Macroeconomics is a field of economics that studies the entire economic system, including inflation, output, national income, and other economic indicators.
Macroeconomics has several concepts, including average total cost, marginal cost, opportunity cost, moral hazard, and asymmetric information. In this discussion, I will briefly explain each of the concepts and how they are used in macroeconomics. Average Total Cost: Average Total Cost is the total cost of producing a good or service divided by the total quantity produced.
This concept is used to determine the minimum price that a firm must charge to cover its costs and make a profit. Marginal Cost:Marginal Cost is the additional cost of producing one more unit of a good or service. This concept is used to determine the optimal level of production and the pricing of goods and services.
Opportunity Cost: Opportunity Cost is the value of the next best alternative foregone when a decision is made. This concept is used to determine the cost of decision-making and to allocate resources efficiently.
In conclusion, Average Total Cost, Marginal cost, Opportunity cost, moral hazard, and Asymmetric information are important concepts in macroeconomics. They help us understand how the economy works and how to allocate resources efficiently.
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Ethical behavior is essential to the conduct of business activity Consider each of the following business behaviors:
Required:
Identify each behavior as ethical or unethical
a. A manager prepares financial statements that grossly overstate the performance of the business
b. A CPA resigns from an audit engagement rather than allow a business client to violate an accounting standard.
An internal auditor decides against confronting an employee of the business with minor violations of business policy. The employee is a former college classmate of the
auditor
d. An accountant advises his client on ways to legally minimize tax payments to the government.
6. A manager legally reduces the price of a product to secure a larger share of the market.
f. Managers of several large companies secretly meet to plan price reductions designed to drive up-and-coming competitors out of the market.
g. An accountant keeps confidential details of the employer's legal operations that would be of interest to the public.
h. A recently dismissed accountant tells comperors details about her former employer's operations as she seeks a new job
Ethical behavior is essential to the conduct of business activity. Here is the identification of each behavior as ethical or unethical:a. A manager prepares financial statements that grossly overstate the performance of the business.
It is considered an unethical behavior because preparing false financial statements is an act of fraud and can lead to legal action.Managers of several large companies secretly meet to plan price reductions designed to drive up-and-coming competitors out of the market.
It is considered an unethical behavior because this is an illegal antitrust practice that is aimed to reduce competition in the market. A recently dismissed accountant tells comperors . It is considered an unethical behavior because it violates the confidentiality agreement between the employer and the accountant.
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which of the following categories includes the abilities to listen, understand, and build relationships with others?
The category that includes the ability to listen, understand, and build relationships with others is interpersonal skills.
Interpersonal skills refer to the abilities and qualities that enable individuals to effectively interact and communicate with others. These skills play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining relationships, collaborating with team members, and fostering positive connections in personal and professional settings. Listening is a fundamental interpersonal skill that involves actively paying attention to others, understanding their messages, and responding appropriately. It demonstrates respect, empathy, and the willingness to understand different perspectives. Understanding, another interpersonal skill, involves the capacity to comprehend and interpret information, emotions, and needs of others accurately. It requires empathy, perspective-taking, and the ability to put oneself in others' shoes.
Building relationships is a key aspect of interpersonal skills, which involves forming connections, establishing rapport, and nurturing positive interactions with individuals or groups. It encompasses elements such as effective communication, trust-building, collaboration, conflict resolution, and the ability to adapt to diverse personalities and cultural backgrounds.
Overall, interpersonal skills are essential for effective communication, relationship building, teamwork, leadership, and overall success in various personal and professional contexts. These skills enable individuals to connect with others, foster understanding, and build harmonious and productive relationships.
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a brand story is a platform from which recognition, loyalty, and revenue are driven. what are the core components of a brand? (select all that apply.)
The core components of a brand are: Name, Logo, Tagline, Jingle, Visual Identity, Brand Voice, and Corporate Culture.
A brand story is a platform from which recognition, loyalty, and revenue are driven. The following are the core components of a brand:
Name: The name is the primary component of a brand. It is how your audience recognizes your brand.
Logo: A brand logo is the next important element of a brand. A logo should be straightforward, easy to read, and attractive to look at.
Tagline: A tagline is a brief phrase that summarizes the essence of your brand. A great tagline can help a brand stick in people's minds.
Jingle: A jingle is a song or tune that is commonly associated with your brand. A good jingle can be remembered for years to come and may help people to remember your brand.
Visual Identity: Visual identity includes everything that is visible in your brand, from color schemes to fonts and visual symbols.
Brand Voice: A brand's voice refers to the way that the brand communicates with its audience, from the tone of the content to the choice of words used to convey messages.
Corporate Culture: Corporate culture is an essential component of any brand, as it reflects the values and beliefs of a brand and informs how employees engage with customers and the public in general.
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If leakages in an economy are less than injections, what would
expect to happen in regard to economic activity?
Select one:
a.
contract
b.
expand
c.
hold steady
d.
increase in the short-run and declin
If leakages in an economy are less than injections, one would expect economic activity to expand.
This is due to the fact that injections are the opposite of leakages in an economy. Leaks are monies that are taken out of the economy, such as by taxes, saving, and imports.
Injections are monies that are put into the economy, such as by investments, exports, and government spending.
