By adding missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows, the mechanism for the given reaction is depicted in the attached image.
Mechanism of Organic Reaction An organic reaction mechanism is typically represented by the overall reaction type (which can be substitution, addition, elimination, oxidation, reduction, or rearrangement), the presence of any reactive intermediates, the nature of the initiating reagent, the presence of any catalysis facilitated by a catalyst, and, finally, its stereochemistry.
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Identify the balanced nuclear equation for the overall decay of cobalt-60 resulting in beta and gamma emission after the two-step process.
the balanced nuclear equation for the overall decay of cobalt-60 resulting in beta and gamma emission after the two-step process. is the chemical equation of 60_27Co->60_28Ni+0_-1e+0_Oy
Chemical equations are symbols and chemical formulas that depict a chemical reaction symbolically. With a plus sign separating the entities in both the reactants and the products and an arrow pointing in the direction of the products to indicate the direction of the reaction, the reactant entities are given on the left and the product entities on the right. Chemical formulas can be mixed, structural (represented by pictures), or both. The absolute values of the stoichiometric numbers are shown as coefficients next to the symbols and formulas of the various entities. Jean Beguin drew the first chemical equation in 1615.
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A sample of 6.81 moles of cesium fluoride is
reacted with 8.23 moles of xenon hexafluoride
to produce cesium xenon heptafluoride. Using
the balanced equation below, calculate the
maximum amount in moles of cesium xenon
heptafluoride that can be produced.
CsF+XeF6- CsXeF7
Answer:
6.91 moles cesium xenon heptafluoride
Explanation:
The balanced equation
CsF + XeF6 = CsXeF7
tells us that we should expect 1 mole of cesium xenonheptafluoride (CsXeF7) for every 1 mole of cesium fluoride consumed, a molar ratio of 1:1. It also says we will use 1 mole of xenon hexafluoride, XeF6, for each mole of cesium fluoride.
The 6.91 moles of CsF will therefore require 6.91 moles of XeF6 to completely react. We are in luck, since there are 8.23 moles of XeF6, more than enough to react with all the CsF. In fact, there should be (8.23 moles - 6.91 moles =) 1.32 moles of XeF6 left over, unreacted. CsF is the "limiting reagent:" the reaction will stop once it is consumed. We can assume that all of the CsF will react, so that will result in the same number of moles of CsXeF7 produced, since the molar ratio of the two is 1:1 reactant/product.
suppose you burn a 2.4 g sample of potato chips. you use the heat given off from that process to heat 29.8 g of water from 16.9 oc to 20.5 oc. what is the caloric value (in kcal/g) of the potato chips? type answer:
Heat absorbed by water is calculated as follows: 34.3 g x 5.4 oC x 1.00 calorie/g oC = 185.22 cal ( 0.18522 Kcals) Kcal/gram of potato chips = 0.18522/2.4 g, or 0.077 Kcal/g, is the unit of measurement for the caloric content of potato chips.
What do we refer to as caloric?The self-repellent fluid known as caloric, which moves from hotter to colder bodies, is the basis of the debunked scientific hypothesis known as the caloric theory of heat. In addition, it was believed that caloric could enter and exit liquids and solids by way of their pores.
Why is it called extremely caloric?Supplement. Foods abundant in protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, and minerals make up the high-calorie diet kind of diet. There might be between 4,000 and 5,000 calories consumed daily on this kind of diet.
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a sample of nitrogen at 20oc in a volume of 875 ml has a pressure of 730 mm hg. what will be its pressure at 20oc if the volume is changed to 955 ml?
0.0014 atm is the pressure of nitrogen at 20 °C and 730 mm Hg initial pressure when its volume increases from 875 ml to 955 ml
The mass of the gas remains constantSince the mass of the gas is maintained during the change in volume, the number of moles with the initial volume must first be calculated.
To calculate the moles of gas, the ideal gas equation is used:
PV = nrt
where
P = Pressure
V=Volume
n = moles
T = temperature
R = gas constant
It is cleared n:
n = PV/Rt
Calculation of moles of gasn = PV/Rt
Data
P = 730 mmHg = 0.96 atm
V = 875ml = 0.875L
n = ?
