Consider a Stop-and-Wait protocol. Assume constant delays for all transmissions and the same delay for packets sent and ACKs sent. Assume no errors occur during transmission.
(a) Suppose that the timeout value is set to 1/2 of what is required to receive an acknowledgement, from the time a packet is sent. Give the complete sequence of frame exchanges when the sender has 3 frames to send to the receiver.
(b) Suppose that the timeout value is sent to 2 times the round trip time. Give the sequence of frame exchanges when 3 frames are sent but the first frame is lost.

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

question a) answer:

At the moment when it sends the package, then it has a waiting time for the acknowledgement from the receiver, however, the time will be split in two when the frameset size becomes two, meaning that two packages have been sent together, causing the receiver to acknowledge only one package.

question b) answer:

The timeout is equal to two times.

In cases when the frame size is 3, the frame will be lost since the timeout turns to be 2 times. Because the sender has to wait for the acknowledgement, therefore it will send other of the parcels.


Related Questions

My Mac is stuck on this screen? How to fix?

Answers

Answer:

Press and hold the power button for up to 10 seconds, until your Mac turns off. If that doesn't work, try using a cellular device to contact Apple Support.

Explanation:

If that also doesn't work try click the following keys altogether:

(press Command-Control-Eject on your keyboard)

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

This makes the laptop (macOS) instruct to restart immediately.

Hopefully this helps! If you need any additional help, feel free and don't hesitate to comment here or private message me!. Have a nice day/night! :))))

Another Tip:

(Press the shift, control, and option keys at the same time. While you are pressing those keys, also hold the power button along with that.)

(For at least 10 seconds)

describe how to get started on a formal business document by using word processing software

Answers

Answer:Click the Microsoft Office button.

Select New. The New Document dialog box appears.

Select Blank document under the Blank and recent section. It will be highlighted by default.

Click Create. A new blank document appears in the Word window.

Explanation:

Given four values representing counts of quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies, output the total amount as dollars and cents. Output each floating-point value with two digits after the decimal point, which can be achieved as follows: System.out.printf("Amount: $%.2f\n", dollars); Ex: If the input is: 4 3 2 1 where 4 is the number of quarters, 3 is the number of dimes, 2 is the number of nickels, and 1 is the number of pennies, the output is: Amount: $1.41 For simplicity, assume input is non-negative.
LAB ACTIVITY 2.32.1: LAB: Convert to dollars 0/10 LabProgram.java Load default template. 1 import java.util.Scanner; 2 3 public class LabProgram 4 public static void main(String[] args) { 5 Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in); 6 7 /* Type your code here. */|| 8 9) Develop mode Submit mode Run your program as often as you'd like, before submitting for grading. Below, type any needed input values in the first box, then click Run program and observe the program's output in the second box Enter program input (optional) If your code requires input values, provide them here. Run program Input (from above) 1 LabProgram.java (Your program) Output (shown below) Program output displayed here

Answers

Answer:

The corrected program is:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LabProgram{

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);

int qtr, dime, nickel, penny;

double dollars;

System.out.print("Quarters: ");

qtr =scnr.nextInt();

System.out.print("Dimes: ");

dime = scnr.nextInt();

System.out.print("Nickel: ");

nickel = scnr.nextInt();

System.out.print("Penny: ");

penny = scnr.nextInt();

dollars = qtr * 0.25 + dime * 0.1 + nickel * 0.05 + penny * 0.01;

System.out.printf("Amount: $%.2f\n", dollars);

System.out.print((dollars * 100)+" cents");

}

}

Explanation:

I've added the full program as an attachment where I used comments as explanation

In a system where Round Robin is used for CPU scheduling, the following is TRUE when a process cannot finish its computation during its current time quantum? The process will terminate itself. The process will be terminated by the operating system. The process's state will be changed from running to blocked. None of the mentioned.

Answers

Answer:

B. The process will be terminated by the operating system.

Explanation:

When Round Robin is used for CPU scheduling, a time scheduler which is a component of the operating system is used in regulating the operation. A time limit is set for each of the processes to be run.

