The disease cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive. The prevalence of an autosomal recessive disease in a population is determined by Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium.
How is the prevalence of cystic fibrosis determined?The disease cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium states that q2, which in this case equals 1/2500 and q = 1/50, is the frequency of an autosomal recessive disease in a population. P = 49/50 1 because the frequency of the two alleles (p & q) must be equal to 1.
How is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium calculated?P2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 is the Hardy-Weinberg equation used to calculate genotype frequencies. Where "p2" denotes the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA), "2pq" denotes the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa), and "q2" denotes the frequency of the heterozygous dominant genotype.
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a vascular cambium cell divides to produce an inner and an outer daughter cell. which outcome represents the probable fate of these cells?
Vascular cambium cells divide to produce inner and outer daughter cells. Which result describes the expected fate of these cells? The inner cells differentiate into xylem and the outer cells divide again.
Vascular cambium {vascular cambium} The vascular cambium is a cylindrical meristematic tissue found between the xylem and phloem of plant roots and stems. Its function is to widen the diameter of roots and stems. It also contributes to the formation of wood texture. When germinated in Eudicot seeds, the radicle emerges from the seed coat while the seed is still buried in the ground. In eucotyledons (like legumes), the hypocotyls are hook-shaped and the feathers point down the vascular cambium. A cylinder of meristematic cells between wood and bark. - Consists of radial and spindle-shaped initial cells. Functions of the vascular cambium. - Generates secondary vascular tissue.
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in the desert, cactus seedlings only grow underneath trees or shrubs. the trees and shrubs provide shade, leaf litter for fertilization and moisture retention, and some protection from predators. what type of relationship do the cactus seedlings have with the trees and shrubs?
The type of relationship cactus seedlings have with the trees and shrubs is symbiotic relationship.
The Sahuaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea), often known as a nurse plant, is frequently seen in the Sonoran Desert near canopies of trees and bushes. The local loss of specific nursing trees seems to be accelerated by this interaction, leading to a predictable pattern of species replacement. Thus, the cactus exhibit a symbiotic relationship with tress or shrubs in the desert.
The saguaro plays a crucial role in the Tohono O'odham people's culture and offers food and shelter to a variety of desert species. According to some reports, the saguaro can be ecologically related to almost every other species in its range, including people.
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Cell division is the process of taking a parent cell and splitting it into 2 new genetically identical daughter cells. All organisms go through the process of cell division. What do bacteria use cell division for and how?.
However, in the case of a bacterium, cell division serves purposes other than simply producing more cells for the organism. Instead, it is how bacteria multiply, or increase the number of bacteria in a population.
What does cell division entail and why is it important?When people talk about "cell division," they typically mean mitosis, which is the process of creating new cells for the body. The cell division process known as meiosis is what produces egg and sperm cells. A vital process for life is mitosis.
How do bacteria divide their cells?In bacteria, cell division takes place when the membrane and peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the envelope layers infiltrate to form a septum that divides the cell into two compartments. Later on, the septal PG is hydrolyzed.
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observation: yellow colonies found at 25c and not yellow colonies at 37c. using the layout of an operon (promoter, operator, and genes), describe how transcription would be regulated at 25c.
The lac operon is a single-promoter operon, or collection of genes (transcribed as a single mRNA).
This opens up the lac operon promoter for binding by RNA polymerase and transcription. Beta-galactosidase, which is produced by the lacZ gene, catalyzes the breakdown of lactose into galactose and glucose. The DNA-binding transcription factor known as "Lactose inhibitor," or Lac I, represses translation of the operon involved in the transport and degradation of lactose. Constitutive genes are those whose expression is uncontrolled. The lac repressor, which is downstream of a promoter & upstream of the regulatory start site, binds to the RNA at this location, known as the operator, to prevent the lac operon from being expressed in the absent of lactose.
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If the cystic fibrosis allele protects against tuberculosis the same way the sickle-cell allele prusacts against malaria, then which of the following should true of a comparison between regions with and without tuberculosis? a. Cystic fibrosis deaths should be more common in regions with tuberculosis. b. Cystic fibrosis deaths should be less common in regions with tuberculosis. c. Cystic fibrosis deaths should be equally common in both types of regions. d. Regional differences in the cystic fibrosis death rate should be purely random and unpredictable.
