Case Study # 1: Cadbury Crisis Management (Worm Controversy)

In India chocolate consumption was very low in the early 90’s but as the decade advanced the consumption drastically increased. The late 90’s witnessed a good chocolate market condition. The chocolate market in India is dominated by two multinational companies – Cadbury and Nestle. The national companies – Amul and Campco are other candidates in this race. Cadbury holds more than 70% of the total share of the market. Nestle has emerged by holding almost 20% of the total share. Apart from chocolate segment, there is also a big confectionery segment which is flooded by companies like Parry’s, Ravalgaon, Candico and Nutrine. All these are leading national players. The multinational companies like the Cadbury, Nestle and Perfetti are the new entrants in the sugar confectionery market. (Management paradise) There are several others which have a minor share in these two segments. According to statistics, the chocolate consumption in India is extremely low. If per capita consumption is considered, it comes to only 160gms in the urban areas. This amount is very low compared to the developed countries where the per capita consumption is more than 8-10kg. Observing this fact it would not be appropriate to consider the rural areas of India as it will be extremely low. This low consumption is owing to the notion behind consuming chocolates. Indians eat chocolates as indulgence and not as snack food. The major target population is the children. India has witnessed a slow growth rate of about 10% pa from the 70’s to the 80’s. But as the century advanced the market stagnated. This was the time when Cadbury launched its product- Dairy Milk as an anytime product rather than an occasional luxury. All the advertisements of Dairy Milk paid a full attention to adults and not children. And this proved to be the major breakthrough for Cadbury as it tried to break the conventional ideas of the Indians about chocolate.

The Worm Controversy
On October 2003, just a month before Diwali, the Food and Drug Administration Commissioner received complaints about infestation in two bars of Cadbury Dairy Milk, Cadbury India’s flagship brand with over 70% market share. He ordered an enquiry and went directly to the media with a statement. Over the following 3-week period, resultant adverse media coverage touched close to 1000 clips in print and 120 on TV news channels. In India, where Cadbury is synonymous with chocolate, the company’s reputation and credibility was under intense scrutiny. Sales volumes came down drastically in the first 10 weeks, which was the festival season; retailer stocking and display dropped, employee morale – especially that of the sales team – was shaken.

The challenge was to restore confidence in the key stakeholders (consumers, trade and employees, particularly the sales team) and build back credibility for the corporate brand through the same channels (the media) that had questioned it. In defense, Cadbury issued a statement that the infestation was not possible at the manufacturing stage and poor storage at the retailers was the most likely cause of the reported case of worms. But the FDA didn’t buy that. FDA commissioner, Uttam Khobragade told CNBC-TV18, “It was presumed that worms got into it at the storage level, but then what about the packing – packaging was not proper or airtight, either ways it’s a manufacturing defect with unhygienic conditions or improper packaging.” That was followed by allegations and counter-allegations between Cadbury and FDA. The heat of negative publicity melted Cadbury’s sales by 30 per cent, at a time when it sees a festive spike of 15 per cent. For the first time, Cadbury’s advertising went off air for a month and a half after Diwali, following the controversy. Consumers seemed to ignore their chocolate cravings.

Question:

1. How will the Cadbury can restore the confidence of the consumer?
Make an elaborate plan on how you are going to do it. Use the Decision-making Process. a) Diagnose problem
b) Analyze environment
c) Articulate problem or opportunity d) Develop viable alternatives
e) Evaluate alternatives f) Make a choice
g) Implement decision
h) Evaluate and adapt decision results

Answers

Answer 1
H is the answer
Step by step

Related Questions

What happens to resistance in the strain gage and voltage drop from a connected Wheatstone bridge if you were to pull the strain gauge along the long axis

Answers

The resistance and voltage drop will still increase but at a smaller rate than the intended axis such as the long axis.