So, when a process fails to complete running before its time elapses, the time scheduler would log it off and return it to the queue. This queue is in a circular form and gives each of the processes a chance to run its course.

Based on the information given regarding CPU scheduling, the correct option is C. The process's state will be changed from running to blocked.

It should be noted that in a system where Round Robin is used for CPU scheduling, when a process cannot finish its computation during its current time quantum, the process's state will be changed from running to blocked.

It should be noted that a prices transition to a blocked state occurs when it's waiting for some events like a particular resource becoming available.

Learn more about CPU scheduling on:

https://brainly.com/question/19999569

If the propagation delay through a full-adder (FA) is 150 nsec, what is the total propagation delay in nsec of an 8-bit ripple-carry adder

Answers

Answer:

270 nsec

Explanation:

Ripple-carry adder is a combination of multiple full-adders. It is relatively slow as each full-adder waits for the output of a previous full-adder for its input.

Formula to calculate the delay of a ripple-carry adder is;

  = 2( n + 1 ) x D

delay in a full-adder = 150 nsec.

number of full-adders = number of ripple-carry bits = 8

 = 2 ( 8 + 1 ) x 150

 = 18 x 150

 = 270 nsec

Jason works as a financial investment advisor. He collects financial data from clients, processes the data online to calculate the risks associated with future investment decisions, and offers his clients real-time information immediately. Which type of data processing is Jason following in the transaction processing system?

A.
online decision support system
B.
online transaction processing
C.
online office support processing
D.
online batch processing
E.
online executive processing

Answers

Answer:

The answer to this question is given below in the explanation section.

Explanation:

The correct answer to this question is an online decision support system. Because the decision support systems process the data, evaluate and predict the decision, and helps the decision-makers,  and offer real-time information immediately in making the decision in an organization. So the correct answer to this question is the decision supports system.

Why other options are not correct

Because the transaction processing system can only process the transaction and have not the capability to make the decision for the future. Office support processing system support office work, while the batch processing system process the task into the batch without user involvement.   however, online executive processing does not make decisions and offer timely information to decision-makers in an organization.

Answer: the answer is A.

Explanation: He has to listen to what the people tell him and think about the information he has and make a choice on what to reply with.

Plz answer me will mark as brainliest ​

Answers

1 plus 1 is too and three to four is 111

A pedometer treats walking 2,000 steps as walking 1 mile. Write a program whose input is the number of steps, and whose output is the miles walked. If the input is 5345, the output is 2.6725.

Answers

In python:

print(steps_walked / 2000)

Which of the following is NOT a period of the Middle Ages?
Early Middle Ages
O Late Middle Ages
O High Middle Ages
O New Middle Ages
allowing is NOT an artifact of the Information Age?

Answers

High middle ages is the answer

The one that is not a period of the Middle Ages is the High Middle Ages. The correct option is c.

What are different ages?

The Middle Ages, which roughly correspond to the years 500 to 1400–1500 BCE, is the term used to describe this time of European history. The phrase was initially used by academics in the 15th century to refer to the time frame between their own era and the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire.

The period between the fall of Imperial Rome and the start of Early Modern Europe is referred to as the “Middle Ages” for this reason. The reason the Middle Ages are known as the Dark Ages is that life was hard and brief in Europe, and contrasted with the orderliness of classical antiquity.

The time period in European history from roughly 500 AD to 1500 AD. This time period's early years are commonly referred to as the Dark Ages.

Therefore, the correct option is c, High Middle Ages.

To learn more about the middle ages, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/26586178

#SPJ6

Secondary sources
information gathered from primary sources.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is interpret Proof is down below

Explanation:

Here is the proooooooffffffff i made a 90 but this one was right

Secondary sources interpret information gathered from primary sources.

What are Secondary sources of information?

A secondary source is known to be made up of discussion that is often based on a primary information source.

Hence, the feature of secondary sources are known to give some kind of interpretation to all the information that has been gathered from other primary sources.

