The adjusted basis is greater than the selling price, Bob incurred a loss of $7,500 on the sale of the equipment
Based on the information provided, we can calculate the amount of gain or loss that Bob realized from selling the manufacturing equipment.
The formula for calculating gain or loss is as follows:
Gain/Loss = Selling Price - Adjusted Basis
Where "Adjusted Basis" is the original cost minus any accumulated depreciation.
In this case, the adjusted basis of the equipment would be:
Adjusted Basis = Original Cost - Accumulated Depreciation
Adjusted Basis = $55,000 - $12,500
Adjusted Basis = $42,500
Therefore, the gain or loss that Bob realized from selling the equipment would be:
Gain/Loss = Selling Price - Adjusted Basis
Gain/Loss = $50,000 - $42,500
Gain/Loss = $7,500
Since the adjusted basis is greater than the selling price, Bob incurred a loss of $7,500 on the sale of the equipment
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the portion of an asset's risk that is related to expected returns and is attributable to market factors that affect all firms is called ________.
The portion of an asset's risk that is related to expected returns and is attributable to market factors that affect all firms is called systematic risk.
Systematic risk is also known as market risk and cannot be diversified away through portfolio diversification. It is caused by factors such as changes in interest rates, inflation, economic growth, political events, and natural disasters. This type of risk affects the entire market and cannot be avoided by any individual company. Investors can manage systematic risk by adjusting their asset allocation and diversifying their portfolio across different sectors and asset classes. Understanding systematic risk is essential for investors to make informed investment decisions and manage their risk exposure.
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An engineering firm recently conducted a study to determine its benefit (B)and cost. (C) structure. The results of the study are as follows: B(Y)=300Y-6Y² C(Y)=4Y² 4 So that MB = 300 - 12Y and MC = 8Y. You have been asked to determine the maximum level of net benefits and the level of Y that will yield that result.
The maximum level of net benefits is $3150, and it occurs when y = 15.
to determine the maximum level of net benefits and the corresponding level of y, we need to find the point where the marginal benefit (mb) equals the marginal cost (mc). this occurs when mb = mc.
given:mb = 300 - 12y
mc = 8y
setting mb equal to mc:
300 - 12y = 8y
to solve for y, let's rearrange the equation:
300 = 8y + 12y
300 = 20y
dividing both sides by 20:
y = 300/20
y = 15
so, the level of y that will yield the maximum net benefits is 15.
to find the maximum level of net benefits, we substitute the value of y into the net benefit function:
b(y) = 300y - 6y²
b(15) = 300(15) - 6(15)²
b(15) = 4500 - 6(225)
b(15) = 4500 - 1350
b(15) = 3150
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Illustration: Nabiha and Abdullah are partners in SARA Accounting Consultancy Partnership business. Their respective capital balances are 71,000 and 41,000, and they share profits and losses equally.
The new capital balances for Nabiha and Abdullah are $86,000 and $56,000, respectively.
To illustrate the capital balances and profit sharing in the partnership business of Nabiha and Abdullah, we can create a simple table:
Partners | Capital Balance---------|----------------
Nabiha | $71,000Abdullah | $41,000
Since Nabiha and Abdullah share profits and losses equally, we can assume that they have an equal ownership percentage in the partnership.
Now, let's assume that at the end of the accounting period, the partnership has generated a net profit of $30,000.
calculate the profit share for each partner:
Total Profit: $30,000
Nabiha's Profit Share: $30,000 / 2 = $15,000
Abdullah's Profit Share: $30,000 / 2 = $15,000
To distribute the profits, we add the profit share to each partner's capital balance:
Updated Capital Balances:
Nabiha: $71,000 (existing capital) + $15,000 (profit share) = $86,000Abdullah: $41,000 (existing capital) + $15,000 (profit share) = $56,000
This illustration shows the initial capital balances of the partners and the distribution of equal profits, resulting in updated capital balances for each partner. The profit share and capital balances can change with each accounting period based on the partnership's performance and any additional capital contributions or withdrawals made by the partners.
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Mooncake Co. sells snowboards to customers. During the month of September, the company sold 115 snowboards. Mooncake uses a periodic inventory system. The following information is collected: Date Units of purchase Unit Cost Total Cost Sep -1 32 $100 $3,200 Sep-3 50 106 $5,300 Sep-19 25 107 $2,675 Sep-26 32 109 $3,488 139 $14,663 What is the cost of ending inventory if the company uses FIFO costing system? a. 2,400 b. 2,532 c. 2,616 d. None of the above Answer 2.ADD is a merchandising company, selling computers. During the first month of operation, it purchased inventory of $ 660,000 and sold the computers for $ 960,000. Ending inventory consists of computers worth $20,000. What’s the gross profit for the month? a. 300,000 b. 320,000 c. 280,000 d. 310,000 Answer 3. On I July 2020, Jordan Co., sells inventory on account to Polo Company for $10,000 terms 2/10, n/30. The cost of the inventory is $7,000. On July 5, Polo returns inventory of $500 to Jordan Co. The cost to Jordan is $350. What should be the journal entry to record the sales returns in the book of Jordan Co. if it uses Perpetual inventory system? a. Sales revenue 500 Accounts receivable 500 Inventory 350 COGS 350 b. Sales returns and allowances 500 Accounts receivable 500 COGS 350 Inventory 350 c. Sales returns and allowances 500 Accounts receivable 500 Inventory 350 COGS 350 d.Accounts receivable 500 Sales revenue 500 COGS 350 Inventory 350 Answer 4. on 2nd June 2020, the management of Sunlight Co. authorizes a write-off of the $7,700 balance owed by R. A. Furniture. The entry to record the write-off under the allowance method is: a. Accounts receivable-R.A Furniture 7,700 Cr cash 7,700 b. Allowance of doubtful account 7,700 Accounts receivable R.A. Furniture 7,700 c. Bad debts expense 7,700 Accounts receivable R.A. Furniture 7,700 d. Bad debts expense 7,700 Allowance for doubtful account 7,700 Answer 5. ABC Co. lends Higley Co. $15,000 on January 1, accepting a five-month, 6% annual interest note. If ABC presents the note to Higley Co. on June 1, the maturity date, ABC’s entry to record the collection is? a. Cash 15,375 Note receivable 15,375 b.Cash 15,900 Accounts receivable 15,900 c.Cash 15,375 Note receivable 15,000 Interest revenue 375 d.Cash 15,900 Note receivable 15,000 Interest revenue 900
B.is the correct answer: allowance for doubtful account $7,700, accounts receivable r.
