An increase in the excise tax on alcohol of $1 per liter: a. coupled with a uniform drinking age nationwide would save lives. b. will raise the price of alcohol by exactly $1 per liter. c. will generate substantial revenue if demand is elastic. d. will generate minimal tax revenues for the federal government. e. will have no effect on alcohol consumption.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

c. will generate substantial revenue if demand is elastic.

Explanation:

If there is an increase in the excise tax on the alcohol so it would produced the high revenue since the demand for the alcohol is elastic also the excise tax represent the application with respective to the price elasticty of demand

Therefore as per the given options, the option c is correct

And, the same is to be considered


Related Questions

You want to have $19,000 in 7 years for a dream vacation. If you can earn an interest rate of .3 percent per month, how much will you have to deposit today

Answers

Answer:

Initial investment= $14,773.22

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Future value (FV)= $19,000

Number of periods (n)= 7*12= 84 months

Interest rate (i)= 0.003

To calculate the initial investment (PV), we need to use the following formula:

PV= FV / (1 + i)^n

PV= 19,000 / (1.003^84)

PV= $14,773.22

Date Transaction Number of Units Unit Cost Apr. 1 Beginning inventory 500 $2.40 Apr. 20 Purchase 400 2.50 700 units of inventory were sold during the month. Ending inventory assuming FIFO would be:

Answers

Answer:

Ending inventory= $500

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Apr. 1 Beginning inventory 500 $2.40

Apr. 20 Purchase 400 2.50

700 units of inventory were sold during the month

First, we need to determine the number of units in ending inventory:

Ending inventory in units= 900 - 700= 200

Under the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method, the ending inventory is calculated using the cost of the last units incorporated into the inventory.

Ending inventory= 200*2.5

Ending inventory= $500

Martin's coin collection contains hundred 1960 silver dollars. Her grandparents purchased them at their face value ($50 each) in 1960. These coins have appreciated by 3.2 percent annually. How much will the collection be worth in 2020

Answers

Answer:

FV= $33,094.2

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Present value (PV)= 50*100= $5,000

Number of periods (n)= 2020 - 1960= 60 years

Apreciation rate (g)= 3.2% = 0.032

To calculate the value of the collection in 2020, we need to use the following formula:

Future value= PV*(1 + g)^n

FV= 5,000*(1.032^60)

FV= $33,094.2

Ted's Co. offers a zero coupon bond with an 11.3% yield to maturity. The bond matures in 16 years. What is the current price of a $1,000 face value bond

Answers

Answer:

Zero-cupon bond= $835.45

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Face value= $1,000

YTM= 11.3%

Years to maturity= 16 years

To calculate the price of the bond, we need to use the following formula:

Zero-cupon bond= [face value/(1+i)^n]

Zero-cupon bond= 1,000 / (1.113^16)

Zero-cupon bond= $835.45

You want to invest $25,000 and are looking for safe investment options. Your bank is offering you a certificate of deposit that pays a nominal rate of 4% that is compounded bimonthly (every two months). What is the effective rate of return that you will earn from this investment

Answers

If you want to invest $25,000 and are looking for safe investment options. The effective rate of return that you will earn from this investment is  4.08%.

How to find the Effective rate of return?

Given data:

Investment = $25,000

Rate = r = 8%

Number of months = 12 × 2 = 24 months (Bimonthly)

Now let find the Effective rate of return

Effective rate of return = (1  + 0.04/24)^24 -1

Effective rate of return = 4.08%

Therefore we can conclude that the Effective rate of return is 4.08%.

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A salt mine you inherited will pay you $25,000 per year for 25 years, with the first payment being made today. If you think a fair return on the mine is 7.5%, how much should you ask for it if you decide to sell it

Answers

Answer: $299574.17

Explanation:

From the question, we are given the information that a salt mine inherited will pay $25,000 per year for 25 years, with the first payment being made today. If the fair return on the mine is 7.5%, the amount that should be asked for it's to be sold goes thus:

Periodic amount = $25000

Return on mine = 7.5%

Number of years = 25

Selling amount will then be:

= 25000 + [-PV(7.50%,24,25000,0)]

= 25000 + [-PV(0.075,24,25000,0]