In an economy, leakages are equivalent to injections, implying that whatever comes out is put back in.
This implies that the economy's size does not increase or decrease over time. If leakages in the economy are less than injections, the amount of money going out is less than the amount of money going in.
This means that the size of the economy is increasing and that economic activity is expanding.
In the short term, this will lead to increased economic activity, but in the long run, the growth will slow slow as the economy reaches its natural level.
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A firm started the year with retained earnings of $8,700 and ended the year with retained earnings of $8,250. During the year, the firm earned a net income of $3,100. How much did the firm pay in dividends?
Multiple Choice
$3,550
$2,650
$550
$2,550
$3,650
The firm paid in $3,550 dividends.
The correct answer to the given question is option a.
A firm began the year with retained earnings of $8,700 and ended the year with retained earnings of $8,250.
In other words, the firm had a reduction in its retained earnings account of $450 (i.e. $8,700 - $8,250). The firm's net income for the year is $3,100, which means that the total amount of dividends paid by the firm during the year is equal to:
Dividends = Beginning Retained Earnings - Ending Retained Earnings + Net Income
Dividends = $8,700 - $8,250 + $3,100Dividends = $3,550
However, if the firm's dividends paid during the year were more than its net income, then the value calculated would be negative, which is not the case here. As a result, the amount of dividends paid by the firm during the year is $550.
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the most important/essential results from the latest decision round that company managers need to review/study in order to guide their strategic moves and decisions to improve their company's competitiveness and overall performance on the five investor-expected performance targets in the upcoming decision round are
a. the two graphs at the bottom of p. 4 of each issue of the GSR.
b. the dividend data and credit rating data on p. 7 of each issue of the GSR.
c. the Quarterly Snapshot data in the top section of the Competitive Intelligence Report that shows each company's competitive efforts (advertising, tech support, prices, P/Q ratings, promotional activities, and so on) in each geographic region.
d. the Industry Scoreboard on p. 1 of each issue of the GLO-BUS Statistical Review (GSR).
e. the strategic group maps for each geographic region that appear in the middle of each Quarterly Snapshot page in the Competitive intelligence Report.
The most important/essential results that company managers need to review and study in order to guide their strategic moves and decisions to improve their company's competitiveness and overall performance on the five investor-expected performance targets in the upcoming decision round are:
The two graphs at the bottom of page 4 of each issue of the GSR (GLO-BUS Statistical Review). By analyzing these graphs, managers can identify trends and make informed decisions.Dividend data shows the company's distribution of profits to shareholders, while credit rating data indicates the company's financial stability and ability to meet its financial obligations.Analyzing this data helps managers understand their position in the market and make adjustments to improve their competitiveness.
The Industry Scoreboard on page 1 of each issue of the GSR. The Industry Scoreboard provides an overview of the industry's performance, including key metrics such as market share, sales growth, and profitability.The strategic group maps for each geographic region that appear in the middle of each Quarterly Snapshot page in the Competitive Intelligence Report.Understanding the position of the company's strategic group in relation to competitors can guide managers in making decisions to gain a competitive advantage.
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Banks attempt to screen good credit risks from bad to reduce the incidence of loan defaults. To do this, banks
A) specialize in lending to certain industries or regions.
B) write restrictive covenants into loan contracts.
C) expend resources to acquire accurate credit histories of their potential loan customers. D) do all of the above.
Banks use a variety of methods to screen good credit risks from bad, including acquiring accurate credit histories, specializing in lending to certain industries or regions etc.
Acquiring accurate credit histories of their potential loan customers. This is one of the most important ways that banks screen for good credit risks. A credit history shows how a person or business has managed their debt in the past, and it can be a good indicator of how they will manage their debt in the future.
Specializing in lending to certain industries or regions. Banks may specialize in lending to certain industries or regions because they have more knowledge about those industries or regions and the risks associated with them.
Writing restrictive covenants into loan contracts. Restrictive covenants are clauses in loan contracts that place restrictions on the borrower's activities. Restrictive covenants can help to reduce the risk of default by making it more difficult for the borrower to get into financial trouble.
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Crisp Cookware's common stock is expected to pay a dividend of $3 a share at the end of this year (D 1
=$3.00); its beta is 0.9. The risk-free rate is 4.7% and the market risk premium is 5%. The dividend is expected to grow at some constant rate, 9L and the stock currently seils for $80 a share. Assuming the market is in equilibrium, what does the market believe will be the stock's price at the end of 3 years (i.e. what is P
^
3
) ? Do not round intermediate caiculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
The market believes that the stock's price at the end of 3 years will be $488 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Given data:
Dividend at the end of this year D1 = $3.00
Beta = 0.9
Risk-free rate = 4.7%
Market risk premium = 5%
Constant rate = g
= 9%
Stock's current price = $80 a share
The cost of equity is given by
CAPM = Rf + β(Rm - Rf)
CAPM = 4.7% + 0.9(5%)
CAPM = 9.2%
The dividend in the next year is expected to grow at a constant rate, g = 9%
Therefore, Dividend in Year 2, D2 = D1 × (1 + g)
D2 = $3.00 × (1 + 9%)
D2 = $3.27T
he dividend in Year 3, D3 = D2 × (1 + g)
D3 = $3.27 × (1 + 9%)
D3 = $3.56
The price of the stock at the end of the year can be calculated using the constant growth model as shown below:
P3 = D4 / (Re - g)
where,
Re = cost of equity capital
g = constant growth rate
Dividend in Year 4, D4 = D3 × (1 + g)
D4 = $3.56 × (1 + 9%)
D4 = $3.88
P3 = D4 / (Re - g)
P3 = $3.88 / (9.2% - 9%)
P3 = $488
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evaluating performance and verifying inventory levels are examples of: a. leading. b. decision making. c. organizing. d. planning. e. controlling.
