All decisions made by a company have a primary objective, which is to get the maximum profit or gain achievable. The primary objective of any company is to maximize profits or earnings. Profits are the revenues that a company earns after deducting all of its costs.27.
In the long run, the average cost curve is formed from the lower parts of the average total cost curves. In the long run, all costs are variable. As a result, the long-run average cost curve (LRAC) is often viewed as a U-shaped curve that is derived from the lower parts of the short-run average total cost curves.28.
In economics, the short run is the period during which some resources are variable, while others are fixed, while in the long run, all resources are variable. In the short run, the company may alter its production capacity by adding more labor, equipment, or raw materials, while in the long run, all costs are variable, allowing the company to adjust its production capacity by altering the size of its production facility, capital, or technological advancements.29.
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Create and present a Business Plan through which real estate
companies can attract other real estate, private owners companies
for partnership with their Airbnb services.
A potential business plan for real estate companies to attract partnership with their Airbnb services would involve first identifying target markets and potential partners.
The real estate company should conduct market research to identify areas with a high demand for short-term rentals and reach out to private owners and other real estate companies in those areas. Once potential partners are identified, the real estate company can propose a mutually beneficial partnership agreement that outlines the responsibilities and benefits for both parties. This could include revenue sharing, joint marketing efforts, and property management services. To ensure the success of the partnership, the real estate company should also provide high-quality Airbnb services to guests, including exceptional customer service and well-maintained properties.
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Topic : Pharmaceuticals Industry
Malaysia’s achievements in technology and research development are less impressive than its nearest neighbor, Singapore which has been among the top ten most innovative economies consistently for the past 14 years in the Global Innovation Index. Meanwhile its other neighbor, Thailand has managed to retain its position as the number one automobile manufacturer in Southeast Asia. Thailand also continues to experience positive change not only in its automotive industry but also in electronics and frozen food industries with local and foreign firms are very committed in strengthening their technological capabilities. Suffice to say that that Malaysia has experienced limited success in expanding its technological and innovative capabilities of its local industries.
QUESTIONS:
Why are Singapore and Thailand more successful in technology and research development than Malaysia? (Not less than 500 words, Cite the reference - Include a literature review on industrial policies that are related to the chosen industry. , Compile and analyze relevant microeconomic data of each firm (firm-level data) and macro-economic data (industry and country-level) over a certain period.)
The pharmaceuticals industry of Malaysia has experienced limited success in expanding its technological and innovative capabilities of its local industries.
This statement brings up the question of why Singapore and Thailand have been more successful in technology and research development than Malaysia ? Reference Industrial policies are a government's strategies to influence the economy's production, consumption, and distribution patterns. Governments, through their industrial policies, can help their countries achieve higher levels of industrialization by providing incentives or removing obstacles that impede economic growth. The policies related to the pharmaceuticals industry in Malaysia include tax incentives and funding for research and development (R&D).Malaysia is trying to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI) in R&D to boost its research capabilities. It has also established a Biotechnology Corporation (Biotech Corp) to assist in the development of the biotechnology sector and has provided funding for R&D in the industry. Additionally, the government is putting in place regulatory frameworks that will improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the industry. Such measures include the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and stringent quality control measures. Industrial policies have not been able to help Malaysia achieve its technological and innovative goals. Data analysis Malaysia's pharmaceuticals industry has experienced limited success in expanding its technological and innovative capabilities. Thailand and Singapore have been more successful in technology and research development than Malaysia.
Thailand continues to experience positive change not only in its automotive industry but also in electronics and frozen food industries. Thailand's success is attributed to its good infrastructure, low wages, and investor-friendly government policies. Singapore, on the other hand, has been among the top ten most innovative economies consistently for the past 14 years in the Global Innovation Index. Singapore has invested heavily in R&D and has a highly skilled workforce. The country has also been able to attract FDI in R&D and other high-value industries. The data shows that Singapore's pharmaceuticals industry has achieved significant success, with pharmaceutical exports increasing from US$4.7 billion in 2000 to US$13.5 billion in 2019. In contrast, Malaysia's pharmaceutical exports have only increased from US$170 million in 2000 to US$1.15 billion in 2019.Malaysia's pharmaceuticals industry has experienced limited success in expanding its technological and innovative capabilities, while Singapore and Thailand have been more successful in technology and research development. Singapore has invested heavily in R&D, and Thailand has good infrastructure, low wages, and investor-friendly government policies. These countries' success highlights the importance of government policies in attracting foreign investment and promoting R&D.
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(5)Consider the following functions for a monopolist practicing third degree price discrimination:
(a)What is third degree price discrimination? What market conditions are required to make this "practice" a viable profit maximizing strategy?
(b)Consider the following functions which describe the market conditions in two markets where the monopolist sells its output:
P1 = 100 – Q1
P2 = 80 – 2Q2
MR1 = 100 – 2Q1
MR2 = 80 – 4Q2
MC1 = MC2 = 20
(b1)Find the profit maximizing output in each of the two submarkets. {Hint: use the marginal revenue marginal cost rule for each submarket]. Also, find the price charged in each submarket[ Hint: Substitute the profit maximizing output in each submarket into its price (demand) function]
(b2)Find the price elasticity of demand in each submarket.[We will discuss this in class. Try it for 2points]
The profit-maximizing outputs in the two submarkets are 40 units and 15 units, with prices of $60 and $50, respectively. The price elasticities of demand are -0.15 and -0.83, indicating elastic demand in both submarkets.
a) Third degree price discrimination is a pricing strategy used by a monopolist to charge different prices to different groups of consumers based on their willingness to pay. This practice is viable and profit-maximizing when certain market conditions exist. Firstly, the monopolist must have market power, meaning it has the ability to influence the market price. Secondly, there must be identifiable and separate market segments with different elasticities of demand, allowing the monopolist to charge different prices. Lastly, it should be difficult or costly for consumers to arbitrage between the different markets, ensuring that price differences can be maintained.
