Some of the arguments for genetic mapping include the following below:
It offers evidence that a disease transmitted from parent to child is linked to one or more genes. It provides clues about which chromosome contains the gene and precisely where the gene lies on that chromosome.What is Genetic mapping?This is also called linkage mapping and it used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances between genes.
This is important because it helps to provide clue and evidence about the chromosome contains the gene and precisely where the gene lies on that chromosome responsible for various types of diseases.
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When glucose is converted to pyruvate, the equivalent of __ ATPs are produced. When pyruvate is converted to acetyl coa and enters TCA and oxidative phosphorylation, the total equivalent of ____ ATPs are derived Group of answer choices
A) 4, 44
B)2, 32
C)3, 43
D) 5, 25
When glucose is converted to pyruvate, the equivalent of 2 ATPs are produced. When pyruvate is converted to acetyl coa and enters TCA and oxidative phosphorylation, the total equivalent of 32 ATPs are derived.
Adenosine triphosphate is produced as a result of the cellular process known as oxidative phosphorylation, which uses oxygen reduction to create high-energy phosphate bonds (ATP). The electron transport chain is a chain of oxidation-reduction reactions that takes place within the mitochondria and involves the transportation of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen through a number of protein, metal, and lipid complexes (ETC). The NADH and FADH2 produced by various catabolic cellular processes are used by the electron transport chain. In addition, the last oxidising agent in oxidative phosphorylation is elemental oxygen (and electron acceptor). When compared to anaerobic creatures, the electron transport chain and mitochondrial activity provide insight into how aerobic eukaryotic life has evolved and progressed.
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Option B is Correct. Two ATPs are created when glucose is changed into pyruvate. The equivalent of 32 ATPs are produced when pyruvate is changed into acetyl coa, enters TCA, and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation.
The cellular process known as oxidative phosphorylation employs oxygen reduction to build high-energy phosphate bonds, and as a result, adenosine triphosphate is produced (ATP).
The electron transport chain is a series of oxidation-reduction events that happen in the mitochondria and include moving electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen by passing through a number of protein, metal, and lipid complexes (ETC).
The electron transport chain uses the NADH and FADH2 that are generated by numerous catabolic cellular processes. Additionally, elemental is the final oxidizing agent in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Which biotechnology job is responsible for creating and maintaining a healthy workplace?
Biotech engineering is a broad component of the life sciences industry. Biotech engineers can find work in medical equipment manufacture, pharmaceutical and medication manufacturing, research and development, teaching, and a variety of other fields that need scientific knowledge.
Is biotechnology or biomedical engineering superior?Biotechnology has a larger range of applications, ranging from genetics to waste management. The substance of your course will differ dramatically, with biotechnology emphasising molecular biology and biomedical engineering emphasising physiology, neurology, and medicine.
Biomedical engineering is founded on biological and medical engineering concepts, as well as a distinct multidisciplinary approach. Biotechnology, on the other hand, is based on biological science with a concentration on chemistry.
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The image shows a rain forest ecosystem. The energy from plants, or producers, acts as the starting point of energy in the ecosystem. This energy is transferred to other organisms in the food web. In which two ways is the total amount of energy conserved in the ecosystem?
A. Some energy is transferred to the organisms, and the remaining energy is released into the ecosystem as thermal energy.
B. Bacteria eat the dead bodies of organisms to release the organisms’ stored energy into the atmosphere.
C. Some energy is transferred to the smaller organisms, and the rest is stored in the bodies of larger animals.
D. Some energy is transferred to the organisms, and the rest is released by plants in the form of carbon dioxide.
E. Bacteria eat the dead bodies of organisms, obtain all the energy, and store it in their bodies.
Answer: B or E
Explanation: The cycle goes, producers (a plant) take energy from light, primary consumer (an insect) eats it and takes in that energy, secondary consumer (a herbivore) eats it and the tertiary consumer (a carnivore) eats that and the apex predator (also carnivore) eats it. Any of these can die at any point due to disease.
The real answer is that when an organism dies, decomposers such as fungi or bacteria can break it down allowing the nutrients to go back into the soil and the plants take it up and the cycle continues...
