The table shows the given data and the respective forecasts using both methods. The comparison of the three-month moving average forecast with the exponential smoothing forecast using α = 0.2 is as follows. The Three-month moving average is 56.33 while the Exponential smoothing forecast using α = 0.2 is 55.97.
Given data is:
Jan-Feb-Mar: 54, 58, 67, 66, 70, 71, 77, 83, 89, 94, 95, 103, 109, 119, 123, 137, 146, 164, 179, 189, 204, 220, 240, 263
Three-month moving average forecast:
The three-month moving average is the average of the latest three months. It starts from the third month. The formula of a three-month moving average forecast is: (Ft+1) = (At + At-1 + At-2) / 3.
The three-month moving average forecast of the fourth month is the average of the first three months, i.e., 56.33 rounded to two decimal places.
Exponential smoothing forecast:
An exponential smoothing forecast is used to calculate the future value of a series based on past data. In this method, the most recent data has more weight than the older data. The formula of exponential smoothing forecast is:
Ft+1 = α At + (1 - α) Ft.
The first forecast for the fourth month is taken as At. The exponential smoothing forecast of the fourth month is calculated as:
F4 = α A3 + (1 - α) F3F3 = (54 + 58 + 67) / 3 = 59.67F4 = α 67 + (1 - α) 59.67Using α = 0.2, we getF4 = 0.2(67) + 0.8(59.67)F4 = 55.97 rounded to two decimal places.
The three-month moving average forecast is 56.33, and the exponential smoothing forecast using α = 0.2 is 55.97. Therefore, the exponential smoothing forecast using α = 0.2 is a better forecast.
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Concord, Inc., uses a traditional product costing system to assign overhead costs uniformly to all its packaged multigrain products. To meet Food and Drug Administration requirements and to assure its customers of safe, sanitary, and nutritious food, Concord engages in a high level of quality control. Concord assigns its quality-control overhead costs to all products at a rate of 17% of direct labor costs. Its direct labor cost for the month of June for its low-calorie breakfast line is $70,000. In response to repeated requests from its financial vice president, Concord's management agrees to adopt activity-based costing. Data relating to the low-calorie breakfast line for the month of June are as follows. Overhead Rate Number of Cost Drivers Used per Activity Activity Cost Pools Cost Drivers Inspections of material received Number of pounds $0.90 per pound 6,200 pounds In-process inspections Number of servings $0.33 per serving 10,200 servings FDA certification Customer orders $12.00 per order 410 orders (a) Compute the quality-control overhead cost to be assigned to the low-calorie breakfast product line for the month of June (1) using the traditional product costing system (direct labor cost is the cost driver), and (2) using activity-based costing. Traditional product costing Activity-based costing Quality-control overhead cost to be assigned $
The quality-control overhead cost to be assigned to the low-calorie breakfast product line for the month of June using activity-based costing (ABC) is $13,866 and using the traditional product costing is $11,900.
Activity-based costing: Activity-based costing is a cost accounting method in which a business's overhead costs are allocated or assigned to the goods and services produced or provided based on the activities used to produce them. ABC is a relatively new technique that seeks to reduce the distortions in traditional costing methods that are due to the use of allocation bases that bear little or no relationship to the incurrence of overhead costs.
ABC results in more accurate product costing in a firm’s business operation. Here, a company assigns the cost of each activity individually to each product or service based on the number of resources used in each of them.
Solution: Given that,Direct labor cost for the month of June for its low-calorie breakfast line is $70,000.
Overhead rate for quality-control overhead costs is 17% of direct labor costs.The number of pounds for inspections of material received = 6,200 poundsThe number of servings for in-process inspections = 10,200 servings.
The number of customer orders for FDA certification = 410 orders. Activity-based costing (ABC)Traditional product costingLow-calorie breakfast line costs:
Inspections of material received Number of pounds × Cost per pound6,200 pounds × $0.90 per pound = $5,580
Number of servings for in-process inspections Number of servings × Cost per serving10,200 servings × $0.33 per serving = $3,366FDA certificationCost per order × Number of orders$12.00 per order × 410 orders = $4,920Quality-control overhead cost to be assigned using ABC:
$5,580 + $3,366 + $4,920 = $13,866Quality-control overhead cost to be assigned using traditional product costing: Direct labor cost × Overhead rate$70,000 × 17% = $11,900
Therefore, the quality-control overhead cost to be assigned to the low-calorie breakfast product line for the month of June using activity-based costing (ABC) is $13,866 and using the traditional product costing is $11,900.
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property taxes are an example of a (n): select one: a. discretionary variable cost. b. discretionary fixed cost. c. committed fixed cost. d. committed
the property It is a fixed cost because it has to be paid regularly, irrespective of the level of business activity. Thus, it is an example of a committed fixed cost. The correct option is option C: committed fixed cost.
Property taxes are an example of a committed fixed cost. A committed fixed cost is a fixed cost that cannot be adjusted easily to changes in the level of business activity, for example, property taxes and rent. A committed fixed cost does not change with an increase or decrease in the company’s production or level of business activity. Property taxes are a tax that is levied on real estate. The tax is based on the value of the property and is paid by the owner.
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Selected comparative financial statements of Korbin Company follow. KORBIN COMPANY Comparative Income Statements For Years Ended December 31 2021 2020 2019 $ 202,300 Sales $ 380,526 $ 291,514 229,077
The Korbin Company’s comparative income statements for the years ending December 31, 2019-2021, reveal that there was a significant increase in sales over the years.
In 2021, sales were $202,300 compared to $291,514 in 2020 and $380,526 in 2019, which represents a decrease from the previous year. The company’s 2021 sales are only 53% of the 2019 sales. The company should analyze and identify the reasons for the decrease in sales in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019. Additionally, the company needs to consider its overall financial performance from 2019 to 2021 by analyzing its income statements. The Korbin Company should take appropriate actions and put measures in place to increase its sales and improve its financial performance in the future.