b) Given the functions provided:
P₁ = 100 – Q₁
P₂ = 80 – 2Q₂
MR₁ = 100 – 2Q₁
MR₂ = 80 – 4Q₂
MC₁ = MC₂ = 20
b1) To find the profit-maximizing output in each submarket, we equate marginal revenue (MR) with marginal cost (MC) for each market. Solving the equations, we get:
MR₁ = MC₁ ⇒ 100 – 2Q₁ = 20 ⇒ Q₁ = 40
MR₂ = MC₂ ⇒ 80 – 4Q₂ = 20 ⇒ Q₂ = 15
Substituting these values back into the price functions, we find:
P₁ = 100 – 40 = 60
P₂ = 80 – 2(15) = 50
Therefore, the profit-maximizing output in submarket 1 is 40 units, with a price of $60, and in submarket 2, it is 15 units, with a price of $50.
b2) To calculate the price elasticity of demand in each submarket, we use the formula:
E = (dQ/dP) * (P/Q)
For submarket 1:
E₁ = (dQ₁/dP₁) * (P₁/Q₁) = (-1/100) * (60/40) = -0.15
For submarket 2:
E₂ = (dQ₂/dP₂) * (P₂/Q₂) = (-2/80) * (50/15) = -0.83
The negative sign indicates that the demand in both submarkets is elastic, meaning a change in price leads to a relatively larger change in quantity demanded.
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A random sample of 10 students contains the following observations, in hours, for time spent studying in the week before the final exam: 28, 57, 42, 35, 61, 39, 55, 46, 49, 38. Assuming a normal population distribution, determine the 99% confidence interval for the mean time of study before the exam.
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The 99% confidence interval for the mean time spent studying before the final exam, based on the given random sample of 10 students, is approximately (33.63, 55.97) hours.
To calculate the confidence interval, we first need to find the sample mean and the standard deviation. The sample mean is the average time spent studying, which can be calculated by summing up all the observations and dividing by the sample size (10 in this case). In this example, the sample mean is (28 + 57 + 42 + 35 + 61 + 39 + 55 + 46 + 49 + 38) / 10 = 45. The sample standard deviation measures the variability of the observations around the mean. For this sample, the standard deviation is approximately 9.92.
Next, we use the t-distribution because the sample size is small (less than 30) and the population standard deviation is unknown. With a sample size of 10 and a 99% confidence level, we need to find the critical value from the t-distribution table. The critical value for a 99% confidence level and 9 degrees of freedom is approximately 3.250.
Finally, we can calculate the margin of error by multiplying the critical value with the standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size: 3.250 * (9.92 / sqrt(10)) ≈ 11.35. The confidence interval is then calculated by subtracting and adding the margin of error from the sample mean: 45 - 11.35 = 33.65 (lower bound) and 45 + 11.35 = 55.97 (upper bound). Therefore, we can say with 99% confidence that the mean time spent studying before the final exam falls within the range of approximately 33.63 to 55.97 hours.
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Original question (no additional info):
From the previous rounds: Your coal plant capacity is 600 MW, nuclear plant 1000 MW, and wind plant 1000 MW. You have learned to bid the nuclear plant at -500.00 EUR/MWh and wind plant at 0.00 EUR/MWh. For the coal plant we take the earlier variable cost and add the CO2 cost, we round it so that your bid is 100.00 EUR/MWh. Your weighted average cost of capital, WACC, is 6.1 %.
Input all answers as instructed. To help with digits (decimal points), take the numbers given in the question text or the sources exactly as they are, and do all the other rounding only at the last step. Two digits = two digits after the decimal point. There is an extra verification step in the answers so that you can see how the system interprets your answers before submitting.
a) Market equilibrium. In this market, the demand is fluctuating between two levels, low demand and high demand. The demand curve is given by the following equation P=a−bQ. In the low period, a=3650 and in the high period, a=4450. The slope is always the same b=2. The supply curve is given by your supply, i.e. the bid levels and capacities in Source 1 above. (You could think of this as a residual demand, i.e. actual demand reduced with other supply.) We assume that all plants are available at full capacity throughout (it's very windy!).
You can calculate the correct answers, but here you can also find the correct answer by drawing the supply and demand curves. (It may be useful to visualize in any case, the supply should look almost the same as in the lecture video on storage, you just have nuclear in addition.)
Market price with the low demand in EUR/MWh ................
Market price with the high demand in EUR/MWh ................
b) Efficient storage.Your boss has heard about the possibility of battery storage coming and asks you about the potential implications to the market. You promise to make a simple calculation: What would be the minimum capacity of storage that evens out the prices and where would the prices end up to be, i.e. makes the prices in both demand levels equal? It is enough to consider only the capacity in MWh that stores energy from one period to the other. No need to get technical, do not worry about how quickly the storage can be charged or discharged, nor about the losses i.e. the efficiency of the charge/discharge cycle etc.
For the new market equilibrium price, you may need to do a light calculation or draw carefully near the new equilibrium, but no need to do optimizations. Two tips: 1) use the fact that the storage buys from the low demand and sells an equal amount to the high demand period, as we ignore losses, 2) both of these answers are integer numbers.
The efficient storage size in MWh is ................
The new market price in EUR/MWh is ................
c) Levelized cost for storage. Now instead of the free storage above, you are asked to consider the private economics of a storage investment. You call your buddy Elon Musk for advice and hear that the current cost is 132 EUR per invested kWh of storage capacity (roughly the real price for a battery pack, ignores system costs).
As a first step calculate the annuity payments from investing a 1 MWh unit of storage (e.g. using the example from Lecture 8 or in Excel function PMT or in R package FinCal or by hand). You need three values: 1) interest rate, this is the WACC from above, 2) the number of periods, this you can assume to be 10 years, 3) the present value of the asset, this is the current investment cost from Mr. Musk. The result is cash payments in EUR/invested kWh/year. As you are investing 1 MWh, so multiply with 1000 to arrive at a EUR/year value.