The answers aren't very good here but I reckon the closest one is E
PLS HELP ME DO THIS
Complete the Punnett square for each cross and then select the expected results from the drop-down list for each trait.
Punnett squares can be used to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic probabilities among the offspring. Cross 1: 100%Tt, 100% tall plants. Cross 2: 100% Pp, 100% purple flowers. Cross 3: 50% Yy - 50% yy. 50% yellow seeds - 50% green seeds. Cross 4: 25% PP, 50% Pp, 25% pp. 75% purple flowers, 25% white flowers.
What is a Punnett square?The Punnett square is a cross representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved.
Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.
To answer this question, we will assume complete dominance, in which the dominant allele hides the expression of the recessive one.
Cross 1: Tall plant with short plant
Parentals) TT x tt
gametes) T T t t
Punnett square) T T
t Tt Tt
t Tt Tt
F1) Genotypes
100% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous Tt
Phenotype
100% of the progeny is expected to be tall
Cross 2: Purple flowers with white flowers
Parentals) PP x pp
Gametes) P P p p
Punnett square) P P
p Pp Pp
p Pp Pp
F1) Genotype
100% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous Pp
Phenotype
100% of the progeny is expected to have purple flowers
Cross 3: Yellow seeds with green seeds
Parentals) Yy x yy
Gametes) Y y y y
Punnett square) Y y
y Yy yy
y Yy yy
F1) Genotype
50% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous Pp
50% of the progeny is expected to be homozygous recessive, pp
Phenotype
50% of the progeny is expected to have yellow seeds
50% of the progeny is expected to have green seeds
Cross 4: Two purple flowers
Parentals) Pp x Pp
Gametes) P p P p
Punnett square) P p
P PP Pp
p Pp pp
F1) Genotype
25% of the progeny is expected to be homozygous dominant PP
50% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous Pp
25% of the progeny is expected to be homozygous recessive pp
Phenotype
75% of the progeny is expected to have purple flowers
25% of the progeny is expected to have white flowers
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As shown in this Punnett square, one variety of deafness in humans is caused by an autosomal recessive allele (d). Two parents who do not show any signs of the disease but are carriers (Dd) could therefore have a child who is deaf, because that child could inherit one recessive deafness-causing allele from each parent (dd). Parents Hearing (Dd) x Hearing (Dd) Offspring Sperm D d Dd Hearing D DD Hearing (carrier) Eggs Dd Hearing dd Deaf (carrier).
Use the Punnett square from the introduction and the ones you drew for Part A to select the three statements that are true about the inheritance of this form of deafness. A. The child of a deaf man and a DD hearing woman will definitely have hearing B. If a deaf child is born to hearing parents, both parents must be Dd.
C. If a deaf man and a hearing woman have a deaf child, the mother's genotype must be Dd. D. If the first two children from Dd parents are deaf, there is no risk that their next child will also be deaf. E. The child of a Dd father and Dd mother has a 50% chance of having hearing.
As shown in the Punnett Square below, one variety of deafness is caused by an autosomal sheepish allele.
Two parents who don't show any signs of the complaint but are carriers could thus have a child who's deaf because that child could inherit one sheepish deafness-causing gene from each parent.
Still, both parents must be Dd, If a deaf child is born to hearing parents. Still, the mama's genotype must be Dd, If a deaf man and a hail woman have a deaf child. The child of a deaf man and a DD hail woman will surely have hail.
Still, Punnett Square, you have a 25( 1 in 4) chance of inheriting the abnormal gene from both parents and developing the complaint, If you're born to parents who both carry the same autosomal sheepish gene.
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Cases A, B, and C are the three statements that are true about carrier parents (Dd) who may have a child who is deaf (dd), because that child could inherit one recessive deafness-causing allele from each parent.
Based on the given introduction, we can create a punnett square as follows: (please refer to the attached image for a clear punnett reference)
D d
D DD Dd
d Dd dd
Based on this punnett square, we can now justify the main answer in the following manner. The child of a deaf man (dd) and a carrier woman (Dd) will definitely be able to hear. If a deaf child (dd) is born to hearing parents, both parents must be hearing (Dd). If a deaf man (dd) and a hearing woman have a dead child (dd), the mother's genotype must be (Dd). Case D is not possible as the first two children from Dd parents can be deaf. Case E is also incorrect because The child of Dd parents has 75% chances pf hearing, and not just 50%.