In conclusion, based on the selected comparative financial statements of Korbin Company for the years ended December 31, 2019-2021, it is clear that there was a significant decrease in sales in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019. The company needs to analyze the reasons for this decrease and take appropriate actions to improve its financial performance.
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In tabular format, distinguish between Macro & Micro economic
features . minimum 10 points please
Macro Economics:
1. Focuses on the overall economy.
2. Studies aggregate variables like GDP, inflation, and unemployment.
3. Analyzes national income and expenditure.
Micro Economics:
1. Focuses on individual economic units.
2. Studies the behavior of consumers and firms.
3. Analyzes supply and demand for specific goods and services.
"Macro Economics":
Macro economics is a branch of economics that focuses on the overall behavior of an economy. It studies aggregate variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, and unemployment rate. It analyzes national income and expenditure, government policies, economic growth, business cycles, fiscal and monetary policies, and the stability and performance of the entire economy. Macro economics deals with issues at a national or global level, considering factors like taxation, public debt, and international trade. By examining the interplay between different sectors of the economy, macro economics provides insights into the functioning of the economy as a whole.
"Micro Economics":
Micro economics is a branch of economics that focuses on individual economic units, such as consumers, firms, and markets. It studies the behavior of consumers and firms, analyzing supply and demand for specific goods and services. Micro economics examines individual prices, market interactions, consumer preferences, and utility maximization. It studies production and cost decisions of firms, individual decision-making, resource allocation, market equilibrium, and efficiency. Micro economics analyzes factors like competition, market structures, and issues such as consumer surplus, producer surplus, and market failure. By studying individual economic units, micro economics provides insights into how economic agents make decisions and how markets function at a smaller scale.
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Describe the template of Design document before
training of Sheraton Hotel in detail.
The design document serves as a blueprint for the Sheraton Hotel training program, providing a comprehensive overview of its objectives, content, methods, logistics, and evaluation.
Design Document Template for Sheraton Hotel Training:
Introduction:
Overview of the training program and its objectives. Background information about Sheraton Hotel and its training needs.
Training Goals and Objectives:
Clearly defined goals and specific learning objectives for the training program. Align the objectives with the needs and challenges of Sheraton Hotel.
Target Audience:
Identify the employees or departments who will participate in the training. Provide a brief profile of the target audience, including their roles and current skill levels.
Training Content and Modules:
Break down the training program into modules or topics. Specify the content to be covered in each module, including key concepts, skills, and knowledge areas. Outline the sequence and duration of each module.
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TRUE / FALSE. Not properly giving credit to the sources used in your work, even when paraphrasing, is considered plagiarism and can result in not only a "0" for that assignment, but an "F" in the course. True False
It is important to give credit to the sources used in your work and avoiding plagiarism, even when paraphrasing.
The statement "Not properly giving credit to the sources used in your work, even when paraphrasing, is considered plagiarism and can result in not only a '0' for that assignment, but an 'F' in the course" is true.What is plagiarism?Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty that occurs when someone submits someone else's work as their own without properly attributing it. Any piece of writing or data that has been written or created by another person or organization should be properly credited.The importance of crediting sources. Properly crediting sources is a crucial component of academic work. When someone uses someone else's work, they must provide the original author credit. Not providing proper credit is not only unethical, but it can also lead to consequences like failing a course, earning a zero for an assignment, and potentially even expulsion.Paraphrasing,Paraphrasing involves taking information or ideas from a source and rephrasing them in your own words. Paraphrasing does not excuse you from the requirement to attribute the original source. You must still cite the original source, even if you have rephrased the information or ideas in your own words.Therefore, it is important to give credit to the sources used in your work and avoiding plagiarism, even when paraphrasing.
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monopolists are guaranteed to earn a positive economic profit because they are the only seller in their industry. T/F ?
The correct option is True. Monopolists are guaranteed to earn a positive economic profit in the short run.
They have control over the entire market and face no competition. As the sole seller in the industry, they have the ability to set prices higher than their production costs, resulting in a positive economic profit. However, in the long run, potential entry of new firms or changes in market conditions may erode the monopolist's profitability.
Therefore, while monopolists can earn positive economic profits in the short run due to their market power, the long-run sustainability of these profits depends on various factors such as market dynamics, entry barriers, and regulatory interventions.
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9. To maximize profits, a monopolist produces the quantity where ( D ) a. average revenue equals average cost and then sets price equal to marginal revenue. b. average revenue equals average cost and
b. Average revenue equals average cost and then sets price equal to marginal cost.
In order to maximize profits, a monopolist needs to consider the relationship between average revenue, average cost, marginal revenue, and marginal cost. The monopolist will produce the quantity where average revenue (AR) equals average cost (AC) to ensure that the firm is operating efficiently. This is because at the quantity where AR equals AC, the monopolist is maximizing its per-unit profit.
However, simply setting the price equal to marginal revenue (MR) may not lead to profit maximization because MR represents the additional revenue gained from selling one additional unit, while marginal cost (MC) represents the additional cost incurred from producing one additional unit. To maximize profits, the monopolist should set the price equal to the marginal cost of production, as this ensures that the additional cost of producing an extra unit is covered by the additional revenue generated.
Therefore, the correct statement is: a. average revenue equals average cost and then sets price equal to marginal cost.
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Alpha Company was incorporated at the beginning of this year with the following authorized capitalization. • 200,000 10% cumulative preference shares, par P50; and • 200,000 ordinary shares, no-par, P100 stated value shares. During the year, Alpha issued 50,000 preference shares at P60 per share and 150,000 ordinary shares for a total of P18,000,000. In addition, subscriptions for 20,000 preference shares were taken in December this year at a purchase price of P100 per share. These subscribed shares will be paid in January next year. Profit for this year was P5,000,000. What should Alpha report as total contributed capital on its balance sheet as at December 31 this year? a. P21,000,000 b. P23,000,000 c. P26,000,000 d. P28,000,000
The total contributed capital on Alpha Company's balance sheet as at December 31 this year is P23,000,000.
