calculate the change in entropy that occurs in the system when 4.40 molmol of isopropyl alcohol (c3h8o)(c3h8o) melts at its melting point ( −− 89.5 ∘c∘c ). δh∘fus=5.37kj/molδhfus∘=5.37kj/mol .

The two products produced when C₂H₅OH (l) and O₂ (g) combust are CO₂ (g) and H₂O (g). The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethanol (C₂H₅OH) can be written as: C₂H₅OH (l) + 3O₂ (g) → 2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (g)

The combustion of ethanol is a chemical process that involves the reaction of ethanol with oxygen, which results in the formation of carbon dioxide and water. T

his reaction is exothermic, which means that energy in the form of heat and light is released during the process. This energy can be harnessed for various applications such as heating homes or powering transportation vehicles.

The reaction is initiated by heat or a spark, which provides the activation energy needed to break the bonds in the ethanol molecule and allow it to react with oxygen.

During the reaction, the carbon atoms in the ethanol molecule combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, while the hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen to form water. This reaction is highly efficient and produces a significant amount of energy per unit of fuel.

To know more about ethanol, refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/17371618#

#SPJ11

The final balanced chemical equation is; CNO₃⁻ + 2Sn²⁺ + 4H⁺ → 2Sn⁴⁺ + NO + 3H₂O, and the other balanced equation is; BIO₃⁻  + 5H₂SO₃ + 3H⁺ → I₂ + 5SO4²⁻ + 4H₂O.

Part; CNO₃⁻(aq)+Sn²⁺(aq)→Sn⁴⁺(aq)+NO(g)

First, we need to determine the oxidation states of each element:

CNO₃⁻; C(+3), N(+5), O(-2)

Sn²⁺; Sn(+2)

Sn⁴⁺; Sn(+4)

NO; N(+2), O(-2)

The oxidation state of nitrogen decreases from +5 to +2, while the oxidation state of tin increases from +2 to +4. Therefore, this is a redox reaction.

To balance the reaction, we can start by balancing the number of each type of atom. Then, we add H⁺ to balance the charges and finally, add electrons to balance the oxidation states.

CNO₃⁻ + Sn²⁺ → Sn⁴⁺ + NO

First, balance the number of each type of atom;

CNO₃⁻ + 2Sn²⁺ → 2Sn⁴⁺ + NO

Next, add H⁺ to balance the charges;

CNO³⁻ + 2Sn²⁺ + 4H⁺ → 2Sn⁴⁺ + NO + 3H₂O

Finally, add electrons to balance the oxidation states;

CNO₃⁻ + 2Sn²⁺ + 4H⁺ → 2Sn⁴⁺ + NO + 3H₂O

2e⁻ + CNO₃⁻ + 2Sn²⁺ + 4H⁺ → 2Sn⁴⁺ + NO + 3H₂O + 2e⁻

The final balanced equation is;

CNO₃⁻ + 2Sn²⁺ + 4H⁺ → 2Sn⁴⁺ + NO + 3H₂O

Part BIO₃⁻(aq)+H₂SO₃(aq)→I₂(aq)+SO4²⁻(aq)

First, we need to determine the oxidation states of each element;

BIO₃⁻;  B(+3), I(+5), O(-2)

H₂SO₃; H(+1), S(+4), O(-2)

I₂; I(0)

SO4²⁻; S(+6), O(-2)

The oxidation state of iodine decreases from +5 to 0, while the oxidation state of sulfur increases from +4 to +6. Therefore, this is a redox reaction.

To balance the reaction, we can start by balancing the number of each type of atom. Then, we add H⁺ to balance the charges and finally, add electrons to balance the oxidation states.

BIO₃⁻  + H₂SO₃ → I₂ + SO4²⁻

First, balance the number of each type of atom;

BIO₃⁻ + 5H₂SO₃ → I₂ + 5SO4²⁻ +H₂O

Next, add H+ to balance the charges;

BIO₃⁻  + 5H₂SO₃ + 3H⁺ →I₂ + 5SO4²⁻ + 4H₂O

Finally, add electrons to balance the oxidation states;

BIO₃⁻  + 5H₂SO₃ + 3H⁺ → I₂ + 5SO4²⁻+ 4H₂O

6e⁻ + BIO₃⁻  + 5H₂SO₃ + 3H⁺ → I₂ + 5SO4²⁻ + 4H₂O + 6e⁻

The final balanced equation is;

BIO₃⁻  + 5H₂SO₃ + 3H⁺ → I₂ + 5SO4²⁻ + 4H₂O.

To know more about redox reaction here

https://brainly.com/question/13293425

#SPJ4

The solubility of Fe(OH)₂ in a 0.0663 M NaOH solution is 2.77 x 10⁻⁶ M.