A Punnett square is a graphical representation of the genotypes that could result from a specific cross or breeding event. Creating a Punnett square necessitates knowledge of the parents' genetic make-up. A tabular format contains all of the possible combinations of their gametes.
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Assume that genes C and D are located on the same chromosome. On one chromosome, alleles C and D are found, while the homologue contains alleles c and d. Which of the following would be evidence of a recombination event?Multiple ChoiceAlleles C and D together on one chromosome.Alleles c and d together on one chromosome.Alleles C and d together on one chromosome.Alleles c and D together on one chromosome.Both alleles C and d together on one chromosome and alleles c and D together on one chromosome.
Both alleles C and d together on one chromosome and alleles c and D together on one chromosome.
As per the options, this one will be the best evidence of a recombination event.
Genes are referred to as being unlinked when they are located on distinct chromosomes or distantly from one another on the same chromosome.Genes are referred to as linked when they are located close to one another on the same chromosome. This means that the alleles, or gene variants, that are already present on one chromosome will most likely be inherited together.By calculating the recombination frequency using information from genetic crosses, we may determine whether and how closely two genes are connected.Making linkage maps, which display the arrangement and relative locations of the genes on the chromosome, requires finding the recombination frequencies for numerous gene pairs.Learn more about chromosome here :
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the graphs above show a change in distribution of beak phenotypes x, y, and z over 10 generations. notice that beak x completely disappears from the population by generation 5, but reappears by generation 10. could this occur in nature? how? yes, the alleles for beak x could remain in the population as a recessive gene. yes, the birds could mutate their beaks in response to a change in the environment. yes, genetic mutation is so frequent that beak x will likely reappear randomly by generation 10. no, once birds with beak x are extinct, they cannot appear again.
Yes, the alleles for beak x could remain in the population as a recessive gene.
The reappearance of beak x after it disappeared from the population could be due to the presence of heterozygous individuals (individuals carrying one dominant allele for beak y or z and one recessive allele for beak x) that were not expressing the beak x phenotype in the earlier generations. These individuals would carry the genetic information for beak x and could pass it on to their offspring if they mate with another heterozygous or homozygous recessive individual. Eventually, the frequency of the beak x allele could increase to the point where it is expressed in a significant proportion of the population again.
Alternatively, the reappearance of beak x could be due to genetic mutation that occurs over time, but the likelihood of this is low as it's not a common event.
It's also possible that the reappearance of beak x is due to the change in the environment that favors beak x. This can be only possible if the environment is fluctuating.
Overall, the reappearance of beak x after it disappears from the population is a possible scenario in nature, particularly if the alleles for beak x are still present in the population and can be expressed again under certain circumstances.
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The alleles for beaks with x phenotype could remain in the population as a recessive gene.
The reappearance of beak x after it disappeared from the population could be due to the presence of heterozygous individuals (individuals carrying one dominant allele for beak y or z and one recessive allele for beak x) that were not expressing the beak x phenotype in the earlier generations. These individuals would carry the genetic information for beak x and could pass it on to their offspring if they mate with another heterozygous or homozygous recessive individual. Eventually, the frequency of the beak x allele could increase to the point where it is expressed in a significant proportion of the population again.
Alternatively, the reappearance of beak x could be due to a genetic mutation that occurs over time, but the likelihood of this is low as it's not a common event. Overall, the reappearance of beak x after it disappears from the population is a possible scenario in nature, particularly if the alleles for beak x are still present in the population and can be expressed again under certain circumstances.
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definition of Conductivity
Answer:
Conductivity is the quality/power when it comes to conducting or transmitting
Explanation:
Schistosomiasis, malaria and yellow fever are negative results of this type of energy production in tropical locations
Schistosomiasis, malaria and yellow fever are negative results of hydroelectric type of energy production in tropical locations.
Electricity generated by the force of fast-moving water, such as rivers or waterfalls: The area is primarily reliant on hydroelectricity. Solar power, hydroelectricity, and wind power are some of the alternative energy sources used.