T = 20°C = 293.15K
R = 0.082 L atm/mol °K
n = PV/Rt
n = 0.96. 0.875 / 0.082. 293.15
n = 0.84 / 24.03
n = 0.035 moles
Gas pressure calculation after volume changeKnowing the moles of nitrogen, the new pressure of the gas is calculated after changing its volume.
Data
P = ?
V = 955ml = 0.955L
n = 0.035 moles
T = 20°C = 293.15K
R = 0.082 L atm/mol °K
P = nRt/V
P = 0.035. 0.955 / 0.082. 293.15
P = 0.033 / 24.03
P = 0.0014 atm
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when an exothermic reaction is carried out in a coffee-cup calorimeter, what statement is correct? a. qwater is negative. b. the enthalpy of the products is lower than that of the reactants. c. the temperature of the water decreases. d. the enthalpy change for the reaction is positive. e. the reaction absorbs heat from the water.
The correct statement about an exothermic reaction carried out in a coffee-cup calorimeter is that the enthalpy of the products is lower than that of the reactants. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Exothermic reaction is a term that means the heat will be released during the reaction, making the environment warmer. In a coffee-cup calorimeter, the heat increases the temperature of coffee contents, which includes water.
In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy of the product will be lower than that of reactants (B is correct).
During the reaction, heat is released so the water temperature will increase (C and E are incorrect).
Since the enthalpy of the product is lower, the enthalpy change will be negative (D is incorrect).
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how many electrons does each sphere contain? (the atomic mass of aluminum is 26.982g/mol26.982g/mol , and its atomic number is 1313 .)
72.8 x 10²³ electrons each sphere contain.
How to solve ?m = mass of each aluminium sphere = 0.0250 kg = 0.0250 x 1000 g 25g
M = atomic mass = 26.982 g/mol
n = number of moles
Number of moles is given as
n = m/M
n = 25/26.982
n = 0.93
N₀ = Avogadro's number = 6.023 x 10²³
N = number of atoms
Number of atoms is given as
N = n N₀
N = (0.93) (6.023 x 10²³) = 5.6 x 10²³ atoms
= number of electrons per atom = 13
= total number of electrons
Total number of electrons are given as
= N
= (13) (5.6 x 10²³)
= 72.8 x 10²³ electrons
What is charge electron ?The mass of an electron is roughly 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton, and it has an electric charge of 1. The letter e is typically used to represent electron charge. It is a fundamental physical constant that is used to express the 1.602 10-19 coulomb, which is the unit of naturally occurring electric charge.
Do electrons have a charge?Negative charge characterizes electrons. Proton and electron charges have exactly the same size but in the opposite direction. There is no charge on a neutron. Protons and electrons are drawn to one another because their charges are in opposition.
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The increase in energy when tetrahedral bond angles deviate from the optimum angle of 109.5 degree is known as _________ strain. Steric
Axial
Torsional
cycloalkanes
equatorial
lower
alkanes
angle
ring flip
The increase in energy when tetrahedral bond angles deviate from the optimum angle of 109.5 degree is known as angle strain.
In cycloalkanes, the carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized, which would imply an ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5 degree whenever possible. cycloalkanes look like shapes such as a triangle, square, tetrahedral. all the rings are in a flat or planar shape. Bayer Theory suggests that the difference between the ideal bond angle (which is 109.5° for sp3 carbon) and the angle in the planer cycloalkane causes the strain, which is called angle strain. According to the Bayer Theory, cyclopentane would be the most stable because its bond angle, 108°, is closest to the ideal angle of 109.5°. Cyclopropane would be the least stable one since it has the largest angle deviation of 49.5° (60° vs 109.5°). It was also predicted that cyclohexane would be less stable than cyclopentane because of the larger angle deviation (10.5° deviation for cyclohexane vs 1.5° for cyclopentane), and as the number of sides in the cycloalkanes increases beyond six, the stability decreases.
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A
solution of NaOH contains.
11.6 grams of solute to 150cm³ of
solution. What is the molarity
of
the solution?