Contributed capital refers to the amount of cash or assets received by a corporation in return for stock that is sold to investors. It includes both preferred and common shares sold by the company. The total contributed capital on Alpha Company's balance sheet as at December 31 this year can be calculated as follows:
Authorized Capitalization• 200,000 10% cumulative preference shares, par
P50 = (200,000 x P50)
= P10,000,000• 200,000 ordinary shares, no-par,
P100 stated value shares = P0
Issued Capitalization
50,000 preference shares at
P60 per share = (50,000 x P60) = P3,000,000150,000 ordinary shares for a total of
P18,000,000 = P18,000,000
Total Issued Capitalization = P3,000,000 + P18,000,000
= P21,000,000
Contributed capital will also include the value of the subscribed shares that will be paid in January next year.20,000 preference shares will be taken at a purchase price of P100 per share.
The subscribed shares will be paid in January next year but since the subscription took place in December, the total amount of subscribed capital will be included in this year's balance sheet.
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Park Hyatt, Grand Hyatt, Hyatt Andaz, Hyatt Regency, Hyatt Place, Hyatt Centric are some of the brands of Hyatt Hotels Corporation. What type of a marketing strategy does is indicated from the Hyatt Hotels Corporation where they target several market segments and design separate offers for each market segment?
Hyatt Hotels Corporation implements a multi-segment targeting strategy.
What type of marketing approach does Hyatt Hotels Corporation utilize to cater to different market segments?Hyatt Hotels Corporation adopts a multi-segment targeting strategy, which involves targeting and designing specific offers for different market segments. This approach recognizes that various customer segments have different needs, preferences, and purchasing behaviors. By tailoring their marketing efforts to each segment, Hyatt can better meet the unique requirements and expectations of diverse customer groups. This strategy allows them to position their various brands, such as Park Hyatt, Grand Hyatt, Hyatt Andaz, Hyatt Regency, Hyatt Place, and Hyatt Centric, to appeal to specific target markets. Each brand offers a distinct experience and value proposition, catering to different types of travelers, whether it's luxury seekers, business professionals, or budget-conscious guests. By segmenting their marketing efforts, Hyatt can effectively communicate the benefits and features that resonate with each target group, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.
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Cite relevant events wherein Philippines have considered entering
the International Global Financial Management. What are advantages
and disadvantages of this engagement?
Philippines considered entering international global financial management was its application to become a member of the (IMF). Advantages: Access to financial assistance. Disadvantages: Possible loss of some degree of sovereignty over domestic economic policies.
"Financial" refers to anything related to money, funds, or monetary matters. It encompasses activities, systems, and institutions that deal with the management, creation, allocation, and use of monetary resources. Financial aspects can include banking, investments, borrowing, lending, budgeting, accounting, and financial planning. It involves analyzing, evaluating, and making decisions regarding the acquisition, allocation, and utilization of funds in different contexts, such as personal finance, public finance. Financial considerations are crucial for governments to achieve their financial goals and ensure economic stability and growth.
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All of the supervisors at Genius Company Ltd. are quite busy since they have to complete their subordinates' bi-annual appraisal reviews. The supervisors cite the following five ratings from the review report: A stands for Excellent, B for Good, C for Fair, D for Pass, and F for Fail.
Sharon, Kit, Janice, and Anna are all great pals. They have spent the last five years at Genius Company Ltd. They are having lunch one afternoon and discussing their appraisal results.
Sharon: My boss is an angel who treats everyone on my team with kindness. Even though our performance was adequate, we all received an A on our appraisal reports.
Kit: I'm envious of your success! My boss never acknowledges our efforts. Despite the fact that I have been the department's top salesperson for four consecutive quarters, my supervisor consistently gives me a D in all appraisals!
Janice: You are not alone, Kit. I am recognized as a trustworthy and helpful employee. Last month, I requested a week of sick leave, and my appraisal graded me a D in the category of 'Quality of work.'
Anna: Our supervisor is quite pleasant. Our team is thrilled since no one suffers because she merely gives us a "C" average.
The HR Manager has overheard their conversation. She is worried about the gossip may affect the morale of the employees, so she is thinking of a solution.
Question:
The HR manager would like to invite more parties to evaluate employees’ performance. Name THREE parties who can provide performance management feedback for the employees.
There are several parties that the HR manager could invite to provide performance management feedback for the employees.
Here are three options:
Customers: Inviting customers to provide feedback on the employees' performance can provide valuable insights into how well they are meeting the needs of the customers. This can help to ensure that employees are delivering high-quality work that meets the expectations of the customers.
Peers: Inviting other employees in the same department or team to provide feedback on each other's performance can help to foster a culture of collaboration and teamwork. It can also provide an opportunity for employees to learn from each other and improve their own skills.
Subject matter experts: Inviting subject matter experts in the relevant fields to evaluate the employees' performance can provide a more objective and specialized assessment. For example, if the employees work in a technical field, inviting a technical expert to evaluate their work can provide a more accurate assessment of their skills and knowledge.
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Shown here are annual financial data for a merchandising company and a manufacturing company. Music World Retail Wave-Board Manufacturing Beginning inventory Merchandise $ 135,000 Finished goods $360,
There are some significant differences between merchandising companies and manufacturing companies. While merchandising companies buy finished goods and sell them, manufacturing companies produce goods using raw materials or sub-assemblies.
