Answer:
an increase in 1-butene was observed when t-butoxide was used
Explanation:
When a base reacts with an alkyl halide, an elimination product is formed. This reaction is an E2 reaction.
Here we are to compare the reaction of two different bases with one substrate; 2-bromobutane. Both reactions occur by the E2 mechanism but follow different transition states due to the size of the base.
The Saytzeff product, 2-butene, is obtained when the methoxide is used while the non Saytzeff product, 1-butene, is obtained when t-butoxide is used.
The Saytzeff rule is reliable in predicting the major products of simple elimination reactions of alkyl halides given the fact that a small/strong bases is used for the elimination reaction. Therefore hydroxide, methoxide and ethoxide bases give similar results for the same alkyl halide substrate. Bulky bases such as tert-butoxide tend to yield a higher percentage of the non Saytzeff product and this is usually attributed to steric hindrance.
Determine whether the following statement about equilibrium is true or false.
(a) When a reaction system reaches a state of equilibrium, the concentration of the products is equal to the concentration of the reactants.
(b) When a system is at equilibrium, Keq = 1.
(c) At equilibrium, the rates of the forward reaction and the reverse reaction are equal.
(d) Adding a catalyst to a reaction system will shift the position of equilibrium to the right so there are more products at equilibrium than if there was no catalyst present.
Answer:
(a) when a reaction system reaches a state of equilibrium, the concentration of the products is equal to the concentration of the reactants
Determining whether the statements about equilibrium is True or False
A) The concentration of the products is equal to the concentration of the reactants at equilibrium : TRUE
B) When a system is at equilibrium, Keq = 1 : TRUE
C) The rates of the forward reaction and the reverse reaction are equal at equilibrium : TRUE
D) Adding a catalyst to a reaction system will shift the position of equilibrium to the right : FALSE
Reaction at equilibriumIn a chemical reaction at equilibrium the value of Keq will be equal to 1 because the concentration of the products is equal to the concentration of the reactants in the chemica reaction. Also at equilibrium the rate of forward reaction is same as the rate of reverse reaction.
A catalyst can only affect the rate of reaction and not the amount of product ( yield of reaction).
Hence we can conclude that the answers to your questions are as listed above.
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Complete the following radioactive decay problem.
234U → He + ?
Answer:
plz mark me as brainlest
Explanation:
Here we have to complete the given radioactive decay reaction:
²³⁸₉₂U → ⁴₂He + ²³⁴₉₀Th → ²³⁴₉₁Pa ? ⁴₂He + ₁¹P + ¹₀n + ⁰₁e + ₋₁⁰e.
The completed radioactive reaction is
²³⁸₉₂U → ⁴₂He + ²³⁴₉₀Th → ²³⁴₉₁Pa + ⁴₂He + ₋₁⁰e (electron).
In any radioactive reaction the mass number and the atomic number of the reactant and product will be same respectively.
The mass number and atomic number of the reactant uranium (U) is 238 and 92 respectively. Thus in the last reaction if ⁴₂He is eliminated then the mass number of the product 234 + 4 - 0 = 238.
The atomic number will be 91 + 2 - 1 = 92.
Thus the missing particle is electron (₋₁⁰e)
What is the mass number of an element
Answer:
A (Atomic mass number or Nucleon number)
Explanation:
The mass number is the total number of protons and nucleons in an atomic nucleus.
Hope this helps.
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Calculate the amount of heat needed to melt of ice () and bring it to a temperature of . Round your answer to significant digits. Also, be sure your answer contains a unit symbol.
Answer:
your answer is given below
Explanation:
Take it stepwise, and you are going to have to look up the various heat values.
You have 36.5grams of ice, presumably at 0C. You will need to add heat to take the ice at 0 C to water at 0 C. (Latent heat of melting) Then you add in a different heat value to take the water at 0 C to water at 82.3 C. (Specific heat of water)
Add the two heat amounts together.
According to specific heat capacity, to calculate the amount of heat needed to melt ice given mass of ices is multiplied by specific heat of ice and the temperature change which it undergoes.