Answer:
1.93 molar, or M
Explanation:
By definition, molarity is defined as moles/liter. A 0.5 molar (or M) solution will have 0.5 moles of solute per 1.0 liter. To answer this question, first calculate how many moles of NaOH there are in 11.6 grams of the compound. We'll need the miolar mass of NaOH, which is 40 grams/mole. This is found by adding the atomic masses of each atom in the compound:
Na: 23
O: 16
H: 1
Total: 40 g/mole
The moles of NaOH is found by dividing the mass by the molar mass:
(11.6 grams NaOH)/(40 g/mole NaOH) = 0.29 moles NaOH
0.29 moles NaOH is contained in 15cm^3 of solution. Convert 15cm^3 into liters (L):
(15 cm^3)*(1 ml/cm^3)*(1 liter/1000 ml) = 0.015 liters
cm^3 and ml both cancel with these conversion factors, leaving only liters, L.
The solution consists of 0.29 moles of NaOH in 0.15L. It's concentration is therefore:
(0.29 moles)/(0.015L) = 1.93 molar, or M
calculate the density of 5.00kg and 105.00L
If 60 g of a radioactive substance naturally decays to 15 g after 16 hours, what is the half-life of the radioisotope?.
The half-life of a radioisotope is 8 hours if 60 g of such a radioactive substance spontaneously degrades to 15 g after 16 hours.
What sort of substance is a radioisotope?Uranium is the most well-known illustration of a naturally occurring radioisotope. The only other form of naturally occurring uranium , uranium, which has three less electrons in its atom and is less permanent or radioactive, makes up the remaining 0.7%.
What are the uses of radioisotopes?Utilized in investigations on the survival of red blood cells. used to sterilize medical equipment and to increase the dependability and safety of commercial fuel oil burners. used in radiography, food radiation, gauges, and treatment for cancer.
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If a sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, MM = 98.09 g/mol) solution is completely neutralized with 61.37 mL of the NaOH solution above what was the mass in grams of sulfuric acid in the solution. Remember, you need a balanced chemical reaction for stoichiometry. (do not forget about SF)
The mass of the reacted sulfuric acid in solution is 3.01 g.
What is a reaction?The reaction that we have here involves the combination of an acid and a base and result of such a reaction is that we would have salt and water as the products.
From the equation of the reaction;
2 NaOH (aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) ----> Na₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 H₂O (l)
We can see that the mole ratio of the reaction is 2:1
Number of moles of sodium hydroxide = concentration * volume in liters
If the concentration of the NaOH solution is 1.0 M
Moles of NaOH reacted = 1.0 * 61.37 mL * 1 L / 1000 mL
= 0.06137 moles
Moles of H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0614 / 2
= 0.0307 moles
Mass of H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0307 * 98.09
= 3.01 g
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an ideal gas has a density of 1.38×10−6 g/cm3 at 1.00 × 10 −3 atm and 80.0 ∘c . identify the gas. an ideal gas has a density of 1.38×10−6 at 1.0010 and 80.0 . identify the gas. argon chlorine neon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
The calculated mass shows that the given mass is oxygen.
calculation:-
P=m/v by arranging the equation we get
R =0.082atm/mol/k
Mm=pRT/P = [(1.10 x10^-6 x1000g/l) xo.082
atm/mol/k x(80+273] /(1.00 x10^-3) = 31.84 to the nearest ten is 32.
The ideal gas density depends on the molecular weight temperature and pressure of the system. Density is an important parameter in heat and mass transfer calculations. It is also used to derive many important dimensionless numbers such as the Reynolds number and the Peclet number.
Real gases approach ideal gas behavior at relatively low densities low pressures, and high temperatures. At high temperatures, the gas molecules have enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces, but at low temperatures, the gas has less kinetic energy, so the intermolecular forces are more pronounced.
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A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a _____ shape with a bond angle of _____ degrees.
A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a Linear shape with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
The geometry surrounding a central atom that is joined to two additional atoms (or ligands) at a bond angle of 180° is known as the linear molecular geometry in chemistry. When describing linear organic compounds with carbon centers, such as acetylene (HCCH), sp orbital hybridization is frequently used.