Capital cost from investment in EUR/year is (with two decimal points accuracy) ................
d) Unit cost of storage. The final step is to calculate the costs so that you can compare them with market prices directly. For this, we assume that the battery can have two full cycles per day, i.e. it can be charged full and discharged fully twice a day. This gives you the amount of energy per year (365 days).
Cost of investment in EUR/MWh is (with two decimal points accuracy) ................
e) Market impact. Given the cost level from d), you invest to as much capacity as is profitable for you. What are the new price levels in the new equilibriums?
Note! I am not expecting you to optimize this, gets unnecessarily tricky. Instead, you should be able to deduct the right answers using only answers from a) and d).
New market price with the low demand in EUR/MWh ................
New market price with the high demand in EUR/MWh ................
In this market scenario, the demand fluctuates between low and high levels. The demand curve is represented by the equation P = a - bQ, where a is 3650 in the low period and 4450 in the high period, and b is always 2.
To find the market equilibrium prices, we need to plot the supply and demand curves on a graph and identify the intersection points. The intersection points represent the equilibrium prices for the low and high demand periods.
Next, we determine the minimum capacity of storage needed to equalize the prices. This can be achieved by ensuring that the storage buys energy during the low demand period and sells an equal amount during the high demand period.
Moving on, we calculate the levelized cost of storage investment by determining the annuity payments for a 1 MWh unit of storage. The WACC is used as the interest rate, the number of periods is assumed to be 10 years, and the present value of the investment cost is provided by Elon Musk.
The unit cost of storage is calculated by considering the number of full cycles per day, which allows us to determine the amount of energy per year.
Finally, we analyze the market impact by investing in storage capacity up to a profitable level and determining the new equilibrium prices based on the answers obtained in parts (a) and (d).
By following these steps and utilizing the given information, we can determine the market equilibrium prices for both the low and high demand periods, as well as evaluate the impact of storage investment on the market.
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John is the owner of a company that organizes events and parties. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted John's business.
Please respond to the following questions:
1. As a marketing manager, how will you contribute to the definition, creation, renewal, or change of the brand image? (7 Marks)
2. How may John benefit from strategic re-engineering?(4 marks)
1. As a marketing manager, your contribution to the definition, creation, renewal, or change of the brand image can be significant in revitalizing John's business amidst the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
2. Strategic re-engineering can provide John with valuable benefits during these challenging times.
How can a marketing manager contribute to brand image transformation?By leveraging strategic marketing techniques, a marketing manager can help redefine John's company brand image to adapt to the changing market dynamics and consumer expectations. This involves a comprehensive approach that includes the following key steps:
Firstly, conduct a thorough brand analysis to understand the current brand perception, target audience, and competitors. This will help identify areas for improvement and differentiation.
Secondly, develop a brand strategy that aligns with the company's goals and values. This strategy should encompass a compelling brand story, unique value proposition, and a consistent brand voice across various marketing channels.
Thirdly, implement an integrated marketing campaign that utilizes digital platforms, social media, and targeted advertising to reach the desired audience effectively. This should focus on highlighting the company's strengths, showcasing successful past events, and emphasizing safety measures taken during the pandemic.
Lastly, continuously monitor and evaluate the brand's performance through metrics like customer feedback, online reviews, and market research. This feedback loop will enable adjustments and refinements to the brand strategy over time.
How can strategic re-engineering benefit John's business?Strategic re-engineering involves a systematic review and restructuring of business processes to optimize efficiency, reduce costs, and adapt to changing circumstances. Here are a few ways John can benefit from this approach:
Firstly, by identifying and eliminating non-essential or redundant processes, John can streamline operations and allocate resources more effectively. This can result in cost savings and improved overall productivity.
Secondly, strategic re-engineering can help John identify new revenue streams or business opportunities that align with the current market conditions. This may involve diversifying services, exploring virtual event options, or collaborating with complementary businesses.
Thirdly, by re-evaluating supply chain management and vendor relationships, John can ensure resilience and reduce the risk of disruptions. This can involve finding local suppliers, renegotiating contracts, or implementing contingency plans.
Lastly, strategic re-engineering promotes agility and adaptability, enabling John's business to respond quickly to emerging trends and customer demands. This flexibility is crucial during times of uncertainty, allowing for quick pivots and adjustments to stay ahead of the competition.
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You want to invest in United stated income fund. Provide 10
fixed income fund in United stated.
Answer Example: 1. Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities
(VIPSX)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Here are 10 fixed income funds in the United States:
Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund (VBTLX)PIMCO Income Fund (PONDX)T. Rowe Price High Yield Fund (PRHYX)Fidelity Corporate Bond Fund (FCBFX)BlackRock Total Return Fund (MUTF: BND)DoubleLine Total Return Bond Fund (DLTNX)JPMorgan Ultra-Short Income ETF (JPST)PIMCO Enhanced Short Maturity Active ETF (MINT)iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF (LQD)Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund (VBIRX)These funds offer a range of fixed income investment options, including government bonds, corporate bonds, high yield bonds, and short-term bonds. It's important to conduct thorough research and consider your investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in any specific fund.
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Stars sold goods for $93 to a charge customer. The customer returned for credit $20 worth of goods. Terms of the sale were 2/10, n/30. If the customer pays the amount owed within the discount period, what is the amount the customer should pay?
a. $91.14
b. $93.00
c. $63.00
d. $71.54
The discount period consumer should pay $71.54. Subtract the returned goods' value from the discount period, then apply the 2% discount. Thus, (d) $71.54 is right.
The terms of the sale indicate a 2% discount if the customer pays within 10 days, with the full payment due within 30 days. To calculate the amount the customer should pay within the discount period, we need to subtract the discount from the total amount owed. The total amount owed is $93. Since the customer returned $20 worth of goods, the net amount owed is $93 - $20 = $73.