What is specific heat capacity?Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius. It has units of calories or joules per gram per degree Celsius.
It varies with temperature and is different for each state of matter. Water in the liquid form has the highest specific heat capacity among all common substances .Specific heat capacity of a substance is infinite as it undergoes phase transition ,it is highest for gases and can rise if the gas is allowed to expand.
It is given by the formula ,
Q=mcΔT
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"What is the difference between the revertible and nonrevertible rII mutants that Benzer generated?"
why are(±)-glucose and (-)-glucose both classified as D sugar
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
We must remember that the D / L nomenclature refers to the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 5. If the "OH" is on the right we will have a D configuration. Yes, the "OH" is on the left we will have an L configuration. (See figure 1)
Now, the orientation of this "OH" has nothing to do with the ability of the molecule to deflect polarized light. If the molecule deflects light to the left we will have the symbol "(-)" (levorotation) if the molecule deflects light to the right we will have the symbol "(+)" (dextrorotation).
So in the "D" configuration, we can have both a right (+) and a left (-) deviation.
I hope it helps!
Given the data: Ag2O(s), = ‑31.1 kJ mol-1, S° = +121.3 J mol-1 K-1 Ag(s), = 0.00 kJ mol-1, S° = +42.55 J mol-1 K-1 O2(g), = 0.00 kJ mol-1, S° = +205.0 J mol-1 K-1 Calculate the temperature at which = 0 for the reaction, Ag2O(s) → 2 Ag(s) + ½ O2(g). Assume that, since the physical states do not change, and are independent of temperature between ‑50.0 °C and 950.0 °C.
Answer:
[tex]T=469.1K\\\\T=195.9\°C[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for the given decomposition reaction, we can compute the enthalpy of reaction considering the enthalpy of formation of each involved species (products minus reactants):
[tex]\Delta _rH=2\Delta _fH_{Ag}+\frac{1}{2} \Delta _fH_{O_2}-\Delta _fH_{Ag_2O}\\\\\Delta _rH=2*0.00+\frac{1}{2} *0.00-(-31.1)=31.1kJ/mol[/tex]
Next, the entropy of reaction considering the standard entropy for each involved species (products minus reactants):
[tex]\Delta _rS=2S_{Ag}+\frac{1}{2} S_{O_2}-S_{Ag_2O}\\\\\Delta _rS=2(42.55)+\frac{1}{2} (205.0)-(121.3)=66.3J/(mol*K)[/tex]
Next, since the Gibbs free energy of reaction is computed in terms of both the enthalpy and entropy of reaction at the unknown temperature, for such Gibbs energy equaling 0, the temperature (in K and °C) turns out:
[tex]\Delta _rG=\Delta _rH-T\Delta _rS\\\\0=31.1kJ/mol-T(66.3\frac{J}{mol*K}*\frac{1kJ}{1000J} )\\\\T=\frac{31.1kJ/mol}{0.0663kJ/(mol*K)} =469.1K\\\\T=195.9\°C[/tex]
Which is within the given rank.
Best regards.
Hey can anyone help me please?
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D is the answer
Answer:
D is the correct option. All of the above.Explanation;Hope it helps you....thank you...
Which of the following combinations will result in a reaction that is spontaneous at all temperatures?
Negative enthalpy change and negative entropy change
Negative enthalpy change and positive entropy change
Positive enthalpy change and negative entropy change
Positive enthalpy change and positive entropy change
PLS EXPLAIN WHAT EACH MEANS AND THE VARIABLES AND THE EXPLANATION BEHIND IT
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{Option \ 2}[/tex]
Explanation:
A reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures by the following combinations:
=> A negative enthalpy change ( [tex]\triangle H < 0[/tex] )
=> A positive entropy change ( [tex]\triangle S > 0[/tex] )
See the attached file for more better understanding!
from Gibbs Equation, [tex] \Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S [/tex]
reaction is spontaneous if $\Delta G$ is negative.
so, first option is not valid at high temperature, ($-h+ts$)
second, is always a spontaneous reaction, ($-h-ts$)
third, is never spontaneous ($+h+ts$)
4th is similar to second, spontaneous at higher temperatures ($+h-ts$)
a. You have a stock solution of 14.8 M NH3. How many milliliters of this solution should you dilute to make 1000.0 mL of 0.250 M NH3?
b. If you take a 10.0 mL portion of the stock solution and dilute it to a total volume of 0.500 L, what will be the concentration of the final solution?