Linear geometry occurs at central atoms with two linked atoms and zero to three lone pairs (AX2 or AX2E3) in the AXE nomenclature, according to the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) hypothesis. Beryllium fluoride (FBeF) has two single bonds, carbon dioxide (O=C=O) has two double bonds, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has one single bond and one triple bond, all of which are neutral AX2 molecules.
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Marie anne lavoisier drew illustrations of the equipment she and her husband used in their experiments. Why was this important?.
Marie Anne Lavoisier realized how crucial it was to create drawings of the tools she and her husband employed in their research. In order to impart knowledge, this is crucial.
It is widely acknowledged that Lavoisier's major contributions to chemistry came mostly from his transformation of the field from a qualitative to a quantitative one. The discovery of the function of oxygen in combustion is what made Lavoisier famous. He challenged the phlogiston idea and identified and called the elements oxygen and hydrogen (1778). Lavoisier contributed to the development of the metric system, created the first comprehensive list of elements, and reformed chemical nomenclature. In addition to discovering that matter's mass never changes despite its form or shape, he also anticipated the creation of silicon in 1787. Lavoisier served as the general manager of the Ferme and was a key member of several aristocratic councils
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In the video, the semipermeable membrane separates the two solutions of different concentrations. Watch the video and identify which of the following statements are correct Check all that apply. View Available Hints) The solvent can ideally move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane. Solute particles can move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane. Osmosis occurs when the solvent molecules move from a solution of higher solute concentration to a solution of lower solute concentration A pressure equal to that of the osmotic pressure will result in reverse osmosis. The movement of the solvent particles from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution is known as reverse osmosis.
In the video, the semipermeable membrane separates the two solutions of different concentrations.
B. The solvent can ideally move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane.
D. The movement of the solvent particles from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution is known as reverse osmosis.
Examples of solvents Water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone are a few typical examples of solvents. A substance that can dissolve a certain solute and combine with it to produce a solution is referred to as a "solvent."
Osmosis is the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane to separate two solutions with different solute concentrations. Osmosis is the process by which a solvent is transferred from a solution with a lower solute concentration to one with a greater solute concentration.
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how many milliters of 1.00 m koh should be added to 100 ml of solution containing 10.0 g of histidine hydrochloride (his.hcl fm 191.62) to get a ph of 9.30?.
52.18mL of KOH should be added to 100 mL of solution containing 10.0 g of histidine hydrochloride to get a pH of 9.30.
What is pH?
pH is a measurement of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions in terms of digits. The phrase, which is frequently used in chemistry, biology, and agronomy, converts hydrogen ion concentrations, which typically vary between 1 and 1014 gram-equivalents per liter, into numbers between 0 and 14.
Given:
pH = 9.30
pH = -log [[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]
9.30 = -log [[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]
antilog (-9.30) = [[tex]H^{+}[/tex]]
[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = 5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M
Strong acid (His HCl) + strong base (KOH)
[[tex]H^{+}[/tex]] = [tex]\frac{-M_{B}V_{B}n_{fB} + M_{A}V_{A}n_{fA}}{V_{final}}[/tex]
[tex]M_{B}[/tex] and [tex]M_{A}[/tex]= Molarity
[tex]V_{A}[/tex] and [tex]V_{B}[/tex] = Volume
[tex]n_{fA}[/tex] = n factor for acid
[tex]n_{fB}[/tex] = n factor for KOH
5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M = [tex]\frac{-1 M X V_{B} X 1 + 0.52 X 100 X 1 }{V_{A} + V_{B} }[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{-V_{B} + 52.18 }{100 + V_{B} }[/tex]
[tex]n_{fB}[/tex] = [tex]n_{fn}[/tex] = 1
5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M (100 + [tex]V_{B}[/tex] )= [tex]V_{B} - 52.18[/tex]
5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] + 5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] [tex]V_{B}[/tex] = -[tex]V_{B}[/tex] + 52.18
2.18 - 5.01 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] = 5.01 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] [tex]V_{B}[/tex] + [tex]V_{B}[/tex]
[tex]V_{B}[/tex] = 52.17999 mL ≅ 52.18mL of KOH.