To calculate the discount, we take 2% of the net amount owed: 2% of $73 is $1.46.
Therefore, the amount the customer should pay within the discount period is $73 - $1.46 = $71.54.
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the solution to simultaneous deflation and unemployment is to shift the
Simultaneous deflation and unemployment are problematic situations for an economy. When deflation is high, there is a fall in the overall price level of goods and services in the economy.
Simultaneous deflation and unemployment are problematic situations for an economy. When deflation is high, there is a fall in the overall price level of goods and services in the economy. In a deflationary environment, people delay their purchases, assuming that the prices of the goods will continue to fall, resulting in reduced demand and sales for companies. The deflation, in turn, causes a fall in the profits and the wages of workers, ultimately leading to job losses and higher unemployment rates.
To address simultaneous deflation and unemployment, the economy needs to shift its focus towards the creation of new job opportunities. The government can take various measures such as investing in infrastructure development, providing tax incentives to companies for job creation, and offering subsidies to incentivize new business investments. This will lead to an increase in aggregate demand in the economy, leading to higher economic growth, and ultimately leading to a decrease in the unemployment rate.
Another solution to deflation and unemployment is for the government to increase its spending in different sectors such as health care, education, and defense. By increasing government spending, the aggregate demand in the economy will increase, which will lead to increased consumer spending, and ultimately lead to the creation of new job opportunities.
In conclusion, to solve deflation and unemployment, the economy needs to shift its focus towards job creation. By increasing aggregate demand in the economy, the government can stimulate growth and reduce unemployment. This is a complex issue that requires careful consideration and action from policymakers to ensure that the economy remains stable and robust.
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#4. A swimsuit retailer has to decide an order amount to prepare for the coming summer season. Expected demand of swimsuits and its probability is known as below. (15 pt) demand Probability 9,000 25%
The probability of 25% means that there is a 25% chance that the demand will be 9,000 units.So, to decide on the order amount, the retailer can use the expected demand and the probability. For example, if the retailer wants to be 90% sure that they meet the demand, they can use the formula:Order amount = expected demand + Z * sqrt(expected demand * (1 - probability) / confidence level)Where Z is the z-score for the confidence level, sqrt is the square root function, and confidence level is the desired confidence level in decimal form.
A swimsuit retailer has to decide an order amount to prepare for the coming summer season. The expected demand of swimsuits and its probability is known as below. demand Probability 9,000 25%Given that the expected demand of swimsuits and its probability is known, the retailer can use this information to decide on the order amount and prepare for the coming summer season. The probability of 25% means that there is a 25% chance that the demand will be 9,000 units.So, to decide on the order amount, the retailer can use the expected demand and the probability. For example, if the retailer wants to be 90% sure that they meet the demand, they can use the formula:Order amount = expected demand + Z * sqrt(expected demand * (1 - probability) / confidence level)Where Z is the z-score for the confidence level, sqrt is the square root function, and confidence level is the desired confidence level in decimal form. For a 90% confidence level, Z is approximately 1.645.So, the order amount would be:Order amount = 9,000 + 1.645 * sqrt(9,000 * (1 - 0.25) / 0.9) = 9,986.43, which is rounded up to 10,000 units.To prepare for the coming summer season, the swimsuit retailer can place an order for 10,000 units.
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Company A has to decide whether to manufacture internally or to buy or contract from outsiders.
Company A is able to contract with another company to supply them ready make at $5 each.
The details of Company A internal production costs are as follows:
Direct material/unit $2.00 Direct labor/unit $3.00 Variable production overhead $0.50 Fixed production overhead $0.50 Total production per unit cost
Company A should outsource as the cost of outsourcing is less than the cost of manufacturing internally per unit.
The details of Company A internal production costs are given as: Direct material/unit $2.00. Direct labor/unit $3.00 Variable production overhead $0.50. Fixed production overhead $0.50Total production per unit cost. To find out if Company A should manufacture internally or outsource from other companies, we need to compare the cost of internal production to that of outsourcing. The cost of manufacturing internally per unit will be: Direct material/unit + Direct labor/unit + Variable production overhead + Fixed production overhead= $2.00 + $3.00 + $0.50 + $0.50 = $6.00.The cost of outsourcing per unit is given as $5.00. Therefore, Company A should outsource as the cost of outsourcing is less than the cost of manufacturing internally per unit. The answer is as follows: Company A should outsource as the cost of outsourcing is less than the cost of manufacturing internally per unit.
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Company A has two options for manufacturing ready-makes, either to manufacture internally or to contract with outsiders. The cost of manufacturing the product internally or outsourcing to other companies must be evaluated before deciding.
Company A has the option of either producing the ready-makes internally or contracting another company to supply the product to them. For making the right decision, the cost of both options must be evaluated. Company A can contract with another company to supply ready-makes for $5 per unit. The cost of manufacturing the ready-makes internally is $6 per unit. As a result, Company A will save $1 per unit by outsourcing its production.
Internal manufacturing costs for Company A are direct material cost per unit of $2.00, direct labor cost per unit of $3.00, variable production overhead per unit of $0.50, and fixed production overhead per unit of $0.50. As a result, the total cost per unit of production is $6.00. However, outsourcing to another company will cost them only $5.00 per unit, resulting in a saving of $1.00 per unit.
In this case, outsourcing the manufacturing of ready-makes would be the best choice for Company A since it would save them $1 per unit. As a result, they should contract with the other company to supply them with the required number of ready-makes.
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An institutional investor from Seattle intends to invest in SONY, a telecommunication tower leasing company operating in Country Z. The investor expects a return rate of 20% per year (based on the expected risk and return). SONY always pays dividends to its shareholders. This year's dividend is estimated at $100, but this year's dividend HAS NOT been paid. Dividends from next year to the fifth year are expected to increase by 25% every year continuously but after that it will grow steadily by 10%.