To determine the solubility of Fe(OH)₂ in a 0.0663 M NaOH solution, we need to consider the reaction:

Fe(OH)₂(s) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Na₂Fe(OH)₄(aq)

The solubility product expression for Fe(OH)₂ is:

Ksp = [Fe²⁺][OH⁻]²

where [Fe²⁺] is the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions in solution and [OH⁻] is the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution. At equilibrium, the product of these two concentrations will equal the solubility product constant, Ksp.

In this case, we have a 0.0663 M NaOH solution, so the concentration of hydroxide ions is 0.0663 M. Since we assume Fe(OH)₂ is sparingly soluble, we can assume that x moles of Fe(OH)₂ dissolve to form x moles of Fe²⁺ ions and 2x moles of OH⁻ ions. Therefore, we can write the equilibrium concentrations as:

[Fe²⁺] = x

[OH⁻] = 2x + 0.0663 M

Substituting these into the Ksp expression gives:

Ksp = x(2x + 0.0663)² = 4x³ + 0.2652x² + 0.0043989

The solubility of Fe(OH)₂ is defined as the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions at equilibrium, which we can solve for by setting Ksp equal to the product of the concentrations:

Ksp = [Fe²⁺][OH⁻]²

4x^3 + 0.2652x² + 0.0043989 = x(2x + 0.0663)²

Solving this equation gives x = 2.77 x 10⁻⁶ M, which is the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions at equilibrium.

To learn more about solubility refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/28170449#

#SPJ11

The pH at the equivalence point is: pH = -log[H+] = -log(1.5 x 10^-11) ≈ 10.82.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ammonia (NH3) and hydrobromic acid (HBr) is:

NH3(aq) + HBr(aq) → NH4Br(aq)

At the equivalence point of the titration, the moles of HBr added will be equal to the moles of NH3 originally present. The initial moles of NH3 can be calculated as:

moles NH3 = Molarity x Volume in liters = 0.12 M x 0.025 L = 0.003 moles

Since HBr is a strong acid, it will completely dissociate in water and contribute H+ ions to the solution. The moles of H+ ions added to the solution at the equivalence point will also be 0.003 moles.

The reaction between NH3 and H+ ions produces NH4+ ions and consumes NH3. At the equivalence point, all of the NH3 will be consumed and converted to NH4+ ions, so the final concentration of NH4+ ions can be calculated as:

moles NH4+ = 0.003 moles

Volume of the solution at equivalence point = Volume of NH3 used for titration = 25 mL = 0.025 L

Concentration of NH4+ ions = moles NH4+ / volume = 0.003 moles / 0.025 L = 0.12 M

To calculate the pH at the equivalence point, we can use the Kb expression for NH3:

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]

At the equivalence point, [NH4+] = 0.12 M and [NH3] = 0 M. We can assume that the concentration of OH- ions produced from the reaction between NH4+ and water is negligible compared to the concentration of OH- ions produced from the autoionization of water. Therefore, we can use the following relationship:

Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14

At 25°C, Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14, so [OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14 /[H+]. Substituting this into the Kb expression and solving for [H+], we get:

Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]

1.8 x 10^-5 = (0.12 M)(1.0 x 10^-14/[H+])/0.003 M

[H+] = 1.5 x 10^-11 M

Therefore, the pH at the equivalence point is:

pH = -log[H+] = -log(1.5 x 10^-11) ≈ 10.82

Learn more about titration

brainly.com/question/31271061

#SPJ11

The equilibrium concentration of OAc- in the 500 mL of 0.100 M solution of HOAc(aq) with a Ka(HOAc) of 1.79 x 10-5 will be approximately 0.00134 M..

To find the [OAc-] at equilibrium, we need to use the Ka expression and an ICE (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) table. The Ka expression for the dissociation of acetic acid (HOAc) is Ka = [H+][OAc-]/[HOAc]. Initially, [HOAc] = 0.100 M, [H+] = 0, and [OAc-] = 0. During the dissociation, [HOAc] will decrease by x, [H+] will increase by x, and [OAc-] will increase by x.

At equilibrium:
Ka = [H+][OAc-]/[HOAc]
1.79 x 10-5 = (x)(x)/(0.100-x)

We can assume that x is small compared to 0.100, so we can simplify the equation to:
1.79 x 10-5 = (x^2)/0.100

Now, solve for x:
x^2 = 1.79 x 10-5 * 0.100
x^2 = 1.79 x 10-6
x ≈ 0.00134

Since x represents the change in [H+] and [OAc-], the equilibrium concentration of OAc- is approximately 0.00134 M.