1. cost of ending inventory (fifo): using the fifo (first-in, first-out) costing method, the cost of ending inventory is determined by assuming that the earliest purchases are the first ones to be sold.
calculation:
units sold: 115 sep-1 purchase: 32 units at $100 = $3,200
sep-3 purchase: 50 units at $106 = $5,300 sep-19 purchase: 25 units at $107 = $2,675
sep-26 purchase: 8 units (remaining from 32 units purchased) at $109 = $872 total cost of units sold: $3,200 + $5,300 + $2,675 + $872 = $12,047
cost of ending inventory: total cost of purchases - cost of units sold cost of ending inventory = $14,663 - $12,047 = $2,616
, the cost of ending inventory using the fifo costing system is $2,616. option c. 2,616 is the correct answer.
2. gross profit:
gross profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (cogs) from the net sales.
calculation: net sales = $960,000
cogs = inventory purchased - ending inventory = $660,000 - $20,000
= $640,000 gross profit = net sales - cogs
= $960,000 - $640,000 = $320,000
, the gross profit for the month is $320,000. option b. 320,000 is the correct answer.
3. journal entry for sales returns (perpetual):
when a sales return occurs in a perpetual inventory system, the appropriate journal entry is as follows:
sales returns and allowances (contra-revenue) account: debit: sales returns and allowances - $500
credit: accounts receivable - $500
cost of goods sold (cogs) account: debit: cogs - $350
credit: inventory - $350
, b. is the correct answer: sales returns and allowances $500, accounts receivable $500, cogs $350, inventory $350.
4. write-off under allowance method: when a company decides to write off a specific account receivable using the allowance method, the entry is as follows:
allowance for doubtful accounts (contra-asset) account:
debit: allowance for doubtful accounts - $7,700 credit: accounts receivable - r.a. furniture - $7,700 a. furniture $7,700.
5. collection of a note receivable:
when a note receivable is collected on its maturity date, the entry is as follows:
cash account: debit: cash - $15,375 (principal amount + interest)
credit: note rece
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The computation to determine income tax payable is not impacted by temporary differences or permanent differences. (True/False)
Assuming a company has a temporary difference, the deferred tax will be disclosed on both the balance sheet and income statement. (True/False)
False. The computation to determine income tax payable is impacted by temporary differences and permanent differences.
Temporary differences, which arise due to differences in timing between taxable income and accounting income, affect the calculation of taxable income and, consequently, the amount of income tax payable. Permanent differences, on the other hand, are differences that exist between taxable income and accounting income that will never reverse, and they are not included in the computation of taxable income.
Assuming a company has a temporary difference, the deferred tax related to that difference will be disclosed on the balance sheet. The deferred tax asset or liability represents the future tax consequences of temporary differences and is reported as a separate line item on the balance sheet. However, the deferred tax is not typically disclosed on the income statement. The income statement reflects the current period's tax expense, which includes the current tax payable and any changes in deferred tax balances during the period.
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Applying the COBIT framework, planning is the responsibility of O the CEO O the CFO O all of the above O the board of directors.
According to the COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology) framework, planning is the responsibility of the board of directors.
The COBIT framework is a widely-used framework for the governance and management of enterprise IT (Information Technology). It provides a comprehensive set of guidelines, principles, and practices that help organizations to ensure effective IT governance and management. There are five key areas of the COBIT framework, which are: Governance: This area provides a structure for the governance of enterprise IT, and it covers the policies, procedures, and organizational structures that are necessary to achieve effective IT governance. Management: This area covers the day-to-day management of enterprise IT, and it includes the processes, procedures, and practices that are necessary to ensure the effective delivery of IT services. Information: This area covers the management of information, including the creation, storage, use, and sharing of information.
Application: This area covers the management of IT applications, including the development, implementation, and maintenance of IT applications. Infrastructure: This area covers the management of IT infrastructure, including the hardware, software, networks, and other resources that are necessary to support enterprise IT.According to the COBIT framework, the board of directors is responsible for planning, as well as other key governance activities. The board of directors is responsible for ensuring that the organization's IT strategy is aligned with its overall business strategy. They are also responsible for setting policies and procedures related to IT governance, and for monitoring the organization's compliance with these policies and procedures.
In conclusion, applying the COBIT framework, planning is the responsibility of the board of directors. This means that the board of directors is responsible for setting the organization's IT strategy, policies, and procedures, and for ensuring that the organization is compliant with these policies and procedures.
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Five Measures of Solvency or Profitability The balance sheet for Quigg Inc. at the end of the current fiscal year indicated the following: Bonds payable, 7% $800,000 Preferred $10 stock, $100 par 134,
Solvency and profitability are two important aspects of a company's financial stability and sustainability. There are several measures that can be used to assess a company's solvency and profitability.
The following are five measures of solvency or profitability:
1. Debt-to-equity ratio: This ratio is used to determine the proportion of a company's financing that comes from debt versus equity. It is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity. A lower ratio indicates that the company is relying less on debt financing and has a stronger financial position.
2. Interest coverage ratio: This ratio is used to determine a company's ability to cover its interest payments with its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). It is calculated by dividing EBIT by interest expenses. A higher ratio indicates that the company is more capable of servicing its debt.
3. Return on equity (ROE): This ratio is used to determine the amount of profit a company generates for each dollar of equity invested by shareholders. It is calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity. A higher ratio indicates that the company is more profitable and efficient in generating returns for its shareholders.
4. Current ratio: This ratio is used to determine a company's ability to pay off its current liabilities with its current assets. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. A higher ratio indicates that the company has a stronger liquidity position and is better able to meet its short-term obligations.
5. Gross profit margin: This ratio is used to determine the amount of profit a company generates from its sales after deducting the cost of goods sold. It is calculated by dividing gross profit by total revenue. A higher ratio indicates that the company is more efficient in generating profits from its sales and has a stronger financial position overall. In the given example, the solvency and profitability of Quigg Inc. can be assessed using these measures. However, more information is needed about the company's financials to provide a more comprehensive analysis.
