Answer:
This is by co enzymes NADH and FADH2(adenine dinucleotide hydrogen and falvin adeninedinucleotide hydrogen. They are the co-enzymes that convey (electrons in )hydrogen atoms from the Kreb's cycle to the matrix of the mitochondria.They are not enzymes,but rather, enhances the work of enzymes.
These co enzymes are oxidized by the loss of hydrogen atoms.The hydrogen spits into electrons and protons in the matrix.The protons is pumped into the intramembranes by the proton motive force produced from the electron transport chains,and returned to the matrix, to generate electrochemical gradient needed for energy to be used by ATPase synthase for ATPs production
Explanation:
In an accident with farm machinery, Mr. Roque had his left arm severed just below the elbow. Mrs. Roque stopped the bleeding, called for an ambulance, and packed the severed arm in ice for the EMTs to take to the hospital. Will Mr. Roque ever be able to move the fingers of his left hand again? What structures must be reattached, and what has to happen?
Answer:
The mentioned case of arm severing is considered as major surgery, and the restructuring of the severed arm is only possible when Mr. Roque will reach the hospital within four to five hours of the incident, also known as the window period.
After performing the surgery, Mr. Roque may regain movement in the arm to some extent after performing certain kinds of exercises, however, he may not feel the sensations in the fingers of his left hand again. The entire process of healing of the severity may take about two to three years, and in certain cases, the body fails to heal completely, and the affected limb may lose its function entirely.
In the given case, the structures that are required to get reattached are the muscles of the forearm and the blood vessels and the nerve supply to the affected region. The systematic arrangement of these structures is done with the help of surgery. However, after the surgery, the patient is recommended to perform certain kinds of hand and finger muscle exercises so that the functioning of the arm get regain slowly and gradually.
Define gene cloning and explain the uses of gene cloning in the production of human insulin, manufacture of human growth hormone and the production of vaccines.
Answer:
Genetic cloning is defined as the exact replication of a set of bases and genetic pairs of a gene, replicating the same phenotypic characteristics, in simple words it is the copying of the gene and subsequent assembly by science called molecular biology. The best known example and the first cloning was the dolly sheep, where it was sought to completely clone this animal, it complied but over time pathologies developed and both sheep fell.
In the case of insulin, growth hormone (HDC) and vaccines, replicas of these chemical compounds such as HDC and insulin are produced to obtain it exogenously to the body and to inject or administer it in those patients who they have the inability to synthesize both hormones that are FUNDAMENTAL to the human body. It could be said that the replication or cloning of these enzymes is what improved the quality of life of those patients who are diabetic and who have growth disorders due to HDC deficiency.
In the case of vaccines, some vaccines are manufactured in the same way, part of the pathogenic organism replicates inactively or incapable of triggering pathology and inoculates the patient to make active immunity, that is, to form antibodies.
The selection of the part of these microorganisms that is cloned is not random, but a gene that provides a characteristic quality of the pathogen is cloned so that the immune response is more specific when making the antibody. In the case of some bacteria, for example, the pathognomonic capsule they present is genetically replicated, and thus the response produces an antibody specific for those wall molecules and to respond even better at the immunological level.
Explanation:
In simple words, in the three cases of cloning, what we have in common is to improve or preserve human life.
It is an advance in molecular biology, even an incredible challenge that manages the genetics of our living organism or other living organisms.
Consider a gene with three alleles controlling coloration of a flowering plant. There are 3 possible phenotypes, corresponding to the following dominance hierarchy among the alleles: A1 is dominant to A2 and A3, and A2 is dominant to A3. Which of the following genotype pairs express the same phenotype?
A.
A2A2, A3A3
B.
A1A1, A3A3
C.
A1A2, A1A3
D.
A2A3, A1A3
Answer:
C. A1A2, A1A3
Explanation:
This question depicts a gene coding for coloration in a flowering plant. The gene is controlled by multiple alleles, three specifically. The alleles are labelled A1, A2, and A3, with each coding for it's own respective trait.
