Our personal biases can significantly impact how we interpret and perceive media articles and news programs. Our preexisting beliefs, values, and experiences shape our perspective, leading to a subjective understanding of the information presented.
Confirmation bias, for example, can cause us to selectively attend to and interpret news stories that align with our existing beliefs while dismissing or ignoring contradictory information. This can create an echo chamber effect, reinforcing our own biases and limiting our exposure to diverse viewpoints.
It is essential to think critically when consuming news because media outlets have inherent biases that influence the content they produce. Journalists and editors may have personal beliefs, affiliations, or agendas that can influence the way they frame stories, select sources, and present information. Additionally, media organizations operate within larger societal, political, and economic contexts, which can also shape their coverage. By critically analyzing news programs and articles, we can identify potential biases, evaluate the credibility of sources, and consider alternative perspectives to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand.
All media, regardless of the producer, reflect the biases of the individuals and organizations involved in their creation. These biases can manifest in various ways, such as the selection and omission of certain facts, the tone and language used, and the framing of issues. Recognizing this inherent bias allows us to approach media consumption with a more discerning and analytical mindset. It is important to seek out diverse sources, fact-check information, and engage in critical thinking to develop a well-rounded understanding of complex topics and avoid being influenced solely by one-sided narratives.
Overall, understanding our own biases and being aware of the biases present in media outlets is crucial for engaging with news and current events in a thoughtful and informed manner. By critically analyzing the information presented, we can strive for a more objective and balanced perspective while actively challenging our own assumptions and seeking out diverse viewpoints.
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Discuss in detail conceptual considerations of biology, culture and
development?
Biology, culture, and development are three conceptual considerations that are interconnected and should be examined together to get a comprehensive view of child development.
The concepts of biology, culture, and development, as well as their interconnection, are discussed below:Biological Considerations:
The study of living organisms is referred to as biology. It concentrates on biological concepts such as genetics, ecology, evolution, and anatomy. Genes, genetic predisposition, and genetic traits play a significant part in determining our biological makeup. Biology influences development in terms of genetics and epigenetics, which are the ways in which genes and environment interact. Culture is the way of life of a group of people, including their social behavior, language, customs, and beliefs. The belief systems and customs of a society, as well as its language and social norms, are all influenced by culture. Children learn the culture of their society from their parents, peers, and others in their environment. Development and
Culture:Culture and development are interconnected. Cultural factors influence development. Children's development is influenced by the cultural beliefs and practices of their society. Different societies place a higher value on different skills and attributes.
For example, Western societies place a higher value on independence, while non-Western societies place a higher value on interdependence and group harmony. These cultural differences in values influence children's development. Children in non-Western societies, for example, tend to be more socially responsible and interdependent than those in Western societies, who tend to be more independent.
These cultural differences affect cognitive, emotional, and social development. Children's development is influenced by the culture of the society in which they live. In conclusion, biological, cultural, and developmental considerations are all interconnected. Biology and culture influence development, which in turn affects cognitive, emotional, and social development.
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According to a press release by The Sun Daily on 25 th April 2022, Deputy Director of Traffic Investigation and Enforcement Department, Datuk Mohd Nadzri Hussain warned that "Mat Rempit" (illegal street racing and bike stunt performance) may return as Malaysia is transiting to the endemic phase of COVID-19. Between reinforcement and punishment, which is the most effective method to reduce the mentioned issue? In this question, you are required to: i. First, you are required to briefly explain "reinforcement" and "punishment" . Provide example(s) to illustrate your understanding of the two concepts. ii. Then, provide at least three (3) justifications of your choice. Notes: i. Please practice proper in-text citation. ii. Provide an in-depth description/ explanation to support your selection. Include situational examples to reflect your understanding and knowledge.
Reinforcement is a more effective and sustainable approach for promoting desired behaviors and attitudes, as it encourages positive changes and avoids resentment and negativity associated with punishment.
I. Reinforcement and punishment: Reinforcement is a process of encouraging and promoting desired behaviors or attitudes, by providing positive incentives to enhance the likelihood that a particular behavior will be repeated. An example of reinforcement is a student receiving a star on their chart after they complete their homework or a worker receiving a bonus after meeting their monthly target.
Punishment is a process of decreasing or eliminating undesirable behaviors or attitudes by presenting negative consequences for such behavior. An example of punishment is a child losing their privilege of playing with their toys after misbehaving.
II. Justifications of choice:1. Reinforcement is a more effective method: Reinforcement is a more effective method than punishment because it encourages individuals to make positive changes. When people are motivated and rewarded for their actions, they are more likely to repeat the desired behavior.
Therefore, using reinforcement to promote safe driving habits and discouraging illegal street racing and bike stunt performance can be a more effective approach. 2. Punishment may lead to resentment: When punishment is used as a way of dealing with issues, it may lead to resentment and negativity, which can make the problem even worse.
Individuals may react negatively, feeling victimized, and refuse to follow the law. Moreover, punishment is reactive rather than proactive and may not address the root cause of the issue. 3. Reinforcement promotes long-term behavioral changes: Reinforcement promotes long-term behavioral changes that encourage individuals to adopt good habits.
For example, instead of punishing illegal street racers, one can promote safe driving habits and reward responsible drivers. This will help to create a positive driving culture that promotes responsible behavior and ensures that individuals take pride in their driving skills. Therefore, promoting reinforcement can be a more sustainable method to curb illegal street racing and bike stunt performance in the long run.
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Samuel is a 23-year-old man who has been very successful in his studies at university. However, his performance begins to decline and was even suspended from university after missing multiple classes and assessments. He quit seeing his friends and no longer seemed to care about his appearance or social pursuits. He lived with several family members but rarely spoke to any of them. When he did talk to them, he said he had found clues that his college was just a front for an organized crime operation. His sister said that she had often seen him mumbling quietly to himself and at times he seemed to be talking to people who were not there. He would emerge from his room and ask his family to be quiet even when they were not making any noise. His family said that they had never known him to use drugs or alcohol, and his drug screening results were negative.
Explain and evaluate TWO theories that may explain the development of Samuel’s condition.
