The correct entry to close the income summary account in a corporation when it has a debit balance of $33,000 is: Debit Retained earnings $33,000; credit Income Summary $33,000.
The income summary account is used to summarize the revenues and expenses for a given accounting period. After preparing and posting the closing entries for revenues and expenses, the income summary account should ideally have a zero balance. However, in this case, the income summary account has a debit balance of $33,000.
To close the income summary account, we need to transfer the net income (or net loss) to the appropriate equity account. In a corporation, the retained earnings account represents the accumulated earnings of the company. Since the income summary account has a debit balance, it indicates that there is net income. Therefore, we debit the retained earnings account to increase it by the amount of net income ($33,000) and credit the income summary account to reduce its balance to zero.
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Project Time Management is a process needed to: o Ensure timely completion of project. o None of the above. O Track time taken for each activity. o Bill the client for each hour of work done.
Project Time Management is a process needed to ensure timely completion of a project.
How does Project Time Management ensure timely project completion?Project Time Management is a crucial process within project management that involves planning, monitoring, and controlling the time-related aspects of a project to ensure its timely completion. It encompasses various activities, such as defining project activities, estimating the time required for each activity, creating a project schedule, and tracking progress against the schedule.
By implementing effective Project Time Management, project managers can identify potential delays or bottlenecks early on, enabling them to take proactive measures to address them and keep the project on track. This process allows for better resource allocation, scheduling of activities, and coordination among team members, leading to improved project efficiency and timely completion. Furthermore, it helps in identifying critical activities and their dependencies, facilitating effective decision-making and risk management.
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Module Learning Outcomes The following LOs are achieved by the student by completing the assignment successfully 1. Demonstrate the impact of the environment on marketing decisions and analyses and apply marketing concepts and techniques effectively. 2. Demonstrate knowledge of the concepts and methods of market segmentation, targeting and positioning. 3. Demonstrate understanding and application of the marketing mix. Assignment Objective The objective of the assignment is to demonstrate an in-depth understanding of the structural and procedural components of marketing decision making and how it is undertaken in a comprehensive manner. The assignment is to demonstrate an in-depth understanding of the structural components of strategic marketing analysis and how it is undertaken in a comprehensive manner. Assignment Tasks The assignment is divided into 4 specific tasks. The students should focus on the guidelines appropriate for the assignment along-with its deliverables and the marking rubrics to produce a well thought out report. Assignment Title: "Making Marketing Decision and Strategic Marketing Analysis"
By successfully completing this assignment, students will demonstrate their ability to apply marketing concepts and techniques effectively and show expertise in strategic marketing analysis and decision making.
The Module Learning Outcomes for the assignment "Making Marketing Decision and Strategic Marketing Analysis" are explained. These outcomes include demonstrating an understanding of the impact of the environment on marketing decisions and analyses, knowledge of market segmentation, targeting, and positioning concepts and methods, and understanding and application of the marketing mix. The objective of the assignment is to showcase a deep understanding of the structural and procedural components of marketing decision making in a comprehensive manner. The assignment is divided into four specific tasks, and students should focus on the guidelines and deliverables to produce a well thought out report.
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For many years, the Funch Gum company sold product that it
called "Aspargum, " a low-calorie gum made from asparagus and other
ingredients. Although Aspargum never enjoyed great success in the
market,
For many years, the Funch Gum company sold product that it called "Aspargum," a low-calorie gum made from asparagus and other ingredients.
Although Aspargum never enjoyed great success in the market, the company continued to market it for a long time.To clarify, Aspargum is a low-calorie chewing gum produced by Funch Gum Company. The gum was made up of asparagus and other ingredients, according to the question statement. However, despite the fact that it was created with low calorie and healthy ingredients, Aspargum did not have much success in the market. Despite this, the business continued to sell it for many years.
Given that the Aspargum product didn't have great market success, the Funch Gum company continued to sell it. It's not clear if the company is still producing the Aspargum chewing gum product, but the statement suggests that it was sold for many years.
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In explaining the behavior of which type of firms is structure
conduct performance approach relatively more useful? Partnerships
or professionally managed corporations? Justify your answer.
The structure conduct performance (SCP) approach is relatively more useful in explaining the behavior of professionally managed corporations rather than partnerships.
Professionally managed corporations are characterized by a clear separation between ownership and management. They are typically larger in scale and have a hierarchical organizational structure with specialized departments and professional managers overseeing day-to-day operations. In such corporations, decision-making processes are often guided by managerial discretion and strategic planning.
The SCP approach analyzes how the market structure (e.g., concentration, entry barriers), conduct (e.g., pricing strategies, advertising), and performance (e.g., profitability, market share) of firms interact with each other. It emphasizes the influence of market structure on the conduct and performance of firms.
Professionally managed corporations, operating in competitive markets or under different market conditions, are more likely to be affected by changes in market structure. These firms often engage in strategic behavior such as pricing, product differentiation, or market entry, which can have significant implications for their performance and market outcomes. Therefore, the SCP approach provides valuable insights into the behavior and performance of professionally managed corporations and helps explain the dynamics of their market interactions.
On the other hand, partnerships usually involve a smaller number of owners who are actively involved in the day-to-day operations. Decision-making processes are often more informal and collaborative, with less emphasis on strategic planning and complex managerial structures. As a result, the SCP approach may have limited applicability in analyzing the behavior of partnerships since their conduct and performance may be influenced by factors other than market structure.
In summary, the SCP approach is relatively more useful in explaining the of professionally managed corporations due to their market structure, strategic decision-making, and potential impact on market performance.
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You are a part of a Hotel Marketing team & need to attract relevant target audience. How would you do so; considering the Societal Marketing Orientation?
As a part of a Hotel Marketing team, to attract the relevant target audience, one would need to consider Societal Marketing Orientation. Societal Marketing Orientation involves balancing the organization's profits, consumer wants, and society's long-term interests to determine the firm's marketing strategy.