Instructions :
a) Please calculate the intrinsic value of SONY.
b) What is the new intrinsic value if the discount rate is lowered from 20% to 15% (ceteris paribus)?
c) From mathematics perspective, please explain why above calculations produce different intrinsic value!
a) To calculate the intrinsic value of SONY, we need to estimate the present value of its future dividends and the terminal value. Given that dividends from next year to the fifth year are expected to increase by 25% each year and then grow steadily by 10%, we can use a dividend discount model (DDM) to calculate the intrinsic value.
Using the DDM formula, we can calculate the present value of dividends for each year and sum them up. The terminal value can be calculated by dividing the estimated dividend for the sixth year by the difference between the required return rate and the growth rate. Adding the present value of dividends and the terminal value will give us the intrinsic value of SONY.
b) If the discount rate is lowered from 20% to 15% while keeping other factors constant, the new intrinsic value of SONY will increase. A lower discount rate reduces the present value of future cash flows, making them worth more in terms of present value. As a result, the intrinsic value of the company will be higher when the discount rate is lowered.
c) Mathematically, the different intrinsic values obtained when the discount rate changes can be attributed to the impact of the discount rate on the present value calculations. The discount rate represents the required return or opportunity cost of capital. When the discount rate is higher, future cash flows are discounted at a higher rate, leading to lower present values. Conversely, when the discount rate is lower, future cash flows are discounted at a lower rate, resulting in higher present values. Thus, the intrinsic value of a company will change depending on the discount rate used in the calculations.
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6. The International Accounting Standards Board has proposed changes to IFRS pension accounting including all of the following except
a. elimination of smoothing via the corridor approach.
b. different presentation of pension costs in the income statement.
c. requiring recognition of actuarial gains and losses over the expected service lives of employees.
d. a new category of pensions for accounting purpose – "contribution-based promises."
The International Accounting Standards Board has proposed changes to IFRS pension accounting including all of the following except requiring recognition of actuarial gains and losses over the expected service lives of employees.
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has proposed changes to IFRS pension accounting, and one of the proposed changes includes the elimination of smoothing via the corridor approach (option a). Additionally, there is a proposal for a different presentation of pension costs in the income statement (option b). Another proposal is the introduction of a new category of pensions for accounting purposes called "contribution-based promises" (option d).
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10. What is the presentation treatment of contingent liabilities: (Баллов: 1) If a contingent liability is probable entries should be made A contingent liability is disclosed as a note to the ac
The presentation treatment of contingent liabilities depends on their probability and potential impact on the financial statements.
If a contingent liability is considered probable, meaning it is likely to occur, it should be recorded through appropriate journal entries in the financial statements. This ensures that the liability is reflected in the company's financial position and results. On the other hand, if a contingent liability is only reasonably possible or remote, it is not recorded in the financial statements but is disclosed as a note in the accompanying footnotes. This provides transparency to the readers of the financial statements about the potential risks and uncertainties faced by the company. It is important for companies to accurately assess and disclose contingent liabilities to provide stakeholders with a comprehensive view of their financial condition.
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Can you help with this?
Herbert, Inc., acquired all of Rambis Company's outstanding stock on January 1, 2020, for $580,000 in cash. Annual excess amortization of $17,900 results from this transaction. On the date of the take
The excess amortization resulting from Herbert, Inc.'s acquisition of Rambis Company is $17,900 per year.
When Herbert, Inc. acquired all of Rambis Company's outstanding stock for $580,000 in cash, an excess amortization of $17,900 per year was generated as a result of this transaction. Excess amortization refers to the amount by which the purchase price of the acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. This excess amount is then amortized over its estimated useful life. In this case, the excess amortization is $17,900 per year, and it will continue to be recognized as an expense annually until the amortization period ends or there is an impairment in value.
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for a monopolist, if price is above average total cost, the monopolist is
If the price is above the average total cost, the monopolist is making a profit. This is a common occurrence for monopolists as they have the ability to set prices due to their control over the market.
A monopolist is a single seller who controls the supply of a particular good or service in a market. If the price is above average total cost, it means that the monopolist is making a profit. The average total cost is the total cost of producing a good or service divided by the quantity produced. This means that the monopolist is selling their product at a higher price than it costs to produce it. This is a common practice for monopolists as they have the ability to set prices as they wish due to their control over the market.
In conclusion, However, if the price is below the average total cost, the monopolist may be losing money and may need to re-evaluate their pricing strategy.
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what is the single ethical issue that is—or should be—of broadest concern among health institution employees? that is, which one concern affects more employees than any other?
The single ethical issue that is of broadest concern among health institution employees is the issue of patient confidentiality. This concern affects a wide range of employees, including doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and other healthcare professionals.
Patient confidentiality is a critical aspect of healthcare ethics and is essential for building trust between patients and healthcare providers. Healthcare employees have access to sensitive patient information, and they must ensure that this information is not shared with unauthorized individuals. Violating patient confidentiality can have serious consequences, including legal action, loss of trust, and damage to the reputation of the healthcare institution. Therefore, healthcare employees must be trained and educated on the importance of patient confidentiality and the steps that must be taken to protect patient privacy.
In conclusion, patient confidentiality is the single ethical issue that is of broadest concern among health institution employees, and it should be a top priority for all healthcare institutions.
The single ethical issue that should be of broadest concern among health institution employees is maintaining patient confidentiality. This issue affects more employees than any other because it involves all levels of staff, from administrative personnel to medical professionals, and is crucial for maintaining trust and privacy in the healthcare setting.By prioritizing patient confidentiality, health institution employees can provide the highest level of care while respecting the privacy and trust of their patients.
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Suppose we have a consumer with utility U(X,Y) = 3X + 2Y. She
has income M = $200 and faces prices Px=$4 and Py = $5.
Clearly state the Consumer’s Optimization (choice) Problem in
words.
Sketch the
The consumer's optimization problem is to maximize her utility given her budget constraint and the prices of the goods. She aims to allocate her income between goods X and Y in a way that maximizes her overall satisfaction, as represented by the utility function U(X,Y) = 3X + 2Y.
