Conditions of special concern: i. Suggest two reasons each why distillation columns are run a.) above or b.) below ambient pressure. Be sure to state clearly which explanation is for above and which is for below ambient pressure. ii. Suggest two reasons each why reactors are run at a.) elevated pressures and/or b.) elevated temperatures. Be sure to state clearly which explanation is for elevated pressure and which is for elevated temperature

Answers

Answer 1

Solution :

Methods for selling pressure of a distillation column :

a). Set, [tex]\text{based on the pressure required to condensed}[/tex] the overhead stream using cooling water.

  (minimum of approximate 45°C condenser temperature)

b). Set, [tex]\text{based on highest temperature}[/tex] of bottom product that avoids decomposition or reaction.

c). Set, [tex]\text{based on available highest }[/tex] not utility for reboiler.

Running the distillation column above the ambient pressure because :

The components to be distilled have very high vapor pressures and the temperature at which they can be condensed at or below the ambient pressure.

Run the reactor at an evaluated temperature because :

a). The rate of reaction is taster. This results in a small reactor or high phase conversion.

b). The reaction is endothermic and equilibrium limited increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right.

Run the reaction at an evaluated pressure because :

The reaction is gas phase and the concentration and hence the rate is increased as the pressure is increased. This results in a smaller reactor and /or higher reactor conversion.

The reaction is equilibrium limited and there are few products moles than react moles. As increase in pressure shifts the equilibrium to the right.


Related Questions

what would the current through the Load curve look like when the alternating current source S has the following shape Draw the shape of the current vs time curve and assume that the diodes are perfect so that current goes in one direction exclusively without delay or loss

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Answer:

Following are the response to the given question:

Explanation:

In the given question, A curve one would be to "reject" them. Within this way, people are directly non-confrontationally off from their amorous interests or advances. The curve looks much like a current through the unidirectional load, and it has only a good maximum value. It seems like the total rating of the complete wave rectifier that is illustrated below, the present vas temporal curve please find it.

Some General Motors flex fuel vehicles do not use a fuel sensor to measure the percentage of ethanol in the fuel. These vehicles use ________ as a base fuel to calculate the percentage using oxygen sensor readings.

Answers

Gasoline With 1% or less ethanol content


After adding refrigerant to a nonpressurized container used with a system-dependent recovery
device, the pressure of the container will:

Select one:
A. Increase to the saturation point.
B. Remain at 0 psig.
C. Increase in proportion to the amount of refrigerant added.
D. Decrease in proportion to the refrigerant added.

Answers

A because it will always increase

There are different aspect to system-dependent recovery equipment. The  pressure of the container will Increase to the saturation point.

 

System-dependent is known to be a passive recovery system. It is known as  the recovery of refrigerant from a system by using the refrigeration system's internal pressure and/or compressor so as to simulate the  recovery process.

System-dependent equipment is not used used with appliances that has more than 15 pounds of refrigerant.

When refrigerant pressure  increases, saturation temperature is known to also increases and as pressure decreases, the saturation temperature will also decrease. Saturation is known to have a pressure-temperature relationships for all refrigerants.

Learn more about saturation from

https://brainly.com/question/4529762

A wastewater treatment plant treats 20 MGD of wastewater containing 950 mg/L of suspended solids in a primary clarifier that has a 20% suspended solids removal efficiency. The rate of sludge collection, the flow rate out the bottom of the clarifier, is 0.08 MGD.
a) What is the solids concentration (in mg/L) in the sludge leaving the clarifier?
b) What mass of solids (in kg/y) is removed annually by the primary clarifier?

Answers

Answer:

a) 47500 mg/L

b) 5250366.444  kg/year

Explanation:

Given data:

suspended solids removal efficiency = 20%

Flowrate in the primary clarifier ( Q ) = 20 MGD ( change to Liters/day

Q = 20* 10^6 * 3.785412  Liters /day

settled concentration  ( St ) = 950mg/L * 0.2 = 190 mg/L

amount of settled solid = Q * St

                                   = ( 20* 10^6 * 3.785412 ) * 190  = 14384.5656 kg/day

∴ Amount going into sludge with a flowrate of 0.08 MGD = 14384.5656 kg/day

a) concentration of solid in sludge  ( leaving the clarifier )

= amount of settled solid / flow rate out of the clarifier in liters/day

= 14384.5656 / ( 0.08 * 10^6 * 3.785412 )

= 0.0475 kg/L

= 47500 mg/L

b) Determine mass of solids that is removed annually

= 14384.5656 kg/day * 365 days

= 5250366.444  kg/year

3. Which of these instruments is used to measure wind speed? A. anemometer C. wind sock B. thermometer D. wind vane It is an instrument that can show both the wind speed and direction. A. Anemometer C. Wind sock B. thermometer D. wind vane 4. 5. At what time does air temperature changes? A. from time to time C. in the evening only B. in the afternoon only D. in the morning only​

Answers

Answer:

wind vane if it can be used to show wind speed and the other is a

Explanation:

please mark 5 star if im right and brainly when ya can

The answer to the question mark the park in a

Answers

The correct answer is that being a

A 2*8 inches wood member has a length =11 ft it's density is =30 Lb/ft^3 find the actual weight of this member in Lb

Answers

Answer:

359.046 Ib

Explanation:

density = m / v ---- ( 1 )

m = mass

v = volume = l * b * h

Given data :

density = 30 Ib / ft^3

l = 2 inches = 0.1667 ft

b = 8 inches = 0.6667 ft

h = 11 ft

v ( volume ) = 0.1667 * 0.6667 * 11 = 1.22 ft^3

back to equation 1

m = 30 * 1.22  = 36.6 Ib

Actual weight ( F ) = m * g

                              = 36.6 * 9.81 = 359.046 Ib.

vertical gate in an irrigation canal holds back 12.2 m of water. Find the average force on the gate if its width is 3.60 m. Report your answer with proper units and 3 sig figs.