All streams and rivers flow downward. Because of its height, the water contains potential energy before flowing down the hill. Hydropower systems transform potential energy into kinetic energy in a turbine, which drives a generator to generate electricity.
Impoundment facilities are the most frequent type of hydroelectric power plant. An impoundment facility, often a major hydroelectric system, employs a dam to hold river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir runs through a turbine, turning it and activating a generator, which produces energy.
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for which of these datasets is it appropriate to make a bar graph? select all that apply. honey production variation with temperature in a hive of bees number of eggs laid by four species of butterflies heart rate (beats per minute) when resting, walking, or running five miles per hour number of children in each grade at an elementary school
It is appropriate to make a bar graph for the following datasets: honey production variation with temperature in a hive of bees, number of fertilized eggs by four butterfly species, number of elementary school pupils in each grade
There are many types of graphs that can be used to display data, and the appropriate type of graph to use depends on the type of data and the message you want to convey. Some common types of graphs include:
Bar graphs: used to compare categorical data
Line graphs: used to show changes in continuous data over time
Pie charts: used to show proportions of different categories
A bar graph is a useful way to display categorical data and compare different categories, or groups. In the datasets you mentioned, it is useful to compare the honey production at different temperatures, the number of eggs laid by different butterfly species, and the number of children in different grades.
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I have a bio poster presentation and I chose plant growth topic. Which plant should i do poster? u can give any suggestions and facts
Answer: You can use beans/bean sprouts or Mushrooms
Explanation: They grow quickly and in large quantities
How do the electrons move according to the Rutherford model of the atom?
Answer:
In Rutherford's planetary model of the atom, the electrons move through empty space around the tiny positive nucleus like planets orbiting the sun.
Answer: Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand-born physicist, outlined the structure of an atom in 1911. The atom is defined by Rutherford's atomic theory as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus that is encircled by negative charges called electrons.
Explanation: Rutherford's atomic model makes the following assumptions:
The positive charge and the major portion of an atom's mass are concentrated in an extremely small volume. He alluded to this region of the atom as the nucleus.
As per Rutherford's model, negatively charged electrons encompass an atom's nucleus. He also alleged that the electrons surrounding the nucleus travel in circular paths at high velocities. These circular paths were designated orbits by him.
A strong electrostatic attraction force retains electrons, which are negatively charged, and the nucleus, which is a densely concentrated mass of positively charged particles, together.
which of the following food sources provides the highest amount of protein per 100-gram serving issa
The highest amount of protein per 100-gram serving is found in lean beef.
Protein is an essential macronutrient that is important for building and repairing tissues, as well as maintaining healthy bones, muscles, and organs. Different types of food provide varying amounts of protein per serving, and some sources are more concentrated than others.
Lean beef is an excellent source of protein, providing about 26 grams of protein per 100-gram serving. This is higher than other protein sources such as chicken (about 23 grams per 100-gram serving) and fish (about 20 grams per 100-gram serving). Other animal-based sources like eggs, cheese, and milk also provide a good amount of protein per serving, but they are lower compared to lean beef.
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If blood group of mother is 'AB' and father is 'O', the child may beO A, AB or OO AB or O O B or OO A or B
If the mother's blood group is 'AB' and the father is 'O', the child may be A or B.
The mother's blood group contains the Ia (A) and Ib (B) genes that give the AB blood group. The father’s blood group has two recessive i genes, giving him the O blood group.
According to the above table, the child may have A or B groups.
The blood group A is denoted by Iai or IaIa genes, while IbIb or Ibi indicate the B blood group.
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If blood group of mother is 'AB' and father is 'O', the child may be (d) A or B will be the correct option.
The classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antibodies and hereditary antigenic compounds on the surface of red blood cells is known as a blood type (also known as a blood group) (RBCs). Depending on the blood group system, these antigens could be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids. Some of these antigens can be found on the surface of numerous other cell types found in different organs. A blood group system is made up of a number of these red blood cell surface antigens that can all come from the same allele (or different gene).
The father carries the genotype I OI O or O if his blood type is O. The mother's genotype would be I AI B because she has blood type AB. Children with these two conceivable pairings would have genotypes I AI O or I BI O, respectively, giving them blood groups A or B .
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Which two substances does a thylakoid need in order to produce substances
that store chemical energy?