= $299574.17

=

Chester's balance sheet has $77,842,000 in equity. Further, the company is expecting net income of 3,000,000 next year, and also expecting to issue $4,000,000 in new stock. If there are no dividends paid what will beChester's book value

Answers

Answer:

$84,842,000

Explanation:

The book value is total assets less total liabilities

Book value = initial equity + equity issued + net income

$77,842,000 + $4,000,000 + $3,000,000 = $84,842,000

Helen Ming receives a travel allowance of $120 each week from her company for time away from home. If this allowance is taxable and she has a 28 percent income tax rate, what amount will she have to pay in taxes for this employee benefit

Answers

Answer:

$1,747.2

Explanation:

Calculation to determine what amount will she have to pay in taxes for this employee benefit

First step is to determine the Annual travel allowance

Using this formula

Annual travel allowance=Weekly allowance × 52 weeks

Let plug in the formula

Annual travel allowance=$120 × 52 weeks

Annual travel allowance=$6,240

Now let determine the Annual tax

Using this formula

Annual tax=Annual travel allowance × Tax rate

Let plug in the formula

Annual tax=$6,240 × 0.28

Annual tax=$1,747.2

Therefore the amount that she will have to pay in taxes for this employee benefit is $1,747.2

Use solver to answer the following question: A corrupt shipping concern wishes to maximize the revenue they make from an analytics-bereft manufacturing concern, which has 4 factories and 3 warehouses. Factory 1 supplies 1000 units per week and is charged $5, $3, and $4 to ship each unit to Warehouses 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Factory 2 supplies 1200 units each week and is charged $4, $3, and $3 to ship to Warehouses 1, 2, and 3. Factory 3 supplies 1500 units and is charged $6, $2, and $5 to ship to the three warehouses. Factory 4 supplies 1800 units and is charged $6, $2, and $4. If Warehouse 1 requires 3000 units per week, Warehouse 2 demands 1000, and Warehouse 3 demands 1500, what is the maximum it would cost them in shipping to fulfill each warehouse's demand?

Answers

4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4. Now read it backwards

Julie is purchasing a home for $169,000.00. Her loan has been approved for a 30-year fixed-
rate loan at 5 percent annual interest. She will pay 20 percent of the purchase price as a down
payment. What is the total interest she will pay on her loan?
O $122,877.92
O $126,168.64
$135,200.87
O$142,613.78

Answers

The total interest she will pay on her loan is $ 126080.80

Step-by-step explanation:

Given : Julie is purchasing a home for $169,000.

She will pay 20 percent of the purchase price as a down payment.

So, 20% of $169,000 is given as ,

169000\cdot\frac{20}{100}=33800

Thus, amount left to pay = 169,000 - 33800 = $ 135200

Now,  Her loan has been approved for a 30-year fixed-rate loan at 5 percent annual interest.

So, Finding monthly payment using formula,

P=\frac{PV\cdot r}{1-(1+r)^{-n}}

Where, PV = present amount

P = monthly payment

r is interest rate per period

n is time per period

Here, PV = 135200

time period = 30 × 12 = 360 months

Monthly interest rate = 5 % = \frac{5}{1200}

Substitute, we have,

P=\frac{135200\cdot\frac{5}{1200}}{1-\left(1+\frac{5}{1200}\right)^{-\left(30\cdot12\right)}}

Simplify, we have,

P = 725.78

Thus, Monthly payment is $ 725.78

Thus, the value of loan after 30 years becomes,

725.78\cdot30\cdot12=261280.8

Total interest paid = Total loan amount after 30 years - present amount

Total interest paid = 261280.8 - 135200 = 126080.8

Thus, The  total interest she will pay on her loan is $ 126080.80

Total Interest Paid
$126,081.82

Loan amount will be $135,200

The theory of constraints says thatqueues should not be allowed to form in the plant.bottleneck resources should be idle whenever possible.the bottleneck is the most critical resource.labor expense reduction should be the primary goal.

Answers

Answer:

the bottleneck is the most critical resource

Explanation:

The constraint theory represent that the bottleneck would be considered as the most critical resources as it decided how much long the process could be delayed and due to this the objectives and the goals of the organization would be highly impacted

Therefore as per the given situation, the above represent the answer

The chairperson can also be a minute taker in the meeting ?