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there are 5380 independent banking this represents 9% of
all banking firms,what is the total number of banking firms?round
to the nearest whole number
Given that there are 5380 independent banking firms representing 9% of all banking firms, we can calculate the total number of banking firms by finding the whole number that corresponds to 100% of the firms.
To find the total number of banking firms, we can set up a proportion using the information provided. We know that 5380 represents 9% of the total number of firms.
Let x be the total number of banking firms. We can set up the proportion as follows:
5380 / x = 9 / 100
To solve for x, we can cross-multiply and then divide:
5380 * 100 = 9 * x
538,000 = 9x
Dividing both sides of the equation by 9, we find:
x = 538,000 / 9
x = 59,777.777...
Since the total number of banking firms must be a whole number, we round the result to the nearest whole number. Therefore, the total number of banking firms is 59,778.
Hence, the total number of banking firms, rounded to the nearest whole number, is 59,778.
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Q1 - In perfect Competition short run abnormal profits are: competed away by: A- Firms exciting the industry B - Firms entering the industry Q2. - Collusion in an oligopoly is easierlf A - The firms also sell in a foreign market B - The number of firms is smaller. C - The demand curve is down-sloping
In a perfectly competitive market, there are numerous buyers and sellers who have no market power to influence prices. Each firm in the industry produces identical products.
When a firm earns abnormal profits in the short run, it means that its revenue exceeds its total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs. However, in perfect competition, these abnormal profits attract new firms to enter the industry. This entry increases the overall supply of the good in the market, leading to a decrease in the market price due to competition.
As more firms enter and supply increases, the market price decreases until it reaches the equilibrium point where price equals the average total cost of production for each firm. At this point, the abnormal profits are competed away, and firms only earn normal profits, which are just enough to cover their costs.
Therefore, in perfect competition, abnormal profits are competed away by firms entering the industry to take advantage of the initial profit opportunity. This process continues until the industry reaches long-run equilibrium with zero economic profits.
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Which of the following are considered to be popular culinary tourism experiences? a. Food Tours and Cooking Classes b. Wine Tasting and Brewery Tours c. Producer/grower/manufacturer visits and Farmer's Markets d. All of the above
The correct answer is d. All of the above. All of the above are considered to be popular culinary tourism experiences. Culinary tourism experiences refer to travel activities that involve food and drink.
It’s an opportunity to taste and learn about different local cuisines. There are several culinary tourism experiences that are gaining popularity worldwide, which include food tours and cooking classes, wine tasting and brewery tours, producer/grower/manufacturer visits, and farmer's markets.Food tours and cooking classes: It is one of the most popular culinary tourism experiences. Visitors get a chance to try different cuisines and explore new places. This experience provides a hands-on opportunity to learn about local culinary traditions. Wine tasting and brewery tours: Wine tasting and brewery tours are a unique experience that provides insights into the local wine and beer-making process. Visitors get a chance to taste different wine and beer varieties and learn about the history and traditions behind them. Producer/grower/manufacturer visits: Visitors get to experience the food industry behind-the-scenes and learn about how food is produced, grown, and manufactured. Farmer's markets: Farmer's markets are the perfect place to explore the local food scene. Visitors get to taste and purchase fresh local produce and learn about different culinary traditions.
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Miller will deposit $3,000 in the bank for 18 years. The Bank pays 6.7% per year, but it compounds the money weekly. What is the value of the account after this period (to the nearest cent) ? Use 52 weeks in one year for your calculations. Hint: To get this correct, you can not truncate intermediate calculations because you will not be precise enough in your final answer. To avoid problems store intermediate results in memory or write down all the significant digits and then renter all of them to continue.
After 18 years, with a weekly compounding interest rate of 6.7% per year, Miller's account will be valued at approximately $8,705.42.
To calculate the value of Miller's account after 18 years, we need to consider the compound interest formula: A = P * (1 + r/n)^(nt) Where: A = the final amount P = the principal amount (initial deposit) r = the annual interest rate (6.7% in this case) n = the number of compounding periods per year (52 weeks) t = the number of years (18 years) Substituting the given values into the formula, we have: A = 3000 * (1 + 0.067/52)^(52*18) Calculating this equation, the value of Miller's account after 18 years is approximately $8,705.42. This amount takes into account the compounding effect of the interest, which occurs weekly. By using the exact values and not truncating intermediate calculations, we can provide a precise answer.
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The cost of retained earnings If a firm cannot invest retained earnings to earn a rate of return the required rate of return on retained earnings, it should return those funds to its stockholders. The current risk-free rate of return is 4.6%. The market risk premium is 6.6%. D'Amico Co, has a beta of 1.56. Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach, D'Amico's cost of equity is. Kuhn Co. is closely held and, consequently, cannot generate reliable inputs for the CAPM approach. Kuhn's bonds yield 11.5%, and the firm's analysts estimate that the frim's risk premium on its stock over its bonds is 4.5%. Using the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, find the firm's cost of equity: 16.0% 19.2% 17.6% 15.2% The cost of equity using the Discounted Cash flow (or Dividend Growth) Approach Turnbull Co.'s stock is currently selling for $45.56, and the firm expects its dividend to be $2.35 in one year. Analysts project the firm's growth rate to be constant at 7.2%. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach, what is Turnbull's cost of equity? 15.5% 11.8% 12.4% 13.0% It is often difficult to estimate the expected future dividend growth rate for use in estimating the cost of existing equity using the DCF or DG approach. In general, there are three available methods to generate such an estimate: Carry forward a historical realized growth rate, and apply it to the future. Locate and apply an expected future growth rate prepared and published by security analysts. Use the retention growth model. Suppose Tumbull is currently distributing 65.00% of its earnings in the form of cash dividends It has also historically generated an average return on equity (ROE) of 22.00%. Tumbull's estimated growth rate is .
The firm's cost of equity using the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach is 16.0%.