Answers

Answer:

The right solution is "2625 kN".

Explanation:

According to the question,

The average pressure will be:

= [tex]density\times g\times \frac{h}{2}[/tex]

By putting values, we get

= [tex]1000\times 9.8\times \frac{12.2}{2}[/tex]

= [tex]1000\times 9.8\times 6.1[/tex]

= [tex]59780[/tex]

hence,

The average force will be:

= [tex]Pressure\times Area[/tex]

= [tex]59780\times 3.6\times 12.2[/tex]

= [tex]2625537 \ N[/tex]

Or,

= [tex]2625 \ kN[/tex]

Find at the terminals of the circuit

Answers

Is there a picture for this orrrrr-...?

7. The binary addition 1 + 1 + 1 gives ​

Answers

11 [2-bit]

011 [3-bit]

0011 [4-bit]

________

1 + 1 + 1 = 3

________

3 = 2 + 1

2¹ 2⁰

3 = (.. × 0) + (2¹ × 1) + (2⁰ × 1)

3 = ..011

Since 2³, 2⁴, 2⁵, .. are not used, they are represented as 0.

[ 2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰ ]

[ 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 ]

1+1+1=3 should be the answer right?

A spring having a stiffness k is compressed a distance δ. The stored energy in the spring is used to drive a machine which requires power P. Determine how long the spring can supply energy at the required rate.

Units Used: kN = 103 N

Given: k = 5 kN/m; δ = 400 mm; P = 90 W

Answers

Answer:

30w

Explanation:

Explain the advantages of using register indirect addressing mode over direct addressing mode with an 8051 assembly code. Also provide an example where it is inefficient to code using register indirect addressing mode.

Answers

Explanation: Register indirect addressing mode is useful if a series of data is to be assigned to that address, with the help of this quality the number of instructions decreases as a result of which performance increases.

Hot combustion gases, modeled as air behaving as an ideal gas, enter a steady-state turbine at 145 psi, 2700oR, and exit at 29 psi and 1974oR. The power output is 74.26 hp, and heat transfer from the turbine to the surroundings occurs at a rate of 14 BTU/s.

Required:
Determine the power output of the turbine, in hp.

Answers

Hot combustion gases, modeled as air behaving as an ideal gas, enter a steady-state turbine at 145 psi, 2700oR, and exit at 29 psi and 1974oR. The power output is 74.26 hp, and heat transfer from the turbine to the surroundings occurs at a rate of 14 BTU/s.

Required:

a)Determine the power output of the turbine, in hp.

b) The Flow rate

Answer:

a) [tex]w=74.26hp[/tex]

b) [tex]m=0.22[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Initial Pressure [tex]p_1= 145 psi[/tex]

Initial Temperature [tex]T_1 =2700oR=>2240.33^oF[/tex]

Final Pressure [tex]p_2= 29 psi[/tex]

Final Temperature [tex]t_2=1974oR=>1514.33^oF[/tex]

Output Power [tex]w=74.26hp[/tex]

Heat transfer Rate [tex]Q=14BTU/s[/tex]

Generally the equation for Steady flow energy is mathematically given by

 [tex]Q-w=m(h_2-h_1)[/tex]

Where

 [tex]m=Flow\ rate[/tex]

From Steam table

 [tex]h_1=704btu/ib (at\ p_1= 145\ psi,\ T_1 =2700oR=>2240.33^oF )[/tex]

 [tex]h_2=401btu/ib (at\ p_2= 29psi\ t_2=1974oR=>1514.33^oF )[/tex]

Therefore

 [tex]-14-74.26=m(401-704)[/tex]

 [tex]m=\frac{-14-74.26}{(401-704)}[/tex]

 [tex]m=0.22[/tex]

HELP PLEASE!!!!
The question is up and the answer is down but i don't know what should i write mr want the answer as a paragraph HELPPOP

Answers

Answer:

DESCULPA MAS EU NÃO ENTENDI

La fuerza necesaria para girar los birlos de una llanta es de 40 N, si se tiene una cruceta de 0.5m. ¿Cuál es el torque del birlo?

Answers

To Find :

The torque of the stud.

Solution :

We know, torque can be calculated by force and distance between the center and force applied.

So,

[tex]\tau = F\times R\\\\\tau = 40 \times 0.5 \ N .\ m\\\\\tau = 20 \ N .\ m[/tex]

Therefore, the torque on the stud is 20 N m .

A steel plate of width 120mm and thickness of 20mm is bent into a circular arc radius of 10. You are required to calculate the maximum stress induced and the bending moment which will give the maximum stress. You are given that E=2*10^5​

Answers

Answer:

Hence the magnitude of the pure moment m will be [tex]2\times 10^5.[/tex]

Explanation:

 Width of steel fleet = 120 mm   The thickness of steel fleet = 10 mm   Let the circle of radius = 10 m  

Now,

We know that,

[tex]\frac{M}{I} = \frac{E}{R}[/tex]

Thus, [tex]M =\frac{EI}{R}[/tex]

Here

R = 10000 mm  

[tex]I=\frac{1}{12}\times 120\times 10^{3}\\= 10^{4} mm^{4}[/tex]

[tex]E=2\times 10^{5}n/mm^{2}\\\\E=2\times 10^{5}n/mm^{2}\\\\M={(2\times 10^{5}\times 10^{4})/{10000}}\\\\M=2\times 10^{5}[/tex]

 

Hence, the magnitude of the pure moment m will be [tex]2\times 10^5.[/tex]

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