One of the significant distinctions between a merchandising company and a manufacturing company is their core business activities. The merchandising company purchases finished goods from wholesalers and resells them to customers, while the manufacturing company produces goods using raw materials or sub-assemblies. Music World Retail's financial statements indicate that they have an inventory worth $135,000 at the beginning of the year, consisting of merchandise. Because they are a merchandising company, the $135,000 worth of merchandise was undoubtedly purchased finished and not produced by the company. It's reasonable to assume that Music World Retail is a wholesale and retail business since they made $280,000 in revenue over the year.Wave-Board Manufacturing's financial statements, on the other hand, display a beginning inventory of finished goods worth $360,000. The finished goods are items that have been produced and are awaiting delivery to customers. Their inventory's worth being $360,000 suggests that they had produced and completed items worth this much at the end of the previous year. As previously stated, Wave-Board Manufacturing's primary business activity, like any manufacturing company, is producing items. They had sales of $1,200,000 over the year.
It's clear that the core business activities of the two companies are vastly different. While Music World Retail is a wholesale and retail business, Wave-Board Manufacturing produces items using raw materials or sub-assemblies. The companies' financial statements' beginning inventory sections reflect their core business activities. Music World Retail has an inventory of merchandise worth $135,000 at the beginning of the year, while Wave-Board Manufacturing has an inventory of finished goods worth $360,000.
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the theory of consumer behavior assumes that consumers attempt to maximize group of answer choices the difference between total and marginal utility. marginal utility. average utility
The theory of consumer behavior assumes that consumers attempt to maximize their utility, which is the satisfaction or pleasure they receive from consuming goods and services. Utility is the ability of a good or service to satisfy human wants and needs.
Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or pleasure a consumer receives from consuming one additional unit of a good or service. Total utility is the total satisfaction or pleasure a consumer receives from consuming all units of a good or service.
According to the theory of consumer behavior, consumers will continue to consume goods and services until the marginal utility they receive from consuming one additional unit equals the price they pay for that unit. This is known as the principle of equimarginal utility.
In other words, consumers will allocate their income to the goods and services that provide them with the highest marginal utility per dollar spent. This is because they want to maximize their total utility.
Average utility is the total utility a consumer receives from consuming all units of a good or service, divided by the total number of units consumed. Average utility is less important in the theory of consumer behavior than marginal utility, because it does not take into account the additional satisfaction or pleasure gained from consuming one additional unit.
In conclusion, the theory of consumer behavior assumes that consumers attempt to maximize their utility, which is the satisfaction or pleasure they receive from consuming goods and services. Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or pleasure a consumer receives from consuming one additional unit of a good or service. The principle of equimarginal utility states that consumers will allocate their income to the goods and services that provide them with the highest marginal utility per dollar spent.
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Explain two responsibilities of the employer. 6. Explain two responsibilities of the employee.
In an organizational setup, both employers and employees have specific roles and responsibilities. In the event that both sides meet their respective obligations, the business can prosper and achieve its goals.
Here are two responsibilities of the employer and two responsibilities of the employee:Responsibilities of the employer:1. Ensure a safe working environment: The employer is responsible for the safety of the employees working in their company. Employers must provide safe working conditions that comply with local safety standards. This includes implementing safety measures such as training on safety procedures, providing protective gear, etc.2. Paying wages and providing benefits: The employer must provide timely and accurate payment of employee salaries. The employer must also ensure that all benefits, such as health insurance, are provided to employees.Responsibilities of the employee:1. Following company policies: Employees must follow the guidelines and procedures put in place by their employers. This includes attendance, punctuality, and following safety procedures.2. Being accountable for work: Employees are responsible for their work quality and meeting the expectations of their employer. They should work diligently and communicate any issues or problems they may encounter.
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what does economics have to do with running a business?
500 words , comply with APA Standards
20% maximum plagiraziation on turnitim
Economics is essential for running a business as it helps in making informed decisions regarding pricing, production, resource allocation, market analysis, and forecasting.
Economics provides businesses with valuable insights into how markets function and how they can optimize their operations. One of the key aspects of economics in business is pricing. Businesses need to set prices for their products or services that are attractive to customers while still ensuring profitability. Economics helps in understanding the concept of supply and demand, which enables businesses to determine the optimal price point that will generate maximum revenue.
Another important area where economics plays a significant role is in production. Businesses need to make decisions regarding what to produce, how much to produce, and which production methods to adopt. Economic principles such as cost-benefit analysis, economies of scale, and production efficiency assist businesses in making these decisions. By utilizing these principles, businesses can reduce costs, increase productivity, and ultimately improve their bottom line.
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Assume that an agribusiness firm uses an average of 40 boxes of copier paper a day. The firm operates 260 days a year. Storage and handling costs for the paper are $30 a year per box, and it costs approximately $60 to order and receive a shipment of paper.
What order size would minimize the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs? (2)
Compute the total annual cost using your order size from part a. (3)
The office manager is currently using an order size of 200 boxes. The partners of the firm expect the office to be managed "in a cost-efficient manner." Would you recommend that the office manager use the optimal order size instead of 200 boxes? Justify your answer.
The optimal order size that minimizes the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs is approximately 790 boxes.
to determine the optimal order size, we need to find the order quantity that minimizes the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs. the economic order quantity (eoq) formula can be used for this purpose.
the eoq formula is given by:
eoq = √((2ds)/h)
where:
d = annual demand (number of boxes) = 40 boxes/day * 260 days = 10,400 boxes/year
s = ordering cost per order = $60/order
h = holding cost per unit per year = $30/box
plugging in the values:
eoq = √((2 * 10,400 * 60) / 30)
eoq = √(624,000)
eoq ≈ 790 boxes (rounded to the nearest whole number) to compute the total annual cost using the optimal order size, we need to consider both the ordering costs and the carrying costs.
total annual ordering cost = (d / eoq) * s
total annual carrying cost = (eoq / 2) * h
plugging in the values:
total annual ordering cost = (10,400 / 790) * 60 ≈ $789.87
total annual carrying cost = (790 / 2) * 30 ≈ $11,850
total annual cost = total annual ordering cost + total annual carrying cost
total annual cost ≈ $789.87 + $11,850 ≈ $12,639.87
considering the office manager's current order size of 200 boxes, it is clear that the optimal order size of 790 boxes would result in a lower total annual cost.