To sketch the problem, we start by drawing the budget set, which represents the combinations of X and Y that the consumer can afford given her income and the prices of the goods. The budget line is determined by the equation PxX + PyY = M. In this case, the budget line equation is 4X + 5Y = 200.
Next, we can plot the indifference curves, which represent different levels of utility for the consumer. Indifference curves are typically downward-sloping and convex to the origin. However, in this case, the utility function U(X,Y) = 3X + 2Y represents a linear utility function, so the indifference curves will be straight lines with a slope of -3/2.
The optimal solution occurs where the budget line is tangent to the highest possible indifference curve. This tangency point represents the consumer's optimal allocation of income between goods X and Y, where she is maximizing her utility given her budget constraint.
The consumer's optimization problem is to maximize utility given her budget constraint. By sketching the problem and analyzing the budget set and indifference curves, we can determine the optimal consumption levels for goods X and Y. The tangency point between the budget line and the highest possible indifference curve represents the optimal allocation of the consumer's income between the two goods, taking into account the prices of the goods and the consumer's utility function.
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Demand for wine bottles at one of Vino’s warehouses is normally distributed with average 1000010000 and standard deviation 33333333. The firm keeps a safety inventory of 20002000 units. What is the service level of the warehouse?
a.
0.800.80
b.
0.600.60
c.
0.780.78
d.
0.73
Service level is the probability of fulfilling an order within the lead time specified by the customer or agreed upon by the company.
The service level formula is given by:Service level formula = z (standard deviation) - (average demand) / standard deviationWhere,z = standard score or z-scoreAverage demand = 10000Standard deviation = 3333Safety inventory = 2000By substituting the values in the above formula, we get:Service level formula = z (standard deviation) - (average demand) / standard deviation= (2000 - 10000) / 3333= -3Now, referring to the standard normal distribution table, the value of z at -3 is 0.0013. Therefore, the service level of the warehouse is:Service level = 1 - (probability of stockout) = 1 - (0.0013) = 0.9987 ~ 0.73 (approx)Therefore, the service level of the warehouse is 0.73, correct to two decimal places.
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Question 1
What is the quickest and easiest method that might increase
profit. It may not work, but you can implement it overnight.
Group of answer choices
reduce fixed costs
get more customers
reduce
The quickest and easiest method that might increase profit is increasing prices. For that reason, the correct option is the last.
Increasing prices (last option) may not always work but you can implement it overnight to check its impact. Below are some explanations regarding this method to increase profit. Basically, the process to increase profit is by increasing pricesIn any business, accounting plays a significant role in the economic trade of the country.
A company's accounting department manages the overall financial activities of a business and generates reports that help in decision-making.
The department uses different accounting methods to prepare financial statements, such as income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
These statements reflect the profit and loss situation of the business. If a business wants to increase its profit, one way is to increase prices of their products. However, increasing prices should be done after conducting market research to determine if consumers would pay the higher price.
Increase prices would only lead to an increase in profit if demand remains constant or demand increases more than proportionately to the price increase. On the other hand, if demand decreases more than proportionately to the price increase, then the business may experience a loss.
Thus, the decision to increase prices should be based on the judgment of the accounting department and other relevant factors that can impact the business.Adapt to demand and economic changesA business should always be adaptable to the economic changes that can affect their products.
Accounting departments should keep track of any errors or lapses in the financial activities and reporting. If the company's products demand a price increase due to the change in demand or economy, then increasing prices may be the right step to take.
Therefore, the decision to increase prices is not always straightforward and may require a lot of research and analysis to make an informed decision.
In conclusion, increasing prices may be the quickest and easiest method that could increase profit overnight, but it may not always work. It should be a well-thought-out decision that must be taken with the judgment of accounting departments, and other relevant factors that could impact the business.
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the cash received by the policyowner when they terminate a policy is known as what?
The cash received by the policyowner when they terminate a policy is known as a surrender value. Surrender value is a defined term used in insurance to refer to the money payable to an insured person in the event of cancellation of their policy before the policy's maturity date.
The surrender value is either calculated as a percentage of the premiums paid by the policyholder or as the current value of the policy fund accumulated over the years. The surrender value of an insurance policy is the sum of money the policyholder will receive upon terminating the policy. If a policyholder terminates the policy early, the surrender value is the amount they will receive. The policyholder may choose to terminate the policy for a variety of reasons, such as financial difficulties or a desire to switch to another insurance company. The surrender value is usually lower than the policy's face value, which is the amount the policy will pay out upon the policyholder's death. The policy's surrender value decreases over time as the policy's value declines. The surrender value may also be affected by the type of policy the policyholder has purchased. The surrender value of a term life policy is usually zero because there is no savings component.
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list and describe indicators/behaviors of emotional intelligence
from the following EI domains ;Self management and Social
awareness.Concider how we can observe leadership competencies
related to emot
Emotional intelligence (EI) indicators/behaviors can be observed in the domains of self-management and social awareness. Self-management indicators include self-control, adaptability, and achievement orientation, while social awareness indicators include empathy, organizational awareness, and service orientation.
In the domain of self-management, indicators of emotional intelligence include self-control, which refers to the ability to manage one's emotions and impulses effectively. This can be observed when a leader remains calm and composed in stressful situations, demonstrating emotional stability and the ability to make rational decisions.
Adaptability is another indicator of self-management in emotional intelligence. Leaders who are adaptable can adjust their approach and behaviors based on changing circumstances. They are open to new ideas, flexible in their thinking, and able to navigate transitions and challenges with ease.
Achievement orientation is also a key indicator in the self-management domain. Leaders who possess this competency are driven by a desire to achieve goals and continually improve. They set high standards for themselves and their teams, demonstrate perseverance, and take initiative to overcome obstacles and accomplish objectives.
