Anthony Hoffnagle was well until after 6 months of age when he was hospitalized for pneumonia 5 times in the same year. A consultation with an immunologist revealed normal numbers of B cells and T cells, slightly elevated IgM, and a marked decrease in IgG and IgA. He was diagnosed with X-linked hyper IgM syndrome. Based upon the information in the previous questions, what is the most important gene that might be defective that would result in lack of class switch to IgG or IgA

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

CD40L  

Explanation:

The CD40 ligand (CD40L) protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed on activated T cells and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. The hyper IgM syndrome is caused by mutations in the CD40L gene, where the defective protein can no longer bind CD40 on antigen-presenting cells. The X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome is characterized by abnormal levels of immunoglobulins, i.e., low levels of IgG and IgA, and increased/normal levels of IgM. Because CD40L gene is located on the X chromosome, this disorder is observed much more frequently in males than in females.


Related Questions

draw and explain what a food web is​

Answers

Answer:

A food chain shows you how one organism eats another and transfers its energy.

Explanation:

For example, a zebra eats grass, and the zebra is eaten by the lion.

Answer:

A food web is basically multiple food chains. It shows what organisms eat and what organisms prey on other organisms.

what are bioactive molecules

Answers

Answer:

Bio-active molecules that are basically molecules that are which is produced as a result of microbial activities. These molecules can be in different forms such as enzymes, chemical compounds and organic acids. Some examples are proteases, streptokinases, lipases and pectinases.

I hope this helps you

Bio-active molecules are the molecules are which are produced as a result of microbial activities. They can be in the form of enzymes, chemical compounds and organic acids. Examples include proteases, streptokinases, lipases and pectinases.

What causes coral bleaching?(1 point)

High water temperatures boil coral polyps, causing them to turn white in color.

Water acidity and high water temperatures make coral polyps more prone to infection, causing them to turn white in color.

High water temperatures and water acidity cause coral polyps to expel algae, causing them to turn white in color.

Water acidity causes coral polyps to lose their photosynthetic abilities, causing them to turn white in color.

Answers

high water temperatures and water acidity cause coral polyps to expel algae, causing them to turn white in color

High water temperatures and water acidity cause coral polyps to expel

algae, causing them to turn white in color.

What is Bleaching?

This is the process in which a surface is whitened by the removal of its

natural color.

In coral polyps which are found in water, they experience bleaching

through high water temperatures and water acidity.

Read more about Bleaching here https://brainly.com/question/1222498

Each of the following traits is found in a bipedal hominin EXCEPT: Group of answer choices A c-shaped spine. A bowl shaped pelvis. A femur that angles inwards at the knee. A non-divergent hallux.

Answers

Answer:

A c-shaped spine.

Explanation:

The correct answer is - A c-shaped spine.

Reason -

A c-shaped spine is a trait of Quadri-pedal spine not of bipedal spine.

What might happen if the copying of the DNA
during mitosis is done improperly?

Answers

Answer:

it can produce two types of errors or mutations. cancer occurs when mutated cells ignore or override the normal "checkpoints" regulating mitosis and begin  to reproduce uncontrollably

I am one of four main types of tissue. I join, protect, and support organs. What kind of tissue am i
Epithelial tissue

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

Connective tissue

Answers

Answer:   The connective tissue

Explanation:

Protects the seed. Grows around the seed.

Answers

What is the question?

The population of deer in Grand Canyon National Park increased from 4,000 to 65,000 between 1905 and 1920. This increase in deer population was due to a ban on hunting and the low populations of natural predators of the deer.

What changes did the deer in the park most likely experience since 1920?


The deer population likely reached its carrying capacity and ceased growth due to a lack of food.

The deer population likely reached its carrying capacity and ceased growth due to a lack of food.,

The deer population likely reached its carrying capacity but continued to grow due to a lack of predators.
The deer population likely reached its carrying capacity but continued to grow due to a lack of predators.