Suggest and evaluate TWO treatment approaches that can be provided to someone with a condition like Samuel. Explain your reasoning in detail.
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking, and emotions, and social withdrawal. The two theories that explain Samuel's condition are given below.
Schizophrenia is caused by abnormalities in brain development, according to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. This theory proposes that early brain development plays a critical role in the development of the disorder. Abnormalities in neural migration, maturation, and differentiation that occur during fetal or early neonatal brain development are thought to contribute to schizophrenia development. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes that the interaction of genetic and environmental factors during brain development causes the disorder.
Samuel's symptoms, such as his social withdrawal, disordered thinking, delusions, and hallucinations, support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. Samuel's condition may have resulted from abnormalities in early brain development that were caused by genetic or environmental factors. In addition, the negative drug screening suggests that drug abuse is not a factor contributing to his condition. The stress-vulnerability model: The stress-vulnerability model suggests that individuals who are genetically predisposed to schizophrenia are more vulnerable to environmental stressors, which can trigger the onset of symptoms. The stress-vulnerability model proposes that schizophrenia results from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental stressors. Samuel's symptoms, such as his social withdrawal, disordered thinking, delusions, and hallucinations, support the stress-vulnerability model.
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According to Kotter, the change process is always driven by high-quality management. O True O False Question 46 2 pts When complacency is high, organizations need a leader to support the status-quo. True O False Question 47 2 pts Change efforts often fail because leaders permit obstacles to block the new vision. O True O False D Question 48 2 pts Adaptive leadership is the art of mobilizing others to tackle tough challenges and thrive. True O False
(a) According to Kotter, the change process is always driven by high-quality management. ''FALSE''
(b) When complacency is high, organizations need a leader to support the status-quo. ''FALSE''
(c) Change efforts often fail because leaders permit obstacles to block the new vision. ''TRUE''
(d) Adaptive leadership is the art of mobilizing others to tackle tough challenges and thrive. ''TRUE''
The statement (a) is false. While high-quality management is important for successful change, it is not the sole driver of the change process. Change can be initiated by various factors, including external pressures, market dynamics, technological advancements, or even grassroots movements within an organization.
Regarding statement (b), it is also false. When complacency is high, organizations actually need a leader who can challenge the status quo and inspire others to embrace change. A leader's role in such situations is to shake up the organization, promote innovation, and create a sense of urgency to break free from complacency.
Statement (c) is true. Change efforts often fail because leaders fail to address or remove obstacles that hinder the implementation of the new vision. These obstacles can include resistance from employees, lack of resources or support, inadequate communication, or insufficient planning and execution. Effective leaders anticipate and address these obstacles to ensure the successful adoption of the new vision.
Lastly, statement (d) is true. Adaptive leadership involves mobilizing and empowering others to tackle tough challenges and thrive in uncertain and rapidly changing environments. Adaptive leaders encourage collaboration, foster a culture of continuous learning, and enable individuals and teams to adapt their approaches and strategies as circumstances evolve. It requires flexibility, resilience, and the ability to inspire and guide others through complex and ambiguous situations.
In conclusion, high-quality management alone is not the sole driver of the change process (a), organizations need leaders to challenge the status quo when complacency is high (b), change efforts often fail due to leaders permitting obstacles to block the new vision (c), and adaptive leadership is indeed the art of mobilizing others to tackle tough challenges and thrive (d).
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stockdale la, porter cl, coyne sm, essig lw, booth m, keenan-kroff s, schvaneveldt e. 2020. infants' response to a mobile phone modified still-face paradigm: links to maternal behaviors and beliefs regarding technoference. 25(5):571-592.
The provided information appears to be a citation for a scientific research article titled "Infants' response to a mobile phone modified still-face paradigm: links to maternal behaviors and beliefs regarding technoference." The citation includes the names of the authors, the publication year (2020), the title of the article, and the volume and page numbers of the journal in which it was published.
The research article examines infants' responses to a modified still-face paradigm involving a mobile phone and explores the relationship between maternal behaviors, beliefs regarding technoference (the interference of technology in interpersonal relationships), and infants' reactions. The study likely investigates the impact of mobile phone usage on mother-infant interactions and the potential effects on infants' social and emotional development.
The article may delve into various aspects, such as the specific behaviors and beliefs of mothers related to their use of mobile phones and how these factors influence infants' reactions during the still-face paradigm. The research might provide insights into the role of technology in parent-child interactions and its potential effects on infant development. The authors may present their findings and discuss the implications of the study's results for understanding the complex dynamics between technology use, maternal behaviors, and infants' responses.
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All of the following in the Yale baby lab studies revealed evolutionary "hard wiring" of
humans EXCEPT?
we are born with a type of prejudice and discrimination
we are born with a in-group / out-group bias and are willing to punish others who are not like us.
when resources the in-group/ out-group bias can be triggered
we are born with a basic morality where we prefer others who are helpful and punish those who are "mean"
It is inconclusive when studying babies because they can't verbalize their answers.
The statement that revealed evolutionary "hard wiring" of humans from the given options except all of the following is "It is inconclusive when studying babies because they can't verbalize their answers." So, option e is correct.
Evolutionary hard wiring is a concept that refers to an inherited instinct or a group of instincts that humans have developed over millions of years of evolution. For example, if we're scared of snakes, it's not because we were taught to be afraid of them; it's because our ancestors learned to fear snakes, which helped them survive.
Yale's baby lab studies revealed that humans are born with in-group/out-group biases and are willing to punish others who are not like us. We are born with a basic sense of morality in which we prefer those who are helpful and punish those who are "mean."
However, from the given options except, "It is inconclusive when studying babies because they can't verbalize their answers" is the statement that does not reveal evolutionary hard-wiring. Thus, the correct option is: It is inconclusive when studying babies because they can't verbalize their answers. So, option e is correct.
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Please watch the movie, "The Brass Teapot." In 3-4 paragraphs,
answer the following questions: Is the teapot, itself, evil on it's
own? Who do you think is the most evil person in the movie?
Why?