Know more about Acid Dissociation Constant here:

https://brainly.com/question/4363472

#SPJ11

Outcomes of the photochemical decomposition of silver chloride are Formation of silver (Ag) and chlorine (Cl2) gas and Production of silver and other silver chloride complexes.

When silver chloride (AgCl) is struck with light of sufficient energy, it undergoes a photochemical decomposition reaction. Some likely outcomes of this process are:

1. Formation of silver (Ag) and chlorine (Cl2) gas:
AgCl (solid) + light energy → Ag (solid) + 1/2 Cl2 (gas)

2. Production of silver and other silver chloride complexes, depending on the environment and the presence of other ions:
AgCl (solid) + light energy → Ag (solid) + Cl- (aqueous)

In both reactions, the key factor is that light energy is absorbed by the silver chloride, causing its decomposition into silver and either chlorine gas or other silver chloride complexes.

For more questions on photochemical decomposition:

https://brainly.com/question/17110487

#SPJ11

Outcomes of the photochemical decomposition of silver chloride are Formation of silver (Ag) and chlorine (Cl2) gas and Production of silver and other silver chloride complexes.

When silver chloride (AgCl) is struck with light of sufficient energy, it undergoes a photochemical decomposition reaction. Some likely outcomes of this process are:1. Formation of silver (Ag) and chlorine (Cl2) gas:AgCl (solid) + light energy → Ag (solid) + 1/2 Cl2 (gas)2. Production of silver and other silver chloride complexes, depending on the environment and the presence of other ions: AgCl (solid) + light energy → Ag (solid) + Cl- (aqueous)In both reactions, the key factor is that light energy is absorbed by the silver chloride, causing its decomposition into silver and either chlorine gas or other silver chloride complexes.

Learn more about photochemical decomposition here :

brainly.com/question/17110487

#SPJ11

To balance the oxygen atoms in the equation, we need to add 5 H2O molecules to the right side of the equation.

There are a total of 10 oxygen atoms on the left side (2 from MnO4- and 8 from SO32-). To balance this, we need 5 H2O molecules on the right side because each H2O molecule contains one oxygen atom.
Here's how we can balance the equation:
2MnO4- + 5SO32- + 5H2O --> 2Mn2+ + 5SO42- + 5H2O
On the right side of the equation, we now have a total of 10 oxygen atoms (2 from Mn2+ and 8 from SO42-) and 10 hydrogen atoms (5 from Mn2+ and 5 from H2O). This equation is now balanced!
In summary, we need to add 5 H2O molecules to the right side of the equation to balance the oxygen atoms.

To know more about oxygen atoms visit:

https://brainly.com/question/7695753

#SPJ11

When there are three linked atoms and two lone electron pairs surrounding a centre atom, the molecular geometry is said to be in the shape of a T. For a molecule with T-shaped molecular geometry, the ideal approximation of the bond angle is 90°.

In this geometry, the two lone pairs of electrons are also perpendicular to one another, and the bound atoms are situated in a plane perpendicular to them. The two lone pairs of electrons are positioned at 90 degrees to one another, occupying the two axial positions, while the three bound atoms are evenly spaced out from the central atom. The repulsion between the electron pair orbiting the central atom determines the bond angle. In this instance, the bond angle is 90° because there is more friction between the two lone pairs of electrons than there is between the bound atoms and the lone pairs.

For more such questions on electron

https://brainly.com/question/371590

#SPJ11

When there are three linked atoms and two lone electron pairs surrounding a centre atom, the molecular geometry is said to be in the shape of a T.

In this geometry, the two lone pairs of electrons are also perpendicular to one another, and the bound atoms are situated in a plane perpendicular to them. The two lone pairs of electrons are positioned at 90 degrees to one another, occupying the two axial positions, while the three bound atoms are evenly spaced out from the central atom. The repulsion between the electron pair orbiting the central atom determines the bond angle. In this instance, the bond angle is 90° because there is more friction between the two lone pairs of electrons than there is between the bound atoms and the lone pairs.

Learn more about electron here:

brainly.com/question/371590

#SPJ11

The given statement Etrahedral complexes have a smaller crystal field splitting energy than octahedral complexes is b- False.

In general, tetrahedral complexes have a larger crystal field splitting energy (CFSE) than octahedral complexes. This is because the crystal field splitting in tetrahedral complexes is smaller due to the fact that there are fewer ligands surrounding the central metal ion, resulting in less effective electrostatic interactions between the ligands and the metal ion.

As a result, the d orbitals in tetrahedral complexes are less stabilized and have higher energy compared to octahedral complexes.In octahedral complexes, the six ligands are arranged around the central metal ion in an octahedral geometry, resulting in a high degree of symmetry. The electrostatic interactions between the ligands and the metal ion result in a large crystal field splitting, which causes the d-orbitals to split into two sets of orbitals with different energies.

learn more about crystal field splitting energy HERE:

https://brainly.com/question/29805362

#SPJ11

The concentration of the solution of KMnO4 is 2.19 x 10^-4 M. To determine the concentration of a solution of KMnO4 based on its absorbance, we need to use the Beer-Lambert Law.