The roof of a house has three layers: (1) 2 inch thick pine, (2) 4 inches of fiberglass insulation and (3) 0.1 inch thick Asphalt shingles. Calculate the rate of flow of heat (BTU/hour) through the roof. The temperature inside the house is 700F and the temperature outside is 300F. The R/inch for pine is 1.28, the R/inch for fiberglass is 3.0 and the R/inch for Shingles is 4.0. Take the area of the roof to be 500 square feet. The Unit of R is mixed: ft2 . 0F.h/BTU

Answers

Answer:

the rate of flow of heat through the roof is 45616.858 BTU/hr

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

pin thickness [tex]t_p[/tex] = 2 in

fiber glass thickness [tex]t_f[/tex] = 4 in

Asphalt shingles thickness [tex]t_a[/tex] = 0.1 in

R/inch for pine = 1.28

R/inch for fiberglass = 3.0

R/inch for Shingles = 4.0

Temperature inside the house [tex]T_{inside[/tex] = 700 F

Temperature outside the house [tex]T_{outside[/tex] = 300 F

area of the roof A = 500 ft²

we calculate the total Resistance;

R = ( 2 × 1.28 ) + ( 4 × 3.0 ) + ( 0.1 × 4.0 )

R = 2.56 + 12 + 0.4

R = 14.96

Now, we determine the rate of heat flow;

dQ/dt = ΔT(A) / R

⇒ ( [tex]T_{inside[/tex] - [tex]T_{outside[/tex] )A / R

we substitute

⇒ (( 700 - 300 ) × 500 ) / 14.96

⇒ ( 400 × 500 ) / 14.96

⇒ 200000 / 14.96

⇒ 13368.98 watt

we know that 1 watt = 3.412142 BTU/hr

⇒ ( 13368.98 × 3.412142 ) BTU/hr

45616.858 BTU/hr

Therefore, the rate of flow of heat through the roof is 45616.858 BTU/hr

Air at 40C flows over a 2 m long flat plate with a free stream velocity of 7 m/s. Assume the width of the plate (into the paper) is 0.5 m. If the plate is at a constant temperature of 100C, find:

Answers

Complete Question

Air at 40C flows over a 2 m long flat plate with a free stream velocity of 7m/s. Assume the width of the plate (into the paper) is 0.5 m. If the plate is at a co temperature of 100C,find:

The total heat transfer rate from the plate to the air

Answer:

[tex]q=1.7845[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Air Temperature [tex]T_1=40c[/tex]

Length [tex]l=2m[/tex]

Velocity [tex]v=7m/s[/tex]

Width [tex]w=0.5[/tex]

Constant temperature [tex]T_t= 100C[/tex]

Generally the equation for Total heat Transfer is mathematically given by

 [tex]q=hA(T_s-T_\infty)[/tex]

Where

h=Convective heat transfer coefficient

 [tex]h=29.9075w/m^2k[/tex]

Therefore

 [tex]q=h(L*B)(T_s-T_\infty)[/tex]

 [tex]q=29.9075*(2*0.5)(100+273-(40+273))[/tex]

 [tex]q=1794.45w[/tex]

 [tex]q=1.7845[/tex]

I ran across this symbol in some Electrical wiring documents and I am unaware of what this means. Any help?

Answers

Answer:

Opened Push-button Switch (i.e. a PTM Switch)

Explanation:

Tha's just another symbol for a switch, but this one specifies that the switch is a push-button type of switch.

Since it's not touching and completing the line, the state of the switch is initially open.

A 2400-lb rear-wheel drive tractor carrying 900 lb of gravel starts from rest and accelerates forward at 3ft/s2. Determine the reaction at each of the two (a) rear wheels A, (b) front wheels B.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The missing diagram attached to the question is shown in the attached file below:

The very first thing we need to do in other to solve this question is to determine the mass of both the tractor and the mass of the gravel

For tractor, the mass is:

[tex]m_1 = \dfrac{2400 \ lb }{32.2 \ ft/s^2}[/tex]

[tex]m_1 = 74.53 \ lb.s^2/ft[/tex]

For gravel, the mass is:

[tex]m_2 = \dfrac{900 \ lb}{32.2 \ft/s^2}[/tex]

[tex]m_2 = 27.95 \ lb.s^2/ft[/tex]

From the diagram, let's consider the force along the horizontal components and vertical components;

So,

[tex]\sum F_x = ma_x \\ \\ 2F = (m_1+m_2) a \\ \\ F = \dfrac{1}{2}(74.53 4 + 27.950)lb.s^2/ft(2 \ ft/s^2) \\ \\ F = 102.484 \ lb[/tex]

[tex]\sum F_y = 0 \\ \\ 2N_A+2N_B - 2400 -900 = 0 \\ \\ N_A +N_B = 1650 \ lb[/tex]

Consider the algebraic sum of moments in the plane of A, with counter-clockwise moments being positive.