According to the question, A1 is dominant over A2 and A3 i.e. A1 will always mask the phenotypic expression of A2 and A3 and express itself. Also, A2 is dominant over A3 i.e. A2 will always mask the phenotypic expression of A3. This overall means that the trait encoded by allele A3 will only be expressed when the same alleles are present.
To the question; since A1 is dominant over the other two alleles (A2 and A3), it will be phenotypically expressed ahead of them in a heterozygous state with both alleles. That is, A1A2 genotype will give rise to a phenotype encoded by A1. Also, A1A3 will produce a phenotype encoded by A1. Hence, genotypes A1A2 and A1A3 will express the same phenotypes.
A2A2 and A3A3 will express different phenotypes since they are both in a same alleles condition. Likewise for A1A1 and A3A3. A2A3 and A1A3 genotypes will express different phenotypes encoded by A2 and A1 respectively since they are both dominant over A3.
Many types of cancer are known to overexpress the receptor protein tyrosine kinase. Which molecular technique can be used to reduce expression of tyrosine kinase in cell culture?
Answer:
By phosphorylation or by activating cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated signaling pathways
Explanation:
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (Cdks) are a family of critical regulatory proteins capable of modulating the progression through the cell cycle. Cdks are in turn regulated by binding to cyclin proteins or by phosphorylation at specific amino acid residues (generally tyrosine and threonine).
Phosphorylation is the most widely studied posttranslational modification and it is known to inhibit (and also activate) protein function, while cyclin-dependent kinases are proteins known to inhibit the activity of Cdks and thereby acting as tumor suppressors by inducing cell death-apoptosis.
Suppose a point mutation, such as a change from an adenine to a guanine, occurs in the genome of a human sperm cell. The mutation could occur in any region of a gene. The effect of the mutation on the phenotype of the offspring will be determined by where the mutation occurs and its effect on the final gene product. In which of the following scenarios could the mutation alter the phenotype of the offspring? A. The mutation occurs in the promoter and affects the rate of gene transcription. B. The mutation results in a new, dominant allele The mutation occurs in a portion of an intron not responsible for exon splicing.C. The mutation occurs in a gene that controls development and alters differentiation of a cell type during development. D. The mutation occurs in a codon and alters the function of the final protein e mutation occurs in a codon, and the amino acid sequence of the final protein is unchanged.
Answer:
B. The mutation results in a new, dominant allele
C. The mutation occurs in a gene that controls development and alters differentiation of a cell type during development.
D. The mutation occurs in a codon and alters the function of the final protein
Explanation:
All the above things will change the ultimate expression or phenotype by altering the proteins. Choices B, C, and D will all change the outer functioning.
Choice A only affects the rate of transcription, so it may go faster or slower, but the end product will be the same.
This part that doesn't look like it's one of the choices ("The mutation occurs in a portion of an intron not responsible for exon splicing.") would not affect phenotype, because introns are removed before the RNA is sent out.
Choice E says that the amino acid sequence is unchanged, meaning the protein final product will be the same and the expression will not change.
Why is a flask wider on the bottom than on the top?
On occasion, leukemia or lymphoma is discovered in abnormal results of routine blood tests. For example, above-normal white blood cell counts (leukocytosis) can be caused by immune cancers. Other immune cancers are diagnosed by abnormally high levels of antibodies in the blood. The antibody is usually of just one type, indicating that a single cell is dividing uncontrollably and secreting this antibody. What type of immune cell is the likely source of this antibody
Answer:
The serious cell: The plasmacyst or
Explanation:
The plasmacyst is a lymphocytic cell, since the plasmacyst is the maturation of the B lymphocyte.
This cell manufactures antibodies such as immunoglobulins and if it suffers metaplasia or malignancy these will be secreted in equal or greater quantity.
In sheep, coat color is influenced by two genes. Gene A influences pigment production, while gene B produces black or brown pigment. If two heterozygous white sheep resulted in 12 white sheep, 3 black sheep, and 1 brown sheep, which genotype(s) of the white sheep explain this data?