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A fire occurred on September 30,1998, in the Store of Mr Andy. From the following figures Ascertain the claim to be lodged. Stock on January 1, 1998 17,000 Purchases from January 1, 1998, to date of fire 1,70,000 Wages and other manufacturing expenses 17,000 Sales from January 1, 1998, to date of fire 2,00,000 The rate of gross profit is 25% on cost. The stock salvaged was valued at $ 4,000.
The claim to be lodged after the fire is $17,000.
The stock on January 1, 1998, was $17,000 and purchases from January 1, 1998, to the date of fire was $1,70,000.
The total cost of goods available for sale (i.e., opening stock + purchases) is equal to $17,000 + $1,70,000 = $1,87,000.
Therefore, the claim to be lodged is as follows:
Particulars Amount (in $)Stock on January 1, 199817,000
Add: Purchases from January 1, 1998, to the date of fire1,70,000
Goods available for sale1,87,000
Less: Stock salvaged4,000
Cost of goods lost or damaged1,83,000
Less: Sales from January 1, 1998, to the date of fire2,00,000
Gross loss incurred (i.e., excess of cost over sales)17,000
Therefore, the claim to be lodged is $17,000.
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Assume that you are considering the purchase of a 20-year, noncallable bond with an annual coupon rate of 9.5%. The bond has a face value of $1,000, and it makes semiannual interest payments. If you require an 8.2% nominal yield to maturity on this investment, what is the maximum price you should be willing to pay for the bond?
When you are looking to purchase a bond, the maximum price that should be paid for the bond is $1,156.51.
One important aspect that you need to take into consideration is its yield to maturity. Yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return anticipated on a bond if the bond is held until it matures. Yield to maturity is considered a long-term bond yield but is expressed as an annual rate. Moreover, bonds have fixed coupon payments that are usually made every six months or annually. Based on this information, let's answer the question.Assuming that you are considering the purchase of a 20-year, non-callable bond with an annual coupon rate of 9.5%, a face value of $1,000, and semi-annual interest payments, we need to determine the maximum price to be paid for the bond. First, calculate the semi-annual coupon payment:(Coupon rate * Face value) / Number of coupon payments per year= (9.5% * $1,000) / 2= $47.50We also need to calculate the number of coupon payments. As the bond makes semi-annual payments and has a 20-year maturity, there will be a total of: 20 years * 2 semi-annual payments= 40 semi-annual coupon paymentsThe next step is to calculate the present value of the bond's coupon payments using the current yield to maturity (YTM). Since the YTM is 8.2%, the semi-annual discount rate is: 8.2% / 2 = 4.1%.Using this discount rate, the present value of the bond's coupon payments can be calculated using the formula:PV = Coupon payment x (1 - (1 / (1 + r)^n)) / rWhere,PV = Present value of the bond's coupon paymentsCoupon payment = $47.50r = semi-annual discount rate (4.1%)n = number of coupon payments (40)Substituting the values in the formula, we get:PV = $47.50 x (1 - (1 / (1 + 4.1%)^40)) / (4.1%)= $845.94Finally, we need to determine the present value of the bond's face value at maturity. We can use the present value formula to calculate it.PV = Face value / (1 + r)^nWhere,PV = Present value of the face valueFace value = $1,000r = semi-annual discount rate (4.1%)n = number of periods (40)Substituting the values in the formula, we get:PV = $1,000 / (1 + 4.1%)^40= $310.57Now that we have calculated both the present values of the bond's coupon payments and face value, we can calculate the maximum price that should be paid for the bond. We can do this by adding the two present values together.$845.94 + $310.57 = $1,156.51Therefore, the maximum price that should be paid for the bond is $1,156.51.
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Reference to Another Agreement Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. (Holly Hill), purchased land from Rogers and Blythe. As part of its consideration, Holly Hill gave Rog- ers and Blythe a promissory note and purchase money mortgage. The note read, in part, "This note with inter- est is secured by a mortgage on real estate made by the maker in favor of said payee. The terms of said mort- gage are by reference made a part hereof." Rogers and Blythe assigned this note and mortgage to Charter Bank of Gainesville (Charter Bank) as security in order to ob- tain a loan from the bank. Within a few months, Rog- ers and Blythe defaulted on their obligation to Charter Bank. Charter Bank sued to recover on Holly Hill’s note and mortgage. Does the reference to the mortgage in the note cause it to be nonnegotiable? Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. v. Charter Bank of Gainesville, 314 So.2d 209, 1975 Fla. App. Lexis 13715 (Court of Appeal of Florida)
No, the reference to the mortgage in the note does not cause it to be nonnegotiable. In this case, the terms of the mortgage were readily ascertainable from the note, and therefore the note remained negotiable.
In the case of Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. v. Charter Bank of Gainesville, the court held that the reference to the mortgage in the note did not render it nonnegotiable. The court noted that the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) allows for the inclusion of references to other agreements in negotiable instruments, and that such references do not affect negotiability as long as the terms of the referenced agreement are ascertainable from the face of the instrument.
One of the requirements for negotiability is that the instrument must be complete and not require reference to any other agreement or document to determine its terms. However, the UCC allows for the inclusion of references to other agreements in negotiable instruments, as long as the terms of the referenced agreement are ascertainable from the face of the instrument. In the case of Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. v. Charter Bank of Gainesville, the note in question included a reference to the mortgage that secured it. Specifically, the note stated that it was "secured by a mortgage on real estate made by the maker in favor of said payee. The terms of said mortgage are by reference made a part hereof. Overall, the case of Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. v. Charter Bank of Gainesville confirms that negotiable instruments can include references to other agreements, as long as the terms of those agreements are readily ascertainable from the face of the instrument.
