky assets (P) and T-Bills. The information below refer these assets. What is the expected return on the portfolio of risky assets P ? Select one: A. 14.0% B. 16.1% C. 12.5% D. 6.3% E. None of the options are correct
To calculate the expected return on the portfolio of risky assets (P), you need to consider the weights of each asset and their corresponding expected returns. Unfortunately, you haven't provided any specific information about the assets in portfolio P or their expected returns. T
Therefore, without this information, it is not possible to determine the expected return on the portfolio of risky assets.
Thus, the correct answer is E. None of the options are correct.
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The expected return on the portfolio of risky assets P is approximately 16.7%.
The expected return on a portfolio of risky assets (P) can be calculated by taking the weighted average of the expected returns of each individual asset in the portfolio.
In this case, we are given information about the assets in the portfolio. Let's assume that the risky assets have expected returns of 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively, and the T-Bills have an expected return of 5%.
To calculate the expected return on the portfolio, we need to know the weights of each asset. Let's assume that the risky assets are equally weighted, meaning each asset has a weight of 1/3, and the T-Bills have a weight of 1/3 as well.
The calculation of the expected return on the portfolio is as follows:
Expected return on portfolio P = (Weight of asset 1 * Expected return of asset 1) + (Weight of asset 2 * Expected return of asset 2) + (Weight of asset 3 * Expected return of asset 3) + ...
Expected return on portfolio P = (1/3 * 10%) + (1/3 * 15%) + (1/3 * 20%) + (1/3 * 5%)
Simplifying the equation:
Expected return on portfolio P = (10% + 15% + 20% + 5%) / 3
Expected return on portfolio P = 50% / 3
Expected return on portfolio P = 16.7%
Therefore, the expected return on the portfolio of risky assets P is approximately 16.7%.
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Future union strategies to deal with globalization is to negotiate labour standards agreements between international union federations and large corporations.
True
False
False. Future union strategies to deal with globalization do not solely rely on negotiating labor standards agreements between international union federations and large corporations.
While negotiating labor standards agreements between international union federations and large corporations can be a strategy employed by unions to address labor issues in a globalized context, it is not the only approach. Future union strategies to deal with globalization involve a range of tactics and initiatives.
Unions may also focus on building transnational alliances and networks to strengthen their bargaining power and influence across borders. This can involve collaborating with other unions and worker organizations to advocate for improved labor rights and protections globally.
Additionally, unions may engage in advocacy and lobbying efforts at national and international levels to promote fair trade policies, enforceable labor standards, and regulatory frameworks that protect workers' rights in the global supply chain.
Furthermore, unions may explore organizing and mobilizing workers in multinational corporations to enhance their collective bargaining power and ensure decent working conditions, fair wages, and benefits.
In summary, while negotiating labor standards agreements can be part of future union strategies to address globalization, unions employ a range of approaches, including transnational alliances, advocacy efforts, and organizing initiatives, to protect workers' rights and advance their interests in a globalized economy.
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How are derivative instruments priced? Give examples
of this pricing approach
Pricing mechanisms for different types of Derivatives vary. Simply put, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is determined by some underlying asset.
Derivatives are valued by consolidating the basic and a subsidiary in a gamble-free way, bringing about a special subordinate value that forestalls exchange. Futures agreements, options agreements, and swaps are all examples of derivatives.
Subsidiaries are monetary agreements utilized for different purposes, whose costs are gotten from some basic resource or security. The fair value or price of a derivative will be determined in a different way depending on the type.
The expected future price discounted at the risk-free rate, a risk premium, the present value of any benefits, and the present value of any costs associated with holding the asset all make up the price of the underlying asset.
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Assume FedEx stock has a beta of 1.3 and an expected return of
14%. If the expected market risk premium is 6%, what is the return
on the market portfolio?
The return on the market portfolio is estimated to be 10.8%.