Answer:A) V = 16.892 ml
Explanation:
M1 * V1 = M2 * V2
14.8 M * V1 =0.250 M * 1000 ml
V1 = 16.892 ml
a. The volume of 16.89 milliliters of the stock solution of 14.8 M should be diluted to make 1000.0 mL of 0.250 M.
b. The concentration of the final solution is 0.296 M.
What is the dilution law?The concentration or the volume of the concentrated or dilute solution can be calculated by using the equation:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
where M₁ and V₁ are the concentration and volume of the concentrated solution respectively and M₂ and V₂ are the concentration and volume of the dilute solution.
A stock solution is a solution that has a high concentration and that will be diluted to a low concentration by the addition of water in it.
Given, a stock solution of concentration, M₁ = 14.8 M
The concentration of the diluted solution, M₂ = 0.250 M
The volume of diluted solution, V₂ = 1000ml
Substitute the value of the molarity and volume in equation (1):
(14.8)× (V₁) = (1000) × (0.250)
V₁ = 16.89 ml
Similarly, for part (b): M₁ = 14.8 M, V₁ = 10 ml and V₂ = 0.5L = 500 ml
(14.8)× (10) = (500) × (M₂)
M₂ = 0.296 M
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a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer:
silicon dioxide /C
Explanation:
it can form thousands of covalent bonds between it's silicon and Oxygen due to it's macromolecular structure
Which statement describes the number of protons in each atom of an element? (1 point)
The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving from
left to right across each row of the periodic table.
The number of protons is given by the mass number, which increases by one moving from left
to right across each row of the periodic table.
The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving down
in its column in the periodic table.
The number of protons is given by the mass number, which increases by one moving down in
its column in the periodic table.
By definition of atomic number, the correct answers are:
"The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving from left to right across each row of the periodic table." and "The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving down in its column in the periodic table."You have to know that atoms are made up of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, and a shell made up of electrons. Protons are positively charged, while neutrons are electrically neutral (that is, they have zero charge). Therefore the atomic nucleus always has a positive charge. On the other hand, electrons are negatively charged.
The atomic number is the total number of protons that make up the atomic nucleus of a given chemical element and is represented by the letter Z.
An atom is naturally neutral and has the same number of electrons and protons.
The atomic number is used to classify the elements within the periodic table of elements, going from the smallest to the largest number of protons in the nucleus as you progress through the rows and columns of the table. That is, as you travel a period (row) from left to right and as you travel a group (column) from top to bottom, the atomic number increases.
In summary, the correct answers are:
"The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving from left to right across each row of the periodic table." and "The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving down in its column in the periodic table."Learn more about the atomic number: https://brainly.com/question/1262368?referrer=searchResults
Answer:
The answer is "The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving from left to right across each row of the periodic table."
Explanation:
If you look at the periodic table, the elements atomic numbers increase from left to right by one. Therefore, the protons also increase by one from left to right because the number of protons in an element is the same as the atomic number.
what is the lewis structure for OP(N3)3
Explanation:
this is the ans
hope this helps
20. What volume of 0.350M KMnO4 solution must be diluted to prepare 600. mL of
0.150M KMnO4 solution?
Answer:
25.7 mL
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Initial volume (V₁): ?Initial concentration (C₁): 0.350 MFinal volume (V₂): 600 mLFinal concentration (C₂): 0.150 MStep 2: Calculate the volume of the initial solution
We have a concentrated solution and we want to prepare a diluted one. We can calculate the initial volume using the dilution rule.