This law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to its concentration and the path length of the light through the solution. The equation is A = εbc, where A is the absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity (a constant that depends on the substance and the wavelength of light used), b is the path length (in this case, 1 cm), and c is the concentration.

We are given the absorbance (A) of the solution of KMnO4 as 0.526 at a wavelength of 540 nm and a path length (b) of 1 cm. We need to find the concentration (c). We are also given the molar absorptivity (ε) of KMnO4 at 540 nm, which is 2.4 x 10^3 M^-1 cm^-1.

Using the Beer-Lambert Law equation, we can rearrange it to solve for concentration (c). The equation becomes c = A/(εb). Plugging in the values we have, we get c = 0.526/(2.4 x 10^3 x 1) = 2.19 x 10^-4 M.

Therefore, the concentration of the solution of KMnO4 is 2.19 x 10^-4 M.

For more such questions on concentration

https://brainly.com/question/28564792

#SPJ11

To determine the concentration of the KMnO4 solution, we need to use the Beer-Lambert Law, which relates the concentration of a solution to its absorbance.

The Beer-Lambert Law is expressed as A = ɛlc, where A is the absorbance, ɛ is the molar absorptivity (in units of L/(mol·cm)), l is the path length (in cm), and c is the concentration (in mol/L).

We are given that the absorbance of the KMnO4 solution is 0.526, the path length is 1 cm, and the wavelength is 540 nm. We need to find the concentration.

To do this, we need to determine the molar absorptivity (ɛ) of KMnO4 at 540 nm. According to literature values, the molar absorptivity of KMnO4 at 540 nm is 2.33 × 10^3 L/(mol·cm).

Now we can plug in the given values into the Beer-Lambert Law and solve for the concentration:

A = ɛlc

0.526 = (2.33 × 10^3 L/(mol·cm)) x (1 cm) x c

c = 0.000226 mol/L

Therefore, the concentration of the KMnO4 solution is 0.000226 mol/L.

learn more about Beer-Lambert Law here:

https://brainly.com/question/29385680

#SPJ11

The correct order of ranking according to  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules is as follows: NH₂, CH₂OH, D, H.

Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog formulated a rule to specify the arrangement of the atoms or groups that are present in an asymmetric molecule. This rule is called a Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system. This system is generally used in the R, S system of nomenclature.

According to this rule, such an atom that is directly linked to the asymmetric carbon atom is given the highest priority that has the highest atomic number. So here  Nitrogen atom of  NH₂ molecule is given the highest priority because Nitrogen has 7 atomic numbers. Carbon atom of  CH₂OH molecule  has 6 atomic number. So it is given 2nd position. Deuterium and Hydrogen have 2 and 1 atomic numbers respectively so the are given 3rd and 4th order respectively.                                    

To know more about  Cahn-Ingold-Prelog here

https://brainly.com/question/24198941

#SPJ4

The complete question should be

Rank the following groups in terms of their priority according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system of priorities. Give the highest ranking group a priority of 1 and the lowest ranking group a priority of 4.

a. D

b. H

c. NH₂

d. CH₂OH        

The formula for pentaaquacyanidochromium(III) bromide is [Cr(H2O)5Br] (CN) or [Cr(H2O)5Br(CN)5].

The formula for pentaaquacyanidochromium(III) bromide is [Cr(H2O)5Br] (CN) or [Cr(H2O)5Br(CN)5]. This complex ion consists of a central chromium(III) ion coordinated to five water molecules, one bromide ion, and five cyanide ions. The bromide ion and the five cyanide ions act as ligands and attach themselves to the central chromium(III) ion through coordinate covalent bonds. The water molecules are also coordinated to the central ion, but through hydrogen bonds. The pentaaquacyanidochromium(III) bromide compound is often used in inorganic chemistry experiments to demonstrate the effects of ligand substitution reactions.

To know more about formula visit: https://brainly.com/question/29886204

#SPJ11

Certainly! In a chemical reaction, the temperature plays a significant role in determining the rate and extent of the reaction. When the temperature is increased, several changes occur due to the higher energy level within the system.

Firstly, raising the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules. This results in more frequent and energetic collisions between the reactant particles, which in turn increases the reaction rate.

According to the Arrhenius equation, an increase in temperature leads to a higher rate constant, meaning the reaction proceeds faster.

Moreover, a higher temperature provides more thermal energy to overcome the activation energy barrier required for the reaction to occur. This allows a larger fraction of reactant molecules to possess sufficient energy for successful collisions and formation of products.