The correct answer option(a) Cystic fibrosis deaths should be more common in the regions with tuberculosis.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs. Long-term issues include difficulty in breathing and coughing up mucus from lung infections. In a region where tuberculosis is present, cyctic fibrosis death will increase.
What are 5 symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
People with CF can have a variety of symptoms, including:
Very salty-tasting skin.Persistent coughing, at times with phlegm.Frequent lung infections including pneumonia or bronchitis.Wheezing or shortness of breath.Poor growth or weight gain in spite of a good appetite.Learn more about Cystic fibrosis to visit this link
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Neurexins are cell adhesion proteins that are important for connecting neurons at the synapse. Mammals have 3 neurexin genes. However, 2000 forms of neurexin proteins are found in cells where they play a role in determining synapse specificity. What mechanism most likely underlies this diversity?.
The mechanism that most likely underlies diversity associated with 2000 forms of neurexin proteins that are found in cells where they play a role in determining synapse specificity is alternative mRNA splicing.
What is the cellular process of alternative mRNA splicing?The cellular process of alternative mRNA splicing refers to the linking of the exons during the processing of the primary mRNA transcript after transcription, which is well known to increase the types of proteins that can be obtained from a particular gene sequence.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cellular process of alternative mRNA splicing is a cellular process associated with the formation of different forms of a gene which are called isoforms and this process is related to the huge diversity of similar proteins we can found in an organism which are generated by a single gene.
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Why do scientists think Earth's core contains iron?
Answer: B. The crust does not contain much iron
Explanation:
Option A is wrong because Iron is not lighter than the oxygen
Option C is wrong because iron does conduct electricity so answer B is correct!
If you can please give me a Brainliest, I only need 2 more to become an Ace, thank you!
when you arrive at work, you are unable to park your car in your assigned spot because someone has already parked there. what type of enzyme process could this be related to?
When you can't park because there's a car exactly where you normally park. This problem discusses enzymes that are analogous to a car that will park. The parking space represents the active site, the car is the substrate, and the other cars already in that space are the competition inhibition.
Competitive inhibitors are molecules blocking the active site so that the substrate must compete with the inhibitor for attachment to the enzyme. A non-competitive inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme somewhere other than the active site and reduces its effectiveness.
Competitive inhibitors cause side reactions that produce enzyme-inhibitor complexes and reduce the product formed.
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consider that a plant with genotype rr has red flowers and a plant with genotype ww has white flowers. this plant species expresses incomplete dominance for flower color when the plant is heterozygous. the offspring of a cross between an rr plant and a ww plant would be (1 point) responses red and pink. red and pink. pink and white. pink and white. all white. all white. all pink.
When this plant species is heterozygous, the allele for red color is dominant over the allele for white color in the progeny of a cross between an RR plant and a WW plant. This plant species exhibits incomplete dominance for flower color. However, the blooms that are heterozygous for both alleles are pink.
What is incomplete dominance?
When an allele for a given trait is not fully expressed over its matched allele, it is said to exhibit incomplete dominance.
Between the red and white colored flowers, a monohybrid cross was made. Take into account that the pure breed of the red flower carries the RR pair of alleles, whereas the pure breed of the white flower carries the WW pair of alleles.
First, true-breeding flowers of the colors red (RR) and white (WW) were crossed. A pink flower with the Rr pair of alleles was created by the F1 generation.
After then, the F1 offspring was self-pollinated. This produced flowers that were red (RR), pink (RW), and white (WW), in that order.
Keep in mind that Mendel's monohybrid cross also produced the 1:2:1 genotype ratio for the F2 generation. However, from 3:1 to 1:2:1, the phenotypic ratio has changed. This variation is a result of the allele R's partial dominance over the allele W.
As a result, flowers' colors began to blend.
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which bone cells are responsible for bone resorption? osteocytes osteocytes osteogenic cells osteogenic cells osteoclasts osteoclasts osteoblasts
Osteoclasts are involved in bone resorption and contribute to bone remodeling in response to bone growth and changes in mechanical loads on the skeleton. Osteoclasts are also involved in the long-term maintenance of blood calcium homeostasis
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated phagocytes located within or adjacent to depressions or depressions on the bone surface called resorption pits that are involved in degradation in a key process called bone resorption. Osteoclasts remove bone by dissolving minerals and breaking down matrix in a process called bone resorption. Osteoclasts are the derived from the same of the progenitor cells in the bone marrow that produce white blood cells. Osteoclasts are specialized multinucleated giant cells that resorb bone. This is primarily done by remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Osteoclasts are derived from monocyte fusion and have approximately 2-12 nuclei per cell.