The cost of equity is the rate of return that a shareholder requires to make a particular investment in the company's common stock. It is the cost of equity that an investor incurs when investing in the company. It is expressed as a percentage and is used to calculate a firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC).The cost of equity can be determined using three methods: Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach, Bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, and Discounted Cash flow (or Dividend Growth)
Approach A. CAPM Approach: Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach, D'Amico's cost of equity is: CAPM = Rf + (Rm-Rf) * β
Here, Rf = Risk-free rate of return = 4.6%Rm = Market risk premium = 6.6%β = Beta of D'Amico Co = 1.56
Therefore, CAPM = 4.6% + (6.6% * 1.56) = 14.296%
B. Bond-yield-plus-risk-premium Approach:
Using the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, the firm's cost of equity is calculated using the following formula:
Cost of Equity = Bond yield + Risk premium on stock
Here, Bond yield = 11.5%
Risk premium on stock = 4.5%
Therefore, Cost of Equity = 11.5% + 4.5% = 16.0%
C. Discounted Cash Flow (or Dividend Growth) Approach:
Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach, Turnbull's cost of equity is calculated using the following formula:
P0 = D1 / (ke - g)
Here, P0 = Current stock price = $45.56D1 = Expected dividend in the next year = $2.35Ke = Cost of equity
G = Constant growth rate = 7.2%
Therefore, $45.56 = $2.35 / (ke - 7.2%)
Hence, ke = 13.0%The estimated growth rate using the retention growth model is given by:
G = Retention ratio * Return on equity
Here, Retention ratio = 1 - Payout ratio = 1 - 65% = 35%
Return on equity = 22%Therefore,G = 35% * 22% = 7.7%
Thus, the estimated growth rate for Turnbull is 7.7%.
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Suppose the Canada market for cannabis products is perfectly competitive, and the production of cannabis results in an externality in the form of water pollution from agricultural runoff. This market can be characterized by the following equations (where Q is expressed in thousands of pounds and P is in CA$ per pound): Inverse
Market Supply: PS = 1000 + 2Q Inverse Market Demand: PD = 3000 – 3Q Marginal External Cost: MEC = 200 + Q
a. Graph and solve for the market equilibrium price and quantity of cannabis.
b. Graph and solve for the socially optimal price and quantity of cannabis (i.e., the efficient solution)
a) To solve the market equilibrium price and quantity of cannabis for a perfectly competitive Canada market, use the following equations:Market Supply: PS = 1000 + 2QMarket Demand: PD = 3000 – 3QWhere Q is expressed in thousands of pounds and P is in CA$ per pound.For the market equilibrium, both PS and PD must be equal. Therefore, equate PS and PD to get:1000 + 2Q = 3000 – 3QSimplifying this equation further gives: 5Q = 2000Q = 400Substituting Q = 400 in either equation gives:P = 3000 – 3(400) = 1800 CA$ per poundTherefore, the market equilibrium price of cannabis is 1800 CA$ per pound, and the market equilibrium quantity of cannabis is 400 thousand pounds.
b) To solve for the socially optimal price and quantity of cannabis, we need to add the Marginal External Cost (MEC) in the inverse supply equation. Therefore, the new inverse supply equation would be:PS = 1000 + 2Q + MECPS = 1000 + 2Q + (200 + Q)PS = 1200 + 3QNow, for the efficient solution, both PS and PD must be equal. Therefore, equate PS and PD to get:1200 + 3Q = 3000 – 3QSimplifying this equation further gives: 6Q = 1800Q = 300Substituting Q = 300 in either equation gives:P = 3000 – 3(300) = 900 CA$ per pound. Therefore, the socially optimal price of cannabis is 900 CA$ per pound, and the socially optimal quantity of cannabis is 300 thousand pounds.
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The interarrivals between last 50 customers that are coming to Şeref Petrol's gasoline station are as follows: Interarrival Time 3 minutes 4 minutes 5 Minutes 6 minutes between each customer Frequency 10 20 15 5 Based on the last 30 observations following table show the time it takes to get the oil for an arriving customer in minutes. 3 minutes 4 minutes 5 minutes Duration of getting the oil Frequency 13 12 15 Based on the two random inputs above, simulate a queuing system using the following random numbers: Random numbers for inter arrivals: 44, 30, 26,09, 49, 13, 33, 89, 13, 37 Random numbers for oil fill: 52, 78, 13, 06, 99, 98, 80, 09, 67, 89, 45
To simulate the queuing system using the given random numbers for inter-arrival times and oil fill durations, we can follow these steps:
1. Calculate the cumulative frequencies for the inter-arrival times and oil fill durations:
Inter-arrival times:
- Cumulative Frequencies: 10, 30, 45, 50
Oil fill durations:
- Cumulative Frequencies: 13, 25, 40, 55
2. Generate the random numbers for inter-arrival times (44, 30, 26, 09, 49, 13, 33, 89, 13, 37) and match them to the corresponding inter-arrival times based on the cumulative frequencies. For example, the first random number, 44, falls within the range of the cumulative frequencies 30 and 45, so the corresponding inter-arrival time would be 5 minutes.
3. Generate the random numbers for oil fill durations (52, 78, 13, 06, 99, 98, 80, 09, 67, 89, 45) and match them to the corresponding oil fill durations based on the cumulative frequencies. For example, the first random number, 52, falls within the range of the cumulative frequencies 40 and 55, so the corresponding oil fill duration would be 5 minutes.
4. Use the generated inter-arrival times and oil fill durations to simulate the queuing system. Start with an initial time of 0 minutes and add each inter-arrival time to the previous time to calculate the arrival time for each customer. Then, add the corresponding oil fill duration to the arrival time to calculate the completion time for each customer.
Customer 1:
- Arrival Time: 0 + 5 = 5 minutes
- Completion Time: 5 + 5 = 10 minutes
Customer 2:
- Arrival Time: 10 + 4 = 14 minutes
- Completion Time: 14 + 5 = 19 minutes
Repeat this process for all the customers based on the generated inter-arrival times and oil fill durations.
Please note that the above steps provide a basic outline for simulating the queuing system. Depending on the specific requirements of the queuing model and the desired level of detail, additional considerations and calculations may be necessary.
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what is the profit-maximizing quantity of bats (note the values for mr and mc)?
The profit-maximizing quantity of bats is the point where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC).
In other words, the optimal quantity of bats to produce and sell is the point where the additional revenue earned from selling one more bat (MR) is equal to the additional cost of producing one more bat (MC). At this point, the firm is maximizing its profits.