Answers

When decisions are made they must be clearly noted so everyone is aware and there is a written record at all times. If confusion happens throughout the meeting on a certain topic, the chairperson can also ask the minute taker to read the section of the meeting minute back aloud to the group.
https://www.coursehero.com › file

This information relates to Sheridan Company for the year 2022.
Retained earnings, January 1, 2022 $91,100
Advertising expense 2,450
Dividends 8,160
Rent expense 14,200
Service revenue 78,880
Utilities expense 3,260
Salaries and wages expense 40,800
Prepare an income statement for the year ending December 31, 2022.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The preparation of the income statement is presented below:

Service revenue $78,880

Less: expenses

Advertising expense $2,450

Rent expense $14,200

Utilities expense $3,260

Salaries and wages expense $40,800

Net income $18,170

hence, the net income is $18,170

The same is to be considered

Project planning teams use project life cycle models because various types of projects have differing demands. Which of the following sequences of stages is most appropriate for a life cycle model for research and development (R & D) projects?
a. define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
b. concept definition - demonstration - development - production.
c. pre-planning - design - procurement - construction - start up.
d. concept - requirements - design - code - test - turnove.

Answers

Answer:

concept definition - demonstration - development - production

Explanation:

Research and development is mainly concerned with the development of a new concept, incorporation into a product, and delivery of product to the market as a way to improve the bottom line of the company.

It allows companies maintain a competitive edge over others in the same industry by bring new and innovative products to the customer.

The stages of R&D include: concept definition - demonstration - development - production.

The innovative idea is first defined and feasibility is evaluated.

The concept is demonstrated to show practicability of the idea.

The concept is further developed to suit customer needs.

Finally production and marketing is done to make product available to the customer.

Your great-great-grandmother left you her recipe book. It contains amazing, delicious cake recipes, and you are certain you can make a fortune with them if you just set up your bakery right. You are considering three possible designs for your bakery:

Design 1:
A factory in which assembly-line workers create low-cost, standardized cakes to be sold in grocery stores
Design 2:
A factory in which all cakes are created by machines; technology will enable you to shift from cake to cake as customer needs change
Design 3:
A personalized wedding cake business in which you will create custom delicacies for your clients

According to Joan Woodward, ____________ is classified as a continuous process production company.

a. Design 1.
b. Design 2.
c. Design 3.

Answers

Answer:

design 2

Explanation:

Joan Woodward conducted a study from 1954 - 1955 to determine the effect of organisation style on the success of the organisation

she grouped firms into 3 groups based on their level of technological complexity. the groups include :

1.  Small Batch and Unit Production : this group meets small orders. they cater to the specific needs of customers

An example is a personalized wedding cake business in which you will create custom delicacies for clients

2. Large Batch and Mass Production : this group make large orders that do not meet the specific needs of customers. Most of the orders go into inventory.

An example is a factory in which assembly-line workers create low-cost, standardized cakes to be sold in grocery stores

3. Continuous Process Production : in this group, the entire production system is mechanized.

The Get Well Health Care Company directors noticed a significant drop in the company’s customer service ratings. It was determined that an Agile Lean approach to improving the methods for receiving, processing, and resolving customer questions and complaints as needed. The CEO of the company is anxious to get the effort underway. You have been appointed to lead this effort. You are told by the CEO when she appoints you that the employees of the customer service unit are unaware of the change that is to occur, nor are they aware of the drop in the customer service ratings. You decide to use the ADKAR Model to assist the employees in this unit address the change.
In this assignment, you are to list and explain each step of the ADKAR Model. You are to then describe what action(s) you would take under each of these steps to help the employees of the customer service unit navigate this change.

Answers

Answer:

ADKAR is

A : is the awareness to need a change

D : is the desire to change

K : is the knowledge of how to change

A : is the ability to change

R : is the reinforcement to change

Explanation:

In order to improve methods of customer service a change is required in the Get Well Health Care Company and I will be using ADKAR model to implement this change.

ADKAR is

A : is the awareness to need a change

D : is the desire to change

K : is the knowledge of how to change

A : is the ability to change

R : is the reinforcement to change

Firstly the change is required in Get Well Heath Care Company because there is a significant drop in customer service ratings which will make the company lose business.The change is desired because the company and its employees wants to continue to provide better health care to its customers.The employees needs to understand how to satisfy the customer with their service to get a better customer service rating.Are the employees able to implement this change? are they enough motivated to provide a better customer service?Are the employees going to reinforce the change implemented or will they go back to their old practices of customer service?