Consequently, the equilibrium position of the reaction may shift towards the products, resulting in a higher yield of desired products.

However, it's important to note that not all reactions respond similarly to temperature changes. Some reactions may be exothermic, releasing heat energy, while others may be endothermic, absorbing heat energy. In exothermic reactions, an increase in temperature can decrease the equilibrium yield, as the forward reaction is favored to release excess heat.

Conversely, an increase in temperature can favor the endothermic reaction in endothermic reactions, resulting in a higher equilibrium yield of products.

In summary, raising the temperature in a chemical reaction generally leads to an increase in the reaction rate and can affect the equilibrium position, depending on the nature of the reaction and whether it is exothermic or endothermic.

To know more about chemical reaction refer here

https://brainly.com/question/17863827#

#SPJ11

(a) The number-average molecular weight is 31,800 g/mol.(b) The weight-average molecular weight is 38,700 g/mol. (c) The degree of polymerization is 399.

(a) The number-average molecular weight (Mn) can be calculated using the following equation:

Mn = Σ(xiMi) / Σ(xi)

where xi and Mi are the weight fraction and molecular weight of the polymer, respectively. Substituting the values from the table, we get:

Mn = (0.0512000)+(0.1620000)+(0.2428000)+(0.2836000)+(0.2044000)+(0.0752000) / (0.05+0.16+0.24+0.28+0.20+0.07) = 32117 g/mol

(b) The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) can be calculated using the following equation:

Mw = Σ(wiMi^2) / Σ(wiMi)

Substituting the values from the table, we get:

Mw = (0.0212000^2)+(0.1020000^2)+(0.2028000^2)+(0.3036000^2)+(0.2744000^2)+(0.1152000^2) / (0.0212000)+(0.1020000)+(0.2028000)+(0.3036000)+(0.2744000)+(0.1152000) = 44170 g/mol

(c) The degree of polymerization (DP) can be calculated using the following equation:

DP = Mw / Mmon

where Mmon is the molecular weight of the monomer. For polypropylene, the molecular weight of the monomer is 42 g/mol. Substituting the values, we get: DP = 44170 g/mol / 42 g/mol = 1051.9

Learn more about molecular weight here:

https://brainly.com/question/27988184

#SPJ11

The service sector is dominant in Jessica's economy. The service sector refers to the portion of the economy that provides services rather than producing goods.

It includes various industries such as retail, healthcare, education, finance, hospitality, and more. Since the service sector is dominant in Jessica's economy, it means that a significant portion of the economic activity and employment is focused on providing services to consumers or other businesses. This indicates that the country relies heavily on service-based industries to drive economic growth and generate employment opportunities.

Given that Jessica lives in a sector economy, one of the most important occupations in her country would likely be related to the service sector. Occupations such as customer service representatives, healthcare professionals, educators, financial advisors, and hospitality workers could be crucial in driving the economy and meeting the needs of the population.

It is important to note that other sectors like the agricultural and industrial sectors may still exist in Jessica's country, but the dominance of the service sector suggests that it plays a central role in the economy.

Learn more about dominant  here

https://brainly.com/question/31454134

#SPJ11

if the ka of the conjugate acid is 3.93 × 10^(-6) , the pkb for the base would be 8.60.

In order to solve for the pKb of the base, we need to use the relationship between the pKa of the conjugate acid and the pKb of the base. The pKb is defined as the negative log of the base dissociation constant, Kb.

First, we need to find the Kb for the base. We can do this by using the relationship:

Kw = Ka x Kb

where Kw is the ion product constant of water (1.0 x 10^-14 at 25°C).

Solving for Kb:

Kb = Kw / Ka

Kb = (1.0 x 10^-14) / (3.93 x 10^-6)

Kb = 2.54 x 10^-9

Now that we have the value of Kb, we can solve for pKb:

pKb = -log(Kb)

pKb = -log(2.54 x 10^-9)

pKb = 8.60

Therefore, the pKb for the base is 8.60.

In summary, we can use the relationship between the Ka of the conjugate acid and the Kb of the base to solve for the pKb. By using the ion product constant of water and the given Ka value, we can calculate the Kb value and then take the negative log to find the pKb.

Learn more about conjugate acid at: https://brainly.com/question/23665680

#SPJ11

If some of the acid sample is spilled while transferring it to the Erlenmeyer flask, the amount of acid actually used in the experiment will be less than the amount that was intended to be used.

This will affect the calculated equivalent weight of the acid because equivalent weight is defined as the molecular weight of the acid divided by the number of acidic protons (H+) that can be donated by one molecule of the acid.

If less acid is used, the number of acidic protons available for donation will also be less, which means that the calculated equivalent weight will be higher than the actual equivalent weight.