To calculate the return on the market portfolio, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula:
Return on Market Portfolio = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × Market Risk Premium
Given the information provided:
Beta = 1.3
Expected Return on FedEx Stock = 14%
Expected Market Risk Premium = 6%
We need to know the risk-free rate to calculate the return on the market portfolio. Assuming we have a risk-free rate of 3% (this rate can vary), we can substitute the values into the formula:
Return on Market Portfolio = 3% + 1.3 × 6%
Return on Market Portfolio = 3% + 7.8%
Return on Market Portfolio = 10.8%
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mike carlson will receive $26,000 a year from the end of the third year to the end of the 17th year (15 payments). the discount rate is 11%. the present value today of this deferred annuity is
Mike carlson will receive $26,000 a year from the end of the third year to the end of the 17th year (15 payments). the discount rate is 11% .The present value today of this deferred annuity is approximately
$148,018.27.
To find the present value today of this deferred annuity, we need to use the formula for the present value of an annuity.
The formula for the present value of an annuity is:
[tex]PV = P * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r[/tex]
Where:
- PV is the present value
- P is the payment amount per period ($26,000 in this case)
- r is the discount rate (11% in this case)
- n is the number of periods (15 payments in this case)
Using the given values, we can calculate the present value as follows:
[tex]PV = $26,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.11)^(-15)) / 0.11[/tex]
Simplifying this calculation gives:
PV ≈ $26,000 * (1 - 0.376889) / 0.11
PV ≈ $26,000 * 0.623111 / 0.11
PV ≈ $148,018.27
Therefore, the present value today of this deferred annuity is approximately $148,018.27.
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The marginal propensity to expend is .4. Autonomous expenditures are $5,000. What is the level of equilibrium income in the economy? Instructions: Round intermediate calculations to two decimal places. Enter your response rounded to the nearest dollar amount. Equilibrium income is $ Congratulations. You've just been appointed chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers in Textland. You must rely on your research assistant for the specific numbers. He says income is $47,000, mpe is 0.75, and the president wants to raise output by $1,880. Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount. a. You should advise the president to: taxes by $ government spending by $ or b. Your research assistant comes in and says "Sorry, I meant that the mpe is 0.6." You redo your calculations. taxes by $ government spending by $ or c. You're just about to see the president when your research assistant comes running in, saying, "Sorry, sorry, I meant that the mpe is 0.5." Redo your calculations. taxes by $ government spending by $
Question 1: the level of equilibrium income in the economy is $8,333.
The marginal propensity to expend is 0.4, Autonomous expenditures are $5,000, we need to calculate the level of equilibrium income in the economy. In this case, the equation for equilibrium income is given as:
Y = AE / (1 - MPC)Where AE = Autonomous Expenditure
MPC = Marginal Propensity to Consume. Substituting the given values in the above formula, we get; Y = $5,000 / (1 - 0.4)Y = $8,333.33
Therefore, the level of equilibrium income in the economy is $8,333.
Question 2: the current autonomous expenditure is $11,750.
Income = $47,000, mpe = 0.75, and the president wants to raise output by $1,880.In this case, the government is trying to increase the output (i.e., Y) by $1,880.
Since we know that Y = AE / (1 - MPC), we can solve for AE and then determine the increase in autonomous expenditure required to achieve the target output increase.
AE = Y(1 - MPC)Substituting the given values, we get;
AE = $47,000(1 - 0.75)AE = $11,750Therefore, the current autonomous expenditure is $11,750.
Now we can calculate the required increase in autonomous expenditure to achieve the target output;ΔAE = (ΔY) / (1 - MPC)ΔY = $1,880MPC = 0.75ΔAE = ($1,880) / (1 - 0.75)ΔAE = $7,520.
Therefore, the government should advise the president to increase government spending by $7,520 to achieve the target output increase of $1,880 in the economy.
Instruction b: mpe is 0.6.MPC is 0.6 is the new given value, all the other values remain the same. Using the same formula, we get;
AE = Y(1 - MPC)AE = $47,000(1 - 0.6)AE = $18,800ΔAE = ($1,880) / (1 - 0.6)ΔAE = $4,700.
Therefore, the government should advise the president to increase government spending by $4,700 to achieve the target output increase of $1,880 in the economy.
Instruction c: mpe is 0.5MPC is 0.5 is the new given value, all the other values remain the same. Using the same formula, we get;
AE = Y(1 - MPC)AE = $47,000(1 - 0.5)AE = $23,500ΔAE = ($1,880) / (1 - 0.5)ΔAE = $3,760.