You consider buying a share of stock at a price of $24. The stock is expected to pay a dividend of $1.32 next year, and your advisory service tells you that you can expect to sell the stock in 1 year for $27. The stock's beta is 0.6, rf is 10%, and E[rm] = 20%. What is the stock's abnormal return?

Answers

Answer:

2%

Explanation:

Actual return = [(Dividend + Capital gain) / Purchase price] * 100

= [($1.32 + $27 - $24) / $24] * 100

= 18%

Expected return = rf + Beta*(E(rm) - rf)

= 10% + 0.6*(20% - 10%)

= 16%

Abnormal return = Actual return - Expected return

Abnormal return = 18% - 16%

Abnormal return = 2%

When actions by individuals in a organization are directed toward the goal of furthering their own self-interests, it is termed as

Answers

Answer:

Organizational politics.

Explanation:

An interest group can be defined as a group of people sharing common aims, ideas and concerns, which seeks to influence government or a public policy.

This ultimately implies that, the interest groups consists of individuals who are only concerned about influencing public policy of the government on the basis of a particular common aim and interest.

Similarly, when actions by individuals in a organization are directed toward the goal of furthering their own self-interests such as being promoted, traveling to get estacodes, training, courses, etc., it is generally termed as organizational politics. Thus, you will see such employees (individuals) getting closer to top the executive management and patronizing them, in order to be in their good books.

Granger Printing currently uses a manufacturing facility costing $560,000 per year; 90% of the facility's capacity is currently being used. A start-up business has proposed a plan that would utilize the other 10% of the facility and increase the overall costs of maintaining the space by 11%. If the incremental method were used, what amount of cost would be allocated to the start-up business

Answers

Answer:

the amount of cost that allocated is $61,600

Explanation:

The computation of the amount of cost that allocated is shown below;

= The costing of the manufacturing facility × increase percentage of the overall cost for maintaining the space

= $560,000 × 11%

= $61,600

hence, the amount of cost that allocated is $61,600

Croissants Corporation and Donuts Company transfer their assets to Edibles Inc., which manages the assets and distributes the profits to Croissants and Donuts. This arrangement is a. none of the choices. b. a joint venture. c. a syndicate. d. a business trust.

Answers

Answer:

Edibles Inc.

This arrangement whereby Croissants Corporation and Donuts Company transfer their assets to Edibles Inc. is called:

d. a business trust.

Explanation:

Edibles Inc., as a trustee, carries out business transactions on behalf of Croissants Corporation and Donuts Company, who are regarded as the trust's members (or beneficiaries).  It is a formal structure that safeguards an entity's assets against creditors and ensures that the business is professionally run in line with accepted practices.

Marc, a single taxpayer, earns $122,000 in taxable income and $3,800 in interest from an investment in city of Birmingham Bonds. Using the U.S. tax rate schedule for year 2018, what is his effective tax rate? (Use Tax rate schedules)
https://ezto-cf-media.mheducation.com/Media/Connect_Production/bne/accounting/spilker_10e/taxrateschedule2018.htm
Multiple Choice

24.99%


18.74%


19.91%


26.68%


None of the choices are correct.

Answers

Answer:

None of the choices are correct

Explanation:

Given:

Income from city bond = $122,000

Find:

Effective tax rate

Computation:

We know thar Marc is single tax payee

So,

As per rule

Federal tax = $14,089.50 + (Income - $82,500)24%

Federal tax = $14,089.50 + ($122,000 - $82,500)24%

Federal tax = $23,569.50

Effective tax rate = (Federal tax / Income)100

Effective tax rate = [23,569.50/122,000]100

Effective tax rate = [0.1931]100

Effective tax rate = 19.31% (Approx.)

he appropriate discount rate for the following cash flows is 8 percent compounded quarterly. Year Cash Flow 1 $700 2 700 3 0 4 1,100 What is the present value of the cash flows

Answers

Answer:

Thus, the present value is $2045.52.