[tex]\sum M_A = I_o \alpha + \sum ma (d) \\ \\ = -2400 (20) + 2N_B (60) -900(110) = 0 - (74.534)(2)(20) - (27.950)(2)(40)[/tex]

[tex]=-48000 + 2N_B (60) -99000 = -2981.36-2236 \\ \\ = + 2N_B (60) = -2981.36-2236+48000+99000 \\ \\ = + 2N_B (60) = 141782.64 \\ \\ N_B = \dfrac{141782.64}{120} \\ \\ N_B = 1181.522 \ lb[/tex]

Replacing the value of 1181.522 lb for [tex]N_B[/tex] in equation (1)

[tex]N_A[/tex] + 1181.522 lb = 1650 lb

[tex]N_A[/tex] = (1650 - 1181.522)lb

[tex]N_A[/tex] = 468.478 lb

The net reaction on each of the rear wheels now is:)

[tex]F_R = \sqrt{N_A^2 +F^2}[/tex]

[tex]F_R = \sqrt{(468.478)^2 + (102.484)^2}[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{F_R =479.6 \ lb}[/tex]

Now, we can determine the angle at the end of the rear wheels at which the resultant reaction force is being made in line with the horizontal

[tex]\theta = tan ^{-1}( \dfrac{468.478 }{102.484})[/tex]

[tex]\theta = 77.7^0[/tex]

Finally, the net reaction on each of the front wheels is:

[tex]F_B = N_B[/tex]

[tex]F_B =[/tex] 1182 lb  

If the same type of thermoplastic polymer is being tensile tested and the strain rate is increased, it will: g

Answers

Answer:

It would break I think need to try it out

Explanation:

tech a says that a slightly lean mixture offers good fuel economy and low exhaust emissions. Tech b says that a mixture that is too rich fouls spark plugs and causes incomplete burning. Who is correct

Answers

Answer:Both Techs A and B are correct. The correct option is C.
Explanation:
Exhaust emissions are gases that are expelled from vehicle engines and they include carbon monoxide, unburned fuel, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter such as mercury. These emissions can cause air pollution and green house effects which leads to climate changes. Low exhaust emissions can be achieved through the use of lean mixtures which has high air- fuel ratio and less emission. Therefore, Tech A is correct.
Rich mixtures are mixtures that are of low air- fuel ratios and it's burning in a diesel engine increases particulate matter emission, fouls spark plugs, causes incomplete burning. Therefore Tech B is equally correct. Hope this helps, thanks.

What is code in Arduino to turn led on and off

Answers

here's your answer..

What would the Select lines need to be to send data for the fifth bit in an 8-bit system (S0 being the MSB and S2 being the LSB)?
A. S0 = 1, S1 = 0, S2 = 0
B. S0 = 0, S1 = 0, S2 = 0
C. S0 = 0, S1 = 1, S2 = 0
D. S0 = 0, S1 = 1, S2 = 1

Answers

Answer:

A. S0 = 1, S1 = 0, S2 = 0

lines need to send data for the fifth bit in an 8 bit system

The term variation describes the degree to which an object or idea differs from others of the same type or from a standard.

a. True
b. False

Answers

The answer is true. Thank me later<3
The answer is true mainly because they function

Provide two programming examples in which multithreading provides better performance than a single-threaded solution. Provide one example where singlethreaded solution performs better than multi-threaded solution

Answers

Answer:

I dont kno

Explanation:

Im so sorry

Find the equation of the output voltage as a function of time assuming the switch closes at t = 0 and the capacitor is fully discharged for t < 0.

Answers

Answer: Hello your question is incomplete attached below is the complete question

answer : V(out) (t) = 1 - e^-100t

Explanation:

The equation of the output voltage as a function of time assuming at t = 0 switch closes and capacitor will be discharged when t < 0

V(out) (t) = 1 - e^-100t

attached below is the step by step explanation  

What happens to resistance in the strain gauge and voltage drop from a connected Wheatstone bridge if you were to pull the strain gauge along the long axis

Answers

Answer:

Resistance and voltage drop will still continue to rise, although at a slower pace than on the desired axis.