The deer population likely reached its carrying capacity and ceased growth due to its low reproduction rate.
The deer population likely reached its carrying capacity and ceased growth due to its low reproduction rate.

The deer population likely reached its carrying capacity but continued to grow due to the availability of space.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is The deer population likely reached its carrying capacity and ceased growth due to a lack of food.

Explanation:

In a wave, what is a distance between two crests or two troughs called?
is the distance between two crests or two troughs.

Answers

Answer:

the distance between 2 crests & 2 troughs is known as wavelength

Explanation:

Answer:

Wavelength

Explanation:

PLATO trust me

GIVING 2000 PTS AFTER U ANSWER IT MUST BE CORRECT A stalled front (not moving) that may bring many days of clouds and precipitation is a(n)____________.
Question 1 options:

cold front


warm front


occluded front


stationary front

Question 2 (1 point)
Saved


An air mass, shown in the image above, that forms over parts of Mexico, Texas, and Arizona will be a _______.

Question 2 options:

continental polar air mass


continental tropical air mass


maritime polar air mass


maritime tropical air mass

Question 3 (1 point)
Saved
Prevailing westerlies are global winds responsible for most weather in our region of the United States moving from west to east.

Question 3 options:
True
False
Question 4 (1 point)
What causes a land breeze at the beach?

Question 4 options:

At night, cooler air over land replaces rising warmer air over water.


At night cooler air over water replaces rising warmer air over land.


During the day, cooler air over land forces warmer air over water to rise.

Question 5 (1 point)


Based on the weather map above, which statement is true based on the weather map?

Question 5 options:

A warm front is moving toward South Carolina.


A warm front just passed through South Carolina.


It is currently raining in South Carolina.


The next few days in South Carolina should be colder.

Question 6 (1 point)
Saved


Which type of local wind is illustrated in the image above?

Question 6 options:

Global wind


warm wind


land breeze


sea breeze

Answers

Answer:

1) stationary front  2) Continental tropical air mass 3) False, that would be trade winds 4) At night cooler air over water replaces rising warmer air over land. (option b) 5) there aint no map mayne 6) again aint no picture

Explanation:

jus trust. looked it up

Why would an aquatic organism need a contractile vacuole?

Answers

Answer:

Contractile vacuoles protect a cell from absorbing too much water and potentially exploding by excreting excess water. Wastes, such as ammonia, are soluble in water; they are excreted from the cell along with excess water by the contractile vacuoles

Explanation:

Hope it helps!

If you dont mind can you please mark me as brainlest?

Stem cells can make many copies of themselves through the process of ________. This process results in daughter cells that are ____________ the parent cells. The unspecialized cells can become specialized through the process of _______________.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

1. mitosis

2. clones

3. differentation

Stem cells can make many copies of themselves through the process of mitosis, which is a type of cell division.

What are stem cells?

Stem cell are undifferentiated cells that produce specialized cells and their initial division results in daughter cells that are clones of the parent cells.

The unspecialized cells can become specialized through the process of differentiation.

In conclusion, stem cells can make many copies of themselves through the process of mitosis.

Learn more on stem cells here:

https://brainly.com/question/18243320

#SPJ2

At a deep sea whale fall, the Atlantic hagfish, the crustaceans, and the sand make up which of the following?

Answers

Answer:

I would say part of an ecosystem and community.

Explanation:

An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment .In the bottom of the sea,there are already many animals living here and when the whale fall appears at the bottom of the ocean it becomes apart of the ecosystem as it provides them with food.

This is because when a whale dies, its body often falls to the seafloor. The whale's body then becomes food and shelter for organisms in the deep sea. This is called a whale fall. A deep-sea whale  fall might support 200 different species for as long as 10 years! Larger species, such as Atlantic hagfish, are the first to arrive to feed  on the whale flesh. Later, smaller species of snails and crustaceans come to eat the remaining flesh. Worms burrow into the sand beneath  the whale body, and bacteria feed on the whale bones.