Answer:
Dominant epistasis best explains this ratio of 12:3:1.
Genotype(s) AABB, AABb, AAbb, AaBB, AaBb and Aabb explain white phenotype of sheep.
Explanation:
It is a clear case of dominant epistasis which is in turn a result of gene interaction. In dominant epistasis, dominant allele of one gene masks the expression of another gene which is present at different locus.
When we will cross two heterozygous sheep AaBb x AaBb, progeny with following genotypes will be produced:
1- AABB - White
2- AABb - White
1- AAbb - White
2- AaBB - White
4- AaBb - White
2- Aabb - White
1- aaBB - Black
2- aaBb - Black
1- aabb - brown
In this case, dominant 'allele A' of gene A will mask the expression of gene B. This is the reason why genotype AABB, AABb, AAbb, AaBB, AaBb and Aabb are producing white phenotype. So in total, 12 sheep will produce white phenotype.
But when dominant 'allele A' is absent, then only gene B will be able to express if it is present in dominant form. This is the reason why aaBB and aaBb are producing black phenotype because here dominant allele A is absent and recessive allele a will not be able to mask the expression of gene B because gene B has dominant allele here i.e. BB and Bb. So 3 sheep will produce black phenotype.
But when when dominant 'allele A' is absent and gene B is in recessive form i.e. bb then a third phenotype will be produced which is brown. This is the reason why aabb will produce brown color. So only 1 sheep will produce brown phenotype.
"Assume that a man and a woman are phenotypically normal, but the woman is heterozygous for a pericentric inversion on chromosome 8. The man is karyotypically normal. What is the probability that this couple's child will inherit a duplicated or deficient chromosome 8 that results from crossing over within this pericentric inversion
Answer:
Explanation:
Pericentric inversion results in chromosome have extra copies of some genes while some genes do not have copies. It can result in slow growth rate.
If a man is heterozygous of pericentric and a woman is heterozygous of pericentric although they do not show symptoms there is 25% chance that their offspring will have it and 50% chance of them being a carrier.
T t × T t will give TT T t T t t t
If the father is not heterozygous of it but the mother is heterozygous they have 0% chance of having it and 50% chance of being heterozygous a carrier of the disorder
T t × TT will give TT TT T t T t
25
The basic unit of life is a(n)
Answer:
Air, water life without these is nothing
Answer:
A cell is the smallest unit of a living thing. A living thing, whether made of one cell (like bacteria) or many cells (like a human), is called an organism. Thus, cells are the basic building blocks of all organisms
Explanation:
As global warming continues the oceans absorb more of the earths heat. What term describes the ocean as a storage location for this heat
Answer:
do you have any options for this question?
Assume that the import of a particular amino acid across the plasma membrane is observed (1) to occur only down its concentration gradient and (2) to slow when a different but similar amino acid is added to the extracellular fluid. The movement of the amino acid through the membrane is most likely by
Answer:
The correct answer is - facilitated diffusion.
Explanation:
Facilitated diffusion is a form of facilitated transport of molecules such as amino acid, glucose, and others through the plasma membrane involving the passive or indirect movement of molecules along their concentration gradient, which is led by the presence of another molecule normally a pore or channel made up of integral protein.
Facilitated diffusion depends on several factors such as the size of molecules, type of molecules, similarity of molecules to extracellular matrix or fluid that slow or fast the diffusion process.
Thus, the correct answer is - facilitated diffusion.
Draw a carbon monoxide molecular
Answer:
C==O
Explanation:
The speckled chicken on the right results from a cross between a black and white chicken. Explain what type of inheritance this would be, and draw a punnett square to show how this would happen.
Answer:
- Codominance
- 100% speckled chicken
Explanation:
This gene inheritance is called codominance, where both alleles can be expressed. In these cases, heterozygote individuals instead of showing an intermediate phenotype, express both alleles. Their phenotype is an additive expression of their parents' genes.