Learn more about Secondary sources from

https://brainly.com/question/896456

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The Gas-N-Clean Service Station sells gasoline and has a car wash. Fees for the car wash are $1.25 with a gasoline purchase of $10.00 or more and $3.00 otherwise. Three kinds of gasoline are available: regular at $2.89, plus at $3.09, and super at $3.39 per gallon. User Request:
Write a program that prints a statement for a customer. Analysis:
Input consists of number of gallons purchased (R, P, S, or N for no purchase), and car wash desired (Y or N). Gasoline price should be program defined constant. Sample output for these data is
Enter number of gallons and press 9.7
Enter gas type (R, P, S, or N) and press R
Enter Y or N for car wash and press Y
**************************************
* *
* *
* Gas-N-Clean Service Station *
* *
* March 2, 2004 *
* * ************************************** Amount Gasoline purchases 9.7 Gallons Price pre gallons $ 2.89 Total gasoline cost $ 28.03 Car wash cost $ 1.25 Total due $ 29.28 Thank you for stopping Pleas come again Remember to buckle up and drive safely

Answers

Answer:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main

{

public static void main(String[] args) {

              //print the header

              System.out.println("**************************************");

              System.out.println("*                                    *");

              System.out.println("*                                    *");

              System.out.println("*   Gas-N-Clean Service Station      *");

              System.out.println("*                                    *");

              System.out.println("*   March 2, 2004                    *");

              System.out.println("*                                    *");

              System.out.println("**************************************");

 

               //set the constant values for gasoline

               final double REGULAR_GASOLINE = 2.89;

               final double PLUS_GASOLINE = 3.09;

               final double SUPER_GASOLINE = 3.39;

 

              // initialize the variables as 0

              double gasolinePrice = 0, gasolineCost = 0, carWashCost = 0, totalCost = 0;

 

               Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

 

               //ask the user to enter the gallons, gas type and car wash choice

               System.out.print("Enter number of gallons ");

               double gasolinePurchase = input.nextDouble();

               System.out.print("Enter gas type (R, P, S, or N) ");

               char gasType = input.next().charAt(0);

               System.out.print("Enter Y or N for car wash ");

               char carWashChoice = input.next().charAt(0);

               //check the gas type. Depending on the choice set the gasolinePrice from the corresponding constant value

              if(gasType == 'R')

                  gasolinePrice = REGULAR_GASOLINE;

              else if(gasType == 'P')

                  gasolinePrice = PLUS_GASOLINE;

              else if(gasType == 'S')

                  gasolinePrice = SUPER_GASOLINE;

 

                //calculate the gasolineCost

                gasolineCost = gasolinePurchase * gasolinePrice;

 

               //check the carWashChoice. If it is yes and gasolineCost is greater than 10, set the carWashCost as 1.25. Otherwise, set the carWashCost as 3.00

               if(carWashChoice == 'Y'){    

                   if(gasolineCost >= 10)

                       carWashCost = 1.25;

                   else

                       carWashCost = 3.00;

               }

              //calculate the total cost, add gasolineCost and carWashCost

              totalCost = gasolineCost + carWashCost;

 

               //print the values in required format

              System.out.println("Amount Gasoline purchases " + gasolinePurchase);

              System.out.println("Gallons Price per gallons $ " + gasolinePrice);

              System.out.printf("Total gasoline cost $ %.2f\n", gasolineCost);

              System.out.println("Car wash cost $ " + carWashCost);

              System.out.printf("Total due $ %.2f\n", totalCost);

               System.out.println("Thank you for stopping\nPlease come again \nRemember to buckle up and drive safely");

}  

}

Explanation:

*The code is in Java.

Please see the comments in the code for explanation


A____server translates back and forth between domain names and IP addresses.
O wWeb
O email
O mesh
O DNS

Answers

Answer:

DNS

Explanation:

Hope this helps

DNS I thin hope that helps

Which feature of a database allows a user to locate a specific record using keywords?

Chart
Filter
Search
Sort

Answers

Answer:

Search

Explanation:

Because you are searching up a specific recording using keywords.

I hope this helps

Answer:

Filter

Explanation:

I got it correct for a quiz.