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a. Discuss the effectiveness of using subsidies to promote a switch of travelers from private cars to public transport. (15 marks) b. Discuss how THREE strategies that the Caribbean or sub-Caribbean region can undertake to sustain or increase its demand in cruise tourism in the post-COVID-19 era (10 marks) ~PLEASE BARE IN MIND THE MARKS ALLOTTED ON EACH QUESTION~
The effectiveness of using subsidies to promote a switch of travelers from private cars to public transport:
Subsidies are a form of financial aid provided by the government to support specific industries or activities. The aim of subsidizing public transport is to make it more affordable and attractive than private cars, which in turn can incentivize people to use public transportation instead of personal vehicles. There are several ways in which subsidies can be utilized to achieve this goal:
Reducing ticket prices: One way to encourage people to use public transportation is to reduce the cost of public transport tickets. Subsidies can be used to partially or fully offset the cost of public transport, making it more affordable for people who may not have been able to afford it before.
Improving infrastructure: Subsidies can also be used to improve public transport infrastructure. This includes building new stations, expanding existing ones, and improving accessibility for people with disabilities. By improving the quality of public transport infrastructure, people may find it more convenient and comfortable to use public transport.
Providing incentives: Subsidies can also be used to provide incentives for people to switch to public transport. For example, governments could offer tax breaks to people who use public transport instead of private cars. Alternatively, they could offer discounts on other goods and services to people who use public transport frequently.
Overall, subsidies can be an effective tool for encouraging people to switch from private cars to public transport. However, the success of this strategy will depend on factors such as the level of subsidy provided, the quality of public transport infrastructure, and other incentives that are available to drivers.
b. Strategies for sustaining or increasing demand in cruise tourism in the post-COVID-19 era in the Caribbean or sub-Caribbean region:
Developing new destinations: One strategy for sustaining or increasing demand in cruise tourism is to develop new destinations in the Caribbean or sub-Caribbean region. By introducing new ports of call, cruise lines can provide passengers with fresh experiences and encourage repeat visits.
Enhancing the passenger experience: Another strategy is to focus on enhancing the passenger experience. This could involve investing in better facilities and services at existing ports of call, providing more shore excursions that cater to a wider range of interests, or improving onboard amenities and entertainment.
Promoting sustainability: A third strategy for sustaining or increasing demand in cruise tourism is to promote sustainability. This could involve implementing eco-friendly practices both on board the ships and at ports of call, as well as educating passengers about the importance of sustainable tourism. By promoting sustainability, cruise lines can appeal to environmentally conscious travelers and differentiate themselves from competitors.
Overall, these strategies can help Caribbean or sub-Caribbean destinations to sustain or increase demand in the post-COVID-19 era. However, the success of these strategies will depend on factors such as the quality of infrastructure, the level of investment, and the ability to differentiate themselves from other destinations.
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PLS SHOW ALL WORKING steps WELL PLS
Problem 3-6 Future Value of a Tax Savings [LO3] On December 30, you decide to make a $2,000 charitable donation. a. If you are in the 20.5 percent federal tax bracket, how much will you save in taxes
To calculate how much you will save in taxes from a charitable donation, you need to determine the tax savings based on your federal tax bracket.
Given:
Donation amount: $2,000
Federal tax bracket: 20.5%
To calculate the tax savings, you can multiply the donation amount by the tax bracket rate:
Tax savings = Donation amount * Tax bracket rate
= $2,000 * 0.205
= $410
Therefore, you will save $410 in taxes from your $2,000 charitable donation, assuming a federal tax bracket of 20.5%.
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The following errors occurred during 20X1. Inventory costing $3,000, purchased on December 29, FOB shipping point was not included in the ending inventory count. The inventory and related invoice arrived on January 2, 20X2. On January 2, the cost of maintaining equipment in the amount of $40,000 was debited to the Equipment account. The company depreciates equipment over four years, with no estimated salvage value. The cost of supplies purchased during the year was expensed as incurred. No adjusting entry was made for supplies costing $1,000 that were still on hand at December 31. Assume that the errors were not discovered. Complete the following tables, indicating the effect on Financial Statement categories for 20X1.
Effect on 20X1 financial statement categories
Error No. Assets Liabilities Equity Net Income
1 2 3
Effect on 20X1 Financial Statement Categories
Error No. Assets Liabilities Equity Net Income
1 Overstated Overstated
2 Overstated
3 Understated
Error No. 1: Inventory costing $3,000, purchased on December 29, FOB shipping point, was not included in the ending inventory count. This error leads to an overstatement of assets because the inventory, which should have been recorded, was not included. As a result, equity and net income are both overstated since inventory is an asset and its omission affects the calculation of net income.
Error No. 2: On January 2, the cost of maintaining equipment in the amount of $40,000 was debited to the Equipment account. This error causes an overstatement of assets because the equipment maintenance cost should have been expensed rather than capitalized. Since this error does not directly impact liabilities or equity, those categories are unaffected.
Error No. 3: The cost of supplies purchased during the year was expensed as incurred, and no adjusting entry was made for supplies costing $1,000 that were still on hand at December 31. This error results in an understatement of expenses and, consequently, an overstatement of net income. As a result, equity is also understated since net income affects the calculation of equity.
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Particulars Account Balances Dec. 31
2019 2018
Assets. $. $
Cash. 75,000 35,000
Accounts Receivable 90,000. 98,000
MerchandiseInventory 120,000. 87,000
Long-term Investment. 10,000. 15,000
Land. 30,000 20,000
325,000 255,000
Liabilities and Shareholders ' Equity
Accounts Payable 45,000 50,000
Notes Payable (short term) 35,000. 20,000
Notes Payable (Due Dec. 2007) 20,000 -
Share Capital 150,000 125,000
Retained, Earnings 75,000 60,000
325, 000 255,000
Requirement:s prepare statement showing Changes in Working Capital and Statement of Sources and Uses of funds
Working Capital is the difference between a company's present liabilities and its existing assets. The purpose of a Statement of Sources and Uses of Funds is to help companies understand how their funds are being used and whether or not they are being used efficiently.