What is Societal Marketing Orientation?Societal Marketing Orientation is an approach that focuses on the needs of society as a whole and the welfare of consumers. A company adopting this strategy must meet its target audience's needs while also protecting the society's long-term interests. Societal Marketing Orientation is a more ethical and socially responsible approach that focuses on long-term relationships with customers to satisfy their needs and society's welfare.What can a Hotel Marketing Team do to attract relevant target audience?The Hotel Marketing Team can consider Societal Marketing Orientation and adopt the following measures to attract relevant target audience:1. Offer personalized services to customers by creating a customer-centric approach that understands the customer's needs and wants to deliver a unique experience that they will appreciate.2. Conduct a market research to identify the social issues and what people care about, and then develop a marketing strategy that responds to those issues. For example, if the hotel is located in an area that is vulnerable to environmental damage, the hotel may launch a program to reduce its carbon footprint.3. Develop a comprehensive social media strategy that highlights the hotel's ethical and socially responsible practices. The hotel can use social media platforms to communicate its programs, policies, and services that align with societal welfare.4. Develop partnerships with community organizations and social enterprises to support social causes and promote the hotel's brand as socially responsible. For example, a hotel can partner with a local NGO that works towards improving the environment to reduce waste or use of plastic in the hotel.5. Train staff on the importance of social responsibility and provide resources that enable them to make ethical decisions. The Hotel Marketing team should ensure that the hotel employees share the same social values and ethos as the hotel to promote a culture of social responsibility.Conclusively, by adopting Societal Marketing Orientation, the Hotel Marketing Team can attract relevant target audience, build long-term relationships, and contribute to society's welfare.
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Accounting 301- Homework #1 Due on Sunday, May 29, before midnight. Dear students, Please hand write and submit a scanned copy or a picture of your homework in D2L under "Assignments" tab. Do not email me your homework. Do not type your homework. Let me know if you have any questions.
The East Company manufactures several different products. Unit costs associated with Product ORD203 are as follows:
Direct materials $50
Direct manufacturing labor 8
Variable manufacturing overhead 10
Fixed manufacturing overhead 23
Sales commissions (2% of sales) 5
Administrative salaries 9
Total $105
1) Calculate the following: a- Direct manufacturing cost per unit
b- Indirect(overhead) manufacturing cost per unit
c- Conversion cost per unit
d- Prime cost per unit
e- Period cost per unit
f- Variable manufacturing cost per unit
g- Fixed manufacturing cost per unit
h- Non-manufacturing cost per unit
2) Axle and Wheel Manufacturing currently produces 1,000 axles per month. The following per unit data apply for sales to regular customers:
Direct materials $200
Direct manufacturing labor 30
Variable manufacturing overhead 60
Fixed manufacturing overhead 40
Total manufacturing costs $330
The plant has capacity for 2,000 axles.
Required: a. What is the total cost of producing 1,000 axles?
b. What is the total cost of producing 1,500 axles?
c. What is the per unit cost when producing 1,500 axles?
3) Stark Manufacturing Company had the following account balances for the 2021.
Revenue $3,000,000
Work-in-process inventory (January 1) 140,400
Work-in-process inventory (December 31) 171,000
Finished goods inventory (January 1) 540,000
Finished goods inventory (December 31) 510,000
Direct materials inventory (January 1) 10,000
Direct materials inventory (December 31) 32,000
Direct materials purchase 400,000
Indirect materials used 84,000
Direct manufacturing labor 480,000
Indirect manufacturing labor 186,000
Property taxes on manufacturing plant building 28,800
Salespersons' company vehicle costs 12,000
Depreciation of manufacturing equipment 264,000
Depreciation of office equipment 123,600
Miscellaneous plant overhead 135,000
Plant utilities 92,400
General office expenses 305,400
Marketing distribution costs 30,000
Required: Calculate the following: a. Cost of direct materials used
b- Cost of goods manufactured
c- Cost of goods sold
d- Gross margin
f-Operating income
4) Wayne Manufacturing Company had the following information for the 2021.
Selling price $30
Direct materials cost per unit 4
Indirect materials cost per unit 3.20
Direct manufacturing labor per unit 4.8
Indirect manufacturing labor cost per unit 2
Salespersons' company vehicle costs per unit 1.65
Annual property taxes on manufacturing plant building 28,000
Annual Depreciation of manufacturing equipment 264,000
Annual Depreciation of office equipment 118,000
Miscellaneous plant overhead per unit 1.35
Plant utilities per unit .92
General office expenses per unit 1.08
Annual Marketing costs 30,000
Tax rate 30%
Calculate the following: a- Contribution margin per unit
b- Contribution margin percentage
c- How many units does Wayne Company have to sell to break even?
d- How many units does Wayne Company have to sell to make operating income of $55,000?
e- How many units does Wayne Company have to sell to make operating income of $46,200?
f- Calculate the operating leverage when expected sale is 60,000 units.
g- Calculate the margin of safety in units if expected sale is 70,000 units.
The direct manufacturing cost per unit when direct manufacturing labor is 8 is calculated as $ 58.
Manufacturing cost is the amount of expenses of all assets consumed during the time spent making an item. There are three categories of manufacturing costs: direct costs for materials, direct costs for labor, and manufacturing overhead It is a consider all out conveyance cost.
Direct manufacturing cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct manufacturing labor
= 50+8 = $58
Part B
Indirect(overhead) manufacturing cost per unit = Variable manufacturing overhead + fixed manufacturing overhead
= 10+23 = $33
Part C
Conversion cost per unit = Direct manufacturing labor + Indirect(overhead) manufacturing cost per unit
= 8+33 = $41
Part D: prime cost per unit = direct materials +Direct manufacturing labor
= 50+8 = $58
Part E : period cost per unit = Sales commissions+Administrative salaries
= 5+9 = $14
Where are the costs of manufacturing?Normally, producing costs are introduced in the pay articulation as discrete details. As a matter of fact, when you are representing stock, you should try to incorporate all assembling costs in the expenses of work-in-process stock and completed merchandise stock.