Read the following code:


x = 1

while(x < 26)

print(x)

x = x + 1


There is an error in the while loop. What should be fixed?


1. Add a colon to the end of the statement

2. Begin the statement with the keyword count

3. Change the parentheses around the test condition to quotation marks

4. Use quotation marks around the relational operator

Answers

This is python code.

In python, you are supposed to put a colon at the end of while loops. This code does not have a colon after the while loop, therefore, you need to add a colon to the end of the statement.

The error to be fixed in the while loop is to add a colon at the end of the while statements.

x = 1

while (x<26)

     print(x)

     x = x + 1

This is the right code;

x = 1

while(x < 26):

   print(x)

   x = x + 1

The actual code , the while statement is missing a colon at the end of it.

The code is written in python. In python while or for loops statements always ends with a colon.

In the error code, there was no colon at the end of the while loop.

The right codes which I have written will print the value 1 to 25.

learn more on python loop here: https://brainly.com/question/19129298?referrer=searchResults

A have a string, called "joshs_diary", that is huge (there was a lot of drama in middle school). But I don't want every one to know that this string is my diary. However, I also don't want to make copies of it (because my computer doesn't have enough memory). Which of the following lines will let me access this string via a new name, but without making any copies?

a. std::string book = joshs_diary;
b. std::string & book = joshs_diary; const
c. std::string * book = &joshs_diary;
d. std::string book(joshs_diary);
e. const std::string & book = joshs_diary;
f. const std::string * const book = &joshs_diary;
g. std::string * book = &joshs_diary;

Answers

Answer:

C and G

Explanation:

In C language, the asterisks, ' * ', and the ampersand, ' & ', are used to create pointers and references to pointers respectively. The asterisks are used with unique identifiers to declare a pointer to a variable location in memory, while the ampersand is always placed before a variable name as an r_value to the pointer declared.

The fraction 460/7 is closest to which of the following whole numbers?

Answers

I don’t see any of “the following numbers”

Jason works as a financial investment advisor. He collects financial data from clients, processes the data online to calculate the risks associated with future investment decisions, and offers his clients real-time information immediately. Which type of data processing is Jason following in the transaction processing system?

A.
online decision support system
B.
online transaction processing
C.
online office support processing
D.
online batch processing
E.
online executive processing

Answers

I believe the answer is A. because he has to listen to what the people tell him and he information he has to think about and make a choice on what to reply with.

I hope this helps and its correct please let me know if its wrong have a great day//night.

The Beaufort Wind Scale is used to characterize the strength of winds. The scale uses integer values and goes from a force of 0, which is no wind, up to 12, which is a hurricane. The following script first generates a random force value. Then, it prints a message regarding what type of wind that force represents, using a switch statement. If random number generated is 0, then print "there is no wind", if 1 to 6 then print "this is a breeze", if 7 to 9 "this is a gale", if 10 to 11 print "this is a storm", if 12 print "this is a hurricane!". (Hint: use range or multiple values in case statements like case {1,2,3,4,5,6})

Required:
Re-write this switch statement as one nested if-else statement that accomplishes exactly the same thing. You may use else and/or elseif clauses.

ranforce = randi([0, 12]);
switch ranforce
case 0
disp('There is no wind')
case {1,2,3,4,5,6}
disp('There is a breeze')
case {7,8,9}
disp('This is a gale')
case {10,11}
disp('It is a storm')
case 12
disp('Hello, Hurricane!')
end

Answers

Answer:

The equivalent if statements is:

ranforce = randi([0, 12]);

if (ranforce == 0)

     disp('There is no wind')

else  if(ranforce>0 && ranforce <7)

     disp('There is a breeze')

else  if(ranforce>6 && ranforce <10)

     disp('This is a gale')

else  if(ranforce>9 && ranforce <12)

     disp('It is a storm')

else  if(ranforce==12)

     disp('Hello, Hurricane!')

end

Explanation:

The solution is straight forward.