C₁ × V₁ = C₂ × V₂
V₁ = C₂ × V₂ / C₁
V₁ = 0.150 M × 600 mL / 0.350 M
V₁ = 25.7 mL
During a titration, a known concentration of _____ is added to a _____ of an unknown concentration g
Explanation:
The whole process of titration involves finding the concentration of a solution (usually an acid or base) by adding (titrating) it to a solution(acid or base) with a known concentration.
The solution of unknown concentration (the analyte) is usually placed in an flask, while the solution of known concentration (titrant) is placed in a burette and slowly added to the flask.
How are all planets in the solar system similar?
A. They have a gas atmosphere.
B. They have a water atmosphere.
C. They have a gas-surface composition.
D. They have a rock surface composition.
THIS IS FOR SCIENCE!!!!!!
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Answer:
They have a rock surface composition.
Explanation:
I hope this will help you
Which statements about spontaneous processes are true? Select all that apply: A spontaneous process is one that occurs very quickly.
Answer: Here are the complete options.
A spontaneous process is one that occurs very quickly. A process that is spontaneous in one direction is nonspontaneous in the other direction under a given set of conditions, provided the system is not at equilibrium. A spontaneous process is one that occurs without continuous input of energy from outside the system. A process is spontaneous if it must be continuously forced or driven.
The correct option is
A spontaneous process is one that occurs without continuous input of energy from outside the system.
A process that is spontaneous in one direction is nonspontaneous in the other direction under a given set of conditions, provided the system is not at equilibrium
Explanation:
spontaneous process is one that occurs without continuous input of energy from outside the system and occur on its own because spontaneous processes are thermodynamically favorable characterized by a decrease in the system's free energy, they do not need to be driven by an outside source of energy. Which means that the initial energy is higher than the final energy.
A process that is spontaneous in one direction is nonspontaneous in the other direction under a given set of conditions, provided the system is not at equilibrium which will result to The sign of ΔG will change from positive to negative (or vice versa) where T = ΔH/ΔS. In cases where ΔG is: negative
A sample of carbon dioxide gas has a density of g/L at a pressure of 0.889 atm and a temperature of 55.0 °C. Assume ideal behavior,occupies a volume of 686 mL. If the gas is heated at constant pressure until its volume is 913 mL, the temperature of the gas sample will be:_______ ? °C.
Answer:
163.5 °C
Explanation:
The following data were obtained from the question:
Initial volume (V1) = 686 mL.
Initial temperature (T1) = 55 °C.
Final volume (V2) = 913 mL
Initial pressure (P1) = final pressure (P2) = 0.889 atm
Final temperature (T2) =.?
Next, we shall convert celsius temperature to Kelvin temperature.
This can be done as shown below:
Temperature (K) = Temperature (°C) + 273
T(K) = T (°C) + 273
Initial temperature (T1) = 55 °C.
Initial temperature (T1) = 55 °C + 273
Initial temperature (T1) = 328 K
Next, we shall determine the new temperature of the gas.
Since the pressure is constant, we shall determine the new temperature as follow:
V1/T1 = V2 /T2
Initial volume (V1) = 686 mL.
Final volume (V2) = 913 mL
Initial temperature (T1) = 328 K
Final temperature (T2) =.?
V1/T1 = V2 /T2
686/328 = 913/T2
Cross multiply
686 x T2 = 328 x 913
Divide both side by 686
T2 = (328 x 913)/686
T2 = 436.5 K
Finally, we shall convert Kelvin temperature to celsius temperature.
This can be done as shown below:
Temperature (°C) = Temperature (K) – 273
T (°C) = T(K) – 273
T(K) = 436.5 K
T (°C) = 436.5 – 273
T (°C) = 163.5 °C
Therefore, the temperature of the gas sample is 163.5 °C.
How to prepared sodium chloride solution.
Explanation:
Dissolve 93.52g of NaCl in about 400mL of distilled water, then add more water until final volume is 800mL. If starting with a solution or liquid reagent: When diluting more concentrated solutions, decide what volume(V2) and molarity (M2) the final soluble should be.