Explanation:

Pulling the strain gauge in the long axis causes the wires to elongate/thin, the effect of this is that it will lead to an increase in resistance and voltage drop (V = I*R).

As a result of the resultant effect, resistance and voltage drop will still continue to rise, although at a slower pace than on the desired axis, such as the long axis.

How do Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies help businesses use their enterprise data effectively?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Application of artificial intelligence in business

You can use AI technologies to:

Improve customer services - eg use virtual assistant programs to provide real-time support to users (for example, with billing and other tasks).

Automate workloads - eg collect and analyse data from smart sensors, or use machine learning (ML) algorithms to categorise work, automatically route service requests, etc.

Optimise logistics - eg use AI-powered image recognition tools to monitor and optimise your infrastructure, plan transport routes, etc.

Increase manufacturing output and efficiency - eg automate production line by integrating industrial robots into your workflow and teaching them to perform labour-intensive or mundane tasks.

Prevent outages - eg use anomaly detection techniques to identify patterns that are likely to disrupt your business, such as an IT outage. Specific AI software may also help you to detect and deter security intrusions.

Predict performance - eg use AI applications to determine when you might reach performance goals, such as response time to help desk calls.

Predict behaviour - eg use ML algorithms to analyse patterns of online behaviour to, for example, serve tailored product offers, detect credit card fraud or target appropriate adverts.

Manage and analyse your data - eg AI can help you interpret and mine your data more efficiently than ever before and provide meaningful insight into your assets, your brand, staff or customers.

Improve your marketing and advertising - for example, effectively track user behaviour and automate many routine marketing tasks.

Machine learning is an Artificial intelligence-powered system that is based on a similar concept and able to learn from the intelligence provided by humans.  

The AI systems are used to perform complex tasks in a way that is similar to humans but with precision. The AI-enabled machinery learning can boost sales and enhance the marketing campaign of any business or organization. It can develop a faster road map.

Learn more about Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies.

brainly.in/question/32566751.

True or false all workers who do class 1 asbestos work must be part of a medical surveillance program

Answers

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

Answer:

true

Explanation:

hehehe

Discuss typical advantages and disadvantages of an irrigation system?

Answers

Advantages include low costs and minimal labor.Water stays in the root zone, and foliage stays dry. Drawbacks to surface irrigation include potential overwatering and wasteful runoff.

A frost free, 17 cu. ft. refrigerator-freezer uses energy at a rate of 500. watts when you hear the compressor running. If the fridge runs for 200. hours per month, how many kilowatt-hours of energy does the refrigerator use each month

Answers

Answer:

100 kWh

Explanation:

Since the freezer has a rating of 500 watts and runs for 200 hours in a month, the energy consumption can be gotten by getting the product of the rating of the freezer in kilowatts and the amount of time the fridge is on per month.

The rating of the freezer = 500 watts = 0.5 kW, time = 200 h

Energy consumption = rating * time = 0.5 kW * 200 h

Energy consumption = 100 kWh

Therefore the refrigerator uses 100 kWh per month

What is the Code requirement for receptacles connected to circuits of different voltages and installed in one building

Answers

Answer:

National Electrical Code

Explanation:

The National Electrical Code (NEC) is the foundational code that establishes the minimum requirements for electrical installation work. The NEC protects individuals and properties from being discriminated against dangers associated with the use of electricity. For electrical installation work, local and state electrical standards and codes should be consulted in addition to the NEC.

Section 406.4 of the NEC refers to On the same premises, receptacles linked to circuits with distinct voltages frequencies, or kinds of current (AC or DE) must be designed in such a way that the attachment plugs utilized on these circuits cannot be interchanged.