The correct answer is e. controlling.
Controlling involves monitoring and regulating activities to ensure they align with predetermined standards and goals.
Evaluating performance and verifying inventory levels are specific tasks within the controlling function. Performance evaluation helps assess whether operations are meeting desired targets, while verifying inventory levels ensures that they are in line with expected quantities. Controlling involves comparing actual results against established benchmarks, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions as necessary. It plays a crucial role in maintaining organizational efficiency and effectiveness by continuously monitoring and adjusting operations. Therefore, evaluating performance and verifying inventory levels are examples of controlling activities within the broader management process.
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When a multinational wants foreign exchange for a limited time, it should use the ____ to avoid risk.
Group of answer choices
currency swap
buy at a premium
forward market
spot market
When a multinational wants foreign exchange for a limited time, it should use the currency swap to avoid risk.
1. Currency Swap: A currency swap is a financial arrangement between two parties where they agree to exchange a specific amount of one currency for an equivalent amount of another currency. In this case, when a multinational requires foreign exchange for a limited time, it can enter into a currency swap agreement to mitigate risk.
2. Risk Mitigation: By utilizing a currency swap, the multinational can effectively manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. The agreement allows the multinational to exchange the needed foreign currency for its domestic currency at an agreed-upon exchange rate.
3. Limited Time Period: Since the multinational requires foreign exchange for a specific duration, a currency swap is suitable as it provides a fixed exchange rate for the duration of the agreement. This eliminates the risk associated with potential currency fluctuations in the spot market or forward market.
4. Avoiding Spot Market and Forward Market Risks: The spot market involves the immediate exchange of currencies at the prevailing exchange rate, which can be subject to volatility.
The forward market allows parties to agree on an exchange rate today for a future date, but it still carries the risk of market fluctuations. By opting for a currency swap, the multinational can bypass these risks and ensure stability in the foreign exchange rate during the required time period.
5. Flexibility and Customization: Currency swap agreements can be tailored to meet the specific needs of the multinational, including the amount of currency exchanged and the duration of the swap. This flexibility adds an extra layer of risk management for the multinational.
In summary, when a multinational corporation needs foreign exchange for a limited time, it should utilize a currency swap to avoid risks associated with spot market volatility and forward market fluctuations.
A currency swap provides stability and certainty by offering a fixed exchange rate for the agreed-upon duration, effectively managing the multinational's exposure to foreign exchange risks.
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What is the first step you should take if you realize that you are not going to be able to make a debt payment? Contact a Licensed Insolvency Trustee Contact the creditor and see if they can work with you to come up with some payment alternatives. Declare bankruptcy File a consumer proposal with the creditor to reduce the debt
If you realize that you are unable to make a debt payment, the first step you should take is to contact the creditor and discuss your situation with them.
It's important to communicate with your creditor as soon as possible to explain your financial difficulties and explore potential alternatives.
When you contact the creditor, you can explain your current financial situation and express your inability to make the scheduled payment.
In some cases, the creditor may be willing to work with you to develop a modified payment plan, offer a temporary payment deferral, or provide other alternatives that can help you manage your debt.
It's generally advisable to try resolving the issue directly with the creditor before considering more drastic measures such as declaring bankruptcy or filing a consumer proposal.
These options should typically be considered as a last resort when all other possibilities have been explored and are not feasible.
If you find it challenging to negotiate with your creditor or your financial situation is more complex, you may consider seeking professional advice from a Licensed Insolvency Trustee (formerly known as a bankruptcy trustee).
They are licensed professionals who can provide guidance and help you explore all available options, including bankruptcy or a consumer proposal, based on your specific circumstances.
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Donner Company is selling a plece of land adjacent to its business premises, An appraisal reported the market value of the land to be $218,269. The Focus Company initialy offered to buy the land for $178,411. The companies setbed on a purchase price of $213,307, On the same day, another piece of iand on the same block sold for 3237,908. Under the cost concept, at what amount should the land be recorded in the accounting records of Focus Company? a. 5737,008 b. $218π20 c. 3213,397 d. \$178.411
Donner Company is selling a piece of land adjacent to its business premises. An appraisal reported the market value of the land to be $218,269.
The Focus Company initially offered to buy the land for $178,411.
The companies settled on a purchase price of $213,307. On the same day, another piece of land on the same block sold for 3237,908.
Under the cost concept, the land should be recorded in the accounting records of Focus Company at the amount at which it was purchased, i.e., $213,307.
Although another piece of land on the same block was sold for $237,908 on the same day, that transaction doesn't relate to the cost of the land purchased by the Focus Company.
A cost concept is an accounting concept that is applied to the records of business organizations and assets.
The cost concept establishes that assets should be recorded at the price at which they were purchased.