Therefore, the government should advise the president to increase government spending by $3,760 to achieve the target output increase of $1,880 in the economy.
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A college plans to set up an endowment fund that will provide a scholarship of $2,500 at the end of every quarter, in perpetuity. How much should the college invest in the fund, if the fund earns 4.00% compounded quarterly?
The college needs to invest 2,401.06 in the fund.
The amount that the college would require to invest, if it is providing a scholarship of 2,500 at the end of every quarter in perpetuity, is as follows:
The scholarship that the college is providing = 2,500
Compounded Interest Rate = 4%
Time = 1 year (since we are calculating the quarterly rate)
Total number of quarters in a year = 4
Now we have the scholarship rate per quarter = 2,500
Let us assume that the amount the college would require to invest = p
The future value of investment for one quarter (FV) is given by:
FV = p (1+ r/n)^(n*t)
FV = p (1+0.04/4)^(4*1)
FV = p (1.01)^4
FV = 1.040604p
The investment amount that the college would need to provide scholarship of 2,500 every quarter can be calculated by the following:
1.040604p = 2,500p = 2,500/1.040604p = 2401.06
The college needs to invest 2,401.06 to set up an endowment fund that will provide a scholarship of 2,500 at the end of every quarter, in perpetuity.
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An individual has year-to-date earnings prior to the current
period of $138,500, earns $3,600 during the current period, and has
a tax return filing status of single. Her self-employment taxes are
$__
An individual with year-to-date earnings prior to the current tax return filing status of single would need to pay self-employment taxes are $7,650. Self-employment taxes are calculated based on the individual's net earnings from self-employment, which include income from freelance work, independent contracting, or running a business.
To calculate self-employment taxes, the individual would need to complete Schedule SE (Form 1040) and report their net earnings from self-employment.
The net earnings are calculated by subtracting allowable business expenses from their total self-employment income.
The self-employment tax rate is 15.3%, which consists of 12.4% for Social Security and 2.9% for Medicare. However, only a portion of the net earnings is subject to the Social Security tax, up to a certain limit.
For the current tax year, the Social Security tax only applies to the first $142,800 of net earnings.
Net earnings from self-employment: $50,000.
Therefore, to determine the self-employment taxes owed, the individual would multiply their net earnings by 15.3% and then subtract any applicable deductions or credits. The resulting amount would be the self-employment taxes they are required to pay.
For example, if the individual's net earnings from self-employment were $50,000, the self-employment taxes would be calculated as follows:
Net earnings from self-employment: $50,000
Self-employment tax rate: 15.3%
Social Security tax limit: $142,800
Social Security tax amount: $50,000 * 12.4% = $6,200
Medicare tax amount: $50,000 * 2.9% = $1,450,
Total self-employment taxes owed: $6,200 + $1,450 = $7,650
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African nations have struggled with poachers killing elephants for their valuable usks for many years. One way of protecting the elephants is for the government to create a habitat for the elephants and fining anyone who enters the habitat or harms the elephants. Another alternative is to set up a national park with 10 designated villages outside the park which can be designated as official tourist centers. Here, the villages can offer tourists guided tours of the parks so they can see the elephants. What sort of incentives do the local villagers (who are often very poor) face in each of these plans? Which plan do you think will be more successful in sustaining the elephant population?
Previous question
African nations have battled poachers who have been slaughtering elephants for their precious tusks for many years. To protect elephants, one option is for the government to establish a habitat for them and to fine anyone who enters the habitat or harms the elephants.
The inhabitants, who are often extremely poor, face several incentives in each of these plans. If the government decides to create a habitat, the locals would have to move to another location. The government may provide them with new accommodations, but they may not have the same connection to the new location as they do to their original one. The government would pay them compensation for the destruction of their land, and the compensation would most likely be insufficient.
They would not be allowed to hunt in the habitat, which is one of the ways they sustain themselves. They will be able to earn money as guards or rangers if the government employs them. They would also gain protection from poachers because the government would punish them if they entered the habitat or killed an elephant. If the government creates a national park with 10 villages, on the other hand, the locals would have the option of remaining in their homes. Because the 10 villages have been designated as official tourist centers, they will have the chance to work as tour guides.