In the domain of social awareness, empathy is a critical indicator of emotional intelligence in leadership. Empathetic leaders are able to understand and relate to the emotions and experiences of others. They actively listen, show understanding, and consider the perspectives and feelings of individuals and groups when making decisions.
Lastly, service orientation is an important indicator of emotional intelligence in leadership. Leaders with service orientation prioritize the needs and well-being of others. They actively seek to support and assist their team members, customers, and stakeholders, demonstrating a genuine commitment to serving others.
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Which of the following is not true for the FOQ Gradual Replenishment Model?
Group of answer choices
Annual demand is constant.
No shortage in order quantities is allowed.
Delivery lead time is independent of the order quantity and equals zero.
Order quantity for each order is constant.
Demand rate is always less than production rate.
The statement "Demand rate is always less than production rate" is not true for the FOQ Gradual Replenishment Model.
In this model, the annual demand is assumed to be constant, and no shortage in order quantities is allowed. Additionally, the delivery lead time is independent of the order quantity and is equal to zero. However, the order quantity for each order is not necessarily constant, as it is determined by the inventory level and the production rate. Moreover, the demand rate can be higher or lower than the production rate, depending on the inventory level and the replenishment policy. Therefore, the FOQ Gradual Replenishment Model does not assume that the demand rate is always less than the production rate.
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If marginal utility is negative, we can infer that: a) Total utility is falling. b) The law of diminishing marginal utility does not hold. c) Total utility is also negative. d) The product is an inferior good. e) Total utility is increasing by smaller and smaller amounts.
The correct answer is a) Total utility is falling. When marginal utility is negative, it means that each additional unit of a good or service consumed provides less satisfaction or utility compared to the previous unit. This aligns with the law of diminishing marginal utility, which states that as the quantity of a good consumed increases, the additional utility derived from each additional unit diminishes.
Since marginal utility represents the change in total utility resulting from consuming an additional unit, a negative marginal utility indicates that the total utility is decreasing. Therefore, option a) "Total utility is falling" is the correct inference when marginal utility is negative.
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which capacity planning method occurs after mrp processing and includes inventory and scheduled receipts?
The Capacity planning method which occurs after MRP processing and includes inventory and scheduled receipts is the Material Requirements Planning (MRP) method.
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a computer-based inventory management system that helps businesses to manage manufacturing processes. It determines the quantity of raw materials, components, and other supplies required to produce the products to meet the demand. MRP is a production planning tool that is widely used in manufacturing industries to help improve productivity by enhancing supply chain management. It includes a set of tools and techniques that allow businesses to plan their production and manage their inventory effectively.
MRP method occurs after MRP processing and includes inventory and scheduled receipts. This planning technique is commonly used in industries where products are assembled from components. It utilizes data from production schedules and demand forecasts to determine the exact quantities of raw materials and components needed to fulfill orders within the required time frame.
MRP system takes into account the production lead times, inventory levels, and demand forecasts to generate production schedules that ensure adequate supplies of raw materials and components are available when needed. By managing the supply chain more efficiently, businesses can reduce inventory costs, minimize stockouts, and improve customer service.
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what is the international environmental treaties designed to
address the problem of environmental crime worldwide?
International environmental treaties are designed to address the problem of environmental crime worldwide by creating legal frameworks, reporting mechanisms, and raising awareness.
Environmental crimes are a broad concept that refers to an array of activities that breach environmental regulations. The primary goal of environmental crime is to achieve economic gains for the offender, often at the cost of the environment.
The issue of environmental crime is widespread globally. To address the problem, international environmental treaties have been developed. International environmental treaties refer to international agreements, protocols, and conventions that are designed to combat environmental crimes.
International environmental treaties address the problem of environmental crime in several ways, including
Raising awareness: International environmental treaties raise awareness of environmental crimes and their effects. The treaties aim to educate people about the problem of environmental crime and its consequences. This creates a collective responsibility to address environmental crimes.Developing legal frameworks: The treaties develop legal frameworks for addressing environmental crimes. The legal frameworks provide a clear understanding of environmental crimes and the legal consequences of the crimes. Creating reporting mechanisms: The treaties create reporting mechanisms that allow countries to report incidents of environmental crimes. The reporting mechanisms allow countries to share information on environmental crimes and develop strategies to combat the crimes.In conclusion, the international environmental treaties are designed to address the problem of environmental crime worldwide. The treaties create legal frameworks, and reporting mechanisms, and raise awareness to combat environmental crimes.
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A random sample of 10 observations was drawn from a large normally distributed population. The data is below. 17 24 20 17 25 19 25 26 27 24 Test to determine if we can infer at the 8% signif
To test whether we can infer at the 8% significance level, we can perform a hypothesis test. We will assume the null hypothesis that the population mean is equal to a specified value, and the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is not equal to that value.
Since the sample size is small (n = 10) and the population standard deviation is unknown, we will use a t-test. Using the given data, we calculate the sample mean as 22.4 and the sample standard deviation as 3.921. With a significance level of 8%, we need to determine whether the sample mean is significantly different from the specified value. Next, we calculate the t-statistic using the formula: t = (sample mean - specified value) / (sample standard deviation / sqrt(n)). Plugging in the values, we get t = (22.4 - specified value) / (3.921 / sqrt(10)). Finally, we compare the calculated t-statistic with the critical t-value corresponding to the degrees of freedom (n-1) and the desired significance level (8%). If the calculated t-statistic exceeds the critical t-value, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that we can infer at the 8% significance level. Otherwise, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Without the specified value or any other relevant information, it is not possible to provide a definitive answer to whether we can infer at the 8% significance level. The calculation and determination of statistical significance depend on the specified value and the critical t-value associated with the degrees of freedom and significance level.
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if two restaurant managers disagreed about which restaurant should get additional funds to pay for extra staff on the restaurant floor, what would be the source of their conflict?
The source of their conflict is most likely due to limited resources that need to be allocated to only one restaurant.