Any subsequent rise in their value cannot be recorded in the books.
Likewise, if the value of an asset falls, it is not to be written off, as that is not permissible under the cost concept.
Thus, under the cost concept, the amount at which the land should be recorded in the accounting records of Focus Company is $213,307. Option C is the correct answer.
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samtech manufacturing purchased land and a building for $4 million. in addition to the purchase price, samtech made the following expenditures in connection with the purchase of the land and building: title insurance $ 16,000 legal fees for drawing the contract 5,000 pro-rated property taxes for the period after acquisition 36,000 state transfer fees 4,000
According to the information we can infer that the total cost of the land and building purchase for Samtech Manufacturing is $4,061,000.
How to calculate the total cost of the land and building purchase?To calculate the total cost of the land and building purchase, we need to add the purchase price to the expenditures made in connection with the purchase:
Purchase price: $4,000,000Title insurance: $16,000Legal fees: $5,000Pro-rated property taxes: $36,000State transfer fees: $4,000Total cost = Purchase price + Title insurance + Legal fees + Pro-rated property taxes + State transfer feesTotal cost = $4,000,000 + $16,000 + $5,000 + $36,000 + $4,000Total cost = $4,061,000According to the above we can conclude that the total cost of the land and building purchase for Samtech Manufacturing is $4,061,000.
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Entry of Notes Payable in Installments
On the first of January 2022, Empresas Buenapaga took out a loan of $100,000 in cash by signing an installment note payable that requires four annual payments that include payment to the principal and interest at 7% payable every December 31, 2022 to 2025.
Required:
Compute the amount of the annual loan payment assuming that the applicable present value of annuity factor is 3.3872
Make the journal entry to recognize the loan taken on the first of January 2022.
Make the journal entry to recognize the payment of the first term of the loan on December 31 , 2022.
The entry of notes payable in installments refers to the acquisition of a loan by a company that is paid in periodic installments. The loan amount is paid back in small amounts over time with interest. The journal entry is made to record the acquisition of the loan and its payments.
Annual loan payment = Loan amount / Present value of annuity factor
Given that Empresas Buenapaga took out a loan of $100,000 and the present value of annuity factor is 3.3872, we can calculate the annual loan payment as follows:
Annual loan payment = $100,000 / 3.3872 = $29,513.17 (rounded to the nearest cent)
The journal entry to recognize the loan taken on the first of January 2022 is as follows:
Date Account Title and Explanation Debit Credit
Jan. 1, 2022Cash100,000
Notes Payable100,000
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Lou Barlow, a divisional manager for Sage Company, has an opportunity to manufacture and sell one of two new products for a five-year period. His annual pay raises are determined by his division’s return on investment (ROI), which has exceeded 23% each of the last three years. He has computed the cost and revenue estimates for each product as follows:
Product A Product B
Initial investment: Cost of equipment (zero salvage value) $ 310,000 $ 510,000
Annual revenues and costs: Sales revenues $ 360,000 $ 460,000
Variable expenses $ 164,000 $ 214,000
Depreciation expense $ 62,000 $ 102,000
Fixed out-of-pocket operating costs $ 81,000 $ 65,000
The company’s discount rate is 18%.
1. Calculate the payback period for each product.
2. Calculate the net present value for each product.
3. Calculate the internal rate of return for each product.
4. Calculate the project profitability index for each product.
5. Calculate the simple rate of return for each product.
Product A has a shorter payback period, positive NPV, higher IRR, higher PPI, and higher SRR, making it the better choice.
1. The payback period is the length of time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered. To calculate the payback period, we sum up the annual cash flows until the total becomes equal to or exceeds the initial investment.
For Product A:
Payback period = $310,000 / ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) = 2.07 years
For Product B:
Payback period = $510,000 / ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) = 2.44 years
2. Net present value (NPV) represents the present value of cash inflows minus the present value of cash outflows. We calculate the NPV by discounting each cash flow at the company's discount rate and then summing them up.
For Product A:
NPV = ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / (1 + 0.18) + ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / (1 + 0.18)^2 + ... - $310,000 = $32,504.59
For Product B:
NPV = ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / (1 + 0.18) + ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / (1 + 0.18)^2 + ... - $510,000 = -$72,746.84
3. The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the NPV of a project equal to zero. It represents the project's rate of return.
For Product A:
IRR = 31.19%
For Product B:
IRR = 15.47%
4. The project profitability index (PPI) is calculated by dividing the present value of cash inflows by the present value of cash outflows.
For Product A:
PPI = ($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / $310,000 = 1.10
For Product B:
PPI = ($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / $510,000 = 0.95
5. The simple rate of return (SRR) is calculated by dividing the average annual net cash inflow by the initial investment and expressing it as a percentage.
For Product A:
SRR = (($360,000 - $164,000 - $62,000 - $81,000) / 5) / $310,000 = 6.87%
For Product B:
SRR = (($460,000 - $214,000 - $102,000 - $65,000) / 5) / $510,000 = 5.32%
Overall, based on these calculations, Product A has a shorter payback period, positive NPV, higher IRR, higher PPI, and higher SRR compared to Product B. Therefore, Product A appears to be the more favorable option.
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assume you are in the 24 percent tax bracket and purchase a 5.80 percent, tax-exempt municipal bond. calculate the taxable equivalent yield for this investment using the formula
The taxable equivalent yield for the tax-exempt municipal bond, assuming a 24% tax bracket, is approximately 7.632%.
To calculate the taxable equivalent yield for a tax-exempt municipal bond, you can use the following formula:
Taxable Equivalent Yield = Tax-Exempt Yield / (1 - Tax Rate)
In this case, the tax-exempt yield is 5.80%, and the tax rate is 24%.
Taxable Equivalent Yield = 5.80% / (1 - 0.24)
First, let's calculate 1 - 0.24:
1 - 0.24 = 0.76
Now, divide the tax-exempt yield by the result:
Taxable Equivalent Yield = 5.80% / 0.76
Taxable Equivalent Yield ≈ 7.632%
Therefore, the taxable equivalent yield for the tax-exempt municipal bond, assuming a 24% tax bracket, is approximately 7.632%.
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Demo Problem 2 Solving T-Account
Candy's Cups manufactures and sells plastic party cups. At the beginning of the period they had 37,000 tons of plastic in direct materials inventory. During the period the firm purchased an additional 45,000 tons of plastic. At the end of the period the firm had 39,000 tons of plastic remaining in inventory. How many tons of plastic were used in production during the period?
According to the question 43,000 tons of plastic were used in production during the period.
To determine the number of tons of plastic used in production during the period, we can use the concept of the T-account.
The formula for calculating the plastic used in production is as follows:
Plastic Used in Production = Beginning Direct Materials Inventory + Purchases - Ending Direct Materials Inventory
Given information:
Beginning Direct Materials Inventory = 37,000 tons
Purchases = 45,000 tons
Ending Direct Materials Inventory = 39,000 tons
Using the formula, we can calculate the plastic used in production:
Plastic Used in Production = 37,000 tons + 45,000 tons - 39,000 tons
Plastic Used in Production = 43,000 tons
Therefore, 43,000 tons of plastic were used in production during the period.
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Barbourry Ltd is a small manufacturer based in Sunderland, which manufactures and sells clothes mainly for the export market but which also retails from its own locally based shop. Hannah, aged 28, took up employment with Barbourry Ltd as the shop’s part-time assistant manager on a job-share basis with her colleague Karen from 1st January 2020. Hannah became its full-time manager on 1st January 2021. Apart from normal holiday entitlement Hannah has only one other period of absence on her record during this period, specifically a five-day absence due to illness. On 1st January 2022, the company formally notified Hannah that her services were no longer required following the planned closure of the shop so that the company can concentrate on its export commitments. The notice specified that Hannah would not receive any recompense for the loss of her employment but she could if she wished take up an alternative post as a packer on the distribution line at a much-reduced salary.
Hannah had only one other period of absence on her record during this period, specifically a five-day absence due to illness.
Barbourry Ltd is a small manufacturer based in Sunderland, which manufactures and sells clothes mainly for the export market but which also retails from its own locally based shop.
Hannah aged 28, took up employment with Barbourry Ltd as the shop’s part-time assistant manager on a job-share basis with her colleague Karen from 1st January 2020 and became its full-time manager on 1st January 2021.
On 1st January 2022, the company formally notified Hannah that her services were no longer required following the planned closure of the shop so that the company can concentrate on its export commitments.
The notice specified that Hannah would not receive any recompense for the loss of her employment but she could if she wished take up an alternative post as a packer on the distribution line at a much-reduced salary.
Hannah had only one other period of absence on her record during this period, specifically a five-day absence due to illness.
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according to the CAGE distance network, the letter "E" stands for
The CAGE Distance Framework helps international businesses to choose which country to expand to by identifying the differences between countries. It stands for Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, and Economic.
Each of these differences can affect how easy or difficult it is for a company to enter and succeed in a particular market. So, the letter "E" in CAGE distance network stands for "Economic." Therefore, it describes the degree of difference between the economies of two countries.CAGE distance network frameworkThis framework was introduced by Pankaj Ghemawat. The model helps to evaluate the differences between countries that companies must address when expanding their operations internationally. The CAGE distance framework is divided into four dimensions: Administrative, Cultural, Geographic, and Economic distance. The CAGE Distance Framework helps businesses to analyze which markets to enter and how to enter them to maximize their chances of success.
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Calculating Contribution Margin and Contribution Margin Ratiod Identilying Break.Even Polnt. Target Profit \{LO 6-1, 6-2] Reaulred: 1. Congieke tho distcente ulie lareret. Compiete this gukstien Ey entering your anmwerd in the tabs below. 4. Cakulate-Sandy Bary's breas-even poirt in units and in sales dollars: 5. Suppose 5 andy Banf wants to earn $75.000 profit this yea. Casculate the number of cances that must be sold to ochieve this target Cemplete this questien by entering yeur answers in the tabs below. 5uppose 5andy Bank seils its canoes for $550 each. Cokdate the confritubon mayin per canse and the conthbution margit Cowpleke thia questian by anterisg your answars in the taks below. E6-5 (Static) Calculating Contribution Margin and Contribution Margin Ratio; Identifying Break-Even Point, Target Profit [LO 6-1, 6-2] Sandy Bank, Inc., makes one model of wooden canoe. Partial information is given below. Required: 1. Complete the following table. 2. Suppose Sandy Bank selts its canoes for $550 eoch. Calculate the contribution margin per canoe and the contribution margin fatio. 3. This year Sandy Bank expects to sell 820 canoes. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the comparny: 4. Calculate Sandy Bank's break-even point in units and in sales dolars: 5. Suppose Sandy Bank wants to earn $75.000 profit this yene. Calculate the number of canoes that must be sold to achieve this targeti Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Complete the following table. (Round your answers to 2 decimat piaces.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Complete the following table. (Round your answers to 2 decimai places.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Suppose Sandy Bank sells its canoes for $550 each. Calculate the contributian margin per canoe and the contribution margin ratio. (Round your percentage answer to 2 decimal places. (i.e. 1234 should be entered as 1234%.)) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. This year 5 andy Bank expects to sell 820 canoes. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the company. (Round yout intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Calculate Sandy Bank's break-even point in units and in sales dollars. (Round final answers to the nearest whole number.) Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Suppose Sandy Bank wants to earn $75,000 profit this year. Calculate the number of canoes that must be sold to achieve this target. (Round Unit Contribution Margin to 2 decimal places. Round your answer to the nearest whole number)
Given Information:Sandy Bank, Inc., makes one model of wooden canoe. Partial information is given below.Cost per unit Fixed Cost per Year Selling price per canoe Variable cost per canoe Required:1. Complete the following table.
2. Suppose Sandy Bank sells its canoes for $550 each. Calculate the contribution margin per canoe and the contribution margin ratio.3. This year Sandy Bank expects to sell 820 canoes. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for the company.4. Calculate Sandy Bank's break-even point in units and in sales dollars:
Statement:Calculation of Contribution Margin Income Statement Sales (820 x $550) $451,000 Less: Variable Costs: Variable cost per canoe (820 x $350) $287,000 Contribution Margin $164,000 Less: Fixed Costs: Fixed Cost per Year $128,000 Net Operating Income $36,0003. Calculation of Break-Even Point:Break-Even Point (Units) = Fixed Costs / Unit Contribution MarginBreak-Even Point (Units) = $128,000 / $200Break-Even Point (Units) = 640 unitsBreak-Even Point (Sales Dollars) = Selling Price per Unit × Break-even Point (Units)Break-Even Point (Sales Dollars) = $550 × 640Break-Even Point (Sales Dollars) = $352,0004.
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The short-run Phillips curve shows the relationship between Real GDP and the price level that arise in the short run as short-run aggregate supply shifts the economy along the aggregate demand curve. Unemployment and inflation that arise in the short run as short-run aggregate supply shifts the economy along the aggregate demand curve. None of the above is correct. Unemployment and inflation that arise in the short run as aggregate demand shifts the economy along the short-run aggregate supply curve. Sault Ste. Marie decides to build a new hockey stadium. The owner of the construction company that builds the new stadium pays their workers. The workers increase their spending. Firms that the workers buy goods from increase their output. What does this type of effect on spending illustrate? the multiplier effect the crowding-out effect the liquidity preference effect the Fisher effect Question 18 (1 point) The "Production Possibilities Frontier" illustrates All the listed answers are correct The economic concept of "scarcity" as combinations of goods and services beyond the frontier are unattainable, all else being equal. The economic concept of "scarcity" as combinations of goods and services inside the frontier are unattainable, all else being equal. The economic concept of "scarcity" as combinations of goods and services on the frontier are unattainable, all else being equal.
Short-run Phillips Curve shows the relationship between the price level and real GDP that arises in the short run due to shifts in short-run aggregate supply along with the aggregate demand curve. The curve explains the trade-off between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate.
According to the short-run Phillips Curve, the economy experiences a lower level of unemployment due to a higher rate of inflation.The correct option for the effect of spending that arises due to building a new stadium in Sault Ste. Marie is the multiplier effect. The Multiplier Effect refers to an increase in spending leading to a greater increase in national income and consumption.
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Toronto Food Services is considering installing a new refrigeration system that will cost $700,000. The system will be depreciated at a rate of 20% (Class 8) per year over the system’s five-year life and then it will be sold for $90,000. The new system will save $250,000 per year in pre-tax operating costs. An initial investment of $70,000 will have to be made in working capital. The tax rate is 35% and the discount rate is 10%. Calculate the NPV of the new refrigeration system. show all calculations
NPV is the acronym for "Net Present Value." The net present value is the difference between the current value of cash inflows and outflows in a business. NPV is a simple way to determine whether an investment is worth the expense in today's dollars. By calculating the total cash inflows and outflows of an investment, you may figure out if it is worth the money.
The calculation of NPV is expressed in dollars.Here, the required data for calculating the NPV of the new refrigeration system is given as follows:Cost of new refrigeration system = $700,000Depreciation rate = 20% (Class 8)Pre-tax savings from new system per year = $250,000Initial investment in working capital = $70,000Tax rate = 35%Discount rate = 10%Now, the depreciation rate of the new refrigeration system is:Depreciation Rate = 20% (Class 8)Depreciation of the system = Depreciation Rate * Cost of new system Depreciation of the system = 20% * $700,000 = $140,000The cash flow in the fifth year will be the purchase price plus the after-tax salvage value of the refrigeration system.
Cash flow in fifth year = ($90,000 * (1 - 0.35)) + $90,000 = $130,500The annual cash flow from the new refrigeration system is given by:Annual cash flow = Pre-tax savings from new system per year – Depreciation Annual cash flow = $250,000 - $140,000 Annual cash flow = $110,000Let's now calculate the net cash flow for all the years.Year Cash Flow 0 -770,000 1 40,000 2 40,000 3 40,000 4 40,000 5 170,500Now, we can calculate the NPV using the formula:NPV = -Initial Outlay + PV of cash flowsNPV = -$770,000 + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^1) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^2) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^3) + (40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^4) + (170,500 / (1 + 0.1)^5)NPV = -$770,000 + $31,168.51 + $28,335.92 + $25,759.93 + $23,422.66 + $103,345.59NPV = $41,972.61Therefore, the NPV of the new refrigeration system is $41,972.61.
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mexican president porfirio diaz implemented liberal economic reforms that encouraged foreign capitalists to invest in the country, giving them control of what
Mexican President Porfirio Diaz implemented liberal economic reforms that encouraged foreign capitalists to invest in the country, giving them control of Railroads and oil fields.
Mexican President Porfirio Diaz implemented liberal economic reforms in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the aim of modernizing and developing Mexico's economy. These reforms aimed to attract foreign capitalists and promote investment in the country. Diaz's government provided incentives and concessions to foreign investors, particularly in industries such as railroads and oil fields.
As a result, foreign capitalists gained significant control over these sectors, acquiring ownership and influence over strategic resources and infrastructure. While these reforms did bring some economic development and modernization, they also led to foreign dominance and exploitation of Mexico's natural resources, contributing to social inequalities and political tensions that eventually sparked the Mexican Revolution in 1910.
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The person who is elected by stockholders to determine and carry out the goals and policies of a corporation is legally called:
1.The board advisor
2.The director
3.The chief operating officer
4.The corporate agent
The person who is elected by stockholders to determine and carry out the goals and policies of a corporation is legally called the director. Option 2 is the right answer.
What is a director?A director is an individual elected by the shareholders of a corporation to run the corporation on their behalf.
The director's duties include setting the corporation's strategy, making critical business judgments, and overseeing corporate operations to meet the corporation's objectives.
A director's liability is imposed under both state and federal law, and it can be both civil and criminal liability.
Being a director is a serious responsibility, and it is critical that individuals who accept director positions comprehend the level of responsibility and liability that comes with the position.
Directors have a fiduciary duty to the corporation and the shareholders, meaning they must act in good faith and with the corporation's best interests at heart.
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A bond has a $1,000 par value, 16 years to maturity, and pays a coupon of 6.5% per year, quarterly. The bond is callable in six years at $1,125. If the bond's price is $1,036.89, what is its yield to call?
1) 7.14%
2) 7.20%
3) 7.34%
4) 7.29%
5) 7.40%
Using a financial calculator or Excel's RATE function, we find that the YTC is approximately Option 3. 7.34%.
To calculate the yield to call (YTC) of the bond, we need to find the rate of return that makes the present value of the bond's cash flows equal to its current market price.
The bond has a par value (face value) of $1,000, a maturity of 16 years, and pays a coupon of 6.5% per year, quarterly. The bond is callable in six years at $1,125. The current market price of the bond is $1,036.89.
To calculate the YTC, we will use a financial calculator or an Excel spreadsheet with the following inputs:
N = 6 * 4 (since there are 4 quarters in a year and the bond is callable in 6 years)
I/Y = ?
PV = -1,036.89 (negative because it represents an outgoing cash flow)
PMT = 6.5% * 0.25 * 1,000 (quarterly coupon payment)
FV = 1,125 (the callable price at year 6)
By solving for I/Y (the interest rate or yield), we can find the YTC.
Using a financial calculator or Excel's RATE function, we find that the YTC is approximately 7.34%.
Therefore, the correct answer is 3) 7.34%.
The YTC represents the annualized return an investor would receive if the bond is called at the earliest call date. It takes into account both the coupon payments and the potential call premium. In this case, the bond's price is higher than its call price, so the YTC is higher than the coupon rate. Therefore, the correct option is 3.
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Your corporation is considering replacing older equipment. The old machine is fully depreciated and cost $52,500.00 seven years ago. The old equipment currently has no market value. The new equipment costs $51,800.00. The new equipment will be depreciated to zero using straight-line depreciation for the four-year life of the project. At the end of the project, the equipment is expected to have a salvage value of $14,000.00. The new equipment is expected to save the firm $30,000.00 annually by increasing efficiency and cost savings. The corporation has a tax rate of 32% and a required return on capital of 10.2%. Question 1 What is the total initial cash outflow? (Round to the nearest dollar, and show your answer as a negative number.) Question 2 What are the estimated annual operating cash flows? (Calculate your answer to the nearest dollar amount.) Question 3 What is the terminal cash flow? (Calculate your answer to the nearest dollar.) Question 4 What is the NPV for this project? (Calculate your answer to the nearest dollar.)
Question 1: What is the total initial cash outflow?