The statement indicates how much money is being spent on different activities and which activities are contributing to the company's growth. The Changes in Working Capital is calculated by using the formula: Changes in Working Capital = Working Capital (End) - Working Capital (Beginning)As a result, the Changes in Working Capital is: Changes in Working Capital = (45,000 + 35,000 + 20,000) - (50,000 + 20,000 + 0)= 80,000 - 70,000= 10,000The Statement of Sources and Uses of Funds is made up of three parts.
Share Capital = $150,000The following is a list of uses of funds for this situation: Purchase of Land = $10,000Purchase of Merchandise Inventory = $33,000Increase in Accounts Receivable = $8,000Increase in Cash = $40,000Decrease in Accounts Payable = $5,000Increase in Short-term Notes Payable = $15,000Increase in Long-term Notes Payable = $20,000The following is the Statement of Sources and Uses of Funds: Sources of Funds Share Capital 150,000Uses of Funds Purchase of Land 10,000Purchase of Merchandise Inventory 33,000Increase in Accounts Receivable 8,000Increase in Cash 40,000Decrease in Accounts Payable 5,000Increase in Short-term Notes Payable 15,000Increase in Long-term Notes Payable 20,000Total Uses of Funds 131,000Net Increase in Funds (Sources - Uses) 19,000Opening Balance of Funds 0Closing Balance of Funds 19,000
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Regarding the Open Doors: Extending Hospitality
to Travelers with Disabilities Case Study, please answer the discussion questions below.
1. How did ODO operationalize the definition of an adult with a disability? What
arguments could you make that the definition was too inclusive or too narrow?
2. Analyze the research design’s various components. Identify any potential problems
and explain the ramifications of these design issues. Identify potential strengths of
the design.
3. What is a hybrid (dual-modality) methodology? What are the pros and cons of the
hybrid methodology used in this study?
4. Francie Turk had no prior experience with researching Americans with disabilities.
Assume you have similar background; what would you have done in the exploratory
phase of this project to become familiar with the frustrations and hurdles that adults
with disabilities face when traveling? Compare your research process with what
ODO did. What could ODO have gained from incorporating your methods?
5. Brainstorm lists of potential hotel, restaurant, and rental car accommodations to be
evaluated for adults with disabilities and create your own paired-comparison question.
During a phone interview, how quickly could you cover this question? What are the
advantages and disadvantages to using this measurement scale in the phone survey
in comparison to using it in the online survey?
6. What are the management, research, and investigative questions driving the next
Adults with Disabilities: Travel and Hospitality Study?
1. ODO operationalized the definition of an adult with a disability by defining it as follows: "A person with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a record of such an impairment, or a person who is regarded as having such an impairment. 2. The research design had various components that could be problematic. 3. A hybrid (dual-modality) methodology is a research method that combines two or more data collection methods. 4. If I had a similar background to Francie Turk, I would have conducted interviews with people with disabilities to learn more about their experiences when traveling. 5. Potential hotel, restaurant, and rental car accommodations that could be evaluated for adults with disabilities include wheelchair accessibility, the availability of braille menus or signs, and the availability of audio descriptions of movies or shows. 6. The management, research, and investigative questions driving the next Adults with Disabilities.
1. ODO operationalized the definition of an adult with a disability by defining it as follows: "A person with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a record of such an impairment, or a person who is regarded as having such an impairment."Arguments that the definition was too inclusive or too narrow are open to interpretation. Some might argue that the definition is too narrow because it doesn't include people with minor disabilities. Others might argue that it's too broad because it includes people who are only "regarded as having such an impairment."
2. The research design had various components that could be problematic. One potential issue was the reliance on self-reported data, which may be inaccurate. Additionally, the sample size was relatively small, which could limit the generalizability of the findings. One strength of the design was the use of multiple data collection methods, including online and phone surveys.
3. A hybrid (dual-modality) methodology is a research method that combines two or more data collection methods. The pros of this methodology are that it allows researchers to collect data from multiple sources, which can increase the validity of the findings. The cons are that it can be more time-consuming and expensive than other methods. In this study, the hybrid methodology was used to collect data from both online and phone surveys.
4. If I had a similar background to Francie Turk, I would have conducted interviews with people with disabilities to learn more about their experiences when traveling. I would have also conducted a literature review to learn about existing research on this topic. ODO could have gained from incorporating these methods by getting a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges that adults with disabilities face when traveling.
5. Potential hotel, restaurant, and rental car accommodations that could be evaluated for adults with disabilities include wheelchair accessibility, the availability of braille menus or signs, and the availability of audio descriptions of movies or shows. An example of a paired-comparison question is "Which hotel is more accessible for people with mobility impairments, Hotel A or Hotel B?" The advantages of using this measurement scale in a phone survey are that it's quick and easy to administer. The disadvantage is that it may be difficult to convey visual information over the phone.
6. The management, research, and investigative questions driving the next Adults with Disabilities: Travel and Hospitality Study could include questions about the effectiveness of various accessibility measures, the attitudes of hotel and restaurant staff towards people with disabilities, and the impact of COVID-19 on travel for people with disabilities.
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You want to start saving for retirement. You think you can comfortably deposit $500 per month into an investment account. You believe the account will earn a 9.25% APR, compounded monthly. You expect to retire in about 45 years. (a) How much will you have when you retire if you make your contributions at the beginning of each month? (b) How much will you have when you retire if you make your contributions at the end of each month? (c) What is the financial implication of altering your contribution timing (i.e., how much of a difference is there between the two account balances)? (1 point)
(a) When making contributions at the beginning of each month, the total amount you will have when you retire can be calculated using the future value of an ordinary annuity formula in Excel.
=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
Using the given information, the formula will look like this:
=FV(9.25%/12, 45*12, -500, 0, 1)
The result will provide the future value of the investment account when you retire.
(b) When making contributions at the end of each month, the total amount you will have when you retire can be calculated using the same future value of an ordinary annuity formula in Excel:
=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
Using the given information, the formula will look like this:
=FV(9.25%/12, 45*12, -500, 0, 0)
The result will provide the future value of the investment account when you retire.