All you need to do is to replace the case statements with corresponding if or else if statements as shown in the answer section

Write code that prints: Ready! numVal ... 2 1 Start! Your code should contain a for loop. Print a newline after each number and after each line of text Ex: numVal

Answers

Answer:

Written in Python

numVal = int(input("Input: "))

for i in range(numVal,0,-1):

    print(i)

print("Ready!")

Explanation:

This line prompts user for numVal

numVal = int(input("Input: "))

This line iterates from numVal to 1

for i in range(numVal,0,-1):

This line prints digits in descending order

    print(i)

This line prints the string "Ready!"

print("Ready!")

What is his resolution amount

Answers

I think it’s 92 I mean yh

Write a C program to input basic salary of an employee and calculate gross salary according to given conditions.

Basic Salary <= 10000 : HRA = 20%, DA = 80%
Basic Salary is between 10001 to 20000 : HRA = 25%, DA = 90%
Basic Salary >= 20001 : HRA = 30%, DA = 95%

Your program must calculate each employee's gross pay amount.

Answers

Answer:

Written in C

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

   float salary;

   printf("Salary: ");

   scanf("%f", &salary);

   float HRA, DA;

   if(salary <= 10000){

       HRA = 0.20; DA = 0.80;

   }

   else if(salary >= 10000 && salary <= 20000){

       HRA = 0.25; DA = 0.90;

   }

   else{

       HRA = 0.30; DA = 0.95;

   }

   salary = salary + salary * HRA + salary * DA;

     printf("Gross Salary: %.2f\n", salary);

   return 0;

}

Explanation:

I've added the full program as an attachment where I used comments as explanation

how many basic element makes up a computer system​

Answers

Answer:

4

Explanation:

Input/output, datapath, control, and memory

There wrong its C bold it.

:)))))

1 megabyte is equal to 1024 gigabyte. True/False​

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

1 MB = 0.001 GB

Suppose one machine, A, executes a program with an average CPI of 1.9. Suppose another machine, B (with the same instruction set and an enhanced compiler), executes the same program with 20% less instructions and with a CPI of 1.1 at 800MHz. In order for the two machines to have the same performance, what does the clock rate of the first machine need to be

Answers

Answer:

the clock rate of the first machine need to be 1.7 GHz

Explanation:

Given:

CPI of A = 1.9

CPI of B = 1.1

machine, B executes the same program with 20% less instructions and with a CPI of 1.1 at 800MHz

To find:

In order for the two machines to have the same performance, what does the clock rate of the first machine need to be

Solution:

CPU execution time = Instruction Count * Cycles per Instruction/ clock rate

CPU execution time = (IC * CPI) / clock rate

(IC * CPI) (A) / clock rate(A) =  (IC * CPI)B / clock rate(B)

(IC * 1.9) (A) / clock rate(A) = (IC * (1.1 * (1.0 - 0.20)))(B) / 800 * 10⁶ (B)

Notice that 0.20 is basically from 20% less instructions

(IC * 1.9)  / clock rate = (IC * (1.1 * (1.0 - 0.20))) / 800 * 10⁶

(IC * 1.9)  / clock rate =  (IC*(1.1 * ( 0.8))/800 * 10⁶

(IC * 1.9)  / clock rate =  (IC * 0.88) / 800 * 10⁶

clock rate (A) =  (IC * 1.9) / (IC * 0.88) / 800 * 10⁶

clock rate (A) =  (IC * 1.9) (800 * 10⁶) /  (IC * 0.88)

clock rate (A) = 1.9(800)(1000000)  / 0.88

clock rate (A) =  (1.9)(800000000)  / 0.88

clock rate (A) = 1520000000  / 0.88

clock rate (A) = 1727272727.272727

clock rate (A) = 1.7 GHz

Jake or Peggy Zale must fix quickly the fax.

Answers

Answer:

Sentence: Jack or Peggy Zale must fix quickly the fax.

Correct: Either Jack or Peggy Zale must quickly fix the fax.

There are 2 errors in these sentence construction. In stating two persons as an option we must use the word "either" to indicate that you only have two choose from the two of them. The word "

Explanation:

The correct sentence would be "either Jake or Peggy Zale must quickly fix the fax".