In a buffer solution made of acetic acid and sodium acetate, if a small amount of acid is added, the added acid will react with whome?
Answer:
The acid reacts with the conjugate base producing more weak acid.
Explanation:
A buffer solution is defined as the mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base with its conjugate acid.
The acetic buffer, CH₃COOH/CH₃COO⁻, is in equilibrium with water as follows:
CH₃COOH(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ CH₃COO⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺
When an acid HX (Source of H₃O⁺) is added to the buffer, the reaction that occurs is:
CH₃COO⁻ + HX → CH₃COOH
The acid reacts with the conjugate base producing more weak acid.In fact, this is the principle of the buffer:
An acid reacts with the conjugate base producing weak acid. And the weak acid reacts with a base producing conjugate base
If a small amount of acid is added to an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer, the acid will react with the acetate ion from sodium acetate.
We have a buffer formed by acetic acid and sodium acetate.
What is a buffer?A buffer is a solution used to resist abrupt changes in pH when an acid or a base is added.
How are buffers formed?They can be formed in 1 of 2 ways:
By a weak acid and its conjugate base.By a weak base and its conjugate acid.Our buffer is formed by a weak acid (acetic acid) and its conjugate base (acetate ion from sodium acetate).
When an acid (HX) is added, it is neutralized by the basic component of the buffer. The generic net ionic equation is:
H⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ ⇄ CH₃COOH
If a small amount of acid is added to an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer, the acid will react with the acetate ion from sodium acetate.
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Planet A is an inner planet with no moon and hardly any atmosphere. Planet B is an inner planet with no moon but with a dense atmosphere. Which pair of planets is being described?
A.
Mars and Venus
B.
Mercury and Earth
C.
Mercury and Venus
D.
Mars and Earth
Answer:
C.
Mercury and Venus
Explanation:
It is because none of them have moons and barely have atmospheres due to how close they are to the sun.
Answer:
mcmmkcmkmec
Explanation:
What is the change in entropy (AS) when a solid substance decomposes and
produces gaseous products?
Explanation:
Entropy refers to the degree of disorderliness in a system. Generally solids have a greater degree of order when compared to gas in which the molecules/particles move randomly in all directions.
The change in entropy from solid to gaseous phase is a positive change. Because there is increase disorderliness of the system.
Suppose that a 100 mL sample of ideal gas is held in a piston-cylinder apparatus. Its volume could be increased to 200 mL by
Answer:
e. reducing the pressure from 608 torr to 0.40 atm at constant temperature.
Explanation:
According to Boyle's law when a gas is at the same temperature and there is a mass in a closed container so the pressure and the volume changes in the opposite direction
So here the equation is
[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2[/tex]
Now we choose the options
where,
[tex]V_1 = 100\ mL = 0.1\ L\\\\V_2 = 200\ mL = 0.2\ L[/tex]
[tex]P_1 = 608\ torr = 0.8\ atm \\\\P_2= 0.4\ atm[/tex]
Now applying these values to the above equation
So,
P1V1=P2V2
[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2[/tex]
[tex]0.8\times0.1 = 0.4\times0.2[/tex]
0.8 = 0.8
Hence, it is proved
Predict the order of acid strengths in the following series of cationic
species: CH3CH2NH3
+, CH3CH=NH2
+ and CH3C-NH+
Answer:
CH3C-NH+> CH3CH=NH2 >CH3CH2NH3+
Explanation:
The acid strength has to do with the ease of the loss of hydrogen ion from the cationic specie. Hydrogen ion will easily be lost from any specie which contains an atom, group of atoms or bond which withdraws electrons along the chain of the N-H bond.
The pi bond system is known to be highly electronegative and withdraws electrons along the chain hence a withdrawal of electron density along the chain which makes the hydrogen ion to be easily lost from a system which contains a pi bond along the chain. A triple bond is more electronegative than a double bond, hence the answer above.