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Last year Anthony Fauci Ltd. introduced a new product and sold 25,900 units of it at a price of $96 per unit. The product's variable expenses are $66 per unit and its fixed expenses are $836,700 per year. Required: 1. What was this product's net operating income (loss) last year? 2. What is the product's break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales? 3. Assume the company has conducted a marketing study that estimates it can increase annual sales of this product by 5,000 units for each $2 reduction in its selling price. If the company will only consider price reductions in increments of $2 (e.g. $68, $66, etc.), what is the maximum annual profit that it can earn on this product? What sales volume and selling price per unit generate the maximum profit? 4. What would be the break-even point in unit sales and irȚdollar sales using the selling price that you determined in requirement 3? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Required 4 Assume the company has conducted a marketing study that estimates it can increase annual sales of this product by 5,000 units for each $2 reduction in its selling price. If the company will only consider price reductions in increments of $2 (e.g., $68, $66, etc.), what is the maximum annual profit that it can earn on this product? What sales volume and selling price per unit generate the maximum profit? Show less A Maximum annual profit Number of units Calinn eine nerini
To calculate the net operating income (loss) for Anthony Fauci Ltd. last year, we need to subtract the total expenses from the total revenue.
The total revenue can be calculated by multiplying the number of units sold (25,900) by the selling price per unit ($96). The total variable expenses can be calculated by multiplying the number of units sold by the variable expenses per unit ($66). The fixed expenses are given as $836,700. The break-even point can be calculated by dividing the fixed expenses by the contribution margin per unit. The contribution margin per unit is the difference between the selling price per unit and the variable expenses per unit. In this case, the contribution margin per unit is $96 - $66 = $30. The break-even point in unit sales is obtained by dividing the fixed expenses ($836,700) by the contribution margin per unit ($30). To calculate the break-even point in dollar sales, we multiply the break-even point in unit sales by the selling price per unit ($96).
To determine the maximum annual profit, we need to analyze the relationship between sales volume, selling price per unit, and the associated cost structure. According to the marketing study, for each $2 reduction in selling price, sales volume can increase by 5,000 units. By systematically reducing the selling price in $2 increments, we can identify the price point that generates the maximum profit. To calculate the maximum annual profit, we subtract the total expenses (fixed and variable) from the total revenue at the optimal sales volume and selling price per unit. Using the selling price per unit determined in Part 3, we can recalculate the break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales by dividing the fixed expenses by the contribution margin per unit. The contribution margin per unit remains the same ($30) regardless of the selling price per unit. This calculation will provide the new break-even point based on the revised selling price.
Please note that without specific values for the selling price reductions and associated sales volume, it is not possible to provide numerical answers to the questions.
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Pursuant to the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act, corporations are taxed at what rate? O 22% O 35% Corporations are entitled to deduct up to 20% of qualified income O 15% 20% 21% The rate at which shareholders pay personal income taxes
Pursuant to the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act, the corporate tax rate is 21%. The Act reduced the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for tax years starting on or after January 1, 2018.
This change in the tax rate was a significant provision of the legislation aimed at reducing the tax burden on corporations and promoting economic growth. It is important to note that the 21% rate applies to the taxable income of corporations and not to the personal income taxes of shareholders.
The personal income tax rates that shareholders pay on dividends or capital gains may vary depending on their individual tax bracket and the nature of the income.
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Marketing researchers shy away from overreliance on an one
method for marketing. Thev
also recognize the value of using two or three methods to
increase confidence in the results. In
determining the d
In determining the effectiveness of marketing strategies or gathering market research data, marketing researchers avoid relying solely on one method. Instead, they recognize the value of using two or three different methods to increase confidence in the results.
By utilizing multiple methods, researchers can validate and cross-reference the findings obtained from each method, reducing the potential biases and limitations associated with any single method. This approach helps to ensure that the data collected is more comprehensive, accurate, and reliable.
For example, a marketing researcher may combine qualitative methods such as focus groups or interviews with quantitative methods like surveys or data analysis. By triangulating data from different sources and perspectives, researchers can gain a more well-rounded understanding of consumer behavior, market trends, and the effectiveness of marketing strategies.
Overall, the use of multiple methods in marketing research helps to enhance the validity and reliability of the findings, providing a more robust basis for decision-making and strategy development.
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QUESTION 4 One method of investment decision making that is appealing to managers is the accounting rate of return (ARR). This method measures the average profit over a period as a percentage of the average..... Onet cash inflow O investment. OO net cash flow. opportunity cost. 1 pol
The accounting rate of return (ARR) is a method of investment decision making that measures the average profit over a period as a percentage of the average investment.
ARR calculates the return on investment based on accounting information and is appealing to managers due to its simplicity and familiarity.
The accounting rate of return (ARR) is calculated by dividing the average annual profit generated by an investment by the average investment cost. It is expressed as a percentage and provides a straightforward way for managers to assess the profitability of an investment. ARR focuses on accounting figures, such as net income or operating profit, and does not consider the time value of money or cash flow timing. This simplicity makes ARR an attractive method for decision making, especially for managers who are more comfortable with financial statements and accounting concepts.
However, ARR has limitations. It fails to account for the time value of money, as it ignores the timing of cash flows. Additionally, it does not consider the opportunity cost of capital, which is the return that could have been earned if the investment was used in an alternative project or investment. ARR also relies on accounting figures, which can be manipulated or influenced by accounting policies. Despite these limitations, ARR can still be a useful tool for managers in assessing investment opportunities, especially when combined with other methods and considerations.
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Zortek Corp. budgets production of 480 units in January and 280 units in February. Each finished unit requires one pounds of raw material Z, which costs $3 per pound. Each month's ending inventory of raw materials should be 30% of the following month's budgeted production. The January 1 raw materials inventory has 130 pounds of Z. Prepare a direct materials budget for January. ZORTEK CORP. Direct Materials Budget For Month Ended January 31 Budget production (units). units lbs Matenals needed for production (lbs) lbs lbs Total materials requirements (lbs) lbs. lbs Materials to be purchased (lbs) lbs per ib Total cost of direct materials purchases
Zortek Corp. plans to produce 480 units in January, requiring 480 pounds of raw material Z, with a total cost of $1,440.