To determine the profit-maximizing quantity of bats, the firm needs to calculate its marginal revenue and marginal cost. Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue from selling one additional unit of output, while marginal cost is the change in total cost from producing one additional unit of output. Once the firm has calculated its MR and MC values, it can identify the quantity of bats that maximizes its profits. Specifically, the firm should produce and sell the quantity of bats where MR equals MC. If the MR of producing and selling an additional bat is greater than its MC, the firm should continue producing and selling more bats until MR equals MC. At this point, the firm is maximizing its profits. On the other hand, if the MC of producing and selling an additional bat is greater than its MR, the firm should decrease production and sales until MR equals MC. In summary, the profit-maximizing quantity of bats is the point where MR equals MC. By producing and selling this quantity of bats, the firm can maximize its profits.
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Question 3 (30 marks) a. The income statement and a partial balance sheet for Mango Company are presented below. Mango Company Income statement For the year Ended December 31, 2020 Sales $260,000 105,600 Cost of goods sold Gross Profit $154,400 Operating expenses: Salaries $24,000 16,000 Depreciation expense Miscellaneous Net Income 10,600 50,600 $103,800 2016 Cash 224,000$ 8,800 Account receivable Inventories 16,800 10,800 Prepaid expenses Accounts Payable 8,800 Salaries Payable 5,320 Required: Prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using indirect method. (15 Marks) QUECIP Mango Company
The operating activities section of Mango Company's statement of cash flows can be prepared using the indirect method.
To prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method, we need to make adjustments to the net income figure provided. First, we add back non-cash expenses such as depreciation and miscellaneous expenses. In this case, depreciation expense and miscellaneous expenses amount to $16,000 and $10,600, respectively.
Next, we account for changes in working capital items. Accounts receivable decreased by $8,800, while inventories increased by $10,800. Prepaid expenses increased by $16,800, and accounts payable increased by $8,800. Salaries payable increased by $5,320. By making these adjustments, we arrive at the cash flow from operating activities, which in this case amounts to $103,800.
To prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method, we need to analyze the changes in the balance sheet accounts related to operating activities. Let's calculate the adjustments:
Net Income: $103,800
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation Expense: $16,000
Miscellaneous: $10,600
Net Income + Depreciation Expense + Miscellaneous = $130,400
Changes in working capital:
Increase in Accounts Receivable: $8,800
Increase in Inventories: $6,000 (10,800 - 4,800)
Decrease in Prepaid Expenses: $6,000 (16,800 - 10,800)
Increase in Accounts Payable: $8,800
Increase in Salaries Payable: $5,320
Total changes in working capital = $35,920 (8,800 + 6,000 + 6,000 + 8,800 + 5,320)
Operating activities cash flow before tax = Net Income + Adjustments for non-cash items = $130,400
Operating activities cash flow after tax = Operating activities cash flow before tax - Net Income = $26,600 (130,400 - 103,800)
Cash flow from operating activities using the indirect method:
Net Income: $103,800
Adjustments:
Depreciation Expense: $16,000
Miscellaneous: $10,600
Increase in Accounts Receivable: $8,800
Increase in Inventories: $6,000
Decrease in Prepaid Expenses: $6,000
Increase in Accounts Payable: $8,800
Increase in Salaries Payable: $5,320
Cash flow from operating activities: $26,600
Therefore, the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method shows a cash flow from operating activities of $26,600 for Mango Company.
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Examine the following statements and determine if they are normative or positive in nature. Explain your answer. a. Bitcoins are overvalued. b. The level of public debt in the US is unsustainable. c. The CPI index rose 5.4% for the 12 months ending in July 2021.
In the given examples, statements a and b express opinions and value judgments, making them normative, while statement c provides an objective fact, making it positive.
a. The statement "Bitcoins are overvalued" is normative because it expresses an opinion or subjective judgment about the value of bitcoins. It reflects a personal belief or evaluation rather than a verifiable fact.
b. The statement "The level of public debt in the US is unsustainable" is normative as it expresses a judgment about the desirability or feasibility of the current level of public debt. It involves value judgments and subjective opinions about what is considered sustainable.
c. The statement "The CPI index rose 5.4% for the 12 months ending in July 2021" is positive because it presents a verifiable fact based on objective data. It describes an actual increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) without any value judgments or subjective opinions. It is a statement of what has occurred without expressing any evaluative stance.
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P10-31A ASSUME THAT YOU ARE CONSIDERING PURCHASING SHARES AS AN INVESTMENT. YOU HAVE NARROWED THE CHOICE TO TWO INTERNET FIRMS, VIDEO.COM INC. AND ON-LINE EXPRESS LTD. AND HAVE ASSEMBLED THE FOLLOWING DATA.
SELECTED INCOME STATEMENT DATA FOR CURRENT YEAR:
It is advisable to invest in Video.com Inc. as it has better performance compared to On-line Express Ltd
Given Income Statement Data for current year: Particulars Video.com Inc. On-line Express Ltd. Revenues $5,300,000 $8,200,000 Gross Profit $3,300,000 $4,500,000 Net Income $1,600,000 $2,000,000 Total Assets $7,800,000 $10,600,000 Shareholders’ Equity $3,200,000 $4,600,000Required:As an investor, which company would you choose to invest in? Why?1) Calculation of Return on Assets (ROA):ROA = Net Income/Total Assets(a) ROA for Video.com Inc. = $1,600,000/$7,800,000 = 0.205(b) ROA for On-line Express Ltd. = $2,000,000/$10,600,000 = 0.1882) Calculation of Return on Equity (ROE):ROE = Net Income/Shareholders' Equity(a)
ROE for Video.com Inc. = $1,600,000/$3,200,000 = 0.5(b) ROE for On-line Express Ltd. = $2,000,000/$4,600,000 = 0.44Based on the ROA and ROE calculations, Video.com Inc. seems to be a better investment option than On-line Express Ltd. because it has a higher return on both assets and equity.
In conclusion, it is advisable to invest in Video.com Inc. as it has better performance compared to On-line Express Ltd.