Explanation:

Use the below formula to find the present value:

Present value = FV ÷ (1 + r/4)^(n*4)

Present value :

[tex]=\frac{700}{(1 + \frac{0.08}{4} )^{1 \times 4} } + \frac{700}{(1 + \frac{0.08}{4} )^{2 \times 4} } + \frac{0}{(1 + \frac{0.08}{4} )^{3 \times 4} } +\frac{1100}{(1 + \frac{0.08}{4} )^{4 \times 4} } \\ \\= \frac{700}{1.0824}+\frac{700}{1.1716} +0+\frac{1100}{1.3727} \\= 2045.52[/tex]

Thus, the present value is $2045.52.

You are deciding where to eat dinner tonight. Eating at Soup Plantation costs $15 and it gives you $20 worth of benefit. Eating at Del Taco costs $5 and gives you $7 worth of value. What is the opportunity cost of eating at Soup Plantation

Answers

Answer: $7

Explanation:

Due to scarcity of resources, economic agents have to make choices and the real cost of the forgone alternative when a choice is made is referred to as the opportunity cost.

Based on the information given, the opportunity cost of eating at Soup Plantation will be the $7 worth of value that will be gotten when one eats at Del Taco.

If a firm sells 6 units at a price of $6 with a total cost of $7, what is the firm's profit from selling 6 units

Answers

Answer:

$6 (loss)

Explanation:

Profit per unit = Selling Price - Cost Price

                       = $6 - $7

                       = - $1

Total profit / (loss) = - $1 x 6 = ($6)

Conclusion

The result is a loss simply because the Cost is higher than the Selling Price

Highly Suspect Corp. has current liabilities of $450,000, a quick ratio of .89, inventory turnover of 6.5, and a current ratio of 1.7. What is the cost of goods sold for the company

Answers

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

First , we will compute current ratio

Current ratio = Current asset / Current liabilities

1.25 = Current ratio / $415,000

Current asset = $415,000 × 1.25

Current assets = $518,759

Next is to calculate quick ratio

Quick ratio = Current asset - Inventory / Current liabilities

0.79 = $518,750 - Inventory / $415,000

0.79 × $415,000 = $518,750 - Inventory

$327,850 = $518,750 - Inventory

Inventory = $518,750 - $327,850

Inventory = $190,900

Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold / Inventory

9.5 = Cost of goods sold / $190,900

Cost of goods sold = 9.5 × $190,900

Cost of goods sold = $1,813,550

On July 1, 2020, Swifty Company purchased for $6,120,000 snow-making equipment having an estimated useful life of 5 years with an estimated salvage value of $255,000. Depreciation is taken for the portion of the year the asset is used. Complete the form below by determining the depreciation expense and year-end book values for 2020 and 2021 using the
1. sum-of-the-years'-digits method.
2. double-declining balance method.
2020 2021
Sum-of-the-Years'-Digits Method
Equipment $6,120,000 $6,120,000
Less: Accumulated Depreciation
Year-End Book Value
Depreciation Expense for the Year
Double-Declining Balance Method
Equipment $6,120,000 $6,120,000
Less: Accumulated Depreciation
Year-End Book Value
Depreciation Expense for the Year
Assume the company had used stright line depreciation during 2020 and 2021. During 2022, the company determined that the equiptment would be useful to the company for only one more year beyond 2022. Salvage value is estimated at 20000. Compute the amount of depreciation expense for the 2022 income statement.
Assume the company had used straight-line depreciation during 2020 and 2021. During 2022, the company determined that the equipment would be useful to the company for only one more year beyond 2022. Salvage value is estimated at $340,000. What is the depreciation base of this asset?

Answers

Answer:

Swifty Company

1. Sum-of-the-years'-digits method:

                                                            2020            2021  

Equipment                                     $6,120,000  $6,120,000

Less: Accumulated Depreciation      977,500    2,541,500

Year-End Book Value                   $5,143,500 $3,578,500

Depreciation Expense for the Year 977,500  $1,564,000

2. Double-declining balance method:

                                                              2020            2021  

Equipment                                       $6,120,000  $6,120,000

Less: Accumulated Depreciation     1,224,000     3,182,400

Year-End Book Value                    $4,896,000  $2,937,600

Depreciation Expense for the Year 1,224,000  $1,958,400

Straight-line Method:

3. The amount of depreciation expense for the 2022 income statement is:

= $2,170,250.