The Brass Teapot movie is a dark comedy that revolves around the lives of a newly married couple, Alice and John. When the couple is presented with a brass teapot, they are surprised to discover that it brings wealth to them whenever they get hurt. With the promise of wealth, Alice and John find themselves in increasingly dangerous situations, trying to get hurt as much as possible to get rich. This results in a series of morally ambiguous actions, which raises the question of the morality of the characters in the movie.
The Brass Teapot, as an object, cannot be evil on its own. It is simply a teapot with magical powers that produce money whenever the person owning the teapot gets hurt. In this sense, the teapot becomes a source of temptation for the couple, who begin to test the limits of the teapot by inflicting harm upon themselves. Therefore, it is the way that the characters use the teapot that makes it appear to be evil.
Throughout the movie, many of the characters are shown to exhibit varying degrees of evil behavior. However, the character that stands out as the most evil is the banker. When Alice and John visit him to invest their newfound wealth, he reveals that he knows about the powers of the brass teapot and demands that they sell it to him. He is willing to go to great lengths to obtain the teapot, including blackmail and threats of violence. The banker's greed and willingness to harm others for his personal gain demonstrate that he is the most evil character in the movie.
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QUESTION 1
"According to Arrington, indirect information transfer is a method of advertising that always undermines one's autonomy."
True
False
3 points
QUESTION 2
[Short Answer Question]
"According to Susser, Roessler, and Nissenbaum, to [ ] a person is to influence a person by constraining that person's options so that only rational option for that person would be to do what you want that person to do."
Q1. What is the right word to fill in the blank?
Q2. Is it always manipulative to influence a person by constraining that person's options so that the only rational option for that person would be to do what you want that person to do? Why or why not? (Explain with one or two sentences.)
According to the given information, the statement is False.
Indirect information transfer is not always a method of advertising that undermines one's autonomy.
The statement claims that indirect information transfer is always a method of advertising that undermines one's autonomy. However, this assertion is not accurate. Indirect information transfer refers to the communication of messages or ideas through indirect means, such as subtle persuasion techniques or implicit messaging. While it is true that certain forms of indirect information transfer can be manipulative and undermine one's autonomy, it is not an inherent characteristic of all indirect information transfer methods.
Whether or not indirect information transfer undermines autonomy depends on various factors, including the intentions behind the messaging, the context in which it is used, and the level of coercion or manipulation involved. Some forms of indirect information transfer may aim to inform or persuade individuals without infringing upon their autonomy. For example, using storytelling or providing informative content can be a way to engage and educate individuals without coercing them into a particular behavior.
Therefore, it is important to consider the specific circumstances and intentions behind the use of indirect information transfer before making a blanket statement that it always undermines autonomy.
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Correctional boot camps are considered the most unpopular
sentencing alternative. Why? What do you believe is a better
alternative?
It is important to approach criminal justice with a focus on rehabilitation, treatment, and addressing the underlying causes of criminal behavior to achieve long-term positive outcomes.
Correctional boot camps are often considered unpopular as a sentencing alternative due to several reasons:
Effectiveness: There is limited evidence to support the long-term effectiveness of correctional boot camps in reducing recidivism rates or promoting positive behavioral changes.
Some studies have found that the impact of boot camps on reducing criminal behavior is short-lived once participants return to their communities.
Harsh and Punitive Approach: Boot camps typically employ a military-style disciplinary approach, which can involve strict rules, physical exertion, and intense discipline.
This approach may not be suitable for all individuals and may be perceived as overly harsh or degrading by some.
Lack of Individualized Treatment: Boot camps typically follow a standardized program that may not adequately address the specific needs and underlying issues of each participant.
Personalized treatment and rehabilitation plans are often more effective in addressing the root causes of criminal behavior.
Limited Focus on Rehabilitation: Boot camps primarily focus on discipline, physical fitness, and military-style training, but they may lack sufficient emphasis on rehabilitation, therapy, and skill-building to help individuals reintegrate into society successfully.
A better alternative to correctional boot camps would be a comprehensive and individualized approach that prioritizes rehabilitation, treatment, and community reintegration.
Some alternatives that have shown promise in reducing recidivism rates include:
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT programs aim to address the cognitive distortions and patterns of thinking that contribute to criminal behavior. By helping individuals develop pro-social attitudes and skills, CBT can promote long-term behavioral change.
Substance Abuse Treatment: Many individuals involved in the criminal justice system struggle with substance abuse issues. Providing access to evidence-based substance abuse treatment programs can address the underlying causes of criminal behavior and reduce the likelihood of reoffending.
Vocational Training and Education: Equipping individuals with job skills, education, and vocational training can significantly improve their chances of finding stable employment upon release, reducing the likelihood of recidivism.
Community-Based Programs: Diverting non-violent offenders to community-based programs such as probation, restorative justice initiatives, and community service can promote accountability, provide necessary support, and encourage reintegration into the community.
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a) Whom would John’s audience have identified as the Beast in the Book of Revelation?
i) A single individual who would appear at the end of history.
ii) Roman Emperors who persecuted the Church (I think this is the right answer, but I'm not sure ).
iii) Legalistic Jewish Christians who required Gentile Christians to be circumcised.
iv) A spiritual being who would enter into human hearts and deceive them.
b) When the people request a king what is Samuel’s primary argument that Israel ought not to have one?
i) The law never provides instruction about kingship.
ii) A king will heavily tax the people and take from their resources (I also think this is the right answer, but again, not 100% sure)
iii) Kings might commit immoral acts like adultery and murder.
iv) Samuel’s sons are more fit to rule in Israel.
The correct option is A. John’s audience would have identified Roman Emperors who persecuted the Church as the Beast in the Book of Revelation.
b) When the people request a king, Samuel’s primary argument that Israel ought not to have one is that a king will heavily tax the people and take from their resources. In the Book of Revelation, the Beast is a symbol of an evil power that is opposed to God and His people.
John, the writer of the Book of Revelation, describes the Beast as coming out of the sea, having ten horns and seven heads, and being worshiped by all the earth. In the early Christian era, the Beast was widely seen as a symbol of the Roman Empire, which was hostile to Christianity.
Therefore, the correct option is Roman Emperors who persecuted the Church for the first question. When the people request a king, Samuel’s primary argument that Israel ought not to have one is that a king will heavily tax the people and take from their resources. Therefore, the correct option is "A king will heavily tax the people and take from their resources" for the second question.
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In his chapter on social constructionism, Surette includes descriptions of Theodore Sasson's five Crime and Justice Frames. Watch an episode of your favorite crime-related television show (or, if you don't usually watch such shows, just find one to watch). Review the frames and see if you can determine which is the dominant frame being used to construct reality in that episode. Can you identify any competing frames? Outline the way(s) in which the social construction of crime in the episode might relate to a particular policy.
The task is to watch an episode, identify the dominant frame, determine competing frames, and outline the relationship between the social construction of crime in the episode and a particular policy.
What is the task for analyzing a crime-related television show using Theodore Sasson's Crime and Justice Frames and relating it to a specific policy?The task is to watch an episode of a crime-related television show and analyze it using Theodore Sasson's five Crime and Justice Frames. The student needs to identify the dominant frame being used to construct reality in the episode and determine if there are any competing frames. Additionally, the student should outline how the social construction of crime in the episode relates to a specific policy.
In order to fulfill the task, the student will need to critically analyze the episode and identify which frame is predominantly portrayed in the show. They will also need to consider if there are any alternative frames or perspectives that challenge the dominant frame.
By understanding how the episode constructs the reality of crime, the student can then explore how it relates to a particular policy, such as the portrayal of law enforcement practices or the depiction of the criminal justice system.
The analysis should provide a thoughtful examination of the episode, highlighting the ways in which social constructionism influences the representation of crime and justice.
The student's evaluation of the dominant frame and potential competing frames should be supported by examples and evidence from the episode. Furthermore, the discussion of the relationship between the social construction of crime and a specific policy should demonstrate critical thinking and an understanding of the broader social implications.
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of speech production?
a. phonological level
b. morphological level
c. semantic level
d. syntactic level
e. sound perception level
The correct option is e. Sound perception level is not a stage of speech production.
Speech production refers to the process of creating spoken language by humans. It involves the coordination of many different parts of the body, including the lungs, vocal cords, tongue, lips, and jaw. There are several stages of speech production that take place in the brain. These stages include the phonological level, morphological level, semantic level, and syntactic level. The phonological level is the stage where speech sounds are identified and distinguished from each other. The morphological level is the stage where the meaning of individual words is determined. The semantic level is the stage where the meaning of whole sentences is understood.
The syntactic level is the stage where the structure of a sentence is determined. Sound perception level is not a stage of speech production. Sound perception refers to the process of interpreting sounds that are heard by the ears. While it is important for speech production to be able to hear and distinguish different sounds, it is not one of the stages of producing speech itself.
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Answer the question in a short paragraph:
1. Using your knowledge and experience of cultural myths/value systems please explain the
significance Tesla gets from its place in the system of automotive status symbols in the Bay Area.
Tesla gains significant status in the Bay Area's system of automotive status symbols due to its association with technological innovation, environmental consciousness, and the region's emphasis on sustainability and progressive values.
In the Bay Area, Tesla holds a significant place in the system of automotive status symbols due to multiple factors. Firstly, Tesla's reputation for technological innovation aligns with the region's strong emphasis on cutting-edge technology and its position as a global hub for innovation. Secondly, Tesla's electric vehicles resonate with the Bay Area's environmentally conscious culture, where sustainability and reducing carbon footprints are highly valued.
Lastly, the region's progressive values, which include embracing renewable energy and supporting clean transportation solutions, further enhance Tesla's significance as a status symbol. Owning a Tesla signifies not only wealth but also a commitment to technological advancement, environmental responsibility, and alignment with the cultural values of the Bay Area.
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Discuss the principles for effectively implementing an action plan. Read and complete the "Action Planning Practice Exercise." What did you learn from the exercise? What problems might you encounter in carrying out this action plan? How might this apply to your counseling practice?
Action Planning Practice Exercise
Counseling that is all talk and no action is not effective counseling. During the last topic, we explored the creation of possibilities for change. Action planning involves putting the wheels and engine in the car. Action is different than intention. If you want to lose weight and have identified some possibilities for how you can do that, you now need to decide the specific action steps you will take and when you will take them. Then you need to make a commitment to the plan. We will be looking at how to set specific, measurable, action goals and create a doable action plan that can lead to a positive outcome. If counselors allow clients to create vague goals like "I’m going to stop drinking," they should not be surprised when the clients do not follow through on taking action to reach their goals. When the goals and action steps are vague, it is hard to hold clients accountable and clients may not even be accountable to themselves. Action plans without specific steps and dates are unlikely to be achieved. Practice Establishing Action Plans:For this exercise, you may use the brainstorming results from the previous exercise or use a different problem. The tools that you explored in Topic 6 like mind mapping and story boarding may also be used in establishing an action plan. Storyboarding with post-it notes can be particularly useful for action planning because you can move post-it notes around to put them in sequence. Define the long-term goal (e.g., I want to lose 30 pounds by December 31). Define a problem you what to solve and the specific outcome you want to have with a date. You can write that specific outcome on a post-it note and stick it to the top of the page. Now write specific action steps you would need to take to reach that goal. Include one step per post-it note. For example, set up an appointment to enroll in a fitness center by October 3, decide on an eating plan by October 5, clean pantry and refrigerator October 7, start eating plan October 7, etc. Arrange the action steps in order. Plan for how you will hold yourself accountable. During the planning process, check in with yourself to identify your reaction to the plan. If you cringe when you think of it, perhaps this will not be a workable plan. Is the plan realistic? Vowing never to eat another sweet is probably not a viable plan. Identify possible barriers to implementing the plan. If barriers are identified, what are steps you can take to overcome the barriers? Do you have support to help you or encourage you while working to achieve your goal?
The principles for effectively implementing an action plan include defining long-term goals, defining a problem and specific outcomes, writing specific action steps, arranging the action steps in order, and planning for how to hold yourself accountable.
checking in with yourself during the planning process, identifying possible barriers to implementing the plan, and identifying steps to take to overcome the barriers. The Action Planning Practice Exercise teaches how to set specific, measurable, action goals and create a doable action plan that can lead to a positive outcome.
The exercise helps in creating a viable plan, identifying possible barriers and steps to overcome them, and getting support to help or encourage while working to achieve the goal. The possible problems in carrying out the action plan include failure to set specific action steps, not committing to the plan, allowing vague goals, having unrealistic goals, and identifying impossible barriers to implementing the plan.
To overcome these problems, one can set specific and measurable action goals, commit to the plan, avoid vague goals, make the plan realistic, and identify possible barriers that can be overcome.
Applying the principles of effectively implementing an action plan to counseling practice involves setting specific goals, identifying possible barriers, committing to the plan, and getting support to help or encourage clients while working to achieve their goals.
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A person's mouth starts watering every time they see fried chicken, even if they are not hungry. This proves that ______plays a powerful role in our decision to start eating or not. a. instinct b. goals c. drives d. memory If someone believes that they are academically gifted, spends lots of time studying, and happen to go to an academically rigorous school, then they are probably experiencing _____
a. reciprocal determinism
b. external locus of control c. incongruence d. manifest content
1. A person's mouth starts watering every time they see fried chicken, even if they are not hungry. This proves that drives plays a powerful role in our decision to start eating or not. So, option c is the right choice.
2. If someone believes that they are academically gifted, spends lots of time studying, and happen to go to an academically rigorous school, then they are probably experiencing reciprocal determinism . So, option a is the right choice.
A person's mouth watering when they see fried chicken, even if they're not hungry, suggests that drives play a powerful role in our decision to start eating. Drives are internal states of tension that push us towards certain behaviors, such as satisfying our cravings or desires. In this case, the person's mouth watering is an automatic physiological response triggered by the sight of fried chicken, indicating a strong drive towards consuming it.When someone believes they are academically gifted, spends a significant amount of time studying, and attends an academically rigorous school, they are likely experiencing reciprocal determinism. Reciprocal determinism refers to the interaction between an individual's personality, behavior, and their environment. In this situation, the person's belief in their academic abilities influences their behavior of studying extensively. At the same time, the academically rigorous school environment also influences their behavior and reinforces their belief in their academic giftedness. This reciprocal relationship between the person's beliefs, behavior, and environment contributes to their academic experiences and outcomes.Overall, the person's mouth watering and the academic scenario demonstrate the influence of drives and reciprocal determinism, respectively, in shaping our decisions and experience.The right answer for (1) is option c. Drives and for (2) is option a. reciprocal determinism
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This is a hypothetical: There is a new vaccine that prevents the spread of malaria. However, there is great resistance to taking the vaccine. First, provide a brief summation of the basic principles of the three schools of behaviorism. Then, using any or all of the various behaviorist schools of thought, what measure might you suggest would improve the acceptance of the vaccines? Please Note: This question is not asking students for their opinion on the rights of individuals to reject the vaccine or on the issue of immunizations in general. What the question is asking is "how might behaviorism be used to promote any collective behavior?"
Behaviorism is a theory in psychology that studies the behavior of an individual. It was proposed by John Watson. The theory can be divided into three schools, which include classical, operant, and social-cognitive schools.
Classical conditioning refers to the conditioning of an individual through repetition. This conditioning can be used to modify behavior. Operant conditioning is the concept of learning through consequences. Social-cognitive theory refers to learning through modeling, observation, and imitation.
The measure that could be used to improve the acceptance of the vaccine is through classical conditioning. This technique can be used to change behavior through repetition. A popular example is Pavlov's dog experiment, where the dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell.
Similarly, the vaccine can be associated with a positive stimulus such as food, music, or a toy. This association will make the vaccine more acceptable to those who are resistant to taking it.
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What advice would you give the parent of a toddler regarding their child's language development if you subscribed to the behavioural theory of language acquisition? How would this differ if you were a firm supporter of Chomsky's nativist approach? Finally, what advice would you give if you adhered to the interactionist theory of language acquisition?
If you adhere to the behavioural theory of language acquisition, you would advise the parent of a toddler to provide an environment where their child is constantly exposed to language. In other words, the child must be surrounded by people who speak the language fluently and who can engage the child in conversations.
Additionally, the parent should be an active participant in their child's language development by modeling proper grammar and pronunciation. In essence, the behavioural theory posits that language is a learned behavior that can be shaped through repetition and reinforcement.On the other hand, if you were a firm supporter of Chomsky's nativist approach, you would advise the parent of a toddler that language is innate and that the child is born with the ability to learn language. Therefore, it is the parent's responsibility to provide the child with an environment that allows them to express themselves and explore language naturally.
Unlike the behavioural theory, which emphasizes repetition and reinforcement, the nativist approach suggests that children will naturally acquire language if given the opportunity to do so. Finally, if you adhered to the interactionist theory of language acquisition, you would advise the parent of a toddler to engage in conversational turn-taking with their child. This means that the parent should speak to their child in a way that encourages the child to respond. This type of back-and-forth dialogue is believed to be crucial in language development because it allows the child to practice their speaking and listening skills in a meaningful way.
In addition, the interactionist theory posits that language development is influenced by both nature and nurture, meaning that both innate ability and environmental factors play a role. Therefore, the parent should provide a language-rich environment while also engaging in responsive communication with their child.
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Now, with regard to this research do you think that the teen
driving age should be raised from 16 to say 18 or 20? Should teens
be allowed to drive with their peers in the car? Why or why
not?
It's a complex issue; research suggests raising the driving age could improve safety and limiting peer passengers may reduce distractions, but drawbacks and individual freedoms should be considered.
Should the teen driving age be raised and should teens be allowed to drive with their peers in the car?The decision to raise the teen driving age from 16 to 18 or 20 and whether teens should be allowed to drive with their peers in the car is a complex one.
Research suggests that delaying the driving age could potentially improve safety by allowing teenagers more time to mature, gain experience, and develop better decision-making skills.
Additionally, restrictions on driving with peers may reduce distractions and promote safer driving practices.