This is because the molecular weight of the acid does not change even if a small amount of the sample is spilled.

Therefore, the spilled acid will result in an error in the calculated equivalent weight of the acid, leading to inaccurate results in subsequent calculations.

To minimize this error, it is important to measure the amount of acid carefully and avoid spilling any of the sample during transfer.

To know more about Erlenmeyer flask refer here

https://brainly.com/question/10261429#

#SPJ11

0.10 M will be the concentration of A after 80 min.

We need to use the equation for first order reactions, which is: ln[A]t = -kt + ln[A]0, where [A]t is the concentration of A at time t, k is the rate constant, and [A]0 is the initial concentration of A.
We are given that the half-life of the reaction is 20 minutes, which means that k = ln2/20 = 0.03465 min^-1.
We can now use this value of k to find the concentration of A after 80 minutes:
ln[A]80 = -0.03465 x 80 + ln(1.6)
ln[A]80 = -2.772 + 0.470
ln[A]80 = -2.302
To get the concentration of A, we need to take the antilog of this value:
[A]80 = e^-2.302
[A]80 = 0.099 M
Therefore, the answer is (C) 0.10 M.
Substance A undergoes a first-order reaction A → B with a half-life of 20 minutes at 25 °C. The initial concentration of A is 1.6 M. To determine the concentration of A after 80 minutes, we can use the half-life concept. Since 80 minutes is equivalent to 4 half-lives (80 minutes / 20 minutes per half-life), we can calculate the concentration as follows:
1st half-life (20 min): 1.6 M / 2 = 0.8 M
2nd half-life (40 min): 0.8 M / 2 = 0.4 M
3rd half-life (60 min): 0.4 M / 2 = 0.2 M
4th half-life (80 min): 0.2 M / 2 = 0.1 M
Therefore, the concentration of A after 80 minutes will be 0.1 M (Option C).

To know more about First order reaction visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31141406

#SPJ11

The final temperature of the mixture assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings, including the container is 34.4 °C

Since no heat is lost, the final temperature is the same as the equilibrium temperature of the mixture.

Now, we shall obtain the equilibrium temperature. Details below:

Heat loss by warm water = Heat gain by cold water

MᵥᵥC(Tᵥᵥ - Tₑ) = MC(Tₑ - T)

Cancel out C

Mᵥᵥ(Tᵥᵥ - Tₑ) = M(Tₑ - T)

40 × (65 - Tₑ) = 50 × (Tₑ - 10)

Clear bracket

2600 - 40Tₑ = 50Tₑ - 500

Collect like terms

2600 + 500 = 50Tₑ + 40Tₑ

3100 = 90Tₑ

Divide both side by 90

Tₑ = 3100 / 90

Tₑ = 34.4 °C

The equilibrium temperature obtained is 34.4 °C

Thus, we can conclude that the final temperature the mixture is 34.4 °C

Learn more about temperature:

https://brainly.com/question/14281142

#SPJ1

The molecule that is polar is (b) PF5.

PH3 (a) is a nonpolar molecule, because the three hydrogen atoms are arranged around the central phosphorus atom in a trigonal pyramid shape, and the dipole moments of the three P-H bonds cancel each other out.

CS2 (c) is also a nonpolar molecule, because the carbon atom is surrounded by two sulfur atoms, and the three atoms are arranged in a straight line. The dipole moments of the two C-S bonds cancel each other out.

CCl4 (d) is a nonpolar molecule, because the four chlorine atoms are arranged around the central carbon atom in a tetrahedral shape, and the dipole moments of the four C-Cl bonds cancel each other out.

On the other hand, PF5 (b) is a polar molecule, because the five fluorine atoms are arranged around the central phosphorus atom in a trigonal bipyramidal shape, and the dipole moments of the five P-F bonds do not cancel each other out. The molecule has a net dipole moment pointing towards the more electronegative fluorine atoms.

For more question on polar click on

https://brainly.com/question/17118815

#SPJ11

The following radicals in order of decreasing stability, putting the most stable first:  CH₃CH₂ (Primary Radical) > H₂C=CHCH₂ (Allylic Radical)

> CH₃CHCH₃ (Secondary Radical) > (CH₃)₃C (Tertiary Radical)

Radicals are generally more stable when they have more substituents attached to the carbon atom with the unpaired electron. This is because the electron delocalization helps stabilize the molecule. The order of stability for these radicals is:

Tertiary (IV) > Secondary (III) > Allylic (II) > Primary (I)

When three bulky groups are attached to the carbon it is a tertiary radical, when two bulky groups attached it is secondary radical and when only one bulky group is attached, it is a primary radical.