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In general, how can you determine the mass number of the daughter product after alpha decay has taken place? how can you determine the atomic number?.
to determine the mass number of the daughter product after alpha decay has taken place Subtraction of 4 from the parent element yields the mass of the daughter product. Subtraction of 2 from the parent atom yields the atomic number of the daughter product.
Assume X is a parent element with atomic number Z and mass number A; if X decays, we obtain a daughter element Y with atomic number Z1 and mass number A1, as well as an alpha particle with atomic mass 2 and mass number 4. An alpha particle is a doubly ionised Helium atom with atomic number 2 and mass number 4.
Alpha degeneration
X4 → YA¹ + He.
The mass numbers and atomic numbers of a reaction must be balanced on either side of the equation.
→ A=A1+4
Z = Z1+2
As a result, A1 = A-4 and Z1 = Z-2.
As a result, subtracting 4 from the parent element yields the mass of the daughter product.
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an [ select ] reaction is a bimolecular substitution reaction. bimolecular means that two different compounds are important for determine the rate (kinetics), they are the
The acronym S N2 stands for substitution, nucleophilic, and bimolecular, indicating that the rate-determining step involves two molecules. S stands for substitution, N for nucleophilic, and the number two stands for bimolecular.
The solvent in which an SN2 reaction occurs has a sizable impact on the reaction's rate. Protic solvents (those capable of donating hydrogen bonds, like water or alcohol) are used to reduce the power of the nucleophile through vigorous solvation.
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Chlorine has a total of 17 electrons and 7 valence electrons. Why are these two numbers different?.
Chlorine contains a total of 17 electrons which are filled in different orbitals of which 7 electrons are located in the outermost energy level or orbital.
The orbital, or fixed routes or energy levels, used by the electrons to surround the nucleus in an atom are known as orbitals. Electrons are filled in ascending energy level order. Lower energy levels fill up first as a result. The final electrons, known as valence electrons, are filled in the outermost energy levels. There is a set number of electrons that can fit in each shell. Chlorine is the seventeenth element on the periodic table and possesses 17 electrons, seven of which are in the outermost shell.
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a chemist determined by measurements that .0700 moles of barium sulfide participate in a chemical reaction. calculate the mass of barium sulfide that participates. round your answer to 3 signeficant digits
The mass of barium sulfide that participates is 118.57grams.
Is the gas barium sulfide liquid?Barium sulfate is available as a powder to be dissolved in water, a liquid suspension, a paste, and a tablet. The paste and tablet are taken orally, while the powder and water mixture, suspension, and enema (liquid instilled into the rectum) are all administered.
Avogadro's law states that 1 mole of each substance contains 6.023×10²³ Avogadro's number of particles and takes up 22.4 L at STP.
The following equation is used to determine the moles:
Number of moles = given mass/molar mass
Moles of BaSO₄ = 0.700moles
Molar mass of BaSO₄= 169.39 g/mol
Mass = 0.7×169.39
Mass = 118.57grams.
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Balance the following redox reaction if it occurs in acidic solution. What are the coefficients in front of h+ and fe3+ in the balanced reaction?.
The coefficient of in the balanced equation is 8 and coefficient of fe3+ is 5.
What is balance reaction?
balance reaction is a equation where the numbers of atom of each type in the reaction is the same on both reactance and product sides.
To balance a redox reaction in the acidic medium, the number of atoms of all the elements involved in the reaction must be equal for substrates and product.
The reaction given as-
Fe2+MnO4+------>Fe3+ +Mn3+
The change in the oxidation number of the elements on reaction is seen.
Fe changes its oxidation state from +2 +3, change is +1
The oxidation state of Mn changes from +7 +2, change is -5
There is required 5 atoms of Fe for 1 atom of Mn.
With this, the equation can be written as:
The reaction is further balanced with H and O, with formation of .
The coefficient in front of is 8 and that of is 5.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. water is an important part of the biogeochemical cycles on earth. complete the sentences about water. in the water cycle, water from rivers, lakes, and streams, enters the atmosphere through . in the carbon cycle, water exits the pores of leaves in plants by a process known as . in the nitrogen cycle, move nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil.
Water is a daily necessity for human survival. We might be able to go a week without eating, but we couldn't last even three days without drinking. In addition, 70% of our bodies are made of water.