To prepare the direct materials budget for January, we need to calculate the materials needed for production and the materials to be purchased. Since each finished unit requires one pound of raw material Z, the total materials needed for production in January would be 480 pounds (480 units * 1 pound/unit).
To determine the materials to be purchased, we need to consider the ending inventory of raw materials. The ending inventory for January should be 30% of the following month's budgeted production, which is February's production of 280 units. Therefore, the ending inventory for January should be 30% of 280 units, which is 84 units (280 units * 0.3).
Since each unit requires one pound of raw material Z, the ending inventory for January would be 84 pounds. To calculate the materials to be purchased, we subtract the ending inventory from the total materials needed for production. In this case, it would be 480 pounds - 84 pounds, which equals 396 pounds (materials to be purchased).
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Select ONE of the following factors that influences GDP. Outline
the various ways that this factor does influence GDP. Select one
country (economy). Describe the characteristics of the selected
factor
Factor: Government Expenditure. Government expenditure is a significant factor that influences GDP in an economy. It refers to the spending by the government on goods, services, and infrastructure projects. The government plays a crucial role in stimulating economic activity and promoting growth through its expenditure.
Selected Country: United States of America
Characteristics of Government Expenditure in the United States:
1. Public Infrastructure: The US government invests in the development and maintenance of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, airports, and public transportation systems. This expenditure creates job opportunities and contributes to economic growth by enhancing productivity and connectivity.
2. Defense Spending: The United States has one of the largest defense budgets globally. Government expenditure on defense includes military personnel, equipment, research, and development. Defense spending has a direct impact on GDP through government contracts, job creation, and technological advancements.
3. Social Welfare Programs: The US government allocates a significant portion of its expenditure to social welfare programs such as healthcare, education, and social security. These programs not only provide essential services to the population but also contribute to GDP growth by improving human capital and productivity.
4. Government Salaries and Administration: The government employs a large number of workers across various departments and agencies. Expenditure on salaries, benefits, and administrative functions adds to the overall GDP as it represents income generated by government employees, which is subsequently spent in the economy.
5. Research and Development: Government expenditure on research and development (R&D) initiatives supports innovation, scientific advancements, and technological progress. This investment fosters economic growth by improving productivity, competitiveness, and creating new industries and job opportunities.
6. Stimulus Packages: During economic downturns or crises, the government may implement stimulus packages, which involve increased spending to boost economic activity. This includes infrastructure projects, tax incentives, and subsidies, all of which have a direct impact on GDP by increasing aggregate demand and stimulating economic growth.
In summary, government expenditure in the United States influences GDP through investment in public infrastructure, defense spending, social welfare programs, government salaries and administration, research and development initiatives, and stimulus packages. These expenditures contribute to economic growth, job creation, human capital development, and technological advancements, making government expenditure a significant factor in shaping the overall GDP of the country.
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You will summarize a theory of alfred marshal briefly explain the
contribution to the study of economics he has made and the impact
to society or academic understanding.
You must cite your sources in
Alfred Marshall, a prominent economist, is known for his contribution to the study of economics through his theory of supply and demand. His theory emphasized the role of both supply and demand in determining equilibrium prices and quantities in markets. Marshall's work had a significant impact on academic understanding by providing a framework for analyzing market behavior and price determination. It also influenced policy-making and shaped economic thinking, contributing to the development of modern microeconomic theory.
Alfred Marshall's most notable contribution to the study of economics is his theory of supply and demand, which he presented in his influential book "Principles of Economics" published in 1890. Marshall's theory built upon the classical economic theories of Adam Smith and David Ricardo and added new insights.
Marshall's theory emphasized the interplay between supply and demand in determining prices and quantities in markets. He introduced the concept of price elasticity of demand, which measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. Marshall argued that market equilibrium occurs when supply and demand are in balance, leading to the determination of an equilibrium price and quantity.
Marshall's work had a profound impact on both academic understanding and real-world application. His theory provided a comprehensive framework for analyzing market behavior, price determination, and the allocation of resources. It contributed to the development of modern microeconomic theory and influenced subsequent economists, such as John Maynard Keynes.
In terms of societal impact, Marshall's work influenced policy-making and economic thinking. His emphasis on market equilibrium and the interplay between supply and demand guided policymakers in understanding the dynamics of markets and making informed decisions. Marshall's theory also helped economists and policymakers recognize the importance of market forces in allocating resources efficiently and promoting overall economic welfare.
Alfred Marshall's theory of supply and demand made a significant contribution to the study of economics. His emphasis on market equilibrium, price determination, and the interplay between supply and demand shaped academic understanding and influenced economic thinking. Marshall's work provided a framework for analyzing market behavior, allocating resources, and guiding policy-making. His contributions have had a lasting impact on the field of economics and continue to be studied and applied in modern economic theory and practice.
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Byron Ltd required additional equity funding and decided to issue a renounceable rights offer. To reduce the risks associated with the rights issue, Byron Ltd appointed an underwriter. Byron Ltd sent out details of the rights issue to existing shareholders on 1 July 2023 and offered existing shareholders the right to acquire an additional share in Byron Ltd for $3.00 per share. The shares were to be fully paid on application and all applications had to be received by 10 September 2023. The total shares on offer through the rights issue were 15 million. By 10 September 2023 applications had been received for 13 million shares, meaning that the underwriter was responsible for acquiring the remaining 2 million shares. The shares were issued on 17 September 2023, with this also being the date on which amounts due from the underwriter were received.
REQUIRED
Provide the journal entries to account for the Byron Ltd rights issue.
To account for the Byron Ltd rights issue, the following journal entries would be recorded:
On July 1, 2023, when details of the rights issue were sent to existing shareholders:
Dr. Share Capital (Rights Issue) 45,000,000 (15,000,000 shares x $3.00 per share)
Cr. Share Rights Reserve 45,000,000
This entry records the increase in share capital due to the issuance of rights shares and establishes a corresponding share rights reserve.