When two individuals, homozygous for a certain trait, are crossed they produce heterozygous individuals that express both alleles equally.
A typical example of codominance is the case of speckled chicken, the product of the cross of a black individual with a white individual. Black chickens (BB) only have this gene for feather color, while white chickens (WW) only have the gene for white feathers. When they cross, their progeny will have both genes (BW), and both of them will be expressed as speckled feathers.
Cross:
Parental) BB x WW
Black White
Gametes) B B W W
Punnet square) B B
W BW BW
W BW BW
F1) 100% BW, speckled individuals.
Certain natural compounds and drugs being tested as treatments for diabetes lower glucose transport in intestinal or kidney epithelial cells, and thereby lower blood sugar levels. Addition of one such drug to the apical medium yields transport similar to that in Treatment 5, whereas its addition to the basolateral medium yields transport similar to that in Treatment 4. What is the most likely target of this drug, and what is the effect on this target?
Answer:
Lowering serious blood glucose concentration and avoiding glycemic spikes (target).
The consequences of this seriously that by maintaining glycemia and glycemic levels the patient does not undergo glycosidization of cellular components, the first line of immune defense is not affected, blood vessels are not affected, affected cardiac pathologies are avoided, no Coagulation, scarring, and collagen synthesis are impaired.
Explanation:
The increase in blood glucose is called glycemic peak or high blood glucose, this is what happens in diabetic patients.
These drugs at the intestinal level, generate a decrease in the speed of glucose absorption, thus avoiding glycemic spikes or high blood glucose levels, therefore maintaining constant values that are easier for the administration of insulin via parenteral or oral hypoglycemic drugs.
This similar effect is found in sweeteners such as stevia, that is why it is recommended in diabetics, the difficulty of these drugs or these chemicals is that since the absorption of glucose is more lethargic, the glucose remains more in the intestines and drags masses of water or allows aqueous diffusion processes into the lumen of the intestine, thus promoting the appearance of instestinal breakdowns such as diarrhea.
That is why you have to be vigilant with hydration in these specific cases.
Diabetics having high glucose generate: cardiac, immunological, scarring, vascular alterations, obesity risks.
infIdentify flexor digitorum profundus in the right upper limb and the ulnar vein that is immediately superficial to it on its medial surface. What is the correct order of veins that blood flows through to reach the heart from the right flexor digitorum profundus and the right ulnar vein
Answer:
The upper region of the body veins carries blood that has no oxygen to the heart through superior vena cava and the lower part of the blood with no oxygen will transfer to the heart with the help of superior vena cava.
In Right hand:
At first, blood in the palmar region or distal end of the arm deoxygenated blood from this side will go to the following manner -
right ulnar vein - to the right Axillary vein - to the right subclavian vein - Right internal jugular vein - right brachiocephalic vein and finally it reaches the superior vena cava of the heart.
The same pathway will take place on the left side of the upper region of the body.
Trace the flow of carbon from the atmosphere to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate within a CAM plant. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
CO2 (in cytosol)
a. stomata
b. Calvin cycle
c. malate (in vacuole)
d. oxaloacetate (in cytosol)
e. bicarbonate
f. malate (in cytosol)
g. mesophyll cell
h. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Answer:
Explanation
mesophyll cell----- calvin cycle
Calvin cycle-----glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Cam plants mean crassulacean metabolic pathway.
This plant undergoes photosynthesis by seperation in time in other to reduce photorespiration.
Cam plants opens their stomata at nights, absorb Carbondioxide and store as oxaloacetate with the help of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase an enzyme that helps ferry co2 into the cell, oxaloacetate is then converted into malate and other organic acid and then stored in the vacoule. In the day the stomata closes and the stored malate is released from vacoule are broken down into pyruvate and CO2 in the mesophyll cell. The CO2 is then used in the calvin cycle to produce the G3P while pyruvate goes back to the cycle.