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the pid-5 is basically an extreme, negative version of the big five. it consists of what five traits?
The five traits of PID-5 are negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism.
A series of eight Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder (FFMPD) scales were developed to assess, from the perspective of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the maladaptive traits included in the DSM-5 Personality Disorders Section II. Impaired personality functioning (Criterion A) and the presence of pathological personality traits are characteristics of PD (Criterion B). The PID-5's length, although its well-established reliability and validity, may restrict its usage in clinical practice and research. Relationships between PID-5 traits and other clinically relevant constructs for personality disorders have also been studied. For example, PID-5 traits have been linked general interpersonal impairment and dysfunctional beliefs. It was discovered that animosity and abnormal behavior were related. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that personality traits are associated with the Big Five model.
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Buffalo graze on the grasses of the North American plains, while yaks graze on grass in northern Asia. How do Darwin's categories of species variation apply to this comparison?
They both adapted to be able to eat what vegetation was thriving at that time.
Natural selection is the process by which living organism populations adapt and change. Individuals in a population are naturally variable, which means they differ in some ways. This variation indicates that some people have traits that are better suited to their environment than others.
Natural selection is the process by which advantageous traits become more likely in future generations. Adaptation is a trait that changes depending on the environment. Natural selection results in adaptation, or a population dominated by organisms that are anatomically, behaviorally, and physiologically well suited to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
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which of the following exerts tonic (ongoing) inhibition over the va/vl thalamic nuclei? striatum substantia nigra pars compacta subthalamic nucleus globus pallidus
The va/vl thalamic nucleus are under the tonic (constant) inhibition of the globus pallidus.
Therefore, the subthalamus is disinhibited as a result of the striatum's functional inhibition of the external globus pallidus. Because of this, the subthalamic neurons become more active, stimulating the globus pallidus' internal segment, which ultimately suppresses the thalamic nuclei. The indirect pathway produces, or reinforces, the normal inhibition of the thalamus, whereas the direct pathway results in the dysregulation of a thalamus nucleus (inhibition of one cell on a target cell that subsequently inhibits the first cell). The principal output of the BG is provided by GABAergic neurons of the pars reticulata, which inhibit thalamic neurons, as well as dopaminergic nucleus of the pars compacta, which regulate thalamic excitability. Together, these two types of neurons make up the substantia nigra (SN).
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When microbes enter through a minor skin wound, resident ______ in the tissues destroy them. If these microbes are not rapidly cleared, the resident cells secrete _______ to recruit _______ for extra help.macrophages; cytokines; neutrophils
When microbes enter through a minor skin wound, resident macrophages in the tissues may destroy them. If these microbes are not cleared, the resident cells secrete cytokines to recruit neutrophils for extra help.
Numerous cell-surface receptors on neutrophils and macrophages enable pathogen recognition and engulfment. Among them are receptors that recognize patterns, like TLRs. Infection from a wound results from harmful microbes that live and multiply there. Infections at the site of a wound hinder and occasionally stop the healing process.
The microbes that infect wounds the most frequently are bacteria, and it is typical for a wound to have multiple bacterial infections. Coryneform bacteria, hemolytic streptococci, and S. aureus are the most prevalent primary skin pathogens. Usually, a skin break, such as an insect bite, allows these organisms to enter.
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What is one way radon destroys genetic information in lung tissue cells?\
A. Radon breaks up genetic information in DNA with high energy waves.
B. Radon destroys RNA in the cells nucleus.
C. Radon causes oxygen to to heat up and expand in the lungs which destroys the lung tissue.
I think its a or b but pls help me :P
One way that radon destroys genetic information in lung tissue cells is:
Radon breaks up genetic information in DNA with high-energy waves; option A.What is Radon?Radon is an element that is found in group 18 or 8A of the periodic table. The symbol of chemical symbol for radon is Rn and the atomic number is 86. The group 18 elements are all gases and are known as noble gases
Radon is radioactive, colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
Because of its radioactive nature, exposure to radon gas can cause damage to DNA resulting in mutations.
Radon causes mutation of DNA because it produces ionizing radiation that enters the cell's nucleus and causes damage to the DNA.
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In population genetics, for a locus with two alleles, we use the variable q to indicate.