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A new waste truck is needed for a portion of the city. Compare the asset with the Benefit-Cost method? The interest rate is 8% Present value = $55,000 Annual cost $11,500 Annual savings $28,500 Salvage value = $6,800 Life in years = 10 O a. B/C= 1.40 Ob.B/C= 1.88 OC. B/C= 1.47 O d.B/C=0.72
The Benefit-Cost (B/C) method is used to evaluate the economic viability of an investment project by comparing the present value of benefits to the present value of costs. In this case, we are comparing the asset of a new waste truck with the B/C method using the given information:
Interest rate = 8%
Present value = $55,000
Annual cost = $11,500
Annual savings = $28,500
Salvage value = $6,800
Life in years = 10
To calculate the B/C ratio, we need to determine the present value of both the benefits and the costs.
1. Present value of benefits:
The annual savings of $28,500 is multiplied by the present value annuity factor at an 8% interest rate for 10 years.
Present value of benefits = $28,500 x (1 - (1 + 0.08)^(-10)) / 0.08 = $213,704.68
2. Present value of costs:
The annual cost of $11,500 is multiplied by the present value annuity factor at an 8% interest rate for 10 years.
Present value of costs = $11,500 x (1 - (1 + 0.08)^(-10)) / 0.08 = $86,157.91
3. Salvage value adjustment:
The salvage value of $6,800 is adjusted to its present value at the end of 10 years using the compound interest formula:
Present value of salvage value = $6,800 / (1 + 0.08)^10 = $3,218.46
4. Calculate the B/C ratio:
B/C ratio = (Present value of benefits + Present value of salvage value) / Present value of costs
B/C ratio = ($213,704.68 + $3,218.46) / $86,157.91 ≈ 2.51
The B/C ratio for the new waste truck investment is approximately 2.51. None of the options provided (a, b, c, d) match this result.
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Assume that you are the Scrum Master for a project being executed using Agile Scrum methodology. The project is planned to be executed in 6 sprints of 4 weeks each. You are currently in the Sprint Planning stage for the first sprint. What are the possible risks you would identify? List any five significant risks. What are the possible mitigation actions you would plan for each of those identified risks? [6 marks] Options
As the Scrum Master for a project that is being executed using Agile Scrum methodology, here are the possible risks that could be identified during the Sprint Planning stage for the first sprint:1. Scope Creep: This could happen if there is a constant change in requirements during the sprint. Mitigation: Scope creep can be mitigated by closely monitoring changes and ensuring that they are properly managed. The scrum master can work with the product owner to prioritize changes so that the most important ones are addressed first.
.2. Unrealistic Timeframes: There is a risk of not completing tasks within the allocated timeframes, which could lead to project delays. Mitigation: Unrealistic timeframes can be mitigated by breaking down tasks into smaller pieces, and estimating more accurately. This can be done by involving the entire team in estimating each task.3. Team Performance: There is a risk of team members not performing to the expected standard. Mitigation: Team performance can be mitigated by identifying the root cause of the issue and finding ways to address it. This could involve training and development, or even reassigning roles.4. Quality of Deliverables: There is a risk of delivering low-quality products. Mitigation: This can be mitigated by involving the product owner and stakeholders in the review of each deliverable. Regular feedback can be solicited to ensure that the quality of the deliverables is high.5. Dependencies: There is a risk of dependencies that could impact the sprint. Mitigation: Dependencies can be mitigated by closely monitoring them, and working with the necessary stakeholders to ensure that they are addressed promptly.
The mitigation actions that can be planned for each of the identified risks include closely monitoring, working with stakeholders, involving the product owner and stakeholders, breaking down tasks, estimating more accurately, reassigning roles, training and development, and regular feedback.
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9. use the below table for all question
（a）Barb Muller wins the lottery. She wins $20,000 per year to be
paid for 10 years. The state offers her the choice of a cash settlement now instead o
Future Value of $1 Per. 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 1 1.010 1.030 1.040 1.050 1.060 1.070 1.080 1.090 1.100 1.120 2 1.020 3 1.030 4 1.041 1.020 1.040 1.061 1.061 1.093 1.082 1.126 1.170 1.051 1
The given table shows the future value of $1 per year for various interest rates ranging from 1% to 11%. The future value of $1 represents the value of receiving $1 in the future based on the given interest rate.
Based on the given table, we can observe that as the interest rate increases, the future value of $1 also increases. This implies that the higher the interest rate, the greater the future value of a given amount of money. Understanding the concept of future value is important in various financial calculations. It helps in determining the worth of future cash flows, such as investments, loans, annuities, or lottery winnings. By multiplying the future value factor from the table by the amount of money involved, we can calculate the future value of a sum of money over a given time period.
For example, in Barb Muller's case, if she chooses to receive $20,000 per year for 10 years, she can calculate the future value of this stream of cash flows using the appropriate interest rate from the table. By multiplying the future value factor corresponding to the interest rate by $20,000, she can determine the total future value of the cash flows.
It is worth noting that the future value factor represents the time value of money, which accounts for the potential earning power of invested funds or the cost of borrowing. The higher the interest rate, the more valuable future cash flows become, as they have the potential to earn or accrue more interest over time. Therefore, understanding the future value concept and using the appropriate interest rate is crucial in financial decision-making and planning.
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Your company just launched a weight-loss beverage which is clinically proven to perform better than similar beverages in the market. The product is promoted at all the local sports clubs where athletes regularly visit. However, the sales are low. Based on the information provided, what do you think went wrong? O There is no market for weight-loss products anymore O They are not reaching their target audience O They are too expensive There are too many competitors
Based on the information provided, I think the most likely reason for the low sales of the weight-loss beverage is that the company is not reaching their target audience. The product is being promoted at local sports clubs, but athletes are not the only people who are interested in weight loss.
There are many other people who could benefit from a weight-loss beverage, such as people who are trying to lose weight for health reasons, people who are trying to lose weight for aesthetic reasons, and people who are trying to lose weight for both health and aesthetic reasons. The company needs to find a way to reach these other potential customers.
Here are some ideas for how the company can reach their target audience:
Promote the product online and in magazines that are read by people who are interested in weight loss.
Partner with gyms and other fitness centers to offer discounts on the product to their members.
Offer free samples of the product at events that are attended by people who are interested in weight loss.
Create a referral program that rewards customers for referring their friends and family to the product.
By reaching a wider audience, the company can increase sales of their weight-loss beverage.
Here are some other possible reasons for the low sales:
The product is too expensive.
There are too many competitors in the market.
The product is not as effective as the company claims.
However, based on the information provided, I think the most likely reason is that the company is not reaching their target audience.