Which of the following forms a molecular solid? Which of the following forms a molecular solid? C10H22 CaO gold C, graphite
Answer:
C10H22
Explanation:
Graphite is known as an allotrope of carbon. Its characteristics include being black and slippery and as used as lubricants.
Gold (Au) is an element on the periodic table with atomic number 79 and a mass number 197 which exists as a metal due to its hydrogen bonds.
C10H22 which is also known as decane belongs to the Alkane family.The General forces of attraction between the alkane family are weak but in the case of decade there is Van der waal force which makes Decane C10H22 a Molecular Solid.
The K sp for silver(I) phosphate is 1.8 × 10 –18. Determine the silver ion concentration in a saturated solution of silver(I) phosphate.
Answer:
[tex][Ag^+]=4.82x10^{-5}M[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the dissociation reaction for silver phosphate is:
[tex]Ag_3PO_4(s)\rightleftharpoons 3Ag^+(aq)+PO_4^{3-}(aq)[/tex]
Therefore, the equilibrium expression is:
[tex]Ksp=[Ag^+]^3[PO_4^{3-}][/tex]
And in terms of the reaction extent [tex]x[/tex] is:
[tex]Ksp=1.8x10^{-18}=(3x)^3(x)[/tex]
Thus, [tex]x[/tex] turns out:
[tex]1.8x10^{-18}=27x^4\\\\x=\sqrt[4]{\frac{1.8x10^{-18}}{27} } \\\\x=1.61x10^{-5}M[/tex]
In such a way, the concentration of the silver ion is:
[tex][Ag^+]=3x=3*1.61x10^{-5}M=4.82x10^{-5}M[/tex]
Best regards.
g All of the molecules below have polar bonds but only one of the molecules is a polar molecule. Which one is a polar molecule? A) C2F2 B) C2Cl4 C) CO2 D) NF3 E) CF4
Answer: [tex]NF_3[/tex]
Explanation:
Geometrical symmetry of the molecule and the polarity of the bonds determine the polarity of the molecule.
The molecule that has zero dipole moment that means it is a geometrically symmetric molecule and the molecule which has some net dipole moment means it is a geometrically asymmetric molecule.
As the molecule is symmetric, the dipole moment will be zero as dipole moments cancel each other and the molecule will be non-polar.
As the molecule is asymmetric, the dipole moment will not be zero and the molecule will be polar.
Example: [tex]NF_3[/tex]
Thus, we can say that [tex]NF_3[/tex] is a polar molecule.
instruments that have been soaking in cold sterilization for blank minutes are considered aseptic and can be used during non sterile procedures
a. 60
b. 30
c. 15
d. 10
Answer:
Its C you can check
What is the percent composition of chlorine in the compound Ba(ClO3)2?
You're going to divide the mass of chlorine within the compound by the mass of the compound, and then multiply the result by 100 to get the answer
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Answer:
By definition, a pure substance or a homogeneous mixture consists of a single phase. A heterogeneous mixture consists of two or more phases. When oil and water are combined, they do not mix evenly, but instead form two separate layers.
Explanation:
Sorry only knew the answer to the first question
Answer:
To make a saturated solution, 36 gm of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 gm of water at 293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature.
Mass per cent is a way of expressing a concentration or describing the component in a particular mixture. The solution composition can be expressed in mass percentage that depicts the mass of solute present in a given mass of solution.
The quantity of solute is expressed in mass or by moles. For a solution, the mass per cent is described as the grams of solute per grams of solution, multiplied by 100 to get the percentage.
Concentration
Mass of sodium chloride (Solute) = 36gm
Mass of water (solvent) = 100 gm
Mass of solution = 36+100
∴ Mass of solution = 136 gm
Concentration = (Mass of Solute / Mass of Solution) * 100
Concentration = (36/136) × 100
Concentration = 26.47%
Temperature
If temperature increases, solubility increases and if temperature decreases, solubility decreases.
It is possible to distinguish the particles of solute from those of solvent in a suspension, since particle size is bigger in suspensions, hence it is easier to distinguish the particles of solute.
Explanation: