Biology High School


1- why dong you usually get sick from the exact same pathogen twice

2-if a pathogen mutated so it had different antigens, would your memory B and memory T cells recognize it?

please help this is due at 3pm

Answers

Answer 1

1: For example, rhinovirus has over 100 different serotypes. Now, the good news is that you can't get ill from the same virus serotype right after getting better, due to the fact that you'll have developed antibodies which help to protect your immune system for a little while.

2:Most children in the United States are now vaccinated against measles virus; before vaccination was widespread, most were naturally exposed to this virus and suffered from an acute, unpleasant, and potentially dangerous viral illness. Whether through vaccination or infection, children exposed to the virus acquire long-term protection from measles. The same is true of many other acute infectious diseases: this state of protection is a consequence of immunological memory.

The basis of immunological memory has been hard to explore experimentally. Although the phenomenon was first recorded by the ancient Greeks and has been exploited routinely in vaccination programs for over 200 years, it is just now becoming clear that memory reflects a persistent population of specialized memory cells that is independent of the continued persistence of the original antigen that induced them. This mechanism of maintaining memory is consistent with the finding that only individuals who were themselves previously exposed to a given infectious agent are immune, and that memory is not dependent on repeated exposure to infection as a result of contacts with other infected individuals. This was established by observations made on remote island populations, where a virus such as measles can cause an epidemic, infecting all people living on the island at that time, after which the virus disappears for many years. On reintroduction from outside the island, the virus does not affect the original population but causes disease in those people born since the first epidemic. This means that immunological memory need not be maintained by repeated exposure to infectious virus

Related Questions

DNA evidence analysis is an imperfect science. Provide two reasons why this may be the case.

For my Biomedical Science Class

Answers

Answer:

Not all DNA that was found at the scene has to be related to the scene.

Explanation:

Just because DNA was found at the scene, that doesn't mean that the person there is actually guilty. For example, in a case where person B is guilty, a strand of hair from Person A could be carried over to another scene on Persons B's clothing.

Answer:

Because DNA is more reliable than other forensics, scientists have shrugged off suggestions that it could fall victim to the vagaries of bias. But Dror noted that much DNA analysis involves interpretation. With interpretation comes subjectivity, and with subjectivity can come error. Only one-tenth of 1 percent of human DNA differs from one individual to the next and, although estimates vary, studies suggest that forensic DNA analysis is roughly 95 percent accurate.

Explanation: Hope this helps

Genetic engineering involves _______ to achieve desired results. a. enzyme production b. modifying products and processes c. changing one organism into another d. introducing traits into organisms Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

the answer is d bruv like fr

Answer:

D

Explanation:

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Someone please help!!! Anyone!?!? I'll give A Brainliest

Answers

Answer:

These are Punnet squares. The answer for 1 is 50% The answer for 2 is 100%

The answer for 3 is 100%

Explanation:

I hope this helps!! Have a great day!!!

Cellular respiration is a process in which animal cells use ____ taken in from the atmosphere.

1) carbon dioxide

2) hydrogen

3) oxygen

Answers

Answer:

How does cellular respiration work in animals?

When an animal breathes, it takes in oxygen gas and releases carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is a waste product produced by the animal's cells during cellular respiration. Cellular respiration occurs in the individual cells. Digested foods have chemical energy stored in them.

Explanation:

1) carbon dioxide I think hope it helps
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