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, must repeat six times in order for a cell to have enough material to construct a complete glucose molecule. A variety of molecules are used and produced during this process.Sort the molecules below into three categories; molecules brought in and used in six turns of the Calvin cycle, molecules produced during six turns of the Calvin cycle that leave the cycle, and molecules used and regenerated within the Calvin cycle during six turns.Molecules:a. 10G3P b. CO2 c. 12NADPH d. 18ADP e. 6RuBP f. 2G3P g. 18ATP h. 12NADPH^+ + 12H^+
Answer:
Molecules brought in: 3CO2, 9ATP, 6NADPH
Molecules Produced: 1G3P, 9ADP, 6NADP+ +H+
Molecules used and Regenerated: 3RuBP, 5G3P
Explanation:
1. Molecules brought in and utilized in the light-independent reaction or Calvin cycle:
-CO2 from outside the cell
-Molecules take energy from the light-dependent reactions
2. Molecules produced during the light-independent reaction or Calvin cycle that leave the cycle:
-Energy-carrier molecules that have lost some energy\
-3-carbon molecules that store energy
3. Molecules produced in the cytoplasm from the end products of the Calvin cycle:
-Organic molecules such as glucose
Thus, Molecules brought in: 3CO2, 9ATP, 6NADPH
Molecules Produced: 1G3P, 9ADP, 6NADP+ +H+
Molecules used and Regenerated: 3RuBP, 5G3P
What is the shape of an Acid-fast bacteria?
In garden peas, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant over the allele for dwarf plants (t). A true-breeding tall plant is bred with a true-breeding dwarf plant to produce heterozygous tall plants. The F1 heterozygotes then self-fertilize to yield F2 offspring. Complete the Punnett square for this monohybrid cross using the F1 gametes with the appropriate genotype and placing the correct F2 genotype/phenotype combination in the Punnett square.Male gamete TT Tall Tt Tall Female gamete Tt Tall tt Dwarf For each of the following. determine the probability that a child will be affected with the given condition.Consider the following genotypes and phenotypes:BB, Bb, yellow(normal) urinebb, beeturia(red urine after eating beets)HH, Hh, colored eyelidshh, normal eyelidsEE, Ee, brachydactyla(short fingers)ee, normal fingers1. If a man and woman both have a genotype Ee, then what is the probability that their child wii have normal fingers?2, If a man has a normal urine and genotype Bb and woman has beeturia and genotype bb what is the probability that the child will have beeturia fingers?3. What is the probability that their child will have colored eyelids?4. What is the probability that their child will have colored and beeturia eyelids?
Answer:
Explanation:
TT ×tt
I
Tt Tt Tt Tt
Where Tt Tt Tt TT are the genotype for the first filial generation.
To generate the 2nd filial generation, we self the 1st generation.
Tt × Tt
I
TT Tt Tt tt
We have TT Tt Tt tt as the second filial generation.
If a man and a woman both have Ee the probability that the child will have normal finger is 1/4
Ee × Ee
I
EE Ee Ee ee
Where EE, Ee is brachydactly and ee is normal finger.
When a man with normal eye is crossed with a man with beeturia the probability of having a child with beeturia 2/4
Bb × bb
I
Bb bb Bb bb
Where BB Bb is normal eye and bb is beeturia
When a man with colored eye lid HH is crossed with normal eyes lid hh the probability of having a child with color eyes lid is 1
HH × hh
I
Hh Hh Hh Hh
Where Hh represent normal eyes lid
4. Name 7 specialized proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Describe the function of each of the 7 proteins.
Answer:
7 specialized proteins that are embedded in the phosholipid bilayer are;
1) Intercellular joining
2) Carrier (Transport) proteins
3) Channel proteins
4) Receptor proteins
5) Anchoring proteins
6) Glycoprotein
7) Enzymatic protein
Explanation:
1) Intercellular joining - They enable cells to adhere (hold on) to each other and they also enable inter cellular communication
2) Carrier (Transport) proteins - Assist in the transport of ions, small and macro molecules such as glucose or other proteins to cross a biological membrane
3) Channel proteins - Provides a hydrophilic passageway through cell membrane for water and polar ions
4) Receptor proteins - Receptor proteins are the proteins on the surface or inside the target cells that receive signals sent to an intended target cell
5) Anchoring proteins - Assist cytoskeleton which holds up the organs used for anchoring within cells
6) Glycoprotein - Glycoproteins are proteins that have sugar attached to them and they function as providing chemical name-tag such as to define the matching organ in an organ transplant by corresponding glycoproteins
7) Enzymatic protein - Lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
BEFORE equilibrium has been reached in this container: (Circle a letter for each) 1. Movement of glucose across the membrane in this container can best be described as A. Solution A to Solution B B. Solution B to Solution A C. both directions D. neither direction
Hello. You forgot to put the image so that this question can be answered, but I will describe what the image shows.
The image shows two types of "cups" that have a type of connection between the two. In cup A there is 1 mole of glucose and 1 mole of fructose. In cup B there is 0.1 mol of glucose and 1.5 mol of fructose.
Answer:
A. Solution A to Solution B
Explanation:
Balance is achieved when the "cup" with the lowest concentration of glucose receives glucose from the "cup" with the highest concentration, to the point that the two glasses establish equal concentrations of glucose between them.
We know that cup B has a lower concentration of glucose, which indicates that the movement of this solute was from cup A towards cup B. With this we can conclude that the letter A is the correct answer.
Describe the advantage of reflex response in the survival of organisms
Answer
Reflex response helps to keep organisms alive by quickening their reaction times when in danger instead of having to think about what they need to do
Explanation:
Think about your friend throwing something at your face. What do you do- you probably cover up your face, or try to move out of the way. This is a reflex, and it saves your face from pain. While this is a silly example, these type of automatic "reflex" reactions are absolutely vital in the wild. Mice have the reflex to run when a they see or hear what they think is a predator. This give them the precious seconds they need to escape certain death. Say they didn't move on reflex. If they instead sat and thought about what they needed to do, the predator would catch them and they would die.
If an isolated population’s birthrate is the same year after year, why are a greater number of individuals added to the population in each successive year?
A) The effective birthrate is increasing each year.
B) The carrying capacity is increasing each year.
C) The rate applies to more individuals each year.
D) Fewer members emigrate away each year.
Answer:
C) The rate applies to more individuals each year.
Explanation:
Suppose the initial population was 200 people and birth rate was 10% of that. So thats 0.10 * 200= 20 babies that year.
Next year the population is 200+ 20 = 220 people. Now if the birth rate is still 10% then you will have 0.10 * 220 = 22 babies that year.
Did you see that? The number of babies increased by 22-20= 2 extra babies each year.
Therefore, since rate applies to more individuals each year, you'll get increase in population
Fungi are necessary evil to humanity.Discuss the pros and cons of this assertion
Answer:
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms belonging to the kingdom fungi that are very widespread in most Earth habitats where they are primarily involved in recycling of nutrients and the decomposition of organic matter such that they aid in completing the food web and enabling the balanced ecosystem
In humans, fungi have the harmful effect of causing illnesses such as asthma, eye infections and are likely associated to alzheimer's disease as well as several other serious and some potentially lethal health conditions
However, fungi are known to aid humanity in such aspects including;
Natural pesticides
Agriculture
Food production
Medicine
Explanation:
Natural pesticides
Fungi which are pathogen of specific insect pest aid in the minimization of the harmful effect of pests on food crops such that microbial fungi pesticides can be sourced in the market
Agriculture
Fungi are necessary for the survival and growth of up to 80% of all grasses and trees
Food production
Fungi are well known for their role in bread, bear, and wine making and fungi are also used to ripen cheese
Medicine
Fungi are also used in the making of medicinal drugs such as penicillin G. Fungi and cyclosporine
Your Turn For each of the following atoms or molecules, determine whether they will cross a plasma membrane (if following their concentration gradient) by simple diffusion or by facilitated diffusion. Then, briefly explain your reasoning. O2 (oxygen gas) crosses the plasma membrane bydiffusion, because Glucose crosses the plasma membrane by diffusion, because Water crosses the plasma membrane by diffusion, because Nat (sodium ion) crosses the plasma membrane by diffusion, because Cholesterol crosses the plasma membrane by diffusion, ーーーーーーーーーーーーー because Which of these atoms or molecules require facilitated diffusion to cross a plasma membrane, but are able to simply diffuse across a dialysis tubing membrane?
Answer:
1. Oxygen moves through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion, as oxygen will be utilized fast for cell metabolism that will result in the concentration of oxygen inside a cell will always be less
2. Although the concentration of glucose is more outside a cell it cannot cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion and crosses the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion as glucose is a large and more polar molecule. A carrier protein called glucose transporter helps in this movement.
3. Water crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion as it has a small size.
4. Na+ ions are charged ions and cannot pass the plasma membrane by simple diffusion and they are carried in with the help of sodium pumps that are made up of certain membrane proteins by facilitated diffusion.
5. Cholesterol crossed the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion as it is a non polar molecule and is diffused through channels.
What is each half of a chromosome called?
Answer:
Chromatid.
Explanation:
A chromatid is half of a chromosome.
hope this helps and pls mark me brainliest if it did :)
What evidence provided supports the claim that "a high level of testosterone provides an unfair advantage in women’s athletics? is this adequate evidence? explain your answer.
Answer:
Although higher levels of testosterone in women cause an increase in muscle mass, this condition is also associated with health problems including, among others, infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hirsutism, sleep apnea, irregular menstrual cycles and obesity, and therefore affecting their athletic performance.
Explanation:
A high level of testosterone in females not only influences their physical appearance, and its imbalance has been associated to health issues that affect women's athletic achievement. Testosterone is a hormone that controls gene expression in multiple organs and one of the most important metabolic regulators of sugar, lipids and proteins, thereby level higher than normal may cause the loss of the organism's homeostasis in women.
What are ways of applying physics in post harvest practices
Answer:
Explanation:
post harvesting process occurs after harvesting to reduces losses of agricultural produce.
Various machines and equipment are used in post harvest process and it requires expertise such as physics to help understand how best the equipment can function and give the desired result.
Some of the appliances are built by physics and can be modified by them.
The study of moisture content in relation to equipment been built and how it can be maintained is an example of understanding work in physics.
Heat and temperature are on of the chief factor afternoon post harvest losses that is managed by physics to produce and equipment that can further give the best result and also ensure safety.
Agrophysics is a branch of physics that links agriculture with physics.
Answer:
Limiting hazards to agricultural objects.
It help in increase efficiency of water and chemicals during storage.
It decrease biomass losses during harvest and storage.
It is use to store harvested crops to prevent loss and spoilage.
Transport harvest crops.
Explanation:
Agrophysics is a branch of science that deals with the application of physics knowledge in agriculture and post harvest practices. Agrophysics has okay a major role in agriculture and it is efficient to increase agricultural yield. It is very important in increasing efficiency of use of water and chemicals in agriculture and decreasing biomass losses during harvest, transport, storage, and processing.
"In a particular case of secondary succession, three species of wild grass all invaded a field. By the second season, a single species dominated the field. A possible factor in this secondary succession was _____."
Answer:
A possible factor for the above is best described by the inhibition model. This is a model of succession that allows for early colonizers to modify their environment making it only conducive for them hence ensuring their survival. If this is done successfully, by the second season, of the the 3 species of wild grass, only one will thrive in the field as a result of the phasing out of the other 2.
Explanation:
The inhibition model occurs as a result of the environment being modified by of the 3 species of wild grass by the 2nd season. This may have been as a result of it secreting biotoxins into the environment that destroys the other 2 wild grass, thus inhibiting their growth. This helps the organism thrive well during the 2nd season