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Employees from different social classes may be impacted
differently by employer COVID 19 regulations and remote work
options.
Select one:
True
False
True. The statement "Employees from different social classes may be impacted differently by employer COVID-19 regulations and remote work options" is true.
The statement "Employees from different social classes may be impacted differently by employer COVID-19 regulations and remote work options" is true.What is COVID-19?COVID-19, also called novel coronavirus, is a pandemic that has spread to almost every part of the world, causing an outbreak of respiratory illness that is caused by the coronavirus. This virus can cause flu-like symptoms that range from mild to severe, which can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure, and even death.What are remote work options?Remote work options are flexible work arrangements that allow employees to work from home or any other location other than their traditional office environment. Remote work options are becoming more common, as technology advancements allow employees to work from any location with an internet connection.What is the impact of COVID-19 on different social classes?Employer COVID-19 regulations and remote work options may have varying impacts on different social classes of employees. Employees from different social classes may be impacted differently by employer COVID-19 regulations and remote work options. For example, employees from low-income households may have limited access to technology and the internet, which may make it more difficult for them to work remotely. They may also face difficulties in securing paid leave and accessing affordable healthcare facilities.In contrast, employees from high-income households may have better access to technology and the internet, which may make it easier for them to work remotely. They may also be able to afford healthcare and other essential services, which may reduce the impact of COVID-19 on their health and wellbeing.
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ou are thinking about buying a car, and a local bank is willing to lend you $212,440 to buy it. Under the terms of the loan, it will be fully amortized over 2 years (24 months), and the nominal rate of interest is 12 percent with interest paid monthly. What would be the monthly payment on the loan? S monthly (write approximate number without fractions). 4 Which amount is worth more at 14 percent.compounded annually: [ (write the number of the right answer either 1 or 2 or3) 1 $1,000 in hand today 2 or $3,500 due in 6 years 3 or 5000S due in 10 years?
1. The monthly payment on the loan is $11,121.93.
2. The amount worth more at 14% compounded annually is $3,500 due in 6 years (Option 2)
1. Monthly payment on the loan
Loan amount, PV = $212,440
Nominal rate of interest, r = 12% per annum
No of years, n = 2 years
Monthly rate of interest, i= 1% (nominal rate/12)
Using the formula for the monthly payment for a fully amortized loan:
Monthly payment = [r(PV)] / [1 - (1 + i)⁻ⁿ]
Substituting the values in the above formula,Monthly payment = [(12/100) × 212,440] / [1 - (1 + 1%)⁻²⁴]= $11,121.93 (approximately)
Therefore, the monthly payment on the loan is $11,121.93 (approximately).
2. We need to compare the present value of $1,000, $3,500 due in 6 years and $5,000 due in 10 years using the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)ⁿ
Where,PV is the present value of money
FV is the future value of money, r is the interest rate, n is the number of periods
1. Present value of $1,000 at 14% per annum compounded annually,n = 0, FV = $1,000PV = $1,000 / (1 + 14%)⁰= $1,000 / 1= $1,0002.
Present value of $3,500 due in 6 years at 14% per annum compounded annually,n = 6, FV = $3,500PV = $3,500 / (1 + 14%)⁶= $2,030.01 (approx)
Present value of $5,000 due in 10 years at 14% per annum compounded annually,n = 10, FV = $5,000PV = $5,000 / (1 + 14%)¹⁰= $1,569.11 (approx)
Therefore, the amount worth more at 14% compounded annually is $3,500 due in 6 years (Option 2).
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the sum of the frictional and structural rates of unemployment is the:
The sum of the frictional and structural rates of unemployment is called the natural rate of unemployment. Its level varies by country and over time, and it is generally estimated to be between 4% and 6% in developed economies.
The natural rate of unemployment is the sum of frictional and structural unemployment rates. It refers to the amount of unemployment that exists when the labour market is in equilibrium and does not have inflationary or deflationary pressures. It's also known as the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU).A certain level of frictional unemployment is healthy for an economy since it implies that people are temporarily unemployed as they switch to new careers or locations. Structural unemployment is caused by changes in the economy or industry that have resulted in certain jobs becoming obsolete, resulting in a mismatch between the supply and demand for labour. When this occurs, it might take a while for the unemployed individuals to retrain or find new jobs to suit their skills. The natural rate of unemployment should not be confused with cyclical unemployment, which is caused by changes in economic activity and frequently linked to business cycles. This kind of unemployment is temporary and fades away as the economy recovers.Overall, the natural rate of unemployment is determined by the economy's structural characteristics and demographic factors. It is not affected by monetary policy or other short-term economic policy actions. Its level varies by country and over time, and it is generally estimated to be between 4% and 6% in developed economies.
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Frey Company, a shoe manufacturer, has been offered an opportunity to receive the following mixed stream of cash flows over the next 5 years. End of year Cash flow $400 800 500 400 300 If the firm must earn at least 9% on its investments, what is the most it should pay for this opportunity?
The maximum amount Frey Company should pay for the opportunity is $1,514.56. This is calculated by discounting each cash flow at a rate of 9% and summing them up.
To determine the maximum amount Frey Company should pay for the opportunity, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows at a required rate of return of 9%. The present value of each cash flow can be calculated using the formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
Using this formula, we calculate the present value for each cash flow:
PV1 = $400 / (1 + 0.09)^1 = $366.97
PV2 = $800 / (1 + 0.09)^2 = $657.02
PV3 = $500 / (1 + 0.09)^3 = $385.54
PV4 = $400 / (1 + 0.09)^4 = $279.64
PV5 = $300 / (1 + 0.09)^5 = $225.39
Next, we sum up the present values of all the cash flows to find the maximum amount that Frey Company should pay:
Maximum amount = PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4 + PV5
= $366.97 + $657.02 + $385.54 + $279.64 + $225.39
= $1,514.56
Therefore, the most Frey Company should pay for this opportunity is $1,514.56 in order to earn at least a 9% return on its investments.