For a location with two alleles, the frequency of the recessive allele is represented by the variable q in population genetics.
Why does population genetics matter?We have the chance to take a step back and see how genetic change has changed over time thanks to population genetics. We can start to see how outside forces might spark the development of a trait by comparing populations to one another (and to themselves).
On what does population genetics primarily focus?Group genetics' main objective is to provide an explanation for behavioral variations among members of a given population. Increased understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to these disparities is a goal of behavior geneticists.
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Proteins are an important part of all organism’s structure and functioning. The biomolecule responsible for holding the blueprints to make all of these proteins is found in which biomolecule?
A- Nucleic acids
B- Fatty acids
C- Amino acids
D- Carbohydrates
in a cloning experiment, you use a vector that contains a lacz gene near the unique restriction site. if the competent cells are grown on x-gal and iptg, which colonies would contain a gene of interest?
In a cloning experiment, one uses a vector that contains a lacZ gene near the unique restriction site. The white colonies would contain chromosomal DNA if the competent cells are grown on x-gal and IPTG.
The LacZ gene is in charge of making the beta-galactosidase enzyme. The mRNA fragment responsible for the manufacture of -galactosidase is encoded by the lacZ gene. Galactose and glucose are produced as a result of the enzyme's action on lactose.
While IPTG, or isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, causes the transcription of genes from the lac as well as tac operons in bacteria, X-Gal, or 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl-beta-D-Galactoside, is a chromogenic substrate for the beta-galactosidase enzyme that produces a blue precipitate on hydrolysis.
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Which type of change caused the new combination of traits in Gametes B and C?
The new combination is a change in the chromosome composition due to crossing-over.
The new combination is a change in the chromosome number due to nondisjunction.
The new combination is an alteration in the number of sugars in DNA.
The new combination is an alteration in the chemical composition of a gene.
plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which could partially or totally block the blood flow. this process is called .
The process that causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, is called as Atherosclerosis.
Plaques can purpose an artery to grow to be narrowed or blocked. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. Plaques and blood clots can lessen blood float thru an artery. Coronary artery ailment begins offevolved while fats, cholesterols and different materials acquire at the internal partitions of the coronary heart arteries.
Atherosclerosis is a not unusualplace circumstance that develops while a sticky substance known as plaque builds up inner your arteries. Disease connected to atherosclerosis is the main purpose of demise withinside the United States. About 1/2 of of Americans among a while forty five and eighty four have atherosclerosis and do not know it.
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How can a Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram be used to show the evolution of a star?
2. Explain how different versions of a gene determine whether or not a person has hemophilia?
The individual would have hemophilia if he has a dominant gene for hemophilia .
What is gene?The gene is the unit of inheritance that is found in the chromosome. We know that genes were the factors that Mendel talked about in his experiment. As such, when we talk about inheritance we have to think of these genes.
We also have to recall that genes occur in pairs. The pairs of the genes are called alleles. A pair of alleles would contain to genes. One gene would be dominant and the other would be recessive. The combination of the genes would determine the traits that would be expressed by the individual.
Thus the fact that the person possesses the dominant gene for hemophilia means that the trait would be observed in the person.
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The fungus pictured belongs to the one fungal phylum (Chytridiomycota) that has flagellated cells in its life cycle. The character state should be considered primitive since flagella are also found in more distantly related organisms such as animals. Thus, other fungi presumably belong to one or a few lineages that have lost the flagellum. True False
True. Flagella can be present in all direction of the organism or maybe absent totally.
Flagella is a locomotory appendage of most of the bacteria. As according to the question, primitively fungi used to have flagella but since lineages they evolved and lost it.
The vegetative body of a fungus is a unicellular or multicellular thallus. Unicellular fungi are called yeasts. Multicellular fungi produce threadlike hyphae. Dimorphic fungi can change from the unicellular to multicellular state depending on environmental conditions.
Most members of the kingdom Fungi are nonmotile. However, flagella are produced by the spores and gametes in the primitive Phylum Chytridiomycota. The vegetative body of a fungus is a unicellular or multicellular thallus. Unicellular fungi are called yeasts. Multicellular fungi produce threadlike hyphae.
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explain why a genetically engineered plasmid would be engineered with ampicillin resistance and the lacz gene?
If the bacteria develops on an ampicillin plate and becomes blue as a result of the lacZ gene's hydrolysis of x-gal, this offers two forms of evidence that the bacteria has indeed incorporated the plasmid.