In the question construction, there is a conjunction and misarrangement error.

In conclusion, the word " "either Jake or Peggy Zale must quickly fix the fax" is correct

Read more about conjunction

brainly.com/question/8094735

Write a program that simulates flipping a coin to make decisions. The input is how many decisions are needed, and the output is either heads or tails. Assume the input is a value greater than 0.

Answers

Answer:

import random

decisions = int(input("How many decisions: "))

for i in range(decisions):

   number = random.randint(0, 1)

   if number == 0:

       print("heads")

   else:

       print("tails")

Explanation:

*The code is in Python.

import the random to be able to generate random numbers

Ask the user to enter the number of decisions

Create a for loop that iterates number of decisions times. For each round; generate a number between 0 and 1 using the randint() method. Check the number. If it is equal to 0, print "heads". Otherwise, print "tails"

In Microsoft windows which of the following typically happens by default when I file is double clicked

Answers

Answer:

when a file is double clicked it opens so you can see the file.

Explanation:

Java Eclipse Homework JoggerPro
Over a seven day period, a jogger wants to figure out the average number of miles she runs each day.

Use the following information to create the necessary code. You will need to use a loop in this code.

The following variables will need to be of type “double:”
miles, totalMiles, average

Show a title on the screen for the program.
Ask the user if they want to run the program.
If their answer is a capital or a lowercase letter ‘Y’, do the following:
Set totalMiles to 0.
Do seven times (for loop)
{

Show which day (number) you are on and ask for the number of miles for this day.
Add the miles to the total
}

Show the total number of miles
Calculate the average
Show the average mileage with decimals
Use attractive displays and good spacing.
Save your completed code according to your teacher’s directions.

Answers

import java.util.Scanner;

public class JoggerPro {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

       String days[] = {"Monday?", "Tuesday?", "Wednesday?", "Thursday?","Friday?","Saturday?","Sunday?"};

       System.out.println("Welcome to JoggerPro!");

       Scanner myObj = new Scanner(System.in);

       System.out.println("Do you want to continue?");

       String answer = myObj.nextLine();

       if (answer.toLowerCase().equals("y")){

           double totalMiles = 0;

           for (int i =0; i < 7; i++){

               System.out.println(" ");

               System.out.println("How many miles did you jog on " + days[i]);

               double miles = myObj.nextDouble();

               totalMiles += miles;

           }

           double average = totalMiles / 7;

           System.out.println(" ");

           System.out.println("You ran a total of " + totalMiles+ " for the week.");

           System.out.println(" ");

           System.out.println("The average mileage is " + average);

       }

       

   }

   

}

I'm pretty sure this is what you're looking for. I hope this helps!

Write a program, weeklypay.m, that asks an employee to enter their hourly rate and the number of hours they worked for the week. Then have the program calculate and display their weekly pay. pay

Answers

Answer:

Follows are the code to this question:

def weeklypay(hour_rate,hour ):#defining a method weeklypay that accepts two parameters

   pay=hour_rate* hour#defining variable pay that calculate payable amount

   return pay#return pay value

hour_rate=float(input("Enter your hour rate $: "))#defining variable hour_rate that accepts rate vlue

hour=int(input("Enter total hours: "))#defining hour variable that accepts hour value

print('The total amount you will get $: ',weeklypay(hour_rate,hour))#call method and print return value

Output:

Enter your hour rate $: 300

Enter total hours: 3

The total amount you will get $:  900.0

Explanation:

In the above-given code, a method "weeklypay" is declared, which holds two value "hour_rate and hour" in its parameter, inside a method a "pay" variable is declared, that calculate the total payable amount of the given inputs and return its value.

In the next step, the above variable is used to input the value from the user-end and uses the print method to call the "weeklypay" method and print its return value.

What are the benefits of computer?

Answers

Answer:

online toutoring.

helpful games give mind relaxation.

Increase your productivity. ...
Connects you to the Internet. ...
Can store vast amounts of information and reduce waste. ...
Helps sort, organize, and search through information. ...
Get a better understanding of data. ...
Keeps you connected.
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