(c) The financial implication of altering your contribution timing is reflected in the difference between the two account balances. To determine the difference, you can subtract the result from part (b) from the result from part (a). This will give you the monetary impact of contribution timing on your retirement savings.
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How might you use Porter’s five forces model and
competitive intelligence to improve your team’s performance in the
CAPSIM competition?
Porter's five forces model can be used to analyze the competitive environment of the CAPSIM competition and identify areas where a team can improve its performance.
By understanding the five forces – threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and competitive rivalry – a team can develop a better understanding of the market dynamics and make more informed decisions. Competitive intelligence, on the other hand, can provide the team with insights into the strengths and weaknesses of their competitors, their strategies, and their market position. This information can be used to create a competitive advantage by identifying gaps in the market and developing innovative solutions. By combining these two approaches, a team can gain a better understanding of the competitive landscape, make more strategic decisions, and ultimately improve their performance in the CAPSIM competition.
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3 Cobb-Douglas Production Function The Cobb-Douglas production function, in its stochastic form, may be expressed as Yi = β0Xβ22i Xβ33i eui (3)where Yi is output, X2i is labor input, X3i is capital input, ui is error term, and e is the base of natural logarithm. From equation (2), it is clear that the relationship between output and the two inputs is non-linear. However, if we log-transform this model, we obtain: ln Yi = ln β0 + β2 ln X2i + β3 ln X3i + ui = β1 + β2 ln X2i + β3 ln X3i + ui (4) where β1 is dened as β1 = ln β0. Thus the model (3) is linear in the parameters β1, β2, and β3 and is therefore a linear regression model. Assume that the classical assumptions are satised. 2(a) What is the interpretation of β2 and β3? The sum (β2 + β3) gives information about the returns to scale, that is, the response of output to a proportionate change in the inputs. If this sum is 1, then there are constant returns to scale (CRTS), that is, doubling the inputs will double the output, tripling the inputs will triple the output. If the sum is less than 1, there are decreasing returns to scale (DRTS), that is, doubling the inputs will less than double the output. Finally, if the sum is greater than 1, there are increasing returns to scale (IRTS), that is doubling the inputs will more than double the output. (b) We want to test whether there are constant returns to scale or not. Specify a null hypothesis. (c) Write down the restricted model under H0 you specied in (b). (d) Write down the unrestricted model. (e) Suppose that R2 R (R2 from the restricted model) is 0.977 and R2 U (R2 from the unrestricted model) is 0.9951. What is the test statistic? If you don't think you can calculate the test statistic using the information above, state the reason clearly
(a) The interpretation of β2 and β3 in the log-transformed model is as follows:
β2 represents the elasticity of output with respect to labor input (X2i). It indicates the percentage change in output resulting from a 1% change in labor input, holding capital input constant.β3 represents the elasticity of output with respect to capital input (X3i). It indicates the percentage change in output resulting from a 1% change in capital input, holding labor input constant.(b) The null hypothesis to test whether there are constant returns to scale is:
H0: β2 + β3 = 1
(c) The restricted model under H0 can be written as:
ln Yi = β1 + β2 ln X2i + β3 ln X3i + ui, with the constraint β2 + β3 = 1
(d) The unrestricted model is the same as the original log-transformed model:
ln Yi = β1 + β2 ln X2i + β3 ln X3i + ui
(e) The test statistic to compare the restricted and unrestricted models is the F-statistic. However, the F-statistic cannot be calculated solely based on the given information. To calculate the F-statistic, we would need additional information such as the number of observations, the degrees of freedom, and the residual sum of squares for both the restricted and unrestricted models.
The Cobb-Douglas production function allows us to analyze the relationship between output and inputs in a non-linear form. By log-transforming the model, we can estimate the parameters in a linear regression framework. The interpretation of β2 and β3 provides insights into the responsiveness of output to changes in labor and capital inputs. To test for constant returns to scale, we can specify a null hypothesis and compare the restricted and unrestricted models using the F-statistic. However, without additional information, we cannot calculate the test statistic in this case.
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The foreign purchases effect suggests that an increase in the Bahrain's price level relative to other countries will O A. decrease both Bahrain's imports and Bahrain's exports. OB. increase both Bahra
An increase in bahrain's price level relative to other countries will decrease both bahrain's imports and bahrain's exports.
the foreign purchases effect suggests that an increase in bahrain's price level relative to other countries will decrease both bahrain's imports and bahrain's exports. this effect is based on the principle of price competitiveness in international trade.
when the price level in bahrain rises compared to other countries, it makes bahrain's goods and services relatively more expensive in the global market. as a result, foreign consumers will be less willing to purchase bahrain's exports because they can find similar products at lower prices from other countries. this leads to a decrease in bahrain's exports.
similarly, an increase in bahrain's price level makes imported goods relatively cheaper for bahraini consumers compared to domestically produced goods. this prompts consumers to shift their preferences towards imported goods, leading to a decrease in bahrain's domestic production and hence a decrease in imports. this is because higher prices reduce competitiveness and negatively impact the trade balance by reducing exports and increasing imports.
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jordan carpets is considering expanding from the united states to spain. what problems may be faced by american supervisors relocating to spain?
There are several potential problems that American supervisors may face when relocating to Spain for the expansion of Jordan Carpets.
Firstly, language barriers could pose a challenge, as Spanish is the primary language spoken in Spain. While many Spanish citizens do speak English, it may be difficult for supervisors who are not fluent in Spanish to effectively communicate with local employees or navigate day-to-day life in the country.
Another potential issue is culture shock. Spain has a unique culture with different customs, values, and ways of doing business than what American supervisors may be accustomed to. For example, Spanish work hours are typically longer than in the United States and the pace of work may be slower. Additionally, there may be differences in business etiquette and communication styles.
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