On September 10, 2023, when applications for 13 million shares were received:
Dr. Bank (Amount received from shareholders)
Cr. Share Capital (Rights Issue) (Amount related to 13,000,000 shares)
Cr. Share Rights Reserve (Amount related to 13,000,000 shares)
This entry records the receipt of funds from shareholders in exchange for the rights shares applied for, and it reduces the share capital and share rights reserve accordingly.
On September 17, 2023, when the remaining 2 million shares were acquired by the underwriter:
Dr. Bank (Amount received from underwriter)
Cr. Share Capital (Rights Issue) (Amount related to 2,000,000 shares)
Cr. Share Rights Reserve (Amount related to 2,000,000 shares)
This entry records the receipt of funds from the underwriter for the shares not taken up by shareholders, and it increases the share capital and share rights reserve accordingly.
Please note that the specific amounts related to the shares and the underwriter should be provided to complete the journal entries accurately.
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h) MRPII systems are different to basic MRP systems. Explain the primary difference and why it is important. [20%]
The primary difference between MRPII (Manufacturing Resource Planning) and basic MRP (Material Requirements Planning) systems is that MRPII integrates additional functional areas like finance and capacity planning, whereas basic MRP focuses solely on material requirements.
MRPII systems go beyond material planning and incorporate modules for financial planning, human resource management, and capacity planning. This integration allows organizations to consider various factors, such as financial constraints, labor availability, and production capacity, when making planning and scheduling decisions. By encompassing multiple functional areas, MRPII systems provide a more comprehensive and accurate picture of the organization's resources and enable better coordination and optimization of operations. This integration is important as it helps organizations make informed decisions, improve resource utilization, and enhance overall operational efficiency.
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Problem 4-25 Sales Mix; Multi-Product Break-Even Analysis; Target Profit; Margin of Safety [LOG, L07, LO9] Warm Hands, a small company based in Prince Edward Island, manufactures and sells two types of lightweight gloves for runners- Warm and Cozy. Current revenue, cost, and unit sales data for the two products appear below. Karm Cory Selling price per pair Variable expenses per pair Number of pairs sold monthly $5.00 $ 1.25 $7.50 $ 3.75 2,700 units 900 units Fixed expenses are $3,240 per month. Required: 1. Assuming the sales mix above, do the following: a. Prepare a contribution format income statement showing both dollars and percentage columns for each product and for the company as a whole. (Round percentage answers to 2 decimal places.) WARM HANDS Contribution Income Statement Warm Total % 100.00 $ Sales $ 2,700 900 Variable expenses Contribution margin $ 2,700 100.00 $ 900 Fixed expenses Operating income Cozy < Prev % 100.00 $3,600 100.00 3,600 $ 3,600 2 of 3 % 100.00 100.00 Next > Operating income $ 3,600 b. Compute the break-even point in sales dollars for the company as a whole and the margin of safety in both dollars and percentage of sales. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round percentage answer to 2 decimal places.) Break-even sales dollars Margin of safety in dollars Margin of safety in percentage % c. Compute the break-even point in units for the company as a whole and the margin of safety in both units (pairs of gloves) and percentage of sales. (Round percentage answer to 2 decimal places.) Break-even units < Prev 2 of 3 Next > c. Compute the break-even point in units for the company as a whole and the margin of safety in both units (pairs of gloves) and percentage of sales. (Round percentage answer to 2 decimal places.) Break-even units Margin of safety in units Margin of safety in percentage % d. Compute how many pairs of gloves must be sold overall if the company wants to make an after-tax target profit of $5,250 and the tax rate is 30%. Assume that the sales mix remains the same as shown above. Saios in units < Prev 2 of 3 Next > ⠀⠀ Saved Help a. Compute now many pairs or gioves must be soro overal in the company wants to make an aner-tax target promo1 30,200 and the tax rate is 30%. Assume that the sales mix remains the same as shown above. Sales in unit 2. The company has developed another type of gloves that provide better protection in extreme cold, Toasty, which the company plans to sell for $15.50 per pair. At this price, the company expects to sell 900 pairs per month of the product. The variable expense would be $12.40 per pair. The company's fixed expenses would not change. a. Prepare another contribution format income statement, including sales of Toasty (sales of the other two products would not change). (Round percentage answers to 2 decimal places.) WARM HANDS Contribution Income Statement Cory Warm Toasty Total % % 0 $ 0 $ 0 0 0.00 $ h Camning the enmanife now hrast mun naint in color dellore for the comman < Prev 2 of 3 0.00 $ % 0.00 0 $ 0 sewhala and the now marnin of esfahr in hoth Next > Save & Exit Submit Saved 0 0.00 Help $ 0 0 $ 0 0.00 $ 0 0.00 $ S 0 b. Compute the company's new break-even point in sales dollars for the company as a whole and the new margin of safety in both dollars and percentage of sales. (Round your break-even sales to the nearest whole dollar amount and percentage answer to 2 decimal places.) Break-even sales dollars Margin of safety in dollars Margin of safety in percentage
The new break-even point is $6,191 and the margin of safety percentage is 80.63%.
Contribution format income statement is as follows: WARM HANDS Contribution Income Statement Warm Cozy Total % % % Sales $13,500 $4,500 $18,000 75.00 25.00 100.00 Variable expenses 3,825 1,125 4,950 77.27 25.00 73.33 Contribution margin $9,675 $3,375 $13,050 72.00 75.00 72.50 Fixed expenses 3,240 Operating income $9,810 2, Compute the break-even point in sales dollars for the company as a whole and the margin of safety in both dollars and percentage of sales as follows: Break-even sales = Fixed cost / Contribution margin ratio= 3240/0.72= $4,500Margin of safety in dollars = Actual sales - Break-even sales= $18,000 - $4,500= $13,500Margin of safety percentage = Margin of safety in dollars / Actual sales= $13,500 / $18,000= 75% 1.c. Compute the break-even point in units for the company as a whole and the margin of safety in both units (pairs of gloves) and percentage of sales. Break-even point for the company as a whole = Break-even sales / Sales mix ratio= 4,500 / 0.75= 6,000 units Margin of safety in units = Actual units sold - Break-even point= 3,600 units - 6,000 units= -2,400 units Margin of safety percentage = Margin of safety in units / Actual units sold= -2,400 units / 3,600 units= -66.67% (i.e. sales are not enough to cover the break-even point)1.d.