Evaporation is the process through which surface water from lakes, rivers, and oceans turns into water vapor and travels into the atmosphere with a little help from solar energy.
Through the process of transpiration, which involves the evaporation of water from plants largely through the pores in their leaves, plants lose liters of water each day.
The inert form of nitrogen gas is deposited into soils during the nitrogen fixation process from the atmosphere and surface waters, primarily through precipitation.
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the degree to which all clastic sediments in a deposit are the same swize or mass is described by the of the sediment
Sorting indicates the degree to which all clastic sediments in a deposit are the same swize or mass is described by the of the sediment
Sorting involves putting information in a meaningful order so you may evaluate it more efficiently. Water will sink objects that are heavier than it. like an iron nail, etc. Sorting is the process of putting things with comparable characteristics in groups. According to how similar or different their qualities are, the materials can be categorized.
Seawater or lake water is used in mineral deposits. … It is recognized as a chemical sediment due to the fact that the mineral components are carried in solution before precipitating to form a sediment as a result of a chemical reaction.
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how many minutes will it take to plate out 2.19 g of chromium metal from a solution of cr3 using a current of 55.2 amps in an electrolyte cell?
3.69 minutes will be needed to plate the chromium metal in the solution.
The charge transfer amount may be provided by:
q = It
where I is the current, t is the time, and q is the charge transfer
Q can be calculated by:
Moles of Cr = 0.0423 mole; As, moles = 2.19/51.9
Also, there is transfer of 3 electrons, thus, charge transfer will be faraday constant multiplied by 3
Charge transfer = 0.0423 *3* 96500 C
Charge transfer = 12245.85 C
As, q = it
12245.85 = 55.2 * Time
Time = 221.845 sec = 3.69 min
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a 25.0 ml sample of 0.105 m hcl was titrated with 31.5 ml of naoh. what is the concentration of the naoh? group of answer choices 0.075 m 0.105 m 0.132 m 0.0833 m none of the above
A 25.0 ml sample of 0.105 m HCl was titrated with 31.5 ml of NaOH. the concentration of the NaOH is 0.0833 M.
given that :
molarity of HCl, M1 = 0.105 M
volume of HCl V1 = 25 mL
Molarity of NaOH M2 = ?
volume of NaOHV2 = 31.5 mL
by using the titration equation we get :
molarity of HCl × volume of HCl = molarity of NaOH × volume of NaOH
M1 V1 = M2 V2
M2 = (M1 V1 ) / V2
M2 = ( 0.105 × 25 ) / 31.5
M2 = 0.0833 M
The concentration of NaOH = 0.0833 M.
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a solution is prepared by dissolving 50.0 g of sucrose, c12h22o11, in 250. g of water at 25°c. what is the vapor pressure of the solution if the vapor pressure of water at 25°c is 23.76 mm hg?
The vapors pressure of water at 25°c is 23.76 mm hg is 23.51 mmHg.
Moles of the sucrose is mass/molar mass
= 50.0/342.3 = 0.1461 mol
Moles of water = mass/molar mass
= 250/18.02 = 13.87 mol
Mole fraction of water = moles of water/(moles of water + moles of sucrose)
= 13.87/(13.87 + 0.1461) = 0.9896
Vapor pressure of solution = mole fraction of water x vapor pressure of water
= 0.9896 x 23.76 = 23.51 mmHg
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or greater materials. In this sort of mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, called a solvent.
The solution is a homogeneous aggregate of 1 or extra solutes dissolved in a solvent. solvent: the substance in which a solute dissolves to supply a homogeneous aggregate.
The constituent debris of a solution is smaller than 10-9 meters in diameter. Constituent particles of a solution can not be visible to the eye. solutions do no longer scatter a beam of mild passing through it.
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in class we derived the regular solution model for a binary system . the free energy of mixing for the solution model is (expressed per mole):
Answer:
A. Gmir ZuXAXB + RT (XA lnXA + XB ln Xp) Where W = WAB (WAA + WBB) and Z = the coordination number of each atom in the crystal.