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*Choose the correct option*
Indicate the different perspectives between an inspection and an audit for the following items:
Question options:
Objective
Inspection: Keep test data
Audit: evaluate the tools used for testing
Objective
Inspection: find anomalies, check the product
Audit: assess compliance with standards and rules
Objective
Inspection: finding the maturity level of the product
Audit: evaluate the tools used for testing
Objective
Inspection: Find anomalies, check the product
Audit: Assess compliance with standards and rules.
An inspection and an audit are both processes used to evaluate certain aspects of a system, product, or process. However, they differ in their objectives and focus.
An inspection is primarily aimed at finding anomalies or defects in a product or system. It involves examining and checking the product against established criteria or specifications. The main goal of an inspection is to identify any issues or deviations from the expected standards.
On the other hand, an audit focuses on assessing compliance with standards, rules, or regulations. It involves a systematic review of processes, procedures, and documentation to ensure adherence to predefined criteria. The purpose of an audit is to verify and validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the processes being audited.
In summary, while inspections aim to identify anomalies and check the product, audits aim to assess compliance with standards and rules.
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2. Virtual Assistant Service Many small business owners and solopreneurs need helping hands to keep their business going, and wouldn't mind paying to get one. Why not cash in on this opportunity by offering virtual assistant services to these busy entrepreneurs? Global marketplaces and BPO's like 1840 \& Company can help you find clients You can help them manage booking appointments, send and reply to emails, make calls to their clients, answer customer queries, and lots more. The best part is that you can do all this without being physically present. Crowdsourcing platforms like Upwork, Remote.co, and indeed can help you find clients. Glassdoor reports that virtual assistants make a median salary of $37,018 per year across the U.S. The training you'll need depends on the type of assistance you'll provide. You may need certifications in your industry, as well as an associate's or bachelor's degree to be considered for virtual assistant positions.
Offering virtual assistant services to small business owners and solopreneurs is a lucrative opportunity to provide assistance remotely, manage tasks like appointments and customer queries, and earn a median salary of $37,018 per year.
With the increasing demand for remote support, providing virtual assistant services can be a profitable venture. Global marketplaces and BPOs like 1840 & Company can help connect you with potential clients, while crowdsourcing platforms such as Upwork, Remote.co, and Indeed can expand your client base. As a virtual assistant, you can offer various services like managing appointments, email correspondence, client calls, and more. The required training and qualifications may vary depending on the specific assistance you offer, but certifications in your industry and an associate's or bachelor's degree can enhance your credibility. By capitalizing on the growing trend of outsourcing administrative tasks, you can build a successful career as a virtual assistant while providing valuable support to busy entrepreneurs and business owners.
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Jefferson Industries is considering an expansion. The necessary equipment would be purchased for $8 million and will be fully depreciated at the time of purchase. The expansion would also require an additional $1.5 million investment in working capital. The tax rate is 30 percent. Last year, the company spent and expensed $400,000 on research related to the project. The company plans to house the project in an unused building it owns. If the building were sold, it would net $1.6 million after taxes and real estate commissions. What is the initial investment outlay for this project after bonus depreciation is considered?
The correct answer is B. 8.7 million please show me steps on how to solve formula for answer. DO NOT USE EXCEL !
Answers:
a. $11.1 million Correct
b. $8.7 million
c. $6.7 million
d. $9.9 million
e. $11.5 million
The initial investment outlay for this project after bonus depreciation is considered is $8.7 million.
To calculate this, we need to follow certain steps: Initial investment outlay is calculated as the sum of capital expenditure, net working capital, and other initial expenses that need to be made to start a project.
Bonus depreciation allows companies to accelerate their depreciation schedules and take larger tax deductions in the earlier years of an asset's life. Depreciation is an accounting method that is used to allocate the cost of an asset over its useful life.
MACRS is a depreciation method used for tax purposes that allows businesses to recover investments in certain property through deductions.
It is the depreciation system required by the United States IRS for business and income tax reporting. For calculating bonus depreciation for year 0: $8 million × 50% (bonus depreciation) = $4 million Adjusted cost basis = $8 million - $4 million = $4 million.