The majority of bacteria are free-living, omnipresent organisms that frequently just have one biological cell. They make up a sizable group of prokaryotic bacteria. Bacteria, which are typically a few micrometers long and were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, are found in most of its habitats. A plasmid is a little DNA molecule found inside a cell that can replicate on its own while being physically distinct from chromosomal DNA. Plasmids are used in recombinant DNA technology as cloning vectors for transferring and modifying genes because of their capacity for autonomous replication.
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Which method does NOT introduce pollution to water?
A. agriculture
B. municipal
C. industrial
D. rain
Rain water method does NOT introduce pollution to water.
Why rain water is not introduce pollution to water?Rainwater is initially clean, but after it hits the ground and mixes with impurities, it becomes wastewater. So, whereas wastewater may be reused after being purified, rainfall cannot be reused since it is pure from the start.
Rainwater is typically devoid of hazardous pollutants, making it acceptable for irrigation. Another significant advantage is that it promotes aquifer productivity, which raises groundwater levels and decreases the requirement for potable water.
So, rain water method does not introduce pollution to water.
correct option: D
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Is a reduction division which produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
Half of the chromosomes found in somatic cells, or the body's typical diploid cells, are found in gametes. Meiosis, a type of cell division that cuts the number of chromosomes in a parent diploid cell in half, produces haploid gametes.
Meiosis I, as was mentioned earlier, is the initial round of nuclear division that takes place during the development of gametes. Due to the fact that the resulting cells have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell, it is also referred to as the reduction division.
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Which type of atom is typically released when a uv photon interacts with a chlorofluorocarbon?.
A chlorine atom is generally produced when a UV photon interacts with a chlorofluorocarbon.
When a UV photon interacts with a CFC, the connection between the chlorine and fluorine atoms is broken, resulting in the release of a chlorine atom.
What exactly are chlorofluorocarbons?
Are a class of synthetic compounds that comprise carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. They are known to be extremely harmful to the ozone layer and are primarily released into the atmosphere through the use of aerosol products, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems.
What are the primary sources of CFC gas?
Chlorofluorocarbons were released into the air by refrigerators, air conditioners, various sprays, fire extinguishers, and paints. And this emission contributed to the ozone layer's depletion.
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The wall of the bladder has four layers. Which of the following layers contains a membrane that prevents reabsorption of urine stored in the bladder?
Mucosal
Adventitia
Detrusor
Connective tissue
Mucosal layer prevents the reabsorption of urine stored in the bladder.
What are the layers in the wall of urine ?
The wall of the urinary bladder has four layers. From the inside towards the outside they are: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia. The outside layer is either serosa or adventitia.
The inner lining of the urinary bladder is a mucous membrane of transitional epithelium that is continuous with that in the ureters. When the bladder is empty, the mucosa has numerous folds called rugae. The rugae and transitional epithelium allow the bladder to expand as it fills.
Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney. Two ureters. These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
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You want to fertilize a large tree with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). Discuss the importance of fertilizer placement for each of these elements for successful fertilization.
In commercial fertilizers, the "Big 3" primary nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, or NPK. These essential elements all have a significant impact on plant nutrition.
Plants absorb nitrogen more than any other element in fertilizers, making it the most crucial nutrient. For plants to grow and thrive, large quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are required. Plants that are nourished properly are more prolific and healthy. But if you don't add fertilizer, your soil could not provide enough nutrients for maximum development. Because it promotes root, stock, and fruit growth, phosphorus is essential for crop growth. Crop soil deficient in phosphorus will result in flimsy plants that are prone to withering, discolouration, and subpar fruit. In order for water to be retained and absorbed in agricultural soil, potassium is essential.
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A homozygous blue eye person is crossed with a homozygous brown eye person what are genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
All the offspring produced from this cross will have the same phenotype which is brown eyes and the genotype will be heterozygous (Bb).
What is a genetic cross?Genetic crosses are made using Punnett squares to show how likely the offspring are to inherit the characteristics from their parents.
In the given question, a homozygous blue eye person with the genotype bb is crossed with a homozygous brown eye person with the genotype BB. Therefore, the genotype and phenotype of the offspring produced can be shown through Punnett square.
The allele B (brown eye) is dominant over the allele b (blue eye). Therefore, all the offspring produced will have brown eyes with the heterozygous genotype i.e., Bb.
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