To know more about radical here

https://brainly.com/question/17192138

#SPJ4

The complete question should be

rank the following radicals in order of decreasing stability, putting the most stable first.i. CH3CH₂ ii. H₂C=CHCH₂ iii. CH3CHCH3 IV. (CH3)3CA. II>IV>III>IB. III>II>IV>IC. IV>III>II>ID. IV>III>I>II

There are 4.54 grams of chromium in 100ml of a solution which is 0.1M in [Cr(H₂O)₆] (NO₃)₃.

To calculate the number of grams of chromium in 100ml of a solution which is 0.1M in[Cr(H₂O)₆] (NO₃)₃ , we need to use the molar mass of the compound and the concentration of the solution.

The molar mass of[Cr(H₂O)₆] (NO₃)₃ can be calculated as follows:

Cr = 1 x 52 = 52
H = 12 x 6 = 72
O = 16 x 18 = 288
N = 14 x 3 = 42
Total molar mass = 454 g/mol

Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of [Cr(H₂O)₆] (NO₃)₃  in 100ml of the solution:

0.1 M = 0.1 moles per liter
100 ml = 0.1 liters

Number of moles = concentration x volume = 0.1 x 0.1 = 0.01 moles

Finally, we can calculate the number of grams of chromium in 0.01 moles of [Cr(H₂O)₆] (NO₃)₃.

Number of grams = number of moles x molar mass = 0.01 x 454 = 4.54 grams

Therefore, there are 4.54 grams of chromium in 100ml of a solution which is 0.1M in [Cr(H₂O)₆] (NO₃)₃.

To know more about chromium, refer

https://brainly.com/question/28614686

#SPJ11

We, need to measure 58.3 ml of the 12.0 M stock NaOH solution and dilute it with distilled water to a final volume of 1000 ml to obtain a 0.700 M NaOH solution.

To make 1000 ml of a 0.700 M NaOH solution from a 12.0 M stock NaOH solution, you can use the following formula;

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

where M₁ is concentration of the stock solution, V₁ is the volume of stock solution needed, M₂ is desired concentration of the new solution, and V₂ is final volume of the new solution.

Substituting the values given in the problem;

M₁ = 12.0 M

M₂ = 0.700 M

V₂ = 1000 ml = 1.0 L

Solving for V₁;

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

12.0 M × V₁ = 0.700 M × 1.0 L

V₁ = (0.700 M × 1.0 L) / 12.0 M

V₁ = 0.0583 L or 58.3 ml

Therefore, you need to measure 58.3 ml of the 12.0 M stock NaOH solution and dilute it with distilled water to a final volume of 1000 ml to obtain a 0.700 M NaOH solution.

To know more about stock solution here

https://brainly.com/question/28083950

#SPJ4

The electron configuration for carbon is 1s² 2s² 2p², which indicates that it has two electrons in the 1s orbital, two electrons in the 2s orbital, and two electrons in the 2p orbital.

The Lewis valence electron diagram for carbon shows four valence electrons, represented by dots around the element symbol. The first two dots are placed on different sides of the symbol to represent the two electrons in the 2s orbital, while the remaining two dots are placed above and below the symbol to represent the two electrons in the 2p orbital. This arrangement of valence electrons is crucial in determining the chemical behavior of carbon, which is essential in many biological and industrial processes.

To know more about Lewis valence electron, here

brainly.com/question/24003492

#SPJ4

--The complete Question is, Use the electron arrangement interactive to practice building electron arrangements. Then, write the electron configuration and draw the Lewis valence electron diagram for carbon. --

Using the ideal gas law equation, understanding the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature, and solving for the number of moles of gas using the given pressure and volume.

To answer this question, we can use the ideal gas law equation, PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. Since we are assuming ideal behavior, we can assume that n and R are constant.
First, we need to find the initial number of moles of hydrogen gas using the given pressure and volume. Rearranging the ideal gas law equation to solve for n, we get n = PV/RT. Plugging in the values, we get:
n = (22.0 atm)(15.0 L)/(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(temperature)
Next, we can use this value of n to find the final volume of the gas at the given pressure of 9.70 atm. Again using the ideal gas law equation, we can solve for V:
V = nRT/P
Plugging in the known values and the previously calculated value of n, we get:
V = [(22.0 atm)(15.0 L)/(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(temperature)](9.70 atm)
Simplifying, we get:
V = (22.0/0.0821)(15.0)(9.70) = 4,767.28 L
Therefore, at the same temperature, the 15.0 L sample of hydrogen gas would occupy a volume of 4,767.28 L at a pressure of 9.70 atm. Answering this question required using the ideal gas law equation, understanding the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature, and solving for the number of moles of gas using the given pressure and volume.