However, it is important to consider potential drawbacks, such as limitations on individual freedoms, increased reliance on alternative transportation, and the need for comprehensive driver education programs to ensure preparedness and responsibility on the road.
Ultimately, any policy changes in this area should be based on a balanced assessment of safety, individual development, and practical considerations.
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The Southern Gentry embraced the new religious ideas being spread around their region during the Great Awakening because the gentry thought it was a good idea that poor Whites and African Americans should be taught all humans were equal in the sight of God. True or False
The statement "The Southern Gentry embraced the new religious ideas being spread around their region during the Great Awakening because the gentry thought it was a good idea that poor Whites and African Americans should be taught all humans were equal in the sight of God" is FALSE.
The Southern Gentry embraced the new religious ideas being spread around their region during the Great Awakening because they thought it would help reinforce their authority and power over the common people. They saw the religious revival as a way to control the poor whites and African Americans and believed that it would bring them closer to God and make them more obedient to the wealthy.
They also believed that religion was a way to regulate social behavior and keep people in their proper place. This is why the wealthy gentry built and funded churches, paid for the salaries of ministers, and supported the Great Awakening.
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C Wright Mills was an immensely influential social scientist. He coined the term sociological imagination which may be loosely defined as the awareness of the relationship between broader society and a specific individual. Discuss (in approximately 400 – 500 words) the contribution that Mill’s sociological imagination made to the field of Sociology. Use an example to represent your explanation.
C. Wright Mills, one of the most influential social scientists of the twentieth century, is well known for his contribution to sociology. Mills coined the phrase "sociological imagination," which can be loosely defined as the recognition of the link between wider society and an individual.
The following is a discussion of Mill's sociological imagination contribution to the field of sociology, using a particular instance.
C. Wright Mills's sociological imagination is one of the most significant contributions to the field of sociology. Mills' theory helps people to observe things from a different perspective. According to Mills, the sociological imagination enables us to grasp historical context and personal circumstance as it relates to society. With this approach, an individual may comprehend how the world operates and how to move within it effectively. Furthermore, it stresses the significance of the societal structures and historical forces that influence and mold people's lives.
The sociological imagination is useful in comprehending social issues such as racism, gender inequality, and social injustice. It encourages people to understand how their individual experiences are shaped by their social, cultural, and economic contexts. Through the sociological imagination, one can comprehend how individual experiences are linked to the broader social structure. As a result, individuals may recognize how their experiences relate to those of others, which may help to promote a sense of solidarity and community.
In conclusion, Mills' sociological imagination provides a new way of looking at the world, emphasizing the importance of context and the relationship between people and their social surroundings. The sociological imagination allows individuals to comprehend the effect of societal forces and structures on their individual experiences. ExplanationOne instance that may help in explaining Mills' sociological imagination is the study of poverty. Poverty is a multi-dimensional issue that affects people all over the world. Mills' sociological imagination allows us to examine poverty in a new way by looking at the bigger picture. In this instance, we must first comprehend poverty as a historical, cultural, and social issue, rather than a problem that is unique to the individual. Poverty is a systemic issue that affects people from all walks of life. Sociologists can use the sociological imagination to examine the causes of poverty, such as political and economic policies, lack of access to quality education, and societal expectations. Furthermore, the sociological imagination enables us to comprehend how poverty affects people's lives, such as their health, education, and job prospects.
In conclusion, the sociological imagination is a valuable tool for examining social problems such as poverty from a fresh perspective. Through the sociological imagination, individuals can see how their experiences are linked to broader social structures and how they are shaped by them. Therefore, sociologists should use sociological imagination to comprehend social problems and provide solutions that will benefit everyone in society.
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Provides adequate discussion of strengths and weaknesses of
housing Policy during these period of social welfare history (
Progressive era,New Deal,Great society)
During the Progressive Era, housing policies were viewed as a means of mitigating the impact of rapid urbanization on public health. Here are the strengths and weaknesses of housing policy during the Progressive Era, New Deal, and Great Society.
Progressive Era
Strengths· The Progressive Era made significant strides in sanitation and housing reforms.· It established the U.S. Housing Corporation in 1918 to provide a wide range of housing solutions, including the construction of public housing.· They supported the effort to eliminate the threat of disease by advocating for the installation of clean water, efficient sewer systems, and safe disposal of waste.
Weaknesses· Most housing policies during the Progressive Era were implemented in a piecemeal fashion and were not comprehensive enough to address the larger issues of poverty and income inequality.· The U.S. Housing Corporation was established too late to have any significant impact on the housing situation in the U.S. during the era.
New Deal
Strengths· The New Deal's housing policies aimed to provide affordable housing for low-income families through the creation of public housing and homeownership programs.· It created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), which insured mortgages for homebuyers and established standards for construction.· It also established the Homeowners Loan Corporation, which helped homeowners refinance their mortgages and avoid foreclosure.
Weaknesses· Redlining and other discriminatory practices made it difficult for minority populations to access affordable housing.· Many public housing projects were poorly constructed, leading to substandard living conditions and high maintenance costs.· The New Deal's housing policies were not sufficiently comprehensive to address the larger issues of poverty and income inequality.
Great Society
Strengths· The Great Society implemented several housing policies aimed at providing affordable housing for low-income families.· It created the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to coordinate federal housing programs.· It established the Model Cities program, which aimed to revitalize urban areas by providing grants for housing, education, and social programs.
Weaknesses· The Great Society's housing policies faced opposition from conservatives who viewed them as promoting dependence on government assistance.· The Model Cities program failed to achieve its goals due to insufficient funding and opposition from local governments.· The Great Society's housing policies were not comprehensive enough to address the root causes of poverty and income inequality.
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Young children are able to think logically about only one thing at a time. For example, the child at the birthday party with a smaller piece of cake is sad until his mom cuts it in half while he is watching and tells him "now you have two". His attention is attracted to the fact that two is more than one and he is no longer unhappy. He is not wrong (two is more than one), but he is missing the bigger picture (the amount of cake has not changed). For your discussion, this week describe a situation where this kind of logic fails or give an example if you have access to a child between three and five.