A cylinder is internally pressurized to a pressure of 100 MPa. This causes tangential and axial stresses in the outer surface of 400 and 200 MPa, respectively. Make a Mohr circle representation of the stresses in the outer surface. What maximum normal and shear stresses are experienced by the outer surface?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\mu_{max}=200Mpa[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Internally pressurized [tex]P_i=100MPa[/tex]

Tangential Stress [tex]P_t=400mpa[/tex]

Axial stress [tex]P_a=200mpa[/tex]

Generally the equation for maximum normal and shear stresses are experienced by the outer surface is mathematically given by

 [tex]\mu_{max}=|\frac{P_t-P_a}{2}|,|\frac{P_t}{2}|,|\frac{P_t}{2}|[/tex]

Therefore

 [tex]\mu_{max}=|\frac{400-200}{2}|,|\frac{400}{2}|,|\frac{200}{2}|[/tex]

 [tex]\mu_{max}=200Mpa[/tex]

A rapid sand filter has a loading rate of 8.00 m/h, surface dimensions of , an effective filtration rate of 7.70 m/h, and a production efficiency of 96 percent. A complete filter cycle duration is 52 h and the filter is rinsed for 20 minutes at the start of each cycle

Required:
a. What flow rate (m3/s) does the filter handle during production?
b. What volume of water is needed for backwashing plus rinsing the filter in each filter cycle?

Answers

Answer: hello there is a Missing information below is the missing information

surface dimensions of  10m * 8m

answer :

a) 640 m^3/hr

b) 1334.66 m^3

Explanation:

a) Determine the flow rate ( m^3/s ) of the filter handle

Va = Q /A[tex]_{f}[/tex]

where ; Va = filtration rate ( 8.00 m/h ) ,  Q = flow rate of filter handle , A[tex]_{f}[/tex] = surface area ( 10 m * 8 m  )

Q = 8 * ( 10m * 8m ) = 640 m^3 / hr

b) Determine the volume of water needed for backwashing plus rinsing the filter in each filter cycle

Лf = 0.96  ( production efficiency )

Vb + Vr = 0.04 Vf

∴ Vf  =  ( Vb + Vr ) / 0.04  ------ ( 1 )

next step ; determine the volume of filtered water making use of effective filtration rate

Ref = ( Vf - Vb - Vr ) / A[tex]_{f}[/tex]T[tex]_{c}[/tex]

therefore : Vb + Vr = Vf - ( 80 * 52 * 7.7 ) ----  ( 2 )

Input equation 1 into 2

Vb + Vr = ( ( Vb + Vr ) / 0.04  )  - 32032  ---- ( 3 )

Resolve equation 3

hence the Volume of water needed for Backwashing  and rinsing the filter in each filter cycle

= 1334.66 m^3

7
Which wire can carry a higher current?
ered
tof
Select one:
A. AWG 6
B. AWG 18
C. AWG 12
D. AWG 24

Answers

Answer:

the wire that can carry much current is AWG 24

AWG 24 is the  wire can carry a higher current. The diameter of the wire increases with decreasing gauge. The electrical resistance to the signals decreases with increasing wire diameter. Hence, option D is correct.

What is meant by high current?

Any current above 10 mA has the potential to deliver an unpleasant to severe shock, while 200 mA and above is considered lethal. Despite the fact that currents above 200 mA might cause serious burns and unconsciousness, they usually do not cause death if the sufferer receives timely medical attention.

Higher voltage and lower current are frequently more effective combinations. The amount of current that a wire is rated to handle is frequently indicated by its capacity rating. People can use the same cable to drive a load twice as large by doubling the voltage and maintaining the same current.

Thus, option D is correct.

For more details about high current, click here:

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#SPJ2

A main cable in a large bridge is designed for a tensile force of 2,600,000 lb. The cable consists of 1470 parallel wires, each 0.16 in. in diameter. The wires are cold-drawn steel with an average ultimate strength of 230,000 psi. What factor of safety was used in the design of the cable

Answers

Answer:

the factor of safety was used in the design of the cable is 2.6146

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Load on the main capable [tex]P_{initial[/tex] = 2600000 lb

number of parallel wires n = 1470

Diameter d = 0.16 in

average ultimate strength [tex]S_{ultimate[/tex] = 230000 psi

First we calculate the Load acting on each cable;

[tex]P_{initial[/tex] = P × n

P = [tex]P_{initial[/tex] / n

we substitute

P = 2600000 lb / 1470

P = 1768.70748 lb

Next we determine the working stress acting in a member;