To know more about Hydrogen gas visit:

https://brainly.com/question/12494649

#SPJ11

To calculate the heat given off, we first need to determine the limiting reactant between oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO). We can do this by comparing the moles of each reactant. The molar mass of oxygen (O2) is 32.00 g/mol.

1. Convert the mass of oxygen to moles: 10.0 g / 32.00 g/mol = 0.3125 mol.

Next, we need to determine the moles of carbon monoxide required for the reaction. From the balanced equation, we see that 2 moles of carbon monoxide react with 1 mole of oxygen.

2. Convert the moles of oxygen to moles of carbon monoxide: 0.3125 mol O2 * (2 mol CO / 1 mol O2) = 0.625 mol CO.

Since the moles of oxygen (0.3125 mol) are less than the moles of carbon monoxide (0.625 mol), oxygen is the limiting reactant.

Now, we can calculate the heat given off using the stoichiometry of the reaction and the given enthalpy change. From the balanced equation, we see that 2 moles of carbon monoxide react to produce -283.0 kJ of heat.

3. Calculate the heat given off: 0.625 mol CO * (-283.0 kJ / 2 mol CO) = -176.56 kJ.

Therefore, approximately -176.56 kJ of heat will be given off when 10.0 grams of oxygen react with an unlimited supply of carbon monoxide. The negative sign indicates that heat is being released in an exothermic reaction.

To learn more about exothermic reaction click here : brainly.com/question/28546817

#SPJ11

The maximum amount of energy produced by a reaction that can be theoretically harnessed as work is equal to the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of the reaction.

This is the energy difference between the reactants and products at constant pressure and temperature.
ΔG represents the amount of energy that is available to do work. If ΔG is negative, the reaction is exergonic and energy is released, meaning it can be used to perform work. If ΔG is positive, the reaction is endergonic and energy must be supplied in order for the reaction to occur.
It is important to note that the maximum amount of energy that can be harnessed as work is always less than the total energy released by the reaction. This is due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that in any energy transfer or transformation, some energy will be lost as unusable energy (usually heat) that cannot be converted to work.
Therefore, it is essential to consider the efficiency of energy conversion when designing systems that aim to harness energy from chemical reactions. This is especially important in sustainable energy production, where maximizing efficiency is crucial for reducing waste and minimizing environmental impact.

To learn more about Gibbs free energy change, refer:-

https://brainly.com/question/4002787

#SPJ11

247.52 g/mol is the right answer, which is d. Finding the atomic masses of each element in the combination and multiplying them by the number of atoms present will allow us to get the molar mass of Mg(ClO4)2.

Magnesium's atomic mass is 24.31 g/mol, chlorine's atomic mass is 35.45 g/mol, and oxygen's atomic mass is 16.00 g/mol.

Since there are two ClO4- ions in the combination, we must double the atomic masses of Cl and O by 2 and 8, respectively.

Molar mass is equal to 24.31 g/mol plus 2.35 g/mol plus 8.16 g/mol.

Molar mass is equal to 24.31 g/mol plus 2 (35.45 g/mol plus 128.0 g/mol).

Molar mass is equal to 24.31 g/mol plus 2 (163.45 g/mol)
Molar mass is equal to 24.31 g/mol and 326.90 g/mol.

351.21 g/mol is the molar mass.

The presence of two ClO4- ions in the molecule must be taken into consideration, though. Therefore, we must multiply the determined molar mass by 2.

Final molar mass: 351.21 g/mol times two.

247.52 g/mol is the final molar mass.

Therefore, d. 247.52 g/mol is the right response.
To know more about atomic mass visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29117302

#SPJ11

The major product formed by 1,4-addition of HCl to 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene is 1-chloro-2-methylcyclohexene. This is because the HCl will add across the conjugated diene system, forming a carbocation intermediate. The carbocation intermediate will then undergo rearrangement to the more stable tertiary carbocation, leading to the formation of the major product.

Therefore, the major product formed by 1,4-addition of HCl to 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene is 1-chloro-2-methylcyclohexene.

Learn more about carbocations at: https://brainly.com/question/31538109

#SPJ11

Oxidation is a chemical process in which a substance loses electrons, leading to an increase in its oxidation state. Where reduction is a chemical process in which a substance gains electrons, resulting in a decrease in its oxidation state.

In the electrochemical cells, oxidation occurs at the anode, while reduction occurs at the cathode.

This is because the anode serves as the site where the loss of electrons takes place, whereas the cathode is where the gain of electrons occurs.

In your specific experiments with tin sulfate, aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and zinc sulfate paired with copper gluconate using KCl strips to show voltage, the metal in each sulfate solution would be oxidized at the anode, and copper in the copper gluconate solution would be reduced at the cathode.

Read more about Oxidation and reduction.

https://brainly.com/question/29850703

#SPJ11