One of the classic examples where this kind of logic fails for young children is the conservation task. For example, imagine a child who has two identical glasses, A and B, that are both filled with the same amount of water.
If the water from glass A is poured into a tall, narrow glass C, the child may think that glass C now has more water than glass B even though they originally had the same amount of water. This is because the child's attention is focused on the height of the water level, not the fact that the amount of water has not changed.
Another example of this kind of logic failing is when a child wants to have a toy that another child is playing with. Even if the child has the exact same toy in their possession, they may still want the toy the other child is playing with simply because it is in the other child's possession. The child's logic is based on the fact that the other child has something they don't, rather than the fact that they already have the same toy.
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Which identifies the strongest influence on eighteenth century colonial americans?
The strongest influence on eighteenth-century colonial Americans was the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was a philosophical and intellectual movement that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights.
It spread throughout Europe and had a significant impact on the American colonies. The ideas of the Enlightenment, such as natural rights and the social contract, influenced American political thought and played a crucial role in shaping the colonists' desire for independence. Additionally, the Enlightenment promoted ideas of religious tolerance and freedom of thought, which challenged traditional authority and encouraged the growth of diverse religious beliefs in the colonies. In conclusion, the Enlightenment was the strongest influence on eighteenth-century colonial Americans.
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Write your reflection about eating disorders in general
and how they are influenced by U.S. culture.
Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions that can result in severe physical and mental health issues. The most common types of eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder.
Eating disorders have become more prevalent in the United States in recent years. According to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), approximately 30 million people in the U.S. are affected by eating disorders, and the majority of these people are women. The U.S. culture has a significant influence on eating disorders. The ideal body type for women in the U.S. is thin, and many women strive to achieve this body type. T
his ideal body type is often portrayed in the media, including in movies, TV shows, and advertisements. Women who do not have this body type may feel pressured to lose weight, which can lead to disordered eating behaviors.
U.S. culture has a significant influence on eating disorders. The ideal body type for women in the U.S. is thin, and many women strive to achieve this body type. This ideal body type is often portrayed in the media, including in movies, TV shows, and advertisements. Women who do not have this body type may feel pressured to lose weight, which can lead to disordered eating behaviors. The prevalence of eating disorders in the U.S. may also be related to the cultural emphasis on dieting and weight loss.
Many Americans are obsessed with losing weight, and this obsession can lead to unhealthy behaviors such as restrictive eating, fasting, and purging. Finally, the availability of unhealthy foods in the U.S. may also be a factor in the development of eating disorders. Fast food restaurants and processed foods are readily available and affordable, making it easy for people to overeat and develop unhealthy eating habits.
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1-3 paragraph essay (100-200 words)
1. Pick any time period in Japanese history up until 1900 and
explain how Japanese elite/ruling class maintained social
hierarchy.
During the Edo period (1603-1868) in Japanese history, the ruling class, known as the samurai, played a crucial role in maintaining social hierarchy. The samurai were the military nobility and held the highest position in the social order.
The samurai maintained their privileged status through various means. Firstly, they monopolized the military power, ensuring their authority and control over the land. They held the exclusive right to carry swords and were responsible for protecting their domains and serving the daimyo (feudal lords).
The samurai class enforced strict social etiquette and codes of behavior. This included the practice of seppuku as a means of preserving honor and maintaining social order.
The Japanese ruling class, particularly during the Edo period, maintained social hierarchy through their military power, adherence to strict codes of conduct, and the patronage system.
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According to "Race, Gender, and the Social Construction of
Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System," how does gender
influence sentencing and views around criminality?
Gender influences sentencing and views around criminality by perpetuating stereotypes and biases that result in differential treatment within the criminal justice system.
Gender plays a significant role in influencing the sentencing outcomes and perceptions surrounding criminality. Research has shown that stereotypes and biases related to gender often shape the decision-making processes within the criminal justice system. These biases can lead to differential treatment of individuals based on their gender, ultimately impacting the severity of sentencing.
For instance, studies have revealed that women tend to receive more lenient sentences compared to men for similar offenses. This phenomenon is often attributed to gender stereotypes that portray women as more nurturing, non-threatening, or in need of protection. Consequently, these stereotypes may result in judges, juries, and other stakeholders perceiving female defendants as less dangerous or culpable, leading to lighter sentences.
Moreover, gender influences views around criminality by shaping societal perceptions of "typical" criminal behavior. Traditional gender norms and expectations tend to associate certain crimes, such as violent offenses, with masculinity. This gendered perspective can lead to biased perceptions where male defendants may be more readily labeled as inherently violent or dangerous, contributing to harsher sentences.
In summary, gender-based biases and stereotypes within the criminal justice system have a profound impact on sentencing outcomes and societal perceptions of criminality. Recognizing and addressing these biases is crucial to ensuring fair and equitable treatment for all individuals involved in the criminal justice system.
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Tom's technology is given by the following production function: . If m represents his production of cheese, x is the amount of milk he uses, and y is how much sugar he uses.
1) Compute the marginal product of milk, the marginal product of sugar, and the technical rate of substitution.
2) What kind of returns to scale does Tom's technology show? Please explain your answer.
3) Represent in a graph with some isoquants Tom's technology.
4) Assume that the unit price of milk is px and the unit price of sugar is py. Because Tom is not the only person producing cheese, he acts as a price-taker on
both markets. Find Tom’s total cost function.
To find Tom's total cost function, we need information on the costs of milk and sugar and their quantities used in the production function.
What are the marginal product of milk, marginal product of sugar, technical rate of substitution, returns to scale, and total cost function for Tom's technology given a production function involving cheese, milk, and sugar?The marginal product of milk (MPM) is the partial derivative of the production function with respect to milk (x), the marginal product of sugar (MPS) is the partial derivative of the production function with respect to sugar (y), and the technical rate of substitution (TRS) is the ratio of the marginal product of sugar to the marginal product of milk.
To determine the returns to scale, we need to examine how the output changes when all inputs are increased proportionally. If the output increases by the same proportion as the inputs, it exhibits constant returns to scale.