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Nantucket Industries manufactures and sells two models of watches, Prime and Luxuria. It expects to sell 3,500 units of Prime and 1,500 units of Luxuria in 2019.The following estimates are given for 2019: Prime Luxuria Selling price $200 $500 Direct materials 70 100 Direct labor 60 180 Manufacturing overhead 90 150 Nantucket had an inventory of 200 units of Prime and 105 units of Luxuria at the end of 2018. It has decided that as a measure to counter stock outages it will maintain ending inventory of 400 units of Prime and 230 units of Luxuria. Each Luxuria watch requires one unit of Crimpson and has to be imported at a cost of $12. There were 120 units of Crimpson in stock at the end of 2018. The management does not want to have any stock of Crimpson at the end of 2019. What is the total budgeted cost of goods sold for Nantucket Industries in 2019?
$1,433,000
$1,625,000
$1,415,000
$1,325,000
The total budgeted cost of goods sold for Nantucket Industries in 2019 is $1,415,000.
To calculate the budgeted cost of goods sold, we need to determine the cost of producing the units sold for both the Prime and Luxuria models.
For the Prime model:
Cost of direct materials per unit: $70
Cost of direct labor per unit: $60
Cost of manufacturing overhead per unit: $90
Total cost per unit of Prime = $70 + $60 + $90 = $220
Total units of Prime sold = 3,500
Total cost of Prime units sold = 3,500 * $220 = $770,000
For the Luxuria model:
Cost of direct materials per unit: $100Cost of direct labor per unit: $180Cost of manufacturing overhead per unit: $150Total cost per unit of Luxuria = $100 + $180 + $150 = $430
Total units of Luxuria sold = 1,500
Total cost of Luxuria units sold = 1,500 * $430 = $645,000
Total budgeted cost of goods sold = Cost of Prime units sold + Cost of Luxuria units sold
= $770,000 + $645,000
= $1,415,000
The total budgeted cost of goods sold for Nantucket Industries in 2019 is $1,415,000. This calculation takes into account the cost of producing and selling the Prime and Luxuria models based on the given estimates and sales projections.
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which statement is an economic rationale for the law of increasing opportunity cost?
The economic rationale for the law of increasing opportunity cost is that as production of a particular good or service increases, the resources used to produce it become less suited for that specific task and more suited for alternative uses.
As an economy shifts resources from producing one good to another, the resources best suited for the initial good are utilized first. However, as production of the initial good expands, resources that are less efficient in producing it must be employed, leading to diminishing returns and increased opportunity cost. This is because the additional units of the initial good produced require more and more resources that are less specialized or less productive in its production.
In simple terms, the law of increasing opportunity cost arises due to the finite nature of resources and their varying productivity in different tasks. It reflects the idea that there is a trade-off in allocating resources between alternative uses. When an economy devotes more resources to the production of one good, it must divert resources away from the production of another good, and these resources may not be as well-suited or efficient in the new production process.
The law of increasing opportunity cost serves as a reminder that there are limits to resource allocation and that producing more of a particular good comes at an increasing cost in terms of the sacrificed production of alternative goods. This principle is fundamental to understanding the concept of trade-offs in economic decision-making and helps explain why production possibilities frontiers are typically depicted as concave curves.
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Which is NOT a question managers should ask when assessing whether or not a course of action is ethical? a. Would I publicize my action? b. Is it legal? c. Will I get caught? d. Am I being honest?
The question that managers should NOT ask when assessing whether or not a course of action is ethical is: c. Will I get caught?
Ethical decision-making involves considering the moral implications and consequences of one's actions. When evaluating the ethical nature of a course of action, managers should focus on principles such as honesty, fairness, integrity, and the overall impact on stakeholders. Asking whether they will get caught shifts the focus from ethical considerations to personal consequences and potential punishment.
Directly considering the likelihood of getting caught suggests a disregard for ethical principles and a focus on self-interest rather than doing what is right. Ethical decision-making should be guided by a genuine commitment to ethical behavior, irrespective of the likelihood of being caught or facing consequences.
Instead, managers should ask questions such as:
a. Would I publicize my action? This question encourages managers to consider whether they would be comfortable with their actions being known by others, suggesting the importance of transparency and accountability.
b. Is it legal? Assessing the legality of an action is a fundamental aspect of ethical decision-making, as complying with laws and regulations is a minimum requirement.
d. Am I being honest? Honesty is a vital ethical principle, and questioning one's own honesty ensures integrity and truthfulness in decision-making.
In conclusion, while considering the likelihood of getting caught is not a relevant question for assessing the ethical nature of a course of action, managers should focus on questions related to transparency, legality, and personal integrity when making ethical decisions.
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Read Eye on the Fed in a Crisis. Then answer the following question. What are the key differences in monetary policy between the Great Depression and the slow recovery from the 2008-2009 recession? During the Great Depression, the Fed During the slow recovery from the 2008-2009 recession, the Fed O A. injected reserves into the banks to offset the rise in currency holdings as people switched out of bank deposits; refused to reject reserves into the banks to offset their increased financial risk. O B. increased the money multiplier to 6.3; decreased the money multiplier to 3.3 C. increased the bank's reserve ratio from 8 percent to 12 percent, and increased the currency drain ratio from 9 percent to 19 percent; increased the bank's reserve ratio but left the currency drain ratio relatively constant O D. did not inject reserves into the banks and the quantity of money crashed; flooded banks with reserves, and M2 increased by 37.5 percent in the 5 years to August 2013
During the slow recovery from the 2008-2009 recession, the Federal Reserve (Fed) flooded banks with reserves, and M2 increased by 37.5 percent in the 5 years to August 2013. The correct option is D.
During the Great Depression, the Federal Reserve (Fed) refused to inject reserves into the banks to offset their increased financial risk.
Hence, the correct option is D. did not inject reserves into the banks, and the quantity of money crashed; flooded banks with reserves, and M2 increased by 37.5 percent in the 5 years to August 2013.During the Great Depression, the Federal Reserve failed to stabilize the money supply, causing a wave of bank failures.
The Fed did not inject reserves into the banks, causing the money supply to contract by a third. This led to a decrease in the demand for goods and services and a rise in the rate of unemployment, among other things. To make things worse, they refused to provide emergency credit to keep banks afloat.
As a result, the Great Depression lasted from 1929 to 1933. During the slow recovery from the 2008-2009 recession, the Fed took a variety of measures to stabilize the economy. They lowered interest rates to zero and kept them there for several years. They also began flooding banks with reserves, raising M2 by 37.5 percent between 2008 and 2013. The correct option is D.
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