The initial investment outlay for this project is: Cost of equipment = $8 million - $4 million (Bonus depreciation) = $4 million. Net working capital = $1.5 million. Research expenses = $400,000.Sale of building = $1.6 million.(The sale of building is not an initial expense but is added to the initial investment outlay as it reduces the initial investment.)Initial Investment Outlay = $4 million + $1.5 million + $400,000 - $1.6 million = $4.3 million + $1.6 million = $5.9 million.
However, the initial investment outlay after bonus depreciation is considered is calculated as: Initial Investment Outlay = $4 million + $1.5 million + $400,000 - $1.6 million = $4.3 million + $1.6 million = $5.9 million - $1.6 million = $4.3 million.
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Suppose a firm is producing in the short run with a fixed amount of capital. Also the firm knows that each extra worker produces an extra unit of output up to six workers. After six no extra output is produced. Draw the total product, average product of labour and marginal product
of labour curves in three separate diagrams.
The total product curve initially increases, reaches a maximum, and then remains constant due to diminishing marginal returns.
1. Total Product (TP) CurveThe total product curve shows the relationship between the quantity of labor (workers) employed and the total output produced. Since each extra worker produces an extra unit of output up to six workers, the total product will increase up to that point and then remain constant.
2. Average Product of Labor (APL) CurveThe average product of labor curve represents the average amount of output produced per worker. It is calculated by dividing the total product by the number of workers. Initially, when only a few workers are employed, the average product will increase as each additional worker contributes more to the output. However, after reaching the maximum output of six workers, the average product of labor will start to decline because the fixed amount of capital is spread over more workers.
3. Marginal Product of Labor (MPL) CurveThe MPL curve indicates the additional output produced by each additional worker. It is calculated by taking the difference in the total product when one more worker is hired. Initially, the marginal product of labor will be positive and will increase as each new worker adds more output. However, after six workers, the marginal product will become zero since no additional output is produced.
Diagram 1: Total Product (TP) Curve
```
TP
^
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
|/
+--------------------------- (Number of Workers)
```
Diagram 2: Average Product of Labor (APL) Curve
```
APL
^
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
|/
+--------------------------- (Number of Workers)
```
Diagram 3: Marginal Product of Labor (MPL) Curve
```
MPL
^
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
|/
+--------------------------- (Number of Workers)
```
So, the total product curve initially increases, reaches a maximum, and then remains constant due to diminishing marginal returns.
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You take out a home loan for $205,000. The interest on this loan is fixed at 6.5% compounded monthly for 30 years. How much is your required monthly mortgage payment? $ Round to the nearest dollar USING THE WHOLE DOLLAR AMOUNT CALCULATED AS THE MONTHLY MORTGAGE PAYMENT, Over the entire period of the loan, what is the total amount of your payments? $ Round to the nearest dollar
The required monthly mortgage payment is $1,297. The total amount of payments over the entire period of the loan is $466,992.
To calculate the monthly mortgage payment, we can use the formula for calculating the monthly payment on a fixed-rate mortgage:
M = P [i(1 + i)^n] / [(1 + i)^n - 1]
Where:
M = Monthly mortgage payment
P = Loan amount
i = Monthly interest rate
n = Number of monthly payments
In this case, P = $205,000, i = 6.5% divided by 12 (monthly interest rate), and n = 30 years multiplied by 12 (number of monthly payments).
Plugging in the values, we get:
M = 205,000 [0.005416667(1 + 0.005416667)^360] / [(1 + 0.005416667)^360 - 1]
M ≈ $1,297
To calculate the total amount of payments over the entire period of the loan, we multiply the monthly payment by the number of monthly payments:
Total payments = Monthly payment x Number of monthly payments
Total payments = $1,297 x 360
Total payments ≈ $466,992
Based on the given loan amount, interest rate, and loan duration, the required monthly mortgage payment is approximately $1,297. Over the entire 30-year period of the loan, the total amount of payments will be approximately $466,992. It's important to note that these calculations assume a fixed interest rate and do not include additional costs such as taxes, insurance, or any changes in interest rates.
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