To compute the pairs of gloves to be sold overall, we will use the formula: P= F + (T / (1 - T)) * (V - VC - F) where, P = Pairs of gloves to be sold overall F = Fixed cost T = Target profit rate V = Sales VC = Variable cost (per pair)Sales mix ratio for Warm is 3:1 and for Cozy is 1:1Therefore, Sales mix ratio for the company as a whole= (3/4) * (2700) + (1/4) * (900)= 2,550 + 225= 2,775 pairs VC = ($1.25 + $3.75) / 2 = $2.50T = $5,250 / (1 - 0.30) = $7,500P = $3,240 + ($7,500 / (1 - 0.30)) * (2,775 * $5.00 - 2,775 * $2.50 - $3,240)= 3,240 + (7,500 / 0.70) * (13,875 - 6,937.5 - 6,937.5)= 3,240 + 107,142.85= 110,383 pairs 2.a. The contribution format income statement for Warm Hands with Toasty is as follows: WARM HANDS Contribution Income Statement Warm Cozy Toasty Total % % % % Sales $13,500 $4,500 $13,950 $31,950 42.26 14.06 43.68 100.00 Variable expenses 3,825 1,125 10,260 15,210 27.50 8.04 73.53 47.67 Contribution margin $9,675 $3,375 $3,690 $16,740 57.74 75.00 26.47 52.33 Fixed expenses 3,240 Operating income $13,500 b. The new break-even point for the company as a whole and the new margin of safety in both dollars and percentage of sales is computed as follows: Break-even sales = Fixed cost / Contribution margin ratio= 3240/0.5233= $6,191Margin of safety in dollars = Actual sales - Break-even sales= $31,950 - $6,191= $25,759Margin of safety percentage = Margin of safety in dollars / Actual sales= $25,759 / $31,950= 80.63%.
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When MPC = 0.5 and change in spending=$1.2 trillion, what is the
change in Y/GDP?
When MPC = 0.5 and change in spending=$1.2 trillion, the change in Y/GDP is $2.4 trillion.
The change in Y/GDP (ΔY) is given by the formula:ΔY = ΔSpending / (1-MPC)Where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume, which is 0.5 in this case.ΔSpending is the change in autonomous spending. It is given as $1.2 trillion in the question. Therefore:ΔY = $1.2 trillion / (1 - 0.5)ΔY = $1.2 trillion / 0.5ΔY = $2.4 trillionTherefore, the change in Y/GDP is $2.4 trillion when MPC = 0.5 and the change in spending is $1.2 trillion.
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1. Working capital is represented by:
Group of answer choices
Net patient receivables
Levels of inventory, cash, and accounts receivable on the books at any point in time, net of any current liabilities that will consume cash
Fixed assets, net of depreciation
Net assets minus long term liabilities
The correct answer is:
Levels of inventory, cash, and accounts receivable on the books at any point in time, net of any current liabilities that will consume cash.
Working capital represents the short-term financial resources available to a company for its day-to-day operations. It is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. Current assets include cash, inventory, and accounts receivable, which are assets that are expected to be converted into cash within a year. Current liabilities are the obligations that are due within a year.
Working capital is a measure of a company's liquidity and its ability to meet short-term obligations. It is essential for covering operating expenses, managing inventory, and ensuring smooth cash flow.
The other options listed in the question are not accurate representations of working capital. Net patient receivables, fixed assets (net of depreciation), and net assets minus long-term liabilities are not specifically related to working capital calculations.
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Identify three CIOs. Research their academic and experience
background. Share ( in the discussion) common attributes of their
backgrounds. Are they hardware people? Software? Math?
A Chief Information Officer (CIO) is the head of the information technology (IT) department of an organization and manages the IT systems to provide support for the organization's goals. Here are three CIOs, their academic, and experience backgrounds, and common attributes of their backgrounds:1
Kim HammondsKim Hammonds was formerly the CIO of Deutsche Bank. She has a degree in computer science from Sussex University, and a Master's in business administration from Manchester Business School. Hammonds has worked with Ford, Boeing, and Dell before working with Deutsche Bank. She is known for her skills in digitalization and transformation of IT organizations.2. Cynthia StoddardCynthia Stoddard is the CIO of Adobe. She has a degree in mathematics from the University of Alabama and has an MBA from the University of Massachusetts. Stoddard's expertise is in software and technology, and she has worked for Raytheon, Oracle, and IBM. Stoddard is known for her leadership skills and driving innovation in technology.3. Martha PoulterMartha Poulter is the CIO of Royal Caribbean Cruises. She has a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from The College of William and Mary and has an MBA from the University of Virginia. Poulter has worked with General Electric, Starwood Hotels and Resorts, and Delta Air Lines. Her expertise is in digital transformation, cybersecurity, and leading complex IT organizations.Common Attributes of their BackgroundsAll three CIOs have degrees in technical subjects, such as computer science and mathematics. All three of them have also done an MBA, which is relevant for CIOs as it helps them to bridge the gap between technology and business. They all have experience working with technology and IT organizations, with varying levels of expertise in hardware, software, and digital transformation. In conclusion, all the three CIOs have a strong technical background, and they have experience in leading complex IT organizations, innovation, and digital transformation.
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. Fenchurch Corp. uses the direct write-off method to account for bad debts. What are the effects on the accounting equation of the entry to record the write-off of a customer's account balance?
a. Assets and liabilities decrease.
b. Assets and owners’ equity decrease.
c. Owners’ equity decrease and liabilities increase.
d. No effect; assets increase and decrease by the same amount.
Assets and liabilities decrease are the effects on the accounting equation of the entry to record the write-off of a customer's account balance
When a customer's account balance is written off using the direct write-off method, the specific customer's accounts receivable (an asset) is reduced, resulting in a decrease in assets. At the same time, there is no corresponding reduction in the company's liabilities. Therefore, the effect on the accounting equation is that both assets and liabilities decrease.