[tex]S_{working[/tex] = P/A

{ Area A = [tex]\frac{\pi }{4}[/tex]d² }

[tex]S_{working[/tex] = P / [tex]\frac{\pi }{4}[/tex]d²

we substitute

[tex]S_{working[/tex] = 1768.70748 / [tex]\frac{\pi }{4}[/tex](0.16)²

[tex]S_{working[/tex] = 1768.70748 / 0.02010619298

[tex]S_{working[/tex] = 87968.29 psi

Now we calculate the factor of safety F.S

F.S = [tex]S_{ultimate[/tex] / [tex]S_{working[/tex]

we substitute

F.S = 230000 psi / 87968.29 psi

F.S = 2.6145785 ≈ 2.6146

Therefore, the factor of safety was used in the design of the cable is 2.6146

an amplifier has an input resistance of 100k a short-circuit transconductance of 10 mA/V and an output resistance of 100k. Find the open-circuit voltage gain

Answers

Answer:

The open circuit voltage gain is [tex]A_{vo}=-10^{3}[/tex]

Explanation:

Given data is input resistance of an amplifier is [tex]R_{in}=100k[/tex]Ω and output resistance of an amplifier is [tex]R_{o} =100k[/tex]Ω.

Trans conductance of an amplifier is [tex]g_{m}=10mA/V[/tex]

Thus Open circuit voltage gain is

[tex]A_{vo} =-g_{m}R_{o}[/tex]

[tex]A_{vo}=-10[/tex]×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex]×100×[tex]10^{3}[/tex]

Since 1m=[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] and 1k=[tex]10^{3}[/tex]

Thus,

[tex]A_{vo}=-1000[/tex]

[tex]A_{vo}=-10^{3}[/tex]

Assuming you determine the required section modulus of a wide flange beam is 200 in3, determine the lightest beam possible that will satisfy this condition.

Answers

Answer:

W18 * 106

Explanation:

Given that the section modulus of the wide flange beam is 200 in^3 the lightest beam possible that can satisfy the section modulus must have a section modulus ≥ 200 in^3. also the value of the section modulus must be approximately closest to 200in^3

From wide flange Beam table ( showing the section modulus )

The beam that can satisfy the condition is W18 × 106  because its section modulus ( s ) = 204 in^3

Which of the following are major components of a Class II BSC: A. Cabinet blower switch B. Foot support C. Drain spillage trough (catch basin) D. Rear grille E. Temperature control

Answers

Answer:

Cabinet blower switch ( A )

Explanation:

A major component of a class II BSC ( Biological safety cabinet ) is  Cabinet blower switch  because the Cabinet blower is an integral part of a class II BSC hence the switch is also a major component.

Class II BSC provides protection for the user, environment and sample to be manipulated in the laboratory ( mostly ; Pharmaceutical laboratories, Microbiology laboratories )

In how many ways 2450 can be written as a product of 2 factors?
Select one:
O a. 9
O b. 6
C. 18
O d. 10

Answers

Answer:

search up factors of 2450 and divide by two

The number of ways 2450 can be written as a product of 2 factors is 9 ways

How to find factors of numbers?

Factors of 2,450 = 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 25, 35, 49, 50, 70, 98, 175, 245, 350, 490, 1225, 2450

2450 has 18 factors.

The number of ways 2450 can be written as a product of 2 factors = number of factors / 2

= 18/2

= 9 wats

This means, taking the product of two factors such as;

1 × 2450

2 × 1225

5 × 490

7 × 350

10 × 245

14 × 175

25 × 98

35 × 70

50 × 98

Learn more about factors:

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4 An approach to a pretimed signal has 30 seconds of effective red, and D/D/1 queuing holds. The total delay at the approach is 83.33 veh-s/cycle and the saturation flow rate is 1000 veh/h. If the capacity of the approach equals the number of arrivals per cycle, determine the approach flow rate and cycle length.

Answers

Answer:

Following are the responses to the given question:

Explanation:

Effective red duration is applied each cycle r=30 second D/D/1 queuing

In total, its approach delay is 83.33 sec vehicle per cycle

Flow rate(s) of saturated = 1,000 vehicles each hour

Total vehicle delay per cycle[tex]= \frac{v \times 30^2}{2(1-\frac{v}{0.2778})}[/tex]

[tex]\to \frac{v\times 30^2}{2(1-\frac{v}{0.2778})}= 83.33\\\\\to 900v=166.66-599.928v\\\\\to v=0.111 \frac{veh}{sec}\\\\[/tex]

The flow rate for such total approach is 0.111 per second.