Explanation:
Free enthalpy is another name for Gibbs's free energy. The energy associated with a chemical reaction needed to carry out work is known as Gibbs-free energy.
The formula: can be used to compute Gibbs free energy.
ΔG=ΔH-TΔS.
The difference between the reaction's enthalpy and its product of changing temperature and entropy yields the Gibbs free energy.
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what atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between and in acetic acid, ch3cooh ? ( is the second carbon in the structure as written. is the first oxygen in the structure as written.) orbital on orbital on what is the approximate c1-c2-o1 bond angle? angle
An sp2 hybrid orbital from the carbon-1 and the same from the oxygen-1 atoms combine to form the sigma bond between them.
The bond angle is approximately 120°.
The carbon-1 atom is the carbon attached to the two oxygens and the other carbon of the methyl functional group. The oxygen-1 is the carbonyl oxygen that has a double bond to carbon-1. This double bond is made up of one sigma bond and on pi bond. In order for the carbon to be attached to three atoms and be stable requires sp2 hybridization to form single bonds to the three attached atoms leaving one p-orbital available to make the pi-bond part of the double bond. Oxygen also is sp2 hybridized with the other two hybrid orbitals occupied by two pairs of nonbonding electrons. The molecular geometry associated with sp2 hybridization is trigonal planar which is flat triangular in shape with carbon-1 being in the middle. The bond angle formed between carbon-2/carbon-1/oxygen-1 will be 120° as will be the angles between carbon-2/carbon-1/oxygen-2 and oxygen-1/carbon-1/oxygen-2.
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Double Replacement Worksheet
Write the formula unit equation for this reaction occuring in water: Barium perchloate and sodium sulfate are mixed to form sodium perchlorate and barium sulfate.
1. Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(ClO)2(aq) → 2 NaClO(aq) + BaSO4(s)
2. Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(ClO3)2(s) → 2 NaClO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
3. Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(ClO3)2(aq) → 2 NaClO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
4. Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(ClO4)2(aq) → 2 NaClO4(s) + BaSO4(aq)
5. Na2SO4(s) + Ba(ClO4)2(aq) → 2 NaClO4(s) + BaSO4(aq)
6. Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(ClO4)2(s) → 2 NaClO4(aq) + BaSO4(s)
7. Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(ClO4)2(aq) → 2 NaClO4(aq) + BaSO4(s)
The formula unit when barium perchlorate reacts with sodium sulfate to produce sodium perchlorate and barium sulfate would be: [tex]Ba(ClO_4)_2 (aq) + Na_2SO_4 (aq) -- > 2NaClO_4 (aq) + BaSO_4 (s)[/tex]
Chemical reactionThe reaction between barium perchlorate and sodium sulfate to produce sodium perchlorate and barium sulfate is a double decomposition reaction whose chemical equation can be derived as follows:
Formula for sodium sulfate = [tex]Na_2SO_4[/tex]
Formula for barium perchlorate = [tex]Ba(ClO_4)_2[/tex]
Formula for sodium perchlorate = [tex]NaClO_4[/tex]
Formula for barium sulfate = [tex]BaSO_4[/tex]
Since barium sulfate is insoluble, the chemical equation for the reaction would be:
[tex]Ba(ClO_4)_2 (aq) + Na_2SO_4 (aq) -- > 2NaClO_4 (aq) + BaSO_4 (s)[/tex]
In other words, a double decomposition reaction can also be a precipitation reaction in which two aqueous salts exchange radicals to produce one aqueous and one insoluble salt.
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Why are a weak acid and the salt of its conjugate base used in preparing a buffer, rather than a strong acid and a salt of its conjugate base?.
An acid is more acidic than its conjugate base if its pKa value is less than or equal to seven prepared a buffer solution .
When making a buffer, why do you utilize a weak acid and the salt of its conjugate base?A weak acid and its conjugate base are present in high amounts in buffer solutions (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). Buffers are extremely resistant to fluctuations in pH because these ingredients may neutralize extra H+ or OH.
Why is it necessary to create a buffer solution using both an acid and a base?In buffers, basic species are present to neutralize H + ions and acidic species to do the opposite. These two species must, nevertheless, be able to coexist in a solution without fully negating one another.
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