A. NADPH
B. ADP
C. NADP+
D. ATP
SUBMIT
ATP and NADPH are the two substances that are used by the thylakoids to produce substance that store chemical energy.
define thylakoids ?
A flattened sac or vesicle lined with a pigmented membrane that serves as the site of photosynthesis, occurring in plants and algae as interconnected stacks constituting a granum of the chloroplast, and occurring in other photosynthesizing organisms either singly or as part of the cell membrane or other structure.
A thylakoid is a sheet-like membrane-bound structure in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria that is the location of light-dependent photosynthesis processes. It is the location of the chlorophyll, which absorbs light and uses it in metabolic activities. Thylakoid is derived from the Greek word thylakos, which meaning pouch or sac. "Thylakoid" means "pouch-like" with the -oid suffix.
ATP and NADPH are the twio substances that are used by the thylakoids to produce substance that store chemical energy.
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In the movie Contagion, Why is the woman from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) not willing to go to the public about the disease?
Answer:
The woman from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) in the movie Contagion is not willing to go to the public about the disease because she is following the protocols and guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and there is no clear understanding of the nature of the disease or its origin, and also it could lead to misinformation and unnecessary panic.
Explanation:
In the movie Contagion, the woman from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) is not willing to go to the public about the disease because she is following the protocols and guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC has not yet confirmed the outbreak, and going public before an official confirmation could cause unnecessary panic and chaos. Additionally, the woman from MDH is not willing to go to the public about the disease because there is no clear understanding of the nature of the disease or its origin, so there is no way to give accurate information to the public, and also it could lead to misinformation.
Going public too early could also hinder the ability of the MDH and other health organizations to effectively contain and control the outbreak. The woman from the MDH is following a cautious and responsible approach to the outbreak, which is in line with the protocols and guidelines set by the CDC. She is making sure that the information that is disseminated to the public is accurate and that the public is not panicked, and also she wants to avoid misinformation to spread.
Identify some enzymes that are present in lysosomes? How do these enzymes help in substances engulfing?
Some enzymes that are present in lysosomes include the following below and they help in substance engulfing by breaking down all types of biological polymers.
ProteasesNucleasesLipasesPhospholipases etcThis is referred to as a membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers such as proteins, carbohydrates etc in the cells of living organisms.
When the substances are broken down into simpler substances, it makes it easier for the lysosome to engulf them so as to prevent different forms of unwanted occurrences which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice in this scenario.
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Why is the R-group significant in the structure of proteins?
The R-group is the same in all amino acids and its chemical and physical properties give each amino acid unique
characteristics and functions.
The R-group is different in some amino acids and its chemical and physical properties give some amino acid unique
characteristics and functions.
The R-group is different in different amino acids and its chemical and physical properties give each amino acid unique
characteristics and functions.
The R-group is the same in all amino acids and its chemical and physical properties give all amino acids the same
characteristics and functions.
The R-group compose the amino acids as a side chain. C) The R-group is different in different amino acids and its chemical and physical properties give each amino acid unique characteristics and functions.
What is the R-group?The R-group is part of amino acids. The R-group composition is what makes them different from each other and provide each amino acid its own characteristic properties.
They are side chains that might be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic and, according to this property, they arrange in the protein facing the interior or exterior of the molecule, providing stability.
In a three-dimensional structure, the hydrophobic R-groups stick in the center of the polypeptide, facing the protein interior, and avoiding interaction with water. The hydrophilic R-groups, on the contrary, remain on the surface in contact with water.
Chemically speaking, some amino acids share the same type of R-groups, and some other not. So, in a folded molecule, amino acids with similar chemical side groups can function in the same way.
These are,
Non-polar R-groupCarboxyl R-groupAmine R-groupAromatic R-groupHydroxy R-groupOther R-groupsAccording to this framework, the correct option is C) The R-group is different in different amino acids and its chemical and physical properties give each amino acid unique characteristics and functions.
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fill in the blank. there are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing. if arya blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them, that is___. but if she then swats at the gnat, that is___. group of answer choices involuntary; voluntary
There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing. if arya blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them, that is involuntary behavior. but if she then swats at the gnat, that is voluntary behavior.
involuntary behavior can be defined as where the unlearned behavior is a reflex response to a stimuli, they can also be called as unconscious behaviors
involuntary is controlled by autonomic system
another example, could be contraction of diaphragm
whereas, voluntary are where they exhibit behavior knowingly and is under conscious, they are under control and is learned behavior.
voluntary controlled by somatic system.
another example could be raising an arm to scratch your head
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in people with sickle-cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog blood vessels. blood vessels and broken cells accumulate in the spleen. among other symptoms, this leads to physical weakness, heart failure, pain, and brain damage. such a suite of symptoms can be explained by . view available hint(s)for part a in people with sickle-cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog blood vessels. blood vessels and broken cells accumulate in the spleen. among other symptoms, this leads to physical weakness, heart failure, pain, and brain damage. such a suite of symptoms can be explained by . a bacterial infection interacting with the sickle-cell allele the pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allele side effects of the drugs used to treat sickle-cell disease the polygenic nature of sickle-cell disease
In people with sickle-cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog blood vessels. These symptoms clogged blood vessels and broken cells accumulate in the spleen.
This leads to a suite of symptoms such as physical weakness, heart failure, pain, and brain damage. Such a suite of symptoms can be explained by the pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allele. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder caused by a change in the hemoglobin gene, it causes the red blood cells to become Sickle cell disease shaped and rigid, this shape causes them to clump and block the blood cells. The pleiotropic effects of the Sickle cell disease refer to the fact that a single genetic change can have multiple effects on an organism's phenotype, in this case, the genetic change causes problems in the shape of the red blood cells, which leads to multiple symptoms.
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The complete Question is :
In people with sickle cell disease, red blood cells break down, clump, and clog the blood vessels. The blood vessels and the broken cells accumulate in the spleen. Among other things this leads to physical weakness, heart failure, joint pain, and brain damage. Such a suite of symptoms can be explained by ____.
Two species that occasionally mate and produce zygotes, but which have incompatible genes that prevent the resulting embryo from developing, are separated by A). mechanical isolation. B). gametic isolation. C). reduced hybrid fertility. D). reduced hybrid viability. E). hybrid breakdown.
The correct answer is (D), i.e., reduced hybrid viability. Two species with inharmonious genes sometimes copulate and are successfully prezygotic, but the embryos are always abandoned. This is an illustration of behavioral insulation.
Prezygotic walls help members of different species, from lovemaking to single-celled embryos, to produce a zygote. Some illustration scripts are below. Two species might prefer different territories and therefore be doubtful to encounter one another. This is called niche insulation.
Reproductive insulation is a collection of mechanisms, actions, and physiological processes that help the members of two different species cross or copulate to produce seed or which ensure that any seed that may be produced isn't rich.
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Two species that occasionally mate and produce zygotes as well as have incompatible genes which prevent the embryo from developing are separated due to: (E) hybrid breakdown.
Genes are the basic factors through which traits are inherited from the parents to the offspring. These genes are present on the chromosomes at specific locations. The gene encode information for the protein synthesis that are the actual functional units.
Hybrid breakdown is a reproductive failure in genetic crosses that can be seen after the F2 generation. This results in the production of an offspring which is unable to reproduce, i.e. is sterile.
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Given the original and mutated DNA strands below, identify the mutation.
ORIGINAL= A-T-T-C-G-G-A-A-C-T-G-A
MUTATED = A-T-T-C-G-G-G-A-A-C-T-G-A
Given the original and mutated DNA strands below, frameshift mutation is shown . Frameshift mutations are gene mutations that alter the base sequence of an entire genetic frame from the point of the mutation.
One or more nucleotides can be added or removed as part of this process. A DNA sequence that has been mutated contains one insertional and one substitution mutation that causes the reading frame of the base sequence to shift, or a frameshift mutation.
What is mutation?A change in the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's genome, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA is known as a mutation in biology. DNA or RNA are contained in viral genomes.
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intracellular or extracellular triggers can initiate apoptosis signals. during apoptosis, a message prompts a cascade of proteins. part of programmed cell death involves the fragmentation of dna and the deconstruction of organelles and other cytoplasmic components. apoptosis shields adjacent cells from potential damage. which of the following is an example of apoptosis that aids in embryonic development?
Apoptosis occurs in soft tissue cells between the fingers and toes during development to separate the digits from each other. The formation of heart loops is also dependent on the apoptosis process.
intracellular or extracellular triggers can initiate apoptosis signals. during apoptosis, a message prompts a cascade of proteins. part of programmed cell death involves the fragmentation of dna and the deconstruction of organelles and other cytoplasmic components. apoptosis shields adjacent cells from potential damage.
In his article "The Apoptotic Oocyte," Gary Wessel of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, discusses the role of apoptosis in human females. Apoptosis occurs in human female oocytes during development and after birth. Scientists estimate that seven to eight million oocytes are formed in the fetus, which are reduced to about 100,000 oocytes at birth and then to a few hundred when menopause begins.
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What affects watersheds. What if an oil spill happens in a certain river, like the Colorado river, which watershed will be affected? What is a divide?
Watersheds are affected by lake levels, groundwater inflow and outflow, and stream flow rates.
If an oil spill happens in a certain river, like the Colorado River, the watershed that will be affected is the delta of the river.
A divide is an elevated line dividing places that get water from various river systems.
What is a watershed?A watershed is a region of land that directs precipitation and snowmelt into creeks, streams, and rivers, finally flowing into reservoirs, bays, and the ocean as outflow sites.
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Finding shelter, avoiding predators, andobtaining food are most closely related tothe ability of an animal to
Finding shelter, avoiding predators, and obtaining food are most closely related to the ability of an animal to Use structures adapted for movement.
An animal's ability to adapt to its environment is what allows it to live. All creatures must be able to find food and water, defend themselves from attack, endure the environment, and bear offspring in order to prevent the extinction of their species. Therefore, any animal that successfully survives on land or in water has developed physical or behavioural adaptations to support those aims. A bodily part, a body covering, a body function, or a behaviour that improves an animal's chances of surviving in a specific environment are all examples of adaptations.
Animals acquire these adaptations over time to fit their surroundings. Animals with features that enable them survive are more likely to live and pass those traits on to their offspring according to the process of natural selection. These changes take place gradually over a lengthy period of time as animals adjust to their surroundings. Adaptations take many generations to develop. Although ecosystems supply the food, water, and shelter that animals require, there are other factors involved in survival. Animals can survive, reproduce, and obtain food in that particular area thanks to their unique adaptations. Without these adaptations, the species would not have been able to survive in that setting.
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which of the following items should be autoclaved after working in the lab? multiple choice wash bin glass bacterial culture tubes dissection tray used for preserved specimen discarded dissection tissue
After working in the lab, glass bacterial culture tubes should be autoclaved.
Culture tubes, culture plates, swabs, toothpicks, wipes, disposable transfer needles, and gloves should all be placed in a biohazard autoclave bag and autoclaved for 30 to 40 minutes at 121 °C at 20 pounds of pressure.
Pre-cleaned borosilicate glass test tubes with no rims. Tubes can be used for hot or cold applications, are reusable, and can be autoclaved.
Steam, high pressure, and time are used to complete the process. Steam is remarkably effective at transferring thermal energy (when compared to dry air) and can sterilise a load at 121 °C in just 15 minutes. The vast majority of laboratory glass bottles are autoclavable.
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If the input water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of 18O , then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with 18. Which of the following is most likely the explanation?answer choicesDuring the light reaction of photosynthesis , the water split, removing electrons and protons and oxygen is released in the atmosphereDuring the light reaction of photosynthesis the water is split, the hydrogen atom combines with CO2 and O2 gas is releasedDuring the Calvin cycle , water is split , regenerating NADPH from NADP+ , and oxygen is releasedDuring the Calvin cycle, water is split, the hydrogen atoms are added to immidiates of sugar synthesis, and oxygen gas is released.
A) During the light reaction of photosynthesis , the water split, removing electrons and protons and oxygen is released in the atmosphere is the correct explanation for photosynthesis.
What causes the water splitting during photosynthesis?The cellular proteins photosystem II (PSII), which is located in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and green plant chloroplasts alongside other proteins of the photosynthetic light interactions, photochemically oxidized to form water.
What does the photosynthetic Calvin cycle entail?The C3 cycle would be another name for the Calvin cycle. The carbon from the carbon cycle gets resolved into sugars during a cycle of chemical reactions. It actually took place in the plant cell's chloroplast. Then, these three-carbon molecules can be metabolized by plants and animals into amino acids, nucleotides, and more complex carbohydrates like starches.
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The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is
6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O.
If the input water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of 18O , then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with 18. Which of the following is most likely the explanation?
A) During the light reaction of photosynthesis , the water split, removing electrons and protons and oxygen is released in the atmosphere.
B) During the light reaction of photosynthesis the water is split, the hydrogen atom combines with CO2 and O2 gas is released.
C) During the Calvin cycle , water is split , regenerating NADPH from NADP+ , and oxygen is released.
D) During the Calvin cycle, water is split, the hydrogen atoms are added to immidiates of sugar synthesis, and oxygen gas is released.
list three unique properties of water that make it an ideal medium cellular functioning, and explain how each property is useful to a plant.
Polarity, adhesion and cohesion are three unique properties of water that make it an ideal medium cellular functioning.
Water is present inside cells, which is the basis for cell life. Water is utilized to carry nutrients into and inside of cells (intracellular).
Polarity: Liquid water can dissolve a wide variety of ionic and polar covalent compounds thanks to the polarity of its molecules, which makes it a "universal solvent." Numerous chemicals required by organisms can be dissolved by water.
Cohesion: One water molecule's positive hydrogen will link with the negative oxygen of the next-door molecule, whose own hydrogens are drawn to the next oxygen, and so on. Importantly, this interaction causes water molecules to adhere to one another, a phenomenon known as cohesion. Water molecules stick together, allowing plants to absorb water at their roots. Water's high boiling point, which aids in animal body temperature regulation, is also a result of cohesion.
Adhesion: Adhesion is essential for the development of multicellular animals because it enables cellular communication as well as the preservation of tissue and organ structure. Numerous physiological functions, including cell migration, homeostasis, signaling, and tissue development, depend on cell adhesion. As a result, its dysregulation is linked to a variety of disorders and is thus medically relevant. The association between cell adhesion and cancer deserves special attention.
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regarding the evolution of metabolism and the energetically and environmentally unstable early earth, why is it conceivable that the first microbes were lithotrophs and possibly lithophototrophs.
It is conceivable that the first microbes were lithotrophs and possibly lithotrophs because lithotrophs belong to the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Geological significance are lithotrophs participate in many geological processes, such as the formation of soil and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements.
Lithotrophs is basically related with the modern-day issue of acid mine drainage.
An organism that obtains its energy from inorganic compounds (such as ammonia) via electron transfer is call lithotrophs.
Lithotrophs are found in soil and aquatic environments where they can find their energy source is present. lithotrophs are autotrophs which means they can grow in the absence of any organic material.
Lithotrophic species are found among the Bacteria and the Archaea.
Obligate lithotrophs include sulfide-, sulfur-, metal-, ammonium-, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Facultative lithotrophs include aerobic hydrogen- and CO-oxidizing bacteria.
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The phenomenon when positive and negative space change places, as seen in A Shape of Space is called:
The phenomenon when positive and negative space change places, as seen in A Shape of Space is called figure-ground reversal.
An essential component of object recognition through vision is figure-ground organization, a sort of perceptual grouping. A figure from the backdrop can be recognized, in Gestalt psychology. For instance, white sheet is referred to as the "background," and black words on a printed page are referred to as the "figure."
Gestalt psychology was the field from which the idea of figure-ground perception was born. The whole is more (or different), in the Gestalt perspective, than the sum of its parts. The word "form" or "shape" in German is where the word "gestalt" originates.
A number of German psychologists, including Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Kohler, started looking into several perception-related concepts in the 1920s. These rules control how humans interpret an often-chaotic environment. The Gestalt laws of perceptual organization are a result of their research.
According to the Gestalt theory of perception, individuals make sense of their environment by bringing together various, different pieces to form a coherent whole.
When you look at forms that have been drawn on paper, for instance, your mind is likely to group the shapes according to resemblance or closeness. Things that resemble one another are frequently grouped together. Nearby objects frequently end up grouped together as well.
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