The overall flow velocity of the approach is 400 cars per hour

The approach capacity refers to the number of arrivals per cycle.

Environmentally friendly time ratio to cycle length:

[tex],\frac{g}{C} \ is = \frac{400}{1000}=0.4\\\\r= c-g\\\\30\ sec =C - 0.4 C\\\\C=50 \ sec[/tex]

An air-standard Diesel cycle engine operates as follows: The temperatures at the beginning and end of the compression stroke are 30 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The net work per cycle is 590.1 kJ/kg, and the heat transfer input per cycle is 925 kJ/kg. Determine the a) compression ratio, b) maximum temperature of the cycle, and c) the cutoff ratio, v3/v2.

Answers

This question is incomplete, the complete question is;

An air-standard Diesel cycle engine operates as follows: The temperatures at the beginning and end of the compression stroke are 30 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The net work per cycle is 590.1 kJ/kg, and the heat transfer input per cycle is 925 kJ/kg. Determine the a) compression ratio, b) maximum temperature of the cycle, and c) the cutoff ratio, v3/v2.

Use the cold air standard assumptions.

Answer:

a) The compression ratio is 18.48

b) The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1893.4 K

c) The cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂ is 1.946

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Temperature at the start of a compression T₁ = 30°C = (30 + 273) = 303 K

Temperature at the end of a compression T₂ = 700°C = (700 + 273) = 973 K

Net work per cycle [tex]W_{net[/tex] = 590.1 kJ/kg

Heat transfer input per cycle Qs = 925 kJ/kg

a) compression ratio;

As illustrated in the diagram below, 1 - 2 is adiabatic compression;

so,

Tγ[tex]^{Y-1[/tex] = constant { For Air, γ = 1.4 }

hence;

⇒ V₁ / V₂ = [tex]([/tex] T₂ / T₁ [tex])^{\frac{1}{Y-1}[/tex]

so we substitute

⇒ V₁ / V₂ = [tex]([/tex]  973 K / 303 K  [tex])^{\frac{1}{1.4-1}[/tex]

= [tex]([/tex]  3.21122  [tex])^{\frac{1}{0.4}[/tex]

= 18.4788 ≈ 18.48

Therefore, The compression ratio is 18.48

b) maximum temperature of the cycle

We know that for Air, Cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK

Now,

Heat transfer input per cycle Qs = Cp( T₃ - T₂ )

we substitute

925 = 1.005( T₃ - 700 )

( T₃ - 700 ) = 925 / 1.005

( T₃ - 700 ) = 920.398

T₃ = 920.398 + 700

T₃ = 1620.398 °C

T₃ = ( 1620.398 + 273 ) K

T₃ = 1893.396 K ≈ 1893.4 K

Therefore, The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1893.4 K

c)  the cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂;

Since pressure is constant, V ∝ T

So,

cutoff ratio S = v₃ / v₂  = T₃ / T₂

we substitute

cutoff ratio S = 1893.396 K / 973 K

cutoff ratio S = 1.9459 ≈ 1.946

Therefore, the cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂ is 1.946

What is the scope of hazard review in a worksite analysis

Answers

Answer:

A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. After uncontrolled hazards are identified, take action to eliminate them or reduce risk.

1. A hydro facility operates with an elevation difference of 50 m and a flow rate of 500 m3/s. If the rotational speed is 90 RPM, find the most suitable type of turbine and estimate the power output of the arrangement

Answers

Answer:

a) Pelton Turbine

b) [tex]P=2.42*10^{5}KW[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Height [tex]h=50[/tex]

Flow Rate [tex]R= 500 m^3/s[/tex]

Rotational speed [tex]\omega=\90 RPM[/tex]

Let

Density of water

[tex]\rho=1000[/tex]

Generally the equation for momentum is mathematically given by

[tex]P=\rho gRh[/tex]

[tex]P=1000*9.81*500*50[/tex]

[tex]P=2.42*10^{5}KW[/tex]

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