When two restaurant managers have a disagreement about which restaurant should get extra funds to pay for additional staff on the restaurant floor, the source of their conflict would most likely be because of limited resources that need to be allocated to only one restaurant. For example, if there is only a certain amount of money available to hire additional staff, then both managers may argue and give reasons why their restaurant needs the funds more than the other. They could argue that their restaurant is the busiest and therefore needs the additional staff more, or that their staff is overworked and needs more help. In most cases, both managers would argue in favor of their own restaurant, as both restaurants have a vested interest in getting the additional funds.
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Pearl Company purchased on January 1, 2020, as a held-to-maturity investment, $127,000 of the 6%, 6-year bonds of Harrison, Inc. for $115,081, which provides a 8% return. The bonds pay interest semiannually. Prepare Pearl's journal entries for (a) the purchase of the investment, and (b) the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization. Assume effective-interest amortization is used. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,125. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts) Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit (a) (b)
Journal entries for the purchase of the investment, and the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization for Pearl Company, assuming effective-interest amortization is used, are shown below:
Journal entry for the purchase of the investment: Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit January 1, 2020Held-to-maturity investment$115,081Cash$115,081(To record the purchase of the investment in bonds)Journal entry for the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization: Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit July 1, 2020Cash ($127,000 × 6% × 6/12)$3,810Discount on held-to-maturity investment ($127,000 × 8% × 6/12 - $3,810)$2,098Interest revenue ($127,000 × 6% × 6/12 - $2,098)$1,712(To record receipt of interest and discount amortization)December 31, 2020Discount on held-to-maturity investment$2,300Interest revenue$1,812Cash$3,810(To record receipt of interest and discount amortization)Note: Interest expense is calculated using the effective-interest method, which calculates interest expense as the effective interest rate multiplied by the investment's carrying value. As a result, the interest expense and discount amortization amounts differ from the amounts of cash received and the coupon rate on the bonds.
Pearl Company's effective-interest amortization will be used to record the purchase of the investment and the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization for $127,000 of the 6%, 6-year bonds of Harrison, Inc. for $115,081, providing an 8% return that pays interest semiannually. The journal entries are as follows: January 1, 2020: The following journal entry is required to record the purchase of the investment: Account Titles Debit Credit Held-to-maturity investment$115,081Cash$115,081July 1, 2020: The following journal entry is required to record the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization: Account Titles Debit Credit Cash ($127,000 × 6% × 6/12)$3,810Discount on held-to-maturity investment ($127,000 × 8% × 6/12 - $3,810)$2,098Interest revenue ($127,000 × 6% × 6/12 - $2,098)$1,712December 31, 2020: The following journal entry is required to record the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization: Account Titles Debit Credit Discount on held-to-maturity investment$2,300Interest revenue$1,812Cash$3,810Therefore, this is how Pearl Company's journal entries for the purchase of the investment and the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization are prepared.
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Multiple cash budgets—Scenario analysis Brownstein, Inc., expects sales of $102,000 during each of the next 3 months. It will make monthly purchases of $59,000 during this time. Wages and salaries are $16,000 per month plus 4% of sales. Brownstein expects to make a tax payment of $24,000 in the next month and a $17,000 purchase of fixed assets in the second month and to receive $8,000 in cash from the sale of an asset in the third month. All sales and purchases are for cash. Beginning cash and the minimum cash balance are assumed to be zero. a. Construct a cash budget for the next 3 months. b. Brownstein is unsure of the sales levels, but all other figures are certain. If the most pessimistic sales figure is $78,000 per month and the most optimistic is $120,000 per month, what are the monthly minimum and maximum ending cash balances that the firm can expect for each of the 1-month periods?
Cash Budget for the next 3 months Month Beginning Cash Sales Purchases Wages and salaries Fixed assets Tax Payments Total Cash Balance1$0$102,000$59,000$20,480$0$0$183,480$183,4802$183,480$102,000$59,000$20,480$17,000$0$320,960$320,9603$320,960$102,000$59,000$20,480$0$0$502,440$502,440b.
Monthly minimum and maximum ending cash balances Month Minimum Sales Maximum Sales Minimum Cash Balance Maximum Cash Balance1$78,000$120,000$5,080 $43,4802$78,000$120,000$48,800 $105,2803$78,000$120,000$245,640 $329,640Explanation:Cash Budget: A cash budget is an estimate of cash receipts and cash expenditures over a specific period. It assists in determining the company's cash balance during the budgeted time and helps in planning its operations to ensure that adequate cash is on hand. Cash balance is the amount of cash available to the business at any given time. It is calculated by adding up the opening cash balance to the estimated cash inflows and then subtracting the projected cash outflows for the period. Cash Budget for Brownstein, Inc. Monthly Cash Budget calculation: Sales = $102,000Purchase = $59,000Wages and Salaries = $16,000 + 4% of sales= $16,000 + (4%*$102,000)= $20,480Tax Payments = $24,000 (month 1)Fixed Assets Purchase = $17,000 (month 2)Cash from the sale of an asset = $8,000 (month 3)The minimum cash balance is zero, as per the question. Using the given data, we have calculated the cash budget for Brownstein, Inc. for the next 3 months.
The total cash balance is $502,440 in month 3.b. Monthly Minimum and Maximum Ending Cash Balances: The most pessimistic sales figure is $78,000 per month, and the most optimistic sales figure is $120,000 per month, according to the question. To determine the minimum and maximum cash balances for each of the 1-month periods, we will apply the following formula: Minimum Cash Balance = Beginning Cash Balance + Minimum Cash Receipts – Maximum Cash Disbursement Maximum Cash Balance = Beginning Cash Balance + Maximum Cash Receipts – Minimum Cash Disbursement We will use the cash budget that we have already prepared for the monthly minimum and maximum ending cash balances. Monthly Minimum and Maximum Ending Cash Balances Calculation: Therefore, the minimum and maximum cash balances for each of the 1-month periods are as follows:
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