Answer:

Part of an ecosystem

Explanation:

The Atlantic hagfish and the crustaceans are living organisms. The sand is a nonliving part of the environment. An ecosystem is made up of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment. So, the Atlantic hagfish, the crustaceans, and the sand make up part of an ecosystem.

which of the following is a gas at room temperature

A. jello
B. milk
C. helium
D. popcorn

Answers

Answer is c , good luck <3

How many million years ago did all of North America move north of the Equator?

Answers

Answer:

not sure tbh

Explanation:

...................... Sorry I'm running low on points

Organisms must have which of the following to make proteins and amino acids

Answers

Answer:

The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Hope it helps

What causes a direct rise in CO2 emissions?
A. burning more fossil fuels
B.population growth
C.increased solar activity
D.shrinking habitats

Answers

Answer:

A. burning more fossil fuels

Explanation:

The majority of direct emissions are caused by the use of fossil fuels for energy Indirect emissions are caused by the use of fossil fuels to generate electricity, which is then used by an industrial facility to power industrial buildings and machinery. The majority of direct emissions are generated by the use of fossil fuels for electricity. Indirect emissions are emitted when fossil fuels are burned to generate energy, which is then used to power industrial buildings and machinery by an industrial facility.

If 2 white dogs mate and produce a brown puppy what color is dominant

Answers

Answer:

When dogs breed, the mother and father each randomly contribute one allele from ... The production of melanin is not always at a steady rate so the tip of a dog's hair ... There are two brown alleles, B (dominant brown) and b (recessive brown). ... color patterns such as piebald, particolor, and extreme white which produce ...

Explanation:

Answer:

well the brown was probably recessive so the white is dominant

Explanation:

I'm not sure

In grapes, the wild-type DND1 gene confers resistance to attain viruses, and strains are susceptible to viruses. The EDS1 gene confers resistance to powdery mildew, a type of fungal infection. The genes are linked, eight map units apart on chromosome 17. A third gene, IR 1. imparts resistance to certain lepidopteran leafminers and is 10 map units from EDS1 and 18 map units from UNDI The abserved double crossover rate is 0.3%. What is the interference?
a. 37.5%
b. 25.%
c. 62.5%
d. 75%

Answers

Answer:

I = 62.5%

Explanation:

Available data:

the wild-type DND1 gene confers resistance to attain viruses. Strains are susceptible to virusesThe EDS1 gene confers resistance to powdery mildew, a type of fungal infection The genes are linked, eight map units apart on chromosomeA third gene, IR 1. imparts resistance to certain lepidopteran leafminers and is 10 map units from EDS1 and 18 map units from DNDIThe observed double crossover rate is 0.3%

According to this information, we can picture the position of each gene in the chromosome

---DND1----------------------EDS1-----------------------------------IR1---

       ║---------- 8MU---------║------------------10MU-------------║

       ║------------------------------18MU------------------------------║

The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product.

1% of recombinations = 1 map unit = 1cM. The maximum recombination frequency is always 50%.

So, if we know the distances between genes, we know their recombination percentages.

DND1-EDS1 = 8 MU = 8% recombinationEDSI-IR1 = 10 MU = 10% recombination

To calculate interference, first, we need to know the coefficient of coincidence, CC.    

CC= observed double recombinant frequency/expected double recombinant frequency

Note:

observed double recombinant frequency=total number of observed double recombinant individuals/total number of individuals expected double recombinant frequency: recombination frequency in region I x recombination frequency in region II.

CC= (0.003)/(0.08 x 0.1)

CC=0.003/0.008

CC=0.375

CC = 37.5%

The coefficient of interference, I, is complementary with CC.

I = 1 - CC

I = 1 - 0.375

I = 0.625

I = 62.5%

   

A man with blood type AB marries a woman who is heterozygous for B blood. Among the
blood types of their children, how many different genotypes and phenotypes are possible

Answers

They would get type b blood and a 50% chance in get A or AB blood type

WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!