If the output increases by a greater proportion, it exhibits increasing returns to scale. If the output increases by a smaller proportion, it exhibits decreasing returns to scale.
The graph should show isoquants, which represent different combinations of milk (x) and sugar (y) that produce the same level of output (m).
The total cost function represents the cost of producing a given level of output and is typically a function of input prices and quantities used.
The specific details and mathematical form of Tom's production function are not provided in the question, so the calculations and explanations provided are general in nature.
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This is a Multiple Choice Question. Select the ONE answer you think is correct.
Why did the Byzantines reject the western insistence on "the primacy of the pope," based on the text Matthew 16:18-19
("Thou Art Peter and upon this rock I will build my church")?
Because Byzantines regarded the text as a false addition
(interpolation) to scripture, deliberately contrived by an early pope to foster the claims of Rome.
Because Byzantines believed that westerners
were misreading this text — taking it out of context, and not understanding its importance in connection with other New Testament passages, where Christ confers the "power of binding and loosing" on all the apostles.
The conflict between Rome and Constantinople was essentially political, and debates over the meaning of this text played little role in episodes of tension and conflict.
The Byzantines rejected the Western insistence on "the primacy of the pope" because they believed that Westerners were misreading the text (Matthew 16:18-19) by taking it out of context and not understanding its importance in connection with other New Testament passages where Christ confers the "power of binding and loosing" on all the apostles. (2)
The Byzantines did not view the text as a false addition to scripture deliberately contrived by an early pope to foster the claims of Rome. Instead, they believed that the primacy of the pope was based on a misinterpretation of the text and that the power given to Peter in the passage was meant to be shared among all the apostles. The conflict between Rome and Constantinople was primarily political, and debates over the meaning of this text played a lesser role in episodes of tension and conflict.
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This is a Multiple Choice Question. Select the ONE answer you think is correct.
Why did the Byzantines reject the western insistence on "the primacy of the pope," based on the text Matthew 16:18-19
("Thou Art Peter and upon this rock I will build my church")?
Because Byzantines regarded the text as a false addition (interpolation) to scripture, deliberately contrived by an early pope to foster the claims of Rome.Because Byzantines believed that Westerners were misreading this text — taking it out of context, and not understanding its importance in connection with other New Testament passages, where Christ confers the "power of binding and loosing" on all the apostles.The conflict between Rome and Constantinople was essentially political, and debates over the meaning of this text played little role in episodes of tension and conflictColumbus refers often to this source in his Narrative of the Third Voyage. O a) Galileo Ob) Aristotle Oc) Pythagoras d) Ptolemy Question 8 Saved Listen Columbus thinks the world is round. True False Question 9 Saved Listen When the Puritans were struck with illness and disease, which two men were upheld by God and "not at all infected either with sickness of lameness" so that they could care for the sick? Capt. John Smith and Chief Powhatan Capt. Myles Standish and Mr. William Brewster Christopher Columbus and William Bradford
According to the book "Heath Anthology" VolumE answers are as follows for 7 ans: ptolemy,8 ans: True and 9 ans: Capt. Myles Standish and Mr. William Brewster.
7. Columbus refers often to this source in his Narrative of the Third Voyage : ptolemy
Ptolemy's "Geography" the book that inspired Columbus to attempt his voyage, and remains the model of all systematic atlases was first translated by the apostolic secretary Jacopo Angeli.
8. True
Christopher Columbus was his actual name. He believed that the Earth was round.
9. Capt. Myles Standish and Mr. William Brewster
There was a sickness arising from the men but seven men were on God's side and did not get sick. “Two of the seven were Mr. William Brewster, their reverend elder, and Myles Standish, their captain and military commander.
Therefore, Answers are as follows for 7 ans: ptolemy,8 ans: True and 9 ans: Capt. Myles Standish and Mr. William Brewster.
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Michel Foucault. The Fear of Being Watched a. Knowledge & Power
i. Episteme (define)
ii. When is power in its most potent form? b. Discipline & Punish i. Why did Foucault study the Panopticon? 1. According to the Foucault, what are the major effects of the Panopticon?
ii. What is a disciplinary society? What is an example of it?
iii. According to Foucault, why was there a decline of torture and corporal punishment?
iv. What are the phases of punishment? (identify and describe)
v. What are the three instruments of disciplinary power that Foucault identified?
Episteme is a term used by Michel Foucault, which refers to the set of knowledge structures or forms of thought that define the parameters of what can be known in a specific time period or context. It encompasses the beliefs, theories, and values that underlie a particular science, philosophy, or worldview.
Foucault contends that power is at its most potent when it becomes invisible or pervasive, such that those who are subject to it are not even aware of its presence. This means that power is most effective when it operates in an implicit or covert manner and is internalized by individuals. Discipline & Punish Foucault examined the panopticon, a type of prison structure in which inmates are constantly under observation by a single guard. He argued that this form of architecture represents a new type of power that operates by creating a sense of constant surveillance and discipline. According to Foucault, the major effects of the panopticon include the creation of self-discipline and the normalization of observation. He contends that the panopticon creates a sense of perpetual visibility and internalized control, which ultimately produces docile subjects. A disciplinary society is one in which power is exercised through the creation of hierarchical structures that are designed to monitor and control behavior. One example of a disciplinary society is modern Western society, which is characterized by institutions such as schools, prisons, hospitals, and bureaucracies that are designed to regulate and control individuals. Foucault argues that the decline of torture and corporal punishment was due to the emergence of disciplinary power, which operates through surveillance, observation, and internalization of norms. He contends that disciplinary power is more efficient and effective than violent forms of power because it produces self-discipline and normalized behavior.
He was interested in the ways in which power operates in a hidden or implicit manner and argued that the most effective forms of power are those that are invisible or pervasive. His work on the panopticon in Discipline & Punish is particularly famous and argues that this form of prison architecture represents a new type of power that operates through the creation of self-discipline and normalized behavior. He contends that modern Western society is characterized by institutions that are designed to regulate and control individuals and that operate through the normalization of observation and internalization of norms. Ultimately, Foucault's work is an important contribution to the critical examination of power and its operations in modern society.
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