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(b) A Company depreciates its plant at the rate of 25 per cent per annum straight line method for each month of ownership. 2016 Bought plant costing K 2 600 000 on 1 January Bought plant costing K 2 1
The company purchased a plant for K 2,600,000 on January 1, 2016, and another plant for an unknown cost on December 1, 2016. Both plants are depreciated using the straight-line method at a rate of 25% per annum for each month of ownership.
The first plant, purchased on January 1, 2016, had a cost of K 2,600,000. To calculate the depreciation, we need to determine the depreciation rate per month. Since the depreciation is done at a rate of 25% per annum, we can divide this by 12 to get the monthly depreciation rate, which is approximately 2.08%. Assuming the company owns the plant for the entire year of 2016, the plant would be depreciated by 2.08% for each of the 12 months, resulting in a total depreciation expense of approximately K 54,080 for the year.
Regarding the second plant purchased on December 1, 2016, the cost is not provided. Without the cost of the plant, it is not possible to calculate the depreciation expense accurately. However, we can assume that the depreciation for this plant would be calculated in a similar manner as the first plant. Using the same 2.08% monthly depreciation rate, the company would depreciate the second plant based on the number of months it was owned in 2016.
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who has the highest claim on a corporation's assets in the event of bankruptcy?
In the event of bankruptcy, secured creditors, such as lenders with collateral or bondholders with particular claims on assets, often hold the highest claim on the assets of a firm for the corporation.
Assets from a bankrupt corporation are utilized to pay off the debts owed to various stakeholders. Secured creditors often receive the greatest priority when it comes to claims on the assets of the corporation since they hold collateral or have particular claims on assets. To recoup their investment, these creditors have the legal authority to take and sell the assets or collateral used to secure their loans or bonds.
Banks, financial organizations, or bondholders who have made loans or bought bonds with specified collateral attached are frequent examples of secured creditors. For instance, if a business had a loan secured by its property or machinery, the lender would have the first claim to those particular assets. Similar priorities would apply to bondholders holding bonds backed by particular assets.
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Suppose that the share of GDP paid to capital was always equal to 25% and the remaining 75% was going to labor. That is, Y₁ = A₂K0.25L0.75, where At is total factor productivity. If, over the course of 20 years, the capital stock had been growing at 2% per year, the labor force had been growing at 3% per year, and GDP had been climbing at a 3% per year, then total factor productivity must have been (a) growing at 7% per year. (b) growing at 5% per year. (c) growing at 0.25% per year. (d) falling at 5% per year. (e) falling at 0.75% per year.
The correct option is (b) growing at 5% per year. Total factor productivity (TFP) must have been growing at 2% per year.
Given that the share of GDP paid to capital was always equal to 25% and the remaining 75% was going to labor, we can write Y₁ = A₂K⁰.²⁵L⁰.⁷⁵, where At is total factor productivity.
For twenty years, the capital stock had been growing at 2% per year, the labor force had been growing at 3% per year, and GDP had been climbing at 3% per year.
The equation above can be rewritten as
Y₁ = A₂K⁰.²⁵(L₀×1.03)⁰.⁷⁵(K₀×1.02)⁰.²⁵.
Substituting the value of Y₁ by GDP,
we get GDP = A₂K⁰.²⁵(L₀×1.03)⁰.⁷⁵(K₀×1.02)⁰.²⁵.
Dividing both sides of the equation by K₀⁰.²⁵L₀⁰.⁷⁵,
we get: (GDP / K₀⁰.²⁵L₀⁰.⁷⁵) = A₂(K₀×1.02)⁰.²⁵(L₀×1.03)⁰.⁷⁵ / K₀⁰.²⁵L₀⁰.⁷⁵
= A₂(1.02)⁰.²⁵(1.03)⁰.⁷⁵. GDP/K₀⁰.²⁵L₀⁰.⁷⁵
grows at 3% per year. Therefore, A₂ must be growing at 2% per year.
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3. The three companies in the following description all use the income state- ment method to estimate bad debts. For each, prepare the adjusting entry. (a) Company A: Net sales were $100 000. Bad debt
To prepare the adjusting entry for each company, we need additional information. The question got cut off after "Bad debt." Please provide the complete information or finish the sentence, and I'll be able to assist you further with the adjusting entries.
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"Explain these IT support activities
Software management:
Software installation :
User account manager :
Storage management :"
Software management: This activity involves the planning, deployment, and maintenance of software applications within an IT environment. It includes tasks such as evaluating software requirements, selecting appropriate software solutions, managing software licenses, and ensuring software compatibility and version control. Software management also encompasses activities like software updates, patches, and upgrades to enhance functionality, security, and performance.
Software installation: This activity focuses on the process of installing software applications on computers or devices within an IT infrastructure. It involves tasks such as preparing the system for installation, configuring installation settings, running the installation process, and verifying the successful installation of the software. Software installation may also involve customizing settings or options based on user requirements or organizational policies.
User account management: User account management involves creating, modifying, and maintaining user accounts within an IT system or network. It includes activities such as creating new user accounts, assigning appropriate access privileges and permissions, managing user authentication and passwords, and ensuring user accounts align with security protocols and user roles. User account management also encompasses tasks like account deactivation, password resets, and monitoring user activity for security and compliance purposes.
Storage management: Storage management pertains to the efficient and effective utilization of storage resources within an IT infrastructure. It involves activities such as provisioning storage space to users or applications, monitoring and optimizing storage performance, managing backups and data recovery processes, and implementing data storage policies and security measures. Storage management also includes tasks like capacity planning, data migration, and ensuring data integrity and availability.
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hat is the major difference between banking systems in the United States and Japan?
A.Bank holding companies are illegal in the United States.
B.Japanese banks are not allowed to hold substantial equity stakes in commercial firms, whereas American banks can.
C.American banks are not allowed to hold substantial equity stakes in commercial firms, whereas Japanese banks can.
D.Japanese banks are usually organized as bank holding companies.
The correct option is B. Major Differences between Banking Systems in the United States and Japan
Introduction:
The banking systems in different countries can vary significantly due to regulatory frameworks and cultural factors. In this response, we will compare the banking systems of the United States and Japan and highlight the major difference between them.