Initial cash outflow is the amount of cash that needs to be paid at the start of the project. It is also referred to as the initial investment required to undertake the project. The cash outflows for the purchase of the new equipment are as follows:
Cash outflow = Cost of new equipment – Tax savings on the purchase of new equipment
Cash outflow = $51,800.00 - ($51,800.00 × 32%)
Cash outflow = $51,800.00 - $16,576.00
Cash outflow = $35,224.00
Hence, the total initial cash outflow is $35,224.00.
What are the estimated annual operating cash flows?
The estimated annual operating cash flows can be calculated as follows:
Annual operating cash flows = Savings in operating cost + Depreciation tax shield
Annual operating cash flows = $30,000.00 + (Depreciation per year × Tax rate)
Depreciation per year = (Purchase price – Salvage value) / Life of project
Depreciation per year = ($51,800.00 - $14,000.00) / 4
Depreciation per year = $9,450.00
Annual operating cash flows = $30,000.00 + ($9,450.00 × 0.32)
Annual operating cash flows = $33,044.00
Hence, the estimated annual operating cash flows are $33,044.00
In this case, r is 10.2% and n is 4. NPV can be calculated as follows:
NPV = -$35,224.00 + ($33,044.00 / 1.102) + ($9,520.00 / 1.1024)
NPV = -$35,224.00 + $24,444.00 + $7,617.00
NPV = -$3,163.00
Hence, the NPV for this project is -$3,163.00.
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Listening 2.3 - Libby Larson: "Kyrie" from Missa Gaia
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After listening to Listening 2.3, respond to the following questions:
1. How does Larsen's use of consonance and dissonance impact your experience listening to this setting of a "Kyrie"? Be specific.
2. How does your experience listening to Larsen's "Kyrie" differ from your experience listening to Hildegard von Bingen's "Kyrie"?
1. The way in which Libby Larson utilizes consonance and dissonance influences the listener's experience of her Kyrie setting in a variety of ways. Consonance generates a sense of stability and calm, while dissonance produces a sense of tension and disharmony.
In "Kyrie," there is a great deal of dissonance, which contributes to the music's contemporary style. The dissonance causes a sense of restlessness, as if the music is constantly struggling to break free of its established structure. It is a very anxious, modern composition that differs from the traditional Kyrie settings that we have become accustomed to.
2. Hildegard von Bingen's "Kyrie" is written in a Gregorian Chant style, which is drastically different from Libby Larson's. Bingen's Kyrie has a more stable structure, and the repetition of the chant creates a serene and contemplative mood. This contrasts significantly from Larson's Kyrie, which is full of tense energy and dissonance. While listening to Bingen's "Kyrie," you may feel a sense of calm and peace, while listening to Larson's "Kyrie," you may feel anxious and apprehensive.
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women in the workforce
1. why do organisation advocate for increasing women's participating in the work force
2. what are the issues or barriers for greater participation of women in the workforce
3. how do organisation address these issues or barriers
Women in the workforce:1. Organizations advocate for increasing women's participation in the workforce because of several reasons. For instance, women can bring diverse perspectives and ideas into the company.
When women participate in the workforce, it leads to higher productivity levels, and it also increases the talent pool. Increasing women's participation in the workforce also helps to promote gender equality and reduce the gender pay gap.2. There are several issues or barriers for greater participation of women in the workforce, such as cultural beliefs, lack of education, and workplace discrimination.
Other barriers include workplace harassment, long working hours, and lack of family-friendly policies.3. To address these issues or barriers, organizations must provide education and training opportunities to empower women.Organizations can also tackle workplace discrimination by providing equal opportunities to all employees regardless of gender. Additionally, they can create a safe and supportive working environment that values diversity and promotes respect for all employees.Conclusively, it is essential for organizations to increase women's participation in the workforce by identifying the issues and barriers that women face and implementing strategies to address them.
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a trade surplus occurs when multiple choice tariffs exceed quotas. none of the above. imports exceed exports. quotas exceed tariffs. exports exceed imports.
A trade surplus occurs when exports exceed imports. Thus, option C is the correct option.
It refers to a situation where a country sells more goods and services to other countries than it buys from them. This leads to a positive balance of trade, as the value of exports exceeds the value of imports. A trade surplus can have various implications for an economy, including increased domestic production, higher employment levels, and potential currency appreciation. Tariffs and quotas, on the other hand, are trade barriers implemented by governments to restrict imports, and they are not directly related to the concept of a trade surplus.
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Probably the correct sequence of options are:
a. imports exceed exports.
b. quotas exceed tariffs.
c. exports exceed imports.
d. none of the above.
Explain the characteristics of monopolistic competition. What are the advantages of this market structure to the consumers? Are there any disadvantages of this market structure to the consumers?
Monopolistic competition is a market structure that includes many companies competing for customers' attention. The following are the characteristics of monopolistic competition.
Product differentiation: Each business produces a slightly different version of the same product, which can be labeled, advertised, and packaged differently.Non-price competition: Firms compete based on the quality of their products, customer service, branding, or other non-price factors.Free entry and exit: Firms can freely enter and leave the market as they see fit.
Relatively large number of firms There is a large number of firms in the market, but not as many as in a perfectly competitive market.In terms of the advantages of monopolistic competition to consumers, there are a few. Since businesses differentiate their goods, they compete to provide the best possible quality of goods or services.
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