4. In 2022, the depreciation base of this asset is:

= $4,020,500

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

July 1, 2020: Cost of snowmaking equipment = $6,120,000

Estimated salvage value of the equipment =          255,000

Depreciable amount of the equipment =           $5,865,000

Estimated useful life of the equipment = 5 years

Annual depreciation expense = $1,173,000 ($5,865,000/5)

Sum-of-the-Years'-Digits Method =15 (5+4+3+2+1)

Calculation of depreciation expense:

2020 = $977,500 (5/15 * $5,865,000)/2

2021 = $1,564,000 (4/15 * $5,865,000)

                                                            2020            2021  

Equipment                                     $6,120,000  $6,120,000

Less: Accumulated Depreciation      977,500    2,541,500

Year-End Book Value                   $5,143,500 $3,578,500

Depreciation Expense for the Year 977,500  $1,564,000  

Double-Declining Balance Method (100/5 * 2) = 40%

Calculation of depreciation expense:

2020 = $1,224,000 (40% * $6,120,000)/2

2021 = $1,958,400 (40% * $4,896,000)

                                                              2020            2021  

Equipment                                       $6,120,000  $6,120,000

Less: Accumulated Depreciation     1,224,000     3,182,400

Year-End Book Value                    $4,896,000  $2,937,600

Depreciation Expense for the Year 1,224,000  $1,958,400

Straight-line method:

Annual depreciation expense = $1,173,000

2020: Depreciation expense = $586,500

2021: Depreciation expense = $1,173,000

2022: Depreciable amount = $4,340,500 ($4,360,500 - $20,000)

Depreciation expense = $2,170,250 ($4,340,500/2)

                                                              2020            2021            2022  

Equipment                                       $6,120,000   $6,120,000   $6,120,000

Less: Accumulated Depreciation       586,500      1,759,500     3,929,750

Year-End Book Value                    $5,533,500  $4,360,500   $2,190,250

Depreciation Expense for the Year   586,500      1,173,000      2,170,250

Straight-line method:

Annual depreciation expense = $1,173,000

2020: Depreciation expense = $586,500

2021:

Depreciation expense = $1,173,000

Accumulated depreciation = $1,759,500 ($586,500 + $1,173,000)

Year-End Book Value          $4,360,500 ($6,120,000 - $1,759,500)

2022 Estimated Salvage Value = $340,000

2022: Depreciation basis = $4,020,500 ($4,360,500 - $340,000)

Depreciation expense = $2,010,250 ($4,020,500/2)

Rate of Return if State Occurs Stock State of Economy Probability of State of Economy Stock A Stock B C Boom

Answers

Answer:

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm?

Company FIN3610-FTRA has a six-year project that requires an initial investment of $30,000. Every year, the project will pay fixed costs of $20,000 to produce the product. Also, we know that the variable costs per unit will be $36, and the price per unit will be $58. The required return is 10%. Please calculate the financial break-even quantity for this project. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 3 decimal places, e.g., 32.161.)

Answers

Answer:

909.09

Explanation:

Breakeven quantity are the number of  units produced and sold at which net income is zero

Breakeven quantity = fixed cost / price – variable cost per unit

$20,000 / 58 - 36 = 909.09

projects variable labor costs of $21,500 in March when 8,600 units are produced. If production is expected to drop to 8,000 units in April, what is the expected labor cost in April

Answers

Answer:

Total direct labor cost=$20,000

Explanation:

First, we need to calculate the direct labor cost per unit:

Direct labor cost per unit= total cost / number of units

Direct labor cost per unit= 21,500 / 8,600

Direct labor cost per unit= $2.5

Now, the total cost for 8,000 units:

Total direct labor cost= 2.5*8,000

Total direct labor cost=$20,000

A liquidity trap is a situation in which: _________

a. using expansionary monetary policy is not effective because, the nominal interest rate is almost zero.
b. lenders are trapped by large loans with declining rates of return. using expansionary monetary policy is not effective, because the real interest rate is negative.
c. aggregate demand falls, because consumers do not have enough liquidity to consume.
d. using expansionary fiscal policy is not effective because, the budget is in a deficit.

Answers

In monetary policy, reference to a zero bound on interest rates means that the central bank can no longer reduce the interest rate to encourage economic growth. As the interest rate approached the zero bound, the effectiveness of monetary policy as a tool was assumed to be reduced.

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