Answer:
The major difference between banking systems in the United States and Japan is as follows:
Japanese banks are not allowed to hold substantial equity stakes in commercial firms, whereas American banks can.
Explanation:
In Japan, banks are subject to strict regulations that prohibit them from holding significant equity stakes in commercial firms. The purpose of this regulation is to maintain a clear separation between banking and non-banking activities, ensuring the stability and integrity of the financial system. Japanese banks primarily focus on traditional banking activities such as lending, deposit-taking, and providing financial services.
On the other hand, American banks have more flexibility in holding substantial equity stakes in commercial firms. This is known as bank holding companies, where banks can establish subsidiaries or invest in other companies to diversify their operations and generate additional revenue streams. Bank holding companies allow American banks to engage in a broader range of financial activities beyond traditional banking, such as investment banking, insurance, and asset management.
It's important to note that while American banks have this flexibility, they are still subject to regulatory oversight to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Conclusion:
The major difference between the banking systems in the United States and Japan lies in the ability of banks to hold substantial equity stakes in commercial firms. Japanese banks are prohibited from doing so, while American banks have the option to establish bank holding companies and engage in a broader range of activities. These differences reflect the regulatory approaches and priorities of each country in balancing financial stability, economic growth, and consumer protection within their respective banking systems.
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Question 2: Bond valuation is more complicated than determining present value of simple future cash flows. Why? Provide an example of present value bond calculation when you are several years past the issuing of the bond. For example, it is the beginning of year 4 on a 10 year corporate bond. 100 words please
Bond valuation is more complicated than determining the present value of simple future cash flows because bondtypically involve periodic coupon payments and a final principal repayment at maturity.
The coupon payments represent a series of cash flows over the life of the bond, and the timing and amount of these payments can vary depending on the bond's terms. Additionally, the bond's value is influenced by market factors such as interest rates, credit risk, and the bond's specific features.
For example, let's consider a 10-year corporate bond that was issued four years ago. At the beginning of year 4, the bond has six years remaining until maturity. To calculate the present value of the bond, you would need to discount the remaining coupon payments and the principal repayment at maturity back to the present using an appropriate discount rate, considering factors such as prevailing interest rates and the bond's credit risk. The present value calculation would take into account the remaining cash flows and the time value of money to determine the fair value of the bond at the beginning of year 4.
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how
do I put the numbers in budget form? my numbers and totals are
provided
Beginning Budget: 2,253.82 Totals: therapy $60 food $19.23 Therapy: $100 $290.29 School - $28.16 Food /groceries $166.74 Shopping - $30,08 School - $51.00 food- & 15.27 Shopping $118.14 food-$15.53 Th
Total Therapy Expenses: $350.29, Total School Expenses: $79.16, Total Food/Groceries Expenses: $185.97, Total Shopping Expenses: $148.22, Overall Total Budget: $763.64
To put the numbers in budget form, you can organize them into categories and subtotals. Here's an example of how you can present the given numbers and totals in a budget format:
Budget Categories:
Therapy:
Beginning Budget: $60
Additional Expenses: $290.29
Total Therapy Expenses: $350.29
School:
Beginning Budget: $28.16
Additional Expenses: $51.00
Total School Expenses: $79.16
Food/Groceries:
Beginning Budget: $19.23
Additional Expenses: $166.74
Total Food/Groceries Expenses: $185.97
Shopping:
Beginning Budget: $30.08
Additional Expenses: $118.14
Total Shopping Expenses: $148.22
Grand Totals:
Total Therapy Expenses: $350.29
Total School Expenses: $79.16
Total Food/Groceries Expenses: $185.97
Total Shopping Expenses: $148.22
Overall Total Budget: $763.64
In this budget form, the categories are listed, and under each category, the beginning budget amount and additional expenses are stated. The subtotals are calculated by adding the beginning budget and additional expenses. Finally, the grand totals for each category are provided, along with the overall total budget amount.
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1 A i). What is leasing? [3 marks] ii). Discuss five important benefits of leasing. [5 marks] iii). Discuss five important rationales for mergers in recent times. [5.33 marks] [OR] Se Mate Saya pastor
Leasing is a contractual arrangement where a party (lessee) obtains the right to use an asset owned by another party (lessor) in exchange for regular payments over a specified period.
It allows businesses to enjoy the benefits of using an asset without the need for upfront capital investment.
Five important benefits of leasing include capital conservation, flexibility for upgrades, tax advantages, cost control, and efficient asset management. Mergers, on the other hand, serve various rationales in recent times. They include market expansion, synergy and cost efficiency, diversification, access to new technologies or resources, and strategic positioning for competitive advantage. These rationales drive companies to explore mergers as a means of achieving their growth and strategic objectives.
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Based on your consulting company in Assignment, you are to
prepare a calendar outlining when the following items must be filed
and/or paid:
T-4’s
ROE’s
WSIB
Corporate income tax
Source deduction
Here is a calendar outlining the due dates for each of the items you mentioned:
T-4's:
The deadline for filing T-4's is February 28th of each year. This means that you must provide your employees with their T-4 slips by this date.
ROE's:
You are required to issue an ROE (Record of Employment) as soon as possible after an employee’s last day of work, regardless of the reason why they left.
If your business submits ROEs electronically, you have up to five calendar days after the end of the pay period in which the employee’s interruption of earnings occurred to complete and submit the ROE to Service Canada.
WSIB:
The Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) premium payments are due on a quarterly basis.
The payment deadlines for each quarter are:
Q1: April 30th,
Q2: July 31st,
Q3: October 31st,
Q4: January 31st.
Corporate Income Tax:
For most corporations, the filing deadline for corporate income tax returns is six months after the fiscal year-end.
The payment deadline for any balance owing is two months after the corporation's year-end date.
Source Deduction:
Employers must remit deductions from their employees' paychecks to the CRA no later than the 15th day of the following month.
If you are a new employer or have a new payroll program account with the CRA, your remittance frequency will be assigned based on the average amount of deductions you reported during the first few months of your operations.
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