Why do you build up a static charge when you rub your shoes across the carpet?

A. Electrons rub off of your shoes and onto the carpet

B.Electrons rub off of the carpet and onto your shoes

C.Protons rub off of your shoes and onto the carpet.

D.Protons rub off of the carpet and onto your shoes.

Answers

Answer:

B.Electrons rub off of the carpet and onto your shoes

Explanation:

Uranium-236 is used in the H-bomb o created by fusion reacions an unstable isotope of uranium created from four hydrogen atoms​

Answers

Answer:

0-0

Explanation:

Answer:

I think it is the 4th one I did this and thats what I answered it might be wron though sorry if it is

The human eye is filled with a clear fluid called the aqueous humor. The production, flow, and drainage of this fluid is an active and continuous process which keeps the healthy eye at an intraocular pressure of about 15 mmHg. If the drainage becomes obstructed, fluid accumulates in the eye resulting in an increase of this pressure to the 25 to 50 mmHg range and the clinical onset of glaucoma. What is the pressure of 30 mmHg expressed in units of psi (pounds per square inch)

Answers

Answer:

The pressure will be "0.579 psi".

Explanation:

The given value is:

Hg,

= 30 mm

Density of mercury (Pm),

= 13600 kg/m³

As we know,

1 psi = 6895 N/m²

Now,

The pressure will be:

=  [tex]30 \ mm \ of \ Hg[/tex]

=  [tex]30\times 10^{-3}\times Pm\times g[/tex]

On substituting the given values, we get

=  [tex]30\times 10^{-3}\times 13600\times 9.8[/tex]

=  [tex]3,998,400\times 10^{-3}[/tex]

=  [tex]3,998.4 \ N/m^2[/tex]

So,

The pressure of 30 mm of Hg will be:

=  [tex]\frac{3,998.4}{6895}[/tex]

=  [tex]0.579 \ psi[/tex]

Two types of bone markings are:
A) Projections and depressions
B) Indentations and holes
C) Depressions and bumps
D) None of these

Answers

A. Projections and Depressions :)

What type of rock is Mount Kinabalu made of?

Answers

It is made of ultra basic rocks:))

which of the following is a liquid at room temperature?

A. milk
B. jello
C. helium
D. popcorn

will give brainliest

Answers

Answer:

I'm thinking milk

1. A disease kills an organism that is a secondary consumer in a food web, and the organism
decays. What is the next thing that happens to the energy in the organism's body?
A. It is transferred to producers.
B. It is transferred to decomposers.
C. It is transferred to other secondary consumers.
D. It is transferred to tertiary consumers.

Answers

Answer:

it is transferred to producers

Explanation:

it is transferred to the producers

What are the reactants of glucose?
1 point

Answers

Glucose and oxygen are the reactants and the end products are carbon dioxide and water with the liberation of energy in form of ATP.

Answer:

Explanation:

Food (glucose)

Smooth muscles are found mainly in the _______
A)Walls of the cardiac muscles
B)Walls of the chest
C)Walls of hollow organs
D)Walls of the lumbar spine

Answers

Answer: A wallah of the cardiac muscles

I hope this helps you with your stuff !


18. Which tool of the biologist is more suitable for culturing bacteria in the
laboratory?
A. Test tubes
C. Perti dishes
B. Microscopes
D. Beakers​

Answers

Answer:

I think C. Petri dishes

Explanation:

"The most common growth media nutrient broths (liquid nutrient medium) or LB medium (Lysogeny Broth) are liquid. These are often mixed with agar and poured into Petri dishes to solidify. These agar plates provide a solid medium on which microbes may be cultured."-https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-microbiology/chapter/culturing-bacteria/

I hope this helps!

i believe the answer is C because whenever someone tests something for bacteria, they take the swab and rub it on a petri dish.
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