Before the clincial trials, drugs are tested in the laboratory. The laboratory trials are not trials on people. What is the drug tested on in these laboratory trials?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Before the drugs can be tested on humans they have to be tested using a few other methods first. Firstly they have to complete computer model tests and human cells grown from stem cells. After that, they are tested on animals to see even more possible side effects and how well the drug does. And after the animal and computer and lab tests they can be used in clinical trials.


Related Questions

Alvin is propelled by ____ hydraulic thrusters and features an electrical system powered by lead-acid batteries. *

Answers

Answer:

Alvin is propelled by _gas or diesel___ hydraulic thrusters and features an electrical system powered by lead-acid batteries.

Explanation:

Technically, this implies that Alvin is working on motor-assist mode, using a hybrid engine.  Alvin is, therefore, propelled by an internal combustion engine (given the presence of hydraulic thrusters) in addition to an electric motor, which uses energy stored in (lead-acid) batteries.  Alvin must be a robot.

How does energy flow through a system?

Answers

Answer:

In general, energy flows from the Sun to producers and then to consumers. The path is linear as the energy present in one step is transferred to the next. You can find specific examples of this pathway in an ecosystem. ... Energy may be lost in living systems as it flows through them

Explanation:

HELP WILL GIVE BRANLIEST AND EXTRA POINTS! (Question 4)

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

it has a soft outside

If the process illustrated in the diagram is interrupted by a chemical at point X, there would be an immediate effect on the release of

1) Chlorophyll
(2) carbon dioxide gas
(3) nitrogen gas
(4) oxygen gas​

Answers

Answer: oxygen

Explanation:

If the process illustrated in the diagram is interrupted by a chemical at point X, there would be an immediate effect on the release of oxygen gas.

What is chloroplast?

Photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is transformed to chemical energy and results in the generation of oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds, takes place in the chloroplast, a structure found inside the cells of plants and green algae.

Close relatives of chloroplasts that are free-living are photosynthetic cyanobacteria; according to the endosymbiotic theory, these organisms are the ancestors of both chloroplasts and mitochondria, which are eukaryotic cells' energy-producing organelles.

Therefore, If the process illustrated in the diagram is interrupted by a chemical at point X, there would be an immediate effect on the release of oxygen gas.

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what is the difference between phenotypes and genotypes​

Answers

Phenotypes are the physical makeup of a living thing and genotypes are the genetic makeup of the living thing

Answer:

Phenotype are physical traits a organism can inherit for example color, height, or body features are phenotype. Genotype are genetic traits that can be inherited for example personality, or behavior traits. So the primary difference between phenotype and genotype is that "phenotype are psychical characteristics while genotype is genetic."

Hope this helps.

Identify the organ of the digestive system.
A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)large intestine
D)liver

Answers

i think the answer is b because the small intestine has all three of the stomach, large intestine and liver.

My parents jus order the ps5 they just told.me it will be here next weel​

Answers

Answer:

U IS LUCKY A F

Explanation:

HOPE U ENJOY IT

Answer:

i also have a ps5

Explanation:

Why do human wanna live ?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

because there are people who love us, and people we love back. and we want to find out things, and learn, and become able to do things that we would like to do. we live bcz our family want us to live our life  and we want them to live along with us. and to make them feel happy   We live because we have hope, that tomorrow will be better  and want to see what happens next in future

A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown.

3’ GGC ACC TTA GCA TTT 5’

Which of the following is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

a) Proline – Tryptophan – Asparagine – Arginine – Lysine
b) Glycine – Threonine – Leucine – Alanine – Phenylalanine
c) Proline – Serine – Asparagine – Arginine - Phenylalanine
d) Alanine – Threonine – Phenylalanine – Arginine – Lysine

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

I took the test and got it right.

The option (A) is correct. Glycine – Threonine – Leucine – Alanine – Phenylalanine

What do you mean by amino acids?

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha amino acids appear in the genetic code.

Moreover, amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left. The human body uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body: Break down food.

Therefore, these 12 amino acids are isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, cysteine, tyrosine, histidine and arginine.

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Taking more than recommended levels of protein supplements may lead to all of the following EXCEPT?
A Dehydration
B Over-taxation of the kidneys
C Increased aerobic endurance
D. Increased body fat

Answers

C increased aerobic endurance

How is the purple stem trait variation similar to the tongue-rolling trait variation? ​

Answers

Explanation:

Species

A group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring (children that can reproduce themselves)

Trait

Characteristic of an organism (body part, behavior, chemical, produced)

Variation

Differences in trait expression

Inherited trait

Trait passed from parent to children (offspring)

Acquired Trait

Traits learned by/changed in an individual from interaction with the environment

Protein

A special type of biological molecule (only found in organisms) that organisms use to build, maintain, and operate the cells/tissues/organs of their bodies. (Like a prepared meal)

DNA

The biological molecule that serves as the chemical instructions or blueprints for building all the proteins an organism needs to build its body and survive. (Like words in a cookbook)

Gene

A section of a DNA molecule that serves as the instructions to build one protein. (Like one recipe in a cookbook)

Chromosomes

Large packages of coiled DNA molecules that are passed from parents to children. (Like different chapters on a cookbook)

Pollen

Flowering plant sperm (male sex cell)

Q1. Of which wavelength of light do carotenoids absorb the greatest percentage?
a)400nm
b)500nm
c)600nm
d)700nm

Answers

Answer:

B. it's between 460 and 550 nm which would put 500 almost directly in the middle

Explanation:

The wavelength of light which carotenoids absorb the greatest percentage is:

B)500nm

A wavelength of light is the visible light which the human eye can see. These have different wavelengths of which some are longer than the others, such as the infrared and the ultraviolet rays

A carotenoid is a type of pigment which are yellowish, orange and red and occurs in plants and algae.

As a result of this, we can see that a wavelength of light which carotenoids absorb the greatest percentage is anywhere between 460-550 nM which would fall under the range of option B

Therefore, the correct answer is option B

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What are diseases caused by protozoa called?
a. cutaneous
b. infectious
c. contagious
d. fungal

Answers

Answer:

B. infectious

Explanation:

:)

Answer:

The answer is B

hellppppp please will give brainliest ​

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

deciduous Forest...

What is observation used by scientists

Answers

Answer:

Scientists use observation to collect and record data, which enables them to construct and then test hypotheses and theories.

Explanation:

hope this helps

For the chemical formula C6H12 how many
carbons and hydrogens are there?

Answers

6 carbon
12 hydrogen

I’m pretty sure

if you flip a coin 100 times, how many times would you expect to get heads?

Answers

Answer:

Well, you expect to get heads 50 times and tails 50 times

Explanation:

1/2 of the coin is heads and 1/2 of the coin is tails

You can expect to get both heads and tails 50 times each

Please mark brainliest! Hope this helped!

How do giant sequoia trees acquire the matter and energy they need to grow so large?​

Answers

Answer:

Giant sequoias can grow more than 80 meters tall! molecules they need for growth using atoms from the water and air around them. ... Plants take in molecules from water and air around them to make different molecules that can be used for energy and growth.

Where do they get the matter they need to grow without eating? Giant sequoias can grow more than 80 meters tall! molecules they need for growth using atoms from the water and air around them. ... Plants take in molecules from water and air around them to make different molecules that can be used for energy and growth.

If u know the water cycle please answer this question

Answers

Answer:

Gravity

Explanation:

Percolation is the process of a liquid slowly passing through a filter. It's how coffee is usually made. Percolation comes from the Latin word percolare, which means "to strain through." Percolation happens when liquid is strained through a filter, like when someone makes coffee.

Evaporation-the process of turning from liquid into vapor.

Condensation-water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.

and gravity- Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects, and Earth's gravity pulls matter downward, toward its center. It pulls precipitation down from clouds and pulls water downhill. The warm water near the surface of the ocean heats up with sunlight and evaporates, keeping the water cycle in motion.

process represents cellular division in body cells?

Answers

Answer:

There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Most of the time when people refer to “cell division,” they mean mitosis, the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is a fundamental process for life.

Explanation:

What causes waves to form....tides pull the water upward but what moves the waves side to side.
A Wind and boats

B Heat and water
C Gravity and Water
D Wind and gravity

Answers

I’m thinking d so I hope this helps

Stagnant, shallow areas of water-saturated soil, where the rate of photosynthesis is low, are best characterized as:______.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - bogs.

Explanation:

Bogs or boglands is a wetland that is made up of dead organic matter such as dead plants or parts of the plants like mosses, majority time it is a thick carpet of sphagnum moss. All these form spongy peat which is stagnant.

Most of the water present in this wetland comes from rainfall instead of runoff or streams from the groundwater which makes it a wetland with a shallow area of water-saturated soil. This wetland is known for its less photosynthesis.

Given this sequence of nucleotide bases on a strand of DNA: TCAGAT, state the sequence on it's complementary strand of DNA.

Answers

ununhahhdhcbahhbhjcn hsj bchbhcachhas hca hvahvh

What new rock formations did you see when the landscape was only exposed to energy from Earth's interior? ​

Answers

Answer:

They become igneous rock and then sedimentary rocks

The rocks firms through the different source of energy such as those that form by fire are igneous rocks The rocks that term by the energy of the sun are sedimentary rocks.

The rocks that are formed by the accumulation of distinct heat and pressure within the earth are known as metamorphic rocks.The rocks that come out when the lands are exposed to energy that comes from the interior of the earth are igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks.

Learn more about the rock formations did you see when the landscape.

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What is the most common method used to count a large species population

Answers

Answer:

Sampling

Explanation:

In research terms a sample is a group of people, objects, or items that are taken from a larger population for measurement. The sample should be representative of the population to ensure that we can generalize the findings from the research sample to the population as a whole.

An anatomy and physiology student, is asked to breathe through a 3-foot long glass tube. What effect does this action have on his blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?

Answers

Answer:

If a student breathes through a 3 feet long glass tube it will affect the physiology of the student in various ways such as a change in blood pH, urine pH, and rate of respiration.

It will result in an increase in the normal volume area of the trachea and bronchi as it is a closed system as a face mask. The increase in this dead volume are will result in double the volume of CO2. Decrease the pH of the blood.

When asked to breathe through 3-foot long glass tube there would reduced oxygen available to the tissue (hypoxia) which had the following effects discussed below.

Hypoxia occurs when there is reduced oxygen available to the body tissues.

When asked to breathe through a 3-foot long glass tube, it can lead to hypoxia.

The effect of hypoxia include the following:

Blood pH: Due to increase in anaerobic respiration in the tissues, lactate production increases leading to a fall in blood pH.

Urine pH: Hypoxia leads to increase in renal sodium excretion which helps acid-base balance of the body fluid.

Respiratory rate: There is significant increase in respiratory rate to compensate for the decreased tissue oxygen levels.

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the three types of newari guthis​

Answers

Answer:

newari , ? u nepali or which country ?

Explanation:

There are three really important types of guthi: death guthi, lineage deity guthi, and general worship guthi.

Answer:

Si guthi related to death rituals

Dewali guthi related to worship of the clan deity

NASA guthi related to music

Explanation;

Below is a sequence from a template strand of DNA. Write the sequence of the mRNA that would be transcribed from this. Be sure to label the 3’ and 5’ ends.


​DNA:​​3’ A G G T C T T C A C 5’

​mRNA:​

Answers

Answer:

In the transcription of DNA to mRNA, for the DNA sequence 3'-AGGTCTCAC-5' corresponds to an mRNA sequence 5'-UCCAGAAGUG-3'.

Explanation:

Transcription is the process by which a strand of mRNA, needed to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm, is synthesized from a strand of DNA.

The sequence of nucleotides in the RNA chain depends on the sequence of bases in the DNA strand, being placed according to the complementarity of nitrogenous bases, where a purine is complemented with a pyrimidine.

In RNA, the thymine base is replaced by Uracil, the complementary base to adenine of DNA.

ADN   mRNA

A            U

T            A

C            G

G            C

For this reason:

DNA:​​    3’ A G G T C T T C A C 5’

mRNA: 5'-U C C A G A A G U G-3'

What is formed by organized groups of cells with similar structures and a common purpose?
A
organ
00
digestion
С
circulation
D
tissue

Answers

Answer:

Cells with similar structures and a common purpose that are organized form a tissue (option D).

Explanation:

Biological tissues are structures originated by the grouping of differentiated cells, which are organized and distributed in such a way that they can fulfill a function in a coordinated way. A characteristic of tissues is that all the cells that constitute them have the same embryonic origin.

An example of a tissue is nervous tissue, formed by neurons, specialized cells that when united form it and fulfill the same function.

The functions of cells are mainly multiplication, development and differentiation, in addition to their ability to group together to form tissues.

The other options are not correct because:

    A. Organs are formed from differentiated tissue.

    B and C. Digestion and circulation are functions that depend on the organs of the digestive and circulatory systems, respectively.

How was the earths biosphere affected during the Precambrian era

Answers

Answer:

Some three billion years ago, the Earth's atmosphere was virtually devoid of oxygen. At about 2.4 billion years ago, oxygen was released from the seas as a byproduct of photosynthesis by cyanobacteria. Levels of the gas gradually climbed, reaching about one percent around two billion years ago.

Explanation:

Hope this helped!

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How is the setting of the story (the place, time, and surroundings details where an event takes place) relevant to the author's description of the coyotes' abilities to "drift into invisibility"? a The coyotes' coats blend into the desert landscape. b Because if the author moves suddenly he might scare the coyotes away. c It shows that it's a very cloudy day and the clouds affect the gun's scope. d When the coyotes move, the sun will be in the author's eyes, and the coyotes will no longer be visible. can you answer my questions quick Who is responsible for planning and organizing the National Convention plz answer this is do tomorrow Lucia invests $5000 at a rate of 4.5% per year compound interest. Calculate the value of her investment at the end of 7 years. please solve this problem for me In 2003, the average attendance per game for a football team was about (1 104) + (9 103) + (9 102). What is this number in standard form?show work PLEASE HELP ME!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! You think that although there are some differences, the human nervous system is similar to a computer. You're friend says, "No way! A computer is just metal, wires, and plastic." Develop an argument that would persuade your friend that there are similarities between these two systems. Include specific examples and evidence to support your position. A rock is thrown upward with a velocity of 17 meters per second from the top of a 31 meter high cliff and it missies the cliff on the way back down when will the rock ve 8 meters from the ground level A box of 11 transistors has 4 defective ones. A) If 2 transistors are drawn from the box together, what is the probability that both transistors are defective?B) If 2 transistors are drawn from the box together, what is the probability that neither transistor is defective? C) If 2 transistors are drawn from the box together, what is the probability that one transistor is defective? what is the linear function? Find the output when the input is n. please help.the numbers.1=62=53=44=3 No _____ un elefante en la clase. a. estn c. son b. hay d. qu Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D write a letter to yoursistertellingher about your favourSubject Based on details in the passage, what can the reader conclude about the author? A) the author prefers to keep an open mind. B) the author enjoys listening to spooky stories. D) the author does not like traveling to rural areas. D) the author does not believes in paranormal activity. Chasing the Paulding LightAlexandra Rowker, Investigative Journalist Please answer these series of questions! I will give high points and brainliest!A. Reduce 3/51 to its simplest termsB. Solve 7 divided by 3 (in fractions!) C. 19 divided by 3 (fractions)D. Reduce 50/80 to simplest termsE. Reduce 9/14 to simplest terms F. Reduce 36/54 to simplest termsG. Solve 55 divided by 12 (fractions)H. Reduce 9/153 to simplest terms Thats all! ( please answer correct my life is depending on it, my mom will literally beat me up ) What is a large chunk of ice afloat in the ocean Write as a product:a2+b22ab 25 if you a boy answer this question because............. idk The ruler in Inca government...1.had great respect towards his subjects2.had democratic tendencies3.had absolute powers4.had limited powers The Jewel Golf Club Company, which recently began using a Kanban system, has had problems with high inventory levels of one of the handle grips used to make several versions of its clubs. Daily demand for the grip is 3000 units, average waiting time during production is 0.20 day, processing time is 0.10 day per container, and a container holds 150 grips. How many Kanban containers would Jewel require if a 15% policy variable is used?a. three or fewerb